CN109374680A - 18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristic research methods - Google Patents
18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristic research methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN109374680A CN109374680A CN201811275181.3A CN201811275181A CN109374680A CN 109374680 A CN109374680 A CN 109374680A CN 201811275181 A CN201811275181 A CN 201811275181A CN 109374680 A CN109374680 A CN 109374680A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility
- G01N25/54—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility by determining explosibility
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/14—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force of explosions; for measuring the energy of projectiles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristic research methods.The following steps are included: 1, experimental arrangement: firing platform using lithium ion battery；2, experimental data and analysis: the analysis of 2.1 experimentations；The 2.2 closed influences for firing SOC under tank body environment and firing pond body temperature to lithium ion battery；2.3 difference SOC lithium ion batteries fire Pressure Analysis；3, the results showed that under the conditions of same external heat source, lithium ion battery carrying capacity is higher, and the response time for firing generation will be shorter, and the energy of release is bigger, and the blast pressure impact generated to closed environment space is bigger.The present invention fires experiment porch using the lithium ion battery independently built, the 18650 type lithium ion batteries by triggering different carrying capacities fire, analysis lithium ion battery fires disaster development law, probes into it and fire mechanism and characteristic, provides certain data and technical support for the transport lithium ion battery of aviation safety from now on.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ions to fire technical field, and in particular to 18650 type lithium ion batteries of one kind fire spy
Journal of Sex Research method.
Background technique
Accounting of the lithium ion battery in market increasingly increases, and the transport main body of lithium ion battery is air transportation.In recent years
Come during AIRLINE & AIRPORT that a series of unsafe accidents relevant to lithium battery, event occur, has seriously affected air transportation
Safety.International Civil Aviation Organization promulgates ban (UN3480) that proposal stops passenger plane in the whole world and transports lithium-ion electric at the beginning of 2016
Pond.Many researchs have been carried out in the damage control that fires that domestic and foreign scholars cause for lithium ion battery thermal runaway.U.S. FAA Hughes
The technical report that research center was submitted in 2009 may cause airborne lithium ion core cone or polymer Li-ion battery
Fire hazard tested, the results showed that the lithium ion battery fired can damage cargo hold component.Boeing once existed
In July, 2015 issues security warning:, can not be fertile by the transport of high-volume lithium battery in the design standard of aircraft
The risk factors such as high temperature and explosion and imflammable gas are taken into account, can there are serious risks to aircraft safety.U.S. FM
Company, for one group, has been carried out full-scale fire test, has obtained lithium ion with 18650 type lithium ion batteries of 5000 packed in cases
Thermal runaway takes place at 180 DEG C or so in the flammable electrolyte that battery includes.2014, Xu Dan carried out power lithium battery
Pond Hot disaster causes the research of calamity mechanism and preventing control method.It is 2014, average to be transformed on the basis of 9705 test platform,
Devise full-scale lithium battery fire-resistance behavior test platform, the fire-resistance behavior after network analysis large size lithium ion battery is on fire.
2015, FAA Hughes carried out in research center extensive lithium battery fire test, studied the explosive characteristic of packaging lithium battery.
2016, Chen etc. carried out single and multiple former lithium battery combustibility experimental studies.2016, Zhang Qingsong carried out lithium ion
Battery fires feature and air transportion safety research, the results showed that, battery thermal stability increases with carrying capacity (SOC) and significantly drops
Low, air transportion number of batteries seriously affects air transportion safety.2017, Fu Yangyang tested different carrying capacities by cone calorimetry
(SOC) lithium battery combustion process and under radiant heat flux, the parametric data measured under different operating conditions is compared and is analyzed.
However, these researchs are all not directed to seldom or substantially the research of lithium ion battery explosive characteristic, and in air transportation
Cheng Zhong, the high moderate pressure that blast accident generates occurs for lithium ion battery will cause serious destruction to aircaft configuration.
In conclusion the present invention devises a kind of 18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristic research methods.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of 18650 type lithium ion batteries combustion
Quick-fried characteristic research method fires experiment porch using the lithium ion battery independently built, by trigger different carrying capacities 18650
Type lithium ion battery fires, and analysis lithium ion battery fires disaster development law, probes into it and fire mechanism and characteristic, for the present
Aviation safety transport lithium ion battery provides certain data and technical support afterwards.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions: the combustion of 18650 type lithium ion batteries
Quick-fried characteristic research method, comprising the following steps: 1, experimental arrangement: platform is fired using lithium ion battery；
2, experimental data and analysis: the analysis of 2.1 experimentations；2.2 closed fire SOC under tank body environment and fire to lithium ion battery
The influence of pond body temperature；2.3 difference SOC lithium ion batteries fire Pressure Analysis；
3, the results showed that under the conditions of same external heat source, lithium ion battery carrying capacity is higher, fires the response time of generation
Will be shorter, the energy of release is bigger, and the blast pressure impact generated to closed environment space is bigger.
It includes sealed shell of tank, thermocouple, bracket, heating rod, pressure probe, electricity that the lithium ion battery, which fires platform,
Source, relief valve, exhaust valve and data collection system, sealed shell of tank, which is that the rigidity of 60L is closed, fires tank, thermocouple and heating rod point
Not Yong fixation with steel wire in the two sides of lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery chooses model LR1865SZ, the power mind of capacity 2600mA
18650 type lithium ion batteries, the carrying capacity of battery are set as 100%, 50% and 20%.And choose length be 100mm, power 150W,
Heating maximum temperature is fired up to 600 DEG C of cylindrical heater stick triggering lithium ion battery.Use range for 0-5MPa, essence
0.5 grade of degree, the piezoresistive pressure sensor (pressure probe) of model CYG1146, the pressure that measurement pond body generates during firing
Force data.Using the armoured thermocouple of 0.5mm model WRNK-191, measurement range is realized at 0-1000 DEG C with spot-shaped weld
Highly sensitive real-time measurement pond body temperature.Experiment uses (National Instrument, NI-cDAQ-9135) acquisition system
(data collection system), each temperature is arranged in experiment and pressure sensor frequency acquisition is 100Hz.
The step 1 fires in tank body environment closed, is touched using the heating rod that same external power of heat source is 150W
The 18650 type lithium ion batteries that hair carrying capacity is 100%, 50% and 20% fire.Heating rod power supply is connected when starting in experiment
End is fired to lithium ion battery and disconnects power supply, and piezoresistive pressure sensor, which is arranged in right above lithium ion battery, measures number pressure
According to two thermocouples are fixed on pond body and heating rod side temperature collection data.Whole experiment process, NI-cDAQ-9135 acquisition
System is the frequency continuous collecting temperature and pressure data of 0.01s with the period.Every group of requirement of experiment carries out 3 times or more, guarantees have
The experiment number of effect at least 3 times.Data Processing in Experiment chooses the average value effectively tested as final result in the process.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention fires experiment porch using the lithium ion battery independently built, and passes through triggering
18650 type lithium ion batteries of different carrying capacities fire, and analysis lithium ion battery fires disaster development law, probes into its combustion
Quick-fried mechanism and characteristic transport lithium ion battery for aviation safety from now on and provide certain data and technical support.
Detailed description of the invention
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments；
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that lithium ion battery of the invention fires platform；
Fig. 2 is that lithium ion battery of the invention fires process pond body temperature profile；
Fig. 3 is that lithium ion battery of the invention fires process pond body rate of temperature change curve graph；
Fig. 4 is that different SOC lithium ion batteries of the invention fire process pond body temperature profile；
Fig. 5 is that different SOC lithium ion batteries of the invention fire characteristic curve diagram；
Fig. 6 is that lithium ion of the invention fires closed environment space pressure change curve.
Specific embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below with reference to
Specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
- Fig. 6 referring to Fig.1, present embodiment use following technical scheme: 18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristics
Research method, comprising the following steps:
1, platform, including sealed shell of tank 1, thermocouple 2, bracket 3, heating rod 4, pressure experimental arrangement: are fired using lithium ion battery
Power probe 5, power supply 6, relief valve 7, exhaust valve 8 and data collection system 9, experiment are located at that rigidity that tank body is 60L is closed to be fired
It is carried out in the environment of tank, thermocouple 2 and heating rod 4 are respectively with fixation with steel wire in the two sides of lithium ion battery, as shown in Figure 1.This
Model LR1865SZ, the refreshing 18650 type lithium ion batteries of the power of capacity 2600mA are chosen in secondary experiment, and the carrying capacity of battery is set as
100%, 50% and 20%.And choosing length is 100mm, power 150W, heats maximum temperature up to 600 DEG C of cylindrical heater stick
Triggering lithium ion battery fires.Use range for 0-5MPa, 0.5 grade of precision, the pressure drag type pressure of model CYG1146 passes
Sensor, the pressure data that measurement pond body generates during firing.Using the armoured thermocouple of 0.5mm model WRNK-191, survey
Range is measured at 0-1000 DEG C, highly sensitive real-time measurement pond body temperature is realized with spot-shaped weld.Experiment uses (National
Instrument, NI-cDAQ-9135) acquisition system, each temperature is set in experiment and pressure sensor frequency acquisition is
100Hz。
It is fired in tank body environment closed, the heating rod for the use of same external power of heat source being 150W triggering carrying capacity is
100%, 50% and 20% 18650 type lithium ion batteries fire.Heating rod power supply is connected when starting in experiment to lithium-ion electric
Pond fires end and disconnects power supply, and piezoresistive pressure sensor, which is arranged in right above lithium ion battery, measures pressure data, two heat
Galvanic couple is fixed on pond body and heating rod side temperature collection data.Whole experiment process, NI-cDAQ-9135 acquisition system is with week
Phase is the frequency continuous collecting temperature and pressure data of 0.01s.Every group of requirement of experiment carries out 3 times or more, guarantees effective experiment
Number at least 3 times.Data Processing in Experiment chooses the average value effectively tested as final result in the process.
2, experimental data and analysis
The analysis of 2.1 experimentations
Comparative analysis difference carrying capacity lithium ion battery fires experiment, and 20% SOC of discovery is fired with 100% SOC lithium ion battery
Only occur firing process in the process and do not occur incipient detonation process, and 50% SOC lithium ion battery has occurred incipient detonation and fired
Journey.In order to preferably show the disaster evolving stage process that lithium ion battery fires, 50%SOC lithium-ion electric is triggered with electric heating
Pond fires for process.The analysis of pond body temperature data is found during firing to lithium ion battery, the combustion of lithium ion battery
Quick-fried process is there are two obvious incipient detonation and fires the stage, the temperature variation curve in two stages, as shown in Figure 2.With heating
The increase of stick temperature, after pond body temperature reaches 139 DEG C, into the incipient detonation stage, generating unit point chemical reaction is produced inside pond body
Raw fuel gas causes pond body internal pressure to increase, and bounces and emerge combustible fumes with Explosion-proof cap.When pond body temperature reaches
To after 239 DEG C, into the stage of firing, the chemical reaction of inside battery is more violent, and a large amount of high temperature are ejected at anode
Luminous combustible material, lithium battery pond body temperature, which obviously increases rapidly, reaches about 600 DEG C, causes to fire inside tank body environment space
Pressure increase.
From pond body rate of temperature change angle analysis lithium ion battery fire during incipient detonation and fire the stage, such as Fig. 3 institute
Show, when battery is heated to 182 s, pond body rate of temperature change reaches a peak value by a small margin, change rate 0.044；Work as pond
When body is heated to 305 s, there is a significantly peak value, rate of temperature change 1.32 in pond body rate of temperature change；182 s with
Before and after 305 s, pond body rate of temperature change difference is obvious, compared to the pond body rate of temperature change before and after 182 s times, 305 s times
The pond body rate of temperature change difference of front and back is bigger.So 139 DEG C and 239 DEG C of the pond body temperature in 182 s and 305 s corresponding diagrams 2
It is exactly the temperature nodes that pond body temperature change is fast during battery fires, two temperature nodes correspond to first during battery fires
It burst point and fires a little.
The 2.2 closed influences for firing SOC under tank body environment and firing pond body temperature to lithium ion battery
It is closed to fire 20% SOC, 50%SOC, 100%SOC lithium ion battery under tank body environment and fire process pond body temperature curve such as
Shown in Fig. 4.
It is fired in tank body environment closed, 20%SOC lithium ion battery fires process without the apparent incipient detonation stage, and battery exists
280 s are fired, and pond body temperature increases to 390 DEG C from 245 DEG C；In 150 s incipient detonation occurs for 50%SOC lithium-ion battery monomer,
Battery is fired in 275s, and pond body temperature drastically increases to 605 DEG C from 239 DEG C；100%SOC lithium-ion battery monomer exists
245s is fired, and pond body drastically increases to 640 DEG C from 223 DEG C of temperature.
Under identical external heat source power, time phase that 20% SOC battery cell is fired with 50%SOC battery cell
Than late 5 s, and the time that 50%SOC battery cell fires is compared to 100%SOC lithium ion battery evening 30s.100% SOC
Battery cell fire response temperature compared to 50%SOC, 20% SOC lithium ion battery fire response temperature it is low 16 DEG C with 22 DEG C.
100% SOC lithium ion battery fires rear pond body maximum temperature and reaches 640 DEG C, is higher by than 50% SOC battery cell maximum temperature
35 DEG C, 250 DEG C are higher by than 20% SOC battery cell maximum temperature.
During lithium ion battery fires under closed environment, caused as external heat source persistently heats lithium ion battery
Make to chemically react between the positive and negative pole material and electrolyte that inside battery is active and accelerate, and the series of chemical of inside battery
Battery is caused to generate a large amount of fuel gas, after the chemical reaction rate inside pond body reaches a certain level, pressure is very short
Sharply increased in time, when battery cell internal pressure be higher than external pressure when, these fuel gas from relief hole spray and with
Oxygen mix in ambient enviroment, reaches certain proportion and encounters high temperature and fire, and inner material is gone out by projectile.It can by Fig. 5
See, under identical external heat source power condition, lithium ion battery carrying capacity (SOC) is higher, and battery energy storage is more, therefore with
The increase of carrying capacity, battery fire that reaction rate is faster, and the accumulation speed of internal pressure is faster, and triggering lithium ion battery fires
Response time will be shorter, pond body fire response temperature it is lower, the energy of release is bigger.
2.3 difference SOC lithium ion batteries fire Pressure Analysis
To fire the variation that tank body environment is fired to environmental pressure as shown in Figure 6 closed for different carrying capacity lithium ion batteries.
100% SOC lithium ion battery is fired in 245 s, to the closed compression shock for firing tank body environment space and generating 0.51MPa
Wave；50% SOC is fired in 275 s, 280 s respectively with 20% SOC battery cell, is generated after firing to closed environment space
The pressure surge of 0.37MPa and 0.11MPa.
The reason of generating above-mentioned difference is as follows: the stable structure of inside battery with temperature raising destroyed so that lithium from
The ladder-like generation for chemically reacting and pond body being caused to fire occurs for various active substances in sub- battery.With persistently adding for heating rod
Heat, the chemical reaction rate inside lithium ion battery pond body are constantly accelerated, and the fuel gas that internal chemical reaction generates causes pond
Body internal pressure increase, when pressure be higher than external pressure when these fuel gas from relief hole spray and with the oxygen in ambient enviroment
Gas mixing encounters high temperature and fires, and the combustible inside pond body is sprayed from anode, the generation in a flash that pond body fires
Powerful pressure surge and the pressure increase for causing closed environment space.Under external heat source identical power conditions, battery storage
Electricity is more, and the energy of inside battery is higher, and battery fires rear internal mass temperature also can be higher.Pond body fired
Cheng Zhong, so that inside battery system structure disorder makes chemical reaction more abundant, chemically react generation can for the increase of carrying capacity
Combustion gas body is rapider, and the speed that inner material is sprayed from anode is faster, rushes to the pressure that closed environment space generates
It hits that wave is bigger, causes the increase for firing tank interior pressure.
3, the results showed that by repeatedly triggering lithium ion battery explosion test and examination in tank body environment in closed fire
Testing resulting related data and signature analysis can obtain to draw a conclusion.
1) during 20%SOC lithium ion battery fires, slowly due to the chemical reaction of low battery inside battery, do not have
Apparent incipient detonation treppe is occurred, during 100%SOC lithium ion battery fires, since inside battery chemically reacts
Rapidly, only there is firing treppe without there is incipient detonation treppe.
2) same external power of heat source triggering lithium ion battery fires process, in pond body temperature changing process, occurs certain
When having visibly different rate of temperature change before and after temperature nodes, rate of temperature change difference lesser temperature nodes in front and back are incipient detonation
Point, the biggish temperature nodes of front and back rate of temperature change difference are to fire a little.When the carrying capacity of lithium ion battery is higher, lithium-ion electric
The response time that pond fires is shorter, and it is lower that battery fires response temperature, and the energy discharged is more.
3) under same external power of heat source, battery storage electricity is more, and the energy of inside battery is higher, fires
Speed is faster, and the pressure surge generated to closed environment space is bigger.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1.18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristic research method, which comprises the following steps:
(1), platform experimental arrangement: is fired using lithium ion battery；
(2), experimental data and analysis: the analysis of (2.1) experimentation；(2.2) the closed SOC that fires under tank body environment is to lithium-ion electric
Pond fires the influence of pond body temperature；(2.3) difference SOC lithium ion battery fires Pressure Analysis；
(3), the results showed that under the conditions of same external heat source, lithium ion battery carrying capacity is higher, when firing the response of generation
Between will be shorter, the energy of release is bigger, to closed environment space generate blast pressure impact it is bigger.
2. 18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristic research method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
It includes sealed shell of tank (1), thermocouple (2), bracket (3), heating rod (4), pressure probe (5), electricity that lithium ion battery, which fires platform,
Source (6), relief valve (7), exhaust valve (8) and data collection system (9), sealed shell of tank (1), which is that the rigidity of 60L is closed, fires tank,
Respectively with fixation with steel wire in the two sides of lithium ion battery, lithium ion battery chooses model for thermocouple (2) and heating rod (4)
The refreshing 18650 type lithium ion batteries of the power of LR1865SZ, capacity 2600mA, the carrying capacity of battery are set as 100%, 50% and
20%；And choosing length is 100mm, power 150W, heating maximum temperature triggers lithium ion up to 600 DEG C of cylindrical heater stick
Battery fires；Use range for 0-5MPa, 0.5 grade of precision, the piezoresistive pressure sensor of model CYG1146, measurement
The pressure data that pond body generates during firing；Using the armoured thermocouple of 0.5mm model WRNK-191, measurement range is in 0-
1000 DEG C, highly sensitive real-time measurement pond body temperature is realized with spot-shaped weld；Experiment uses National Instrument, NI-
CDAQ-9135 acquisition system, each temperature is arranged in experiment and pressure sensor frequency acquisition is 100Hz.
3. 18650 type lithium ion battery explosive characteristic research method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step (1) fires in tank body environment closed, and the heating rod for the use of same external power of heat source being 150W triggering carrying capacity is
100%, 50% and 20% 18650 type lithium ion batteries fire；In experiment start when connect heating rod power supply to lithium from
Sub- battery fires end and disconnects power supply, and piezoresistive pressure sensor, which is arranged in right above lithium ion battery, measures pressure data, and two
Root thermocouple is fixed on pond body and heating rod side temperature collection data；Whole experiment process, NI-cDAQ-9135 acquisition system
It is the frequency continuous collecting temperature and pressure data of 0.01s with the period；Every group of requirement of experiment carries out 3 times or more, guarantees effective
Experiment number at least 3 times；Data Processing in Experiment chooses the average value effectively tested as final result in the process.
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| CN109813755A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-28 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | A kind of pressurized tank measuring lithium battery blast characteristics parameter |
| CN111855742A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-10-30 | 西安交通大学 | Electronic skin structure for detecting damage degree of explosion to human body and detection method |
| CN113804855A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Battery explosion shock wave overpressure measuring method and system |
| CN114415028A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-29 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Lithium ion battery pyrolysis gas explosion limit and inerting gas test system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109813755A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-28 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | A kind of pressurized tank measuring lithium battery blast characteristics parameter |
| CN111855742A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-10-30 | 西安交通大学 | Electronic skin structure for detecting damage degree of explosion to human body and detection method |
| CN113804855A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-17 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Battery explosion shock wave overpressure measuring method and system |
| CN113804855B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2024-02-27 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for measuring overpressure of explosion shock waves of battery |
| CN114415028A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-04-29 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Lithium ion battery pyrolysis gas explosion limit and inerting gas test system |
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Application publication date: 20190222 |