CN109374914A - Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device - Google Patents
Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109374914A CN109374914A CN201811087647.7A CN201811087647A CN109374914A CN 109374914 A CN109374914 A CN 109374914A CN 201811087647 A CN201811087647 A CN 201811087647A CN 109374914 A CN109374914 A CN 109374914A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035559 beat frequency Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring devices, including single-mode laser, fibre optic isolater, 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter, fiber optical circulator, optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters, fiber reflector, optical fiber collimator, 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices and photodetector.The laser of single-mode laser output is divided into two beams by 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter after fibre optic isolater, wherein a branch of optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters that pass twice through realize double shift frequency, another light beam through the moving object of optical fiber collimator vertical irradiation and generates Doppler frequency shift, two-beam closes beam using 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices and generates optical beat, detects the signal by photodetector and speed of moving body is calculated by its beat frequency rate.Double shift frequency is produced since reference light passes through optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters twice, which expands as twice of conventional all -fiber doppler velocity device to the range of dynamic measurement of speed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of optical measuring technologies, and in particular to a kind of full optical fiber laser Doppler speed measuring device.
Background technique
Laser Doppler vibration is moved relative to laser light source to more caused by laser frequency using target object
General Le frequency displacement precise measurement target speed has non-cpntact measurement, dynamic response are fast, high sensitivity and measuring range are big etc.
Advantage, but also have the shortcomings that structure is complicated, bulky and adjustment check and correction is difficult, disturbed vulnerable to ambient vibration.Made with optical fiber
For the laser transmission medium for connecting basic device, all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device of composition can overcome disadvantages mentioned above, have
The advantages that structure is simple, easy to adjust, stability is high and is easy to multimetering.But all -fiber Laser Doppler Technique For Measuring Velocity there is also
The limitation of itself.
The typical method of laser Doppler vibration including all -fiber Laser Doppler Technique For Measuring Velocity have zero balancing and
Heterodyne method.Single-frequency continuous laser is divided into two bundles by zero balancing, wherein it is a branch of as reference light, it is a branch of to be used as signal light, signal light
Irradiation moving object is simultaneously reflected by the object, and because of object of which movement, there are a Doppler frequency shift, the letters for the relatively former output light of reflected light
Number light and optical beat signal is generated with reference to optical superposition, measures the beat signal frequency using photodetector, can calculate
Speed of moving body realizes the measurement to speed of moving body.But zero balancing, which cannot achieve, sentences speed of moving body direction
Not, because being subject to certain restrictions with its actual use.
And use heterodyne method, then the differentiation to directional velocity can be realized while measuring speed of moving body.Logical
In normal heterodyne system Doppler speed measuring device, since reference light has one to consolidate relative to not doppler shifted initial signal light
Determine difference on the frequency, Doppler frequency shift amount is directly proportional to speed of moving body, in Doppler frequency shift amount maximum value no more than reference light
Fixed frequency relative to not doppler shifted initial signal light is poor, therefore the dynamic range of tachometric survey is fixed by this
The limitation of difference on the frequency.Generallyd use in conventional all -fiber Laser Doppler Technique For Measuring Velocity optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters come it is continuous to single-frequency
The light of laser output carries out shift frequency and constitutes reference light, and conventional device configuration is usually: laser generates laser beam and passes through light
Light is divided into two bundles by 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter 3 after fiber isolator, wherein a branch of changed by frequency after acousto-optic frequency shifters 4
For reference light；In addition light beam is emitted after the first port of fiber optical circulator, second port reach optical fiber collimator, is irradiated to
It is reflected back toward optical fiber collimator after target moving object, due to Doppler effect, the light beam is known as signal light at this time, the signal light
Third port outgoing through fiber optical circulator, reference light and signal light, which enter after 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices are mixed, reaches photoelectricity
Detector 8.As can be seen that limit of the dynamic dynamic range of all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device by acousto-optic frequency shifters shift frequency amount
System.
Summary of the invention
It is moved for the range of dynamic measurement of speed in conventional all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device by optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters
The problem of frequency amount size limitation, proposes that a kind of speed dynamic range is extended to a kind of two times of existing apparatus of Larger Dynamic measurement model
Enclose all -fiber Doppler range rate measurement scheme.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device, including single-mode laser, fibre optic isolater, 1 × 2
Fiber optic splitter, the second fiber optical circulator, optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters, optical fiber collimator, 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices and photodetection
Device, further includes the first fiber optical circulator and fiber reflector, and the single-mode laser output end connects optical fiber by single mode optical fiber
Isolator input terminal, fibre optic isolater output end connect the input terminal of 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter, 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter first, the
Two output ends are connect with the first port of the first fiber optical circulator, the second fiber optical circulator respectively, and the of the first fiber optical circulator
Two-port netwerk connects the input terminal of optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters, and the output of optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters terminates fiber reflector, the second fiber optic loop
The second port of row device connects optical fiber collimator, the first fiber optical circulator, the second fiber optical circulator third output port connect 2 × 1
The output of first, second input port of optical-fiber bundling device, 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices terminates photodetector.
According to the measurement method of above-mentioned Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device, single-mode laser output
Single-frequency continuous laser two-beam is divided by 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter after fibre optic isolater, wherein light beam is from 1 × 2 light
First output port of fine beam splitter is exported to the first port of the first fiber optical circulator, and by the second of the first fiber optical circulator
Port is exported to optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters, by fiber reflector reflected light after optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters generate a shift frequency
Fine acousto-optic frequency shifters, by incident by the second port of the first fiber optical circulator after optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters again shift frequency, and by the
The third port of one fiber optical circulator projects, and forms reference light；Another light beam by 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter second output terminal mouth
It exports to the first port of the second fiber optical circulator, and optical fiber collimator outgoing is coupled to by the second fiber optical circulator second port
For spatial beam, which is reflected back toward optical fiber collimator after vertical irradiation moving target object, forms signal light, and
Because Doppler effect carries the velocity information of target object, signal light is inputted from the second port of the second fiber optical circulator, and by
The third port output of second fiber optical circulator, reference light and signal light close Shu Jinhang difference interference through 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices,
And it is detected and is received by photodetector.
The invention has the benefit that
The configuration of the present invention is simple, it is easy to implement.Pass through connection fiber optical circulator, optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters and fiber reflection
Mirror is no longer influenced by optical fiber acousto-optic so that reference light successively passes twice through the acousto-optic frequency translation amount that optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters realize two times
The limitation of frequency shifter shift frequency amount size, to be original by the dynamic range expansion of all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device tachometric survey
Twice of technology has been obviously improved the performance of all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device, allows to apply and is needing by non-contact
Mode measures the application field of higher speed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the principle sketch of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is that tradition tests the speed Method And Principle schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the reference light Frequency Shift in device of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the reference light Frequency Shift using traditional Doppler velocity measurement method.
Appended drawing reference is as follows:
1- single-mode laser, 2- fibre optic isolater, the fiber optic splitter of 3-1 × 2, the first fiber optical circulator of 4-, 5- optical fiber sound
Optical frequency shifter, 6- fiber reflector, the second fiber optical circulator of 7-, 8- optical fiber collimator, the optical-fiber bundling device of 9-2 × 1,10- photoelectricity
Detector, 11- moving object.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and principle to this hair
It is bright to be described in further detail, it is clear that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole realities
Apply example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without making creative work
All other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention belongs to laser Doppler velocity measurement methods, are measured using heterodyne method.According to heterodyne detection principle it is found that
Detected measurement amount is Doppler frequency shift fdWith with reference to optical frequency shift f1Difference, that is, | f1-fd|.When what is obtained from detector
In numerical value, that is, formula | f1-fd| in, it can not obtain fdActual size, can not also obtain the size and Orientation of speed.At this
In the absolute value of default reference frequency shift amount be greater than the absolute value of Doppler frequency shift amount, heterodyne detection signal defers to f1-fdFormula.Root
According to f1-fdFormula is it is found that Doppler frequency shift amount fdValue range be [- f1,+f1], the measurable range of corresponding speed v isIt knows to work as f1V is bigger when bigger.
With reference to frequency shift amount f1It is usually obtained by laser by optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters, in order to obtain bigger reference frequency shift amount
f1, it is traditional there are two ways to: one is the acousto-optic frequency shifters for using one bigger shift frequency amount instead；Another kind is to move multiple acousto-optics
The series connection of frequency device carries out multiple shift frequency.
It is f since acousto-optic frequency shifters itself only generate size to laser beam itselflShift frequency amount, when laser beam is from sound
After optical frequency shifter projects, and when being reflected back toward acousto-optic frequency shifters, acousto-optic frequency shifters can still carry out again a shift frequency to laser beam.
According to above-mentioned principle, the invention proposes the shift frequency amounts that a kind of new method increases acousto-optic frequency shifters, and here it is logical
It crosses and takes the connection type of fiber optical circulator, acousto-optic frequency shifters and fiber reflector series winding to realize two times of shiftings to reference light
Frequently, it is also equivalent to be to expand Doppler's shifting amount fdWith the measurement range of speed v.
A kind of Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device provided by the invention swashs referring to Fig. 1, including single mode
Light device 1, fibre optic isolater 2,1 × 2 fiber optic splitter 3, the first fiber optical circulator 4, the second fiber optical circulator 7, optical fiber acousto-optic move
Frequency device 5, fiber reflector 6, optical fiber collimator 8,2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices 9 and photodetector 10.Described single-mode laser 1
Output end connects the input terminal of fibre optic isolater 2 by single mode optical fiber, and the output of fibre optic isolater 2 terminates 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter 3
Input terminal, which is 1:1, the first output end of 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter 3 and the first fiber optical circulator 4
First port connection, the second port of the first fiber optical circulator 4 is by connecing the first ports of optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters 5, optical fiber sound
The second output terminal mouth that the second port of optical frequency shifter 5 connects 6,1 × 2 fiber optic splitter 3 of fiber reflector connects the second optical fiber ring
Device 7, the second output terminal mouth of the second fiber optical circulator 7 connect optical fiber collimator 8, and the third port of the first fiber optical circulator 4 is the same as the
The third port of two fiber optical circulators 7 connects the first and second port of 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices 9, and the third of 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices is defeated
Exit port connects photodetector 10.
It is using the method that apparatus of the present invention test the speed: first by 8 perpendicular alignmnet target moving object 11 of optical fiber collimator.
The single-frequency laser that single-mode laser 1 in device exports is divided into two-beam by 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter 3, and wherein light beam is by 1
First output port of × 2 fiber optic splitters 3 is exported to the first port of the first fiber optical circulator 4, and by the first optical fiber ring
The second port of device 4 enters 5 shift frequency of optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters, arrives at fiber reflector from the exit end of optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters 5
6 back reflection back into optical fibers acousto-optic frequency shifters 5 shift frequency again, from the second port of the first fiber optical circulator 4 enters, third port is penetrated
Out.Another beam of laser is exported from the second output terminal of fiber optic splitter 3, simultaneously from the input of the first port of the second fiber optical circulator 7
From second port output by optical fiber collimator 8 be emitted, be radiated in target moving object 11, after be reflected back toward optical fiber collimator
8 are emitted by the third port of the second fiber optical circulator 7, and the light has become to carry the signal of target moving object motion information at this time
Light.Shift frequency reference light and signal light enter carry out difference interference from the first and second input port of 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices 9, and by
Photodetector 10 receives.
If the local frequency of laser is fo, the shift frequency amount of optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters is fl, since light substantially passes light twice
Fine acousto-optic frequency shifters, so the frequency for the shift frequency light being emitted from optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters is fo+2fl, when light is radiated at moving target
It is f that size can be generated when objectdDoppler frequency shift, the frequency of the light beam being reflected back from collimator is fo+fd, this two-beam warp
It is received by a photoelectric detector after crossing the mixing of 2 × 1 fiber couplers, frequency shift amount at this time is f1=2fl-fd。
When beam of laser is radiated in moving object, laser is θ, the fortune of object with the angle between movement direction of object
Dynamic speed is υ, and it is f that the light being reflected back by moving object, which has size,dFrequency displacement, can be obtained according to Doppler effect:
By the frequency shift amount f on detector1With acousto-optic frequency translation amount flIt can learn fdSize, also just known to object movement
Direction and speed.
It applies optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters employed in example to produce for Gooch&Housego company, the center of radio frequency output
Frequency is 40MHz ± 0.1%.
Above-mentioned optical path may be implemented it is larger range of sentence to laser-Doppler detect, realize more Larger Dynamic range speed
Measurement.
To prove that effect of the invention is infallible effect.It is now tested twice to effect progress of the invention
Verifying: it first group, is tested the speed using Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler range rate measurement optical path, such as Fig. 1；It second group, uses
Traditional all -fiber Doppler range rate measurement optical path tests the speed, such as Fig. 2.
With the present invention, traditional full optical fiber laser Doppler velocity measurement method equally uses acousto-optic frequency shifters to be moved
Frequently, it is similarly measured using heterodyne detection method.But traditional method uses direct-connected 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling of acousto-optic frequency shifters
The connection type of device, it is [- f that this method, which is able to achieve the maximum range of Doppler frequency shift,l,+fl], the maximum measurement range of speed
For
The present invention, by increasing a fiber optical circulator and a fiber reflector 6, takes on the basis of conventional apparatus
Optical path connection appropriate, makes reference light pass twice through acousto-optic frequency shifters 5, increases the shift frequency amount to reference light, be also equivalent to
Increase the measurement range of Doppler frequency shift and speed.
As shown in Fig. 2, from laser 1 generate frequency be fo laser beam, after fibre optic isolater 2 by 1 × 2
Fiber optic splitter 3 is divided into two bundles light.Wherein it is a branch of by optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters 5 after, frequency changes, become frequency be f0
+flReference light；In addition light beam by way of the second fiber optical circulator 7 (conventional apparatus only has this optical fiber circulator) first
Port, second port reach optical fiber collimator 8, are emitted from optical fiber collimator 7, are reflected back toward after being irradiated to target moving object 11
Optical fiber collimator 8, due to Doppler effect, it is fo+f that the light beam, which becomes frequency, at this timedSignal light.When reference light and signal light
Photodetector 10 is reached after being mixed into 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices 9, the frequency of the light beam after the mixing is fl-fd。
Fig. 3 is it is found that reference light shift frequency amount after acousto-optic frequency shifters has reached 2f in the first set of experimentsl, that is,
80.29MH, corresponding maximum test the speed range as [- 124.4495m/s, 124.4495m/s].As shown in Figure 4, in second group of experiment
Reference light passes through traditional optical path, and shift frequency amount can only reach flIt arrives, that is, 40.19MHz, corresponding [- 62.2945m/s,
62.2945m/s].By above-mentioned comparison, the present invention increases Doppler's survey by the shift frequency amount of increase reference light for a certainty
The measurement range of speed, the optical source wavelength used in this experiment is λ=1550nm.
Particular examples described above is only explained only for the present invention, is not the specific limitation present invention
Application.After understanding thought of the invention, if having novel viewpoint to the present invention, corresponding variations and alternatives can be also made.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device, including single-mode laser (1), fibre optic isolater (2),
1 × 2 fiber optic splitter (3), the second fiber optical circulator (7), optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters (5), optical fiber collimator (8), 2 × 1 optical fiber
Bundling device (9) and photodetector (10), it is characterised in that: it further include the first fiber optical circulator (4) and fiber reflector (6),
Single-mode laser (1) output end connects fibre optic isolater (2) input terminal, fibre optic isolater (2) output by single mode optical fiber
End connection 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter (3) input terminal, 1 × 2 the first, second output end of fiber optic splitter respectively with the first fiber optic loop
The first port connection of row device (4), the second fiber optical circulator (7), the second port of the first fiber optical circulator (4) connect optical fiber acousto-optic
The output of the input terminal of frequency shifter (5), optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters (5) terminates fiber reflector (6), the second fiber optical circulator (7)
Second port connect optical fiber collimator (8), the first fiber optical circulator (4), the second fiber optical circulator (7) third output port connect
The output of first, second input port of 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices (9), 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices (9) terminates photodetector.
2. the measurement method of Larger Dynamic measurement range all -fiber Doppler speed measuring device according to claim 1, feature
Be: the single-frequency continuous laser of single-mode laser (1) output is after fibre optic isolater (2) by 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter (3) equal part
For two-beam, wherein light beam is exported from the first output port of 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter (3) to the first fiber optical circulator (4)
First port, and exported by the second port of the first fiber optical circulator (4) to optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters (5), by optical fiber sound
Optical fiber acousto-optic frequency shifters (5) are reflected back by fiber reflector (6) after optical frequency shifter (5) shift frequency of generation, are moved by optical fiber acousto-optic
Frequency device (5) is incident by the second port of the first fiber optical circulator after shift frequency again, and by the third end of the first fiber optical circulator (4)
Mouth projects, and forms reference light；Another light beam is exported by the second output terminal mouth of 1 × 2 fiber optic splitter (3) to the second optical fiber ring
The first port of device (7), and being coupled to optical fiber collimator (8) outgoing by the second fiber optical circulator (7) second port is spatial light
Beam, the spatial beam are reflected back toward optical fiber collimator (8) after vertical irradiation moving target object (11), form signal light, and
Because Doppler effect carries the velocity information of target object, signal light is inputted from the second port of the second fiber optical circulator (7), and
It is exported by the third port of the second fiber optical circulator (7), reference light and signal light close outside Shu Jinhang through 2 × 1 optical-fiber bundling devices (9)
Difference interference, and detected and received by photodetector.
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| CN111123286A (en) * | 2020-01-12 | 2020-05-08 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Self-calibration-based all-fiber Doppler cable length testing method and device |
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Cited By (4)
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