CN1093742C - Banana storing, transporting and preserving technology - Google Patents
Banana storing, transporting and preserving technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1093742C CN1093742C CN00114144A CN00114144A CN1093742C CN 1093742 C CN1093742 C CN 1093742C CN 00114144 A CN00114144 A CN 00114144A CN 00114144 A CN00114144 A CN 00114144A CN 1093742 C CN1093742 C CN 1093742C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to fruit production technology, particularly to banana production, storage, transport, refreshment and matching technology thereof. The technology aims at the defects in banana production at present, and proposes a set of interconnected integration technical scheme on every production section of a method of banana production and harvest, normal temperature or low temperature storage and transport and refreshment processing after bananas are harvested. The present invention has the advantages of feasible technology and easy operation, and solves the problems that at present banana production goods have low grade and low benefit.
Description
The present invention relates to the fruit production technology and relate in particular to banana production, storing, the fresh-keeping and technology that matches.
Banana is the torrid zone, one of main fruit in subtropics, China Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, all there is very large-area banana production in provinces such as Yunnan, the production of banana has become the rural economy pillar in banana producing region, banana production is still in continuous development at present, but the level of production is low, based on traditional planting patterns plantation, production-supply-marketing seriously disconnects, preservation technique falls behind, commodity are of low grade, commodity competitiveness is poor, it is serious to adopt the back loss, a large amount of imports of foreign in addition banana, and the needs in fierce banana market day by day are difficult to meet competition, development high-quality high-grade banana production and circulation of commodities are imperative, so, the storing of banana, fresh-keeping, become development high-quality high-grade banana production, guarantee the important step of circulation of commodities.In the past, banana fresh-keeping had report, but did not see that as the storage fresh-keeping of banana industrialization newspaper is arranged.
Purpose of the present invention provides a cover to have high yield, high-quality, good refreshing effect, and match antenatal postpartum, the banana storing, transporting and preserving technology of integration of manufacturing and marketing strong operability.
Banana storing, transporting and preserving technology: comprise the selection high yield, comb shape, fruit shape good banana variety uses not in spite of illness and the test-tube plantlet plantation rapidly of growing, and satisfies the requirement of banana flower bud differentiation period and young fruit period moisture abundance, the middle and later periods moisture of strict control fruit development, many potassium applications and fertilizer, suitable nitrogen fertilizer application, early stage is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, cooperate phosphorus potash fertilizer, the middle and later periods enriches potash fertilizer, carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest, rely mainly on prevention, control is laid equal stress on, and sprays medicine in good time, in time bagging, in time cutting off male flower cluster is really strong, in order to concentrated nutrient, prevent that any of several broadleaf plants shaft tail end from rotting, according to the storing time of banana, determine the plumpness that banana is gathered, be strictly on guard against mechanical injury when gathering banana, in time clean banana, remove any of several broadleaf plants breast, dirt and residual flower, removed damage by disease and insect, the irregular banana of comb shape, carry out sterilization and anticorrosion with chloride cleaning fluid, dry the back slightly and handle, after draining with the antistaling agent adding of germicide, paste the petty dealer and mark packing, 11～15 ℃ of following precoolings, 11～13 ℃ of down refrigeration storings, under 16～21 ℃ of temperature with the ripener listing of accelerating the ripening.
Concrete technical measures are as follows:
One, strengthens adopting preceding management, produce high-quality bananas
Have only and pay attention to adopting preceding cultivation, the banana of the anti-storage of ability production high-quality, this is a prerequisite of carrying out banana production work.
1. kind is planted the important prerequisite that the good banana variety that really shape is good, local flavor is good, output is high, welcome in market is the raising banana market competitiveness, the comb shape of banana, fruit shape, exterior of commodity, color and luster, and local flavor is the sign of high-quality bananas.Therefore, should plant the marketable kind in some markets, " Brazil " kinds, No. 2 kinds in Guangdong, high pin escape kinds such as flower bud kind.Can select suitable cultivar according to difference local natural conditions and rich water quality management level, for example, the Delta of the Pearl River better suited " No. 2, Guangdong " is planted, Brazil's kind etc.The better suited high pin in Gaozhou county area ground flower bud kind etc. of escaping.
2. plant and plant the banana test-tube plantlet.Test-tube plantlet is grown rapidly not in spite of illness, grows neat unanimity, helps cultivation management.
3. the rich water quality management of science, the water management of banana is one of important step of banana good quality and high output.Banana is in different vegetative period, and to the responsive program difference of moisture, the most responsive is to take out the flower bud phase, excess moisture or very fewly all the yield and quality of fruit is had very big influence.In general, flower bud differentiation period and young fruit development phase, require the moisture abundance, and suitably control water in the middle and later periods of fruit development, help improving the quality of fruit and improve storability.For the Jiao Yuan in levee-surrounded field area, need high furrow zanjon, water level is controlled under 80 centimeters, helps irrigation and drainage and lures root living deeply, makes banana well established and vigorously developing.
Fertilizer management is the assurance of banana high yield and high quality, and banana needs potassium more, and potash fertilizer helps improving the quality of banana, nitrogen takes second place, less to the phosphorus requirement, cooperate phosphorus potash fertilizer based on nitrogen early stage, middle and later periods enriches potash fertilizer, the whole growth phase is used in combination fertilizer, general high yield any of several broadleaf plants garden planting any of several broadleaf plants applying quantity of chemical fertilizer: kg/ha, make: nitrogenous fertilizer is 900～1200, and phosphate fertilizer is 270～360, potash fertilizer is 1200～1500, and the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 1: 0.3: 1.5.
The extermination of disease and insect pest with protect leaf, bagging phylactocarp
The banana growing period often is subjected to the disease worm and causes harm.Not only when fruit harvesting, just have a strong impact on fruit appearance, reduce commodity value, as scab, the black patches that flower thrips is caused harm and causes, and can cause fruit due to illness harmful latent infection in transporting procedures to cause serious rotting.These are subjected to fruit that disease infects at the not reveal any symptoms of gathering often, but in transporting procedures, show illness, symptom along with the ripe old and feeble of fruit, cause serious rotting, as anthracnose, scab etc.Therefore, must carry out the preventing and controlling of damage by disease and insect, with quality and the raising fresh-keeping effect that guarantees banana.The banana disease pest control should be taked to rely mainly on prevention, and control is laid equal stress on, and sprays aggregate measures such as medicine, bagging in good time.
The sigatoka control: spray specific drug enemy power and take off 1500 times of liquid of 25% emulsifiable concentrate annual 5～October, 1～2 time every month, perhaps sprays 50% carbendazim and add 800 times of mixed liquors of 80% mancozeb, the mixed liquor ratio is 2: 1, perhaps spray the 40% 400 times of liquid of disease prestige that go out, perhaps spray 800 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl, spray in every month 1～2 time, still have the healthy greenery about 8 when guaranteeing that banana is gathered, leafiness is many, and the anti-storage of fruit is few as the leafiness number, fruit is yellow maturity in the tree, not anti-storage.Above-mentioned medicament can be used alternatingly, in case develop immunity to drugs.
The control of anthracnose: from blooming, spray 500～600 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, after young fruit forms, spray per 10 days 1 time again 4 times.
The control of scab: spray disease leaf and sick fruit with 800～1000 times of 75% tpns or 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim.Femalely connect spray 3 times, about 15 days 1 time after the flowers are in blossom.
Flower thrips control: flower thrips is caused harm and can cause that pore appears in fruit, influences outward appearance, and the method for control is should spray medicine when buddingging.Can spray 600～800 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate 2～3 times, 5～7 days 1 time, in conjunction with anti-scab and anthracnose, spray again 1～2 time behind the cutting off male flower cluster.
Bagging: in time carry out bagging behind cutting off male flower cluster, bagging can effectively be protected fruit, prevents that the disease worm from causing harm.1～2 medicine of spray before and after the bagging, better effects if.
5. fruit thinning is really strong: be the commodity class that improves banana, should take the measure of the strong fruit of fruit thinning, generally stay 8 comb bananas approximately, any of several broadleaf plants fringe end stays a fruit, and all the other are all removed, and in order to concentrated nutrient, prevents that any of several broadleaf plants shaft tail end is rotten.
Two, gather
1. the plumpness of gathering: plumpness is the standard when determining that banana is gathered, according to the storing time length of banana, and the plumpness of gathering that decisions such as the temperature of collecting season suit.The high more easy more maturation of plumpness as gathering at high temperature season, is used for long-distance finding a good sale in, and the storage fresh-keeping time, its plumpness of gathering should be advisable about 70～85% at 30-90 days.Gather at low temperature season, the storage fresh-keeping phase adopted degree of saturation and is advisable with 80～90% in 30 days.Take out general 4～July behind the banana cutting off male flower cluster of flower bud and can gather in 65～90 days, and 130～150 talentes can gather after taking out the banana cutting off male flower cluster of flower bud 9～December.
2. collecting method and prevent mechanical injury
Mechanical damage is an outstanding problem in the banana storage fresh-keeping, and mechanical injury derives from the damage in the recovery process, the damage of packaging process, the damage of transportation etc.The banana skin damage is subject to the germ invasion, and at the injured initial stage, symptom is obviously performance not necessarily, but, in storage, will produce loss difficult to the appraisal along with fruit maturation and premunition descend, even have refrigeration preferably to be provided with and bactericide processing preferably, also difficulty has fresh-keeping effect preferably.Therefore, the overall process that banana is packed, transported from gathering to all should be attached great importance to and prevent mechanical injury, reduces the mechanical damage of each link as far as possible.
Prevent that the mechanical injury method from can adopt when gathering one group of 2 people, 1 people breaks apart by chopping any of several broadleaf plants body earlier, and 1 people holds banana in addition, or shoulder drapes over one's shoulders the sponge cushion, holds up fruit ear, and then breaks apart by chopping the fruit axle.In large-scale any of several broadleaf plants garden, be transported to processing space with cableway after banana is gathered and reprocess.There is not the small-scale production Jiao Yuan of plant equipment, after banana is gathered, the comb that just falls in the field, and to spraying the protectant that prevents that milk from flowing out behind the wound, whole then comb any of several broadleaf plants is put in the plastic sack that has minute bubbles, puts into case again, is transported to processing space reprocessing then.
Three, clean and select fruit
Banana Stalk contains washiness, rots easily, and after gathering, comb and carry out Preservation Treatment should in time fall.
After banana was transported to processing factory, fruit can not be placed directly on the ground, as the comb that do not fall, to put in order the fringe banana in processing factory colludes with hook and slings, processing to be processed behind the comb that falls, is about to whole comb any of several broadleaf plants and puts into clear water reserviors, clean, in cleaning process, will there be damage by disease and insect, the irregular fruit of comb shape to remove, if comb is too big, need carry out the branch comb and handle, so that vanning.Flush away any of several broadleaf plants breast, dirt and removal residual flower will be put into chloride cleaning fluid again through the banana that cleans then simultaneously, and the cleaning fluid chlorinty is 0.05～0.1%, soaks 5～10 minutes, clean and the finishing otch.
Four, sterilization fresh-keeping is handled
Banana drains after cleaning treatment slightly, and the mixed liquor ratio of adding iprodione with 0.05～0.1% special gram is that 1: 1 sterilization fresh-keeping liquid soaked fruit 1 minute again.
Five, dry up, spray anticreep antistaling agent with paste little trade mark
Banana is placed on the conveyer belt after sterilization fresh-keeping is handled, and after drying up, spraying anticreep antistaling agent, anticreep can be selected antistaling agent the virtue holder antistaling agent of Agricultural University Of South China's production for use to every any of several broadleaf plants of combing any of several broadleaf plants, and spraying extension rate is 1: 9.Stick little trade mark again.
Six, fixed heavy, packing
The not only favourable fresh-keeping and transportation of good packing, and be to improve the requisite means of consumer's desire to purchase.The packing of banana can be selected the carton of enough hardness for use, pad bag film in the carton, and every case generally is advisable at 13 kilograms.Packing method is that banana is put into the low-density polyethylene film bag, and film thickness is 0.03～0.04, combs really to be close to side by side and places vertically, carpopodium is separated by with thin sponge paper between every comb and is wrapped up any of several broadleaf plants incision down, in case mechanical injury, put into the parcel ethylene absorbent again, prick upper bag mouth.The heavy banana of per kilogram is put into ethylene absorbent 3～5 grams.The virtue holder absorbent that the selected Agricultural University Of South China of absorbent produces.
Seven, precooling and Refrigerated Transport
Banana is a kind of tropical fruit (tree) with climacteric, be subject at low temperatures damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, when temperature is higher than 25 ℃, then can cause rascal heat, phenomenons such as high temperature scald, before transportation, earlier banana is put into freezer, under 11 ℃～15 ℃ temperature, carry out precooling, under 11～13 ℃ of temperature, carry out Refrigerated Transport then, as not carrying out the banana of precooling, and directly carry out Refrigerated Transport, though refrigerator car has refrigeration plant, banana fruit temperature is high, respiratory intensity is big, cooling is slow, and fruit still keeps higher temperature, occurs the green mature phenomenon easily in transportation.
Eight, accelerate the ripening
1. the room that accelerates the ripening accelerates the ripening
Earlier banana sack deblocking to be accelerated the ripening and heat up or lower the temperature processing, make the temperature in the banana pulp reach 16～20 ℃, putting into the pre-sterile-processed room arrangement of accelerating the ripening then lays, make and leave certain airspace between case and the case, seal the room that accelerates the ripening, the room imports ethylene gas to accelerating the ripening, gas concentration is 200～500ppm, open the room ventilation of accelerating the ripening after 24 hours, holding temperature is later on: 14～21 ℃ of pulp temperature, the humidity of accelerating the ripening is: the initial stage of the accelerating the ripening room relative moisture of accelerating the ripening is 90～95%, accelerates the ripening the later stage, and the room relative moisture of accelerating the ripening is about 85%.
2. medicament accelerates the ripening
(1) use ethrel as ripener, the ethrel water is split into 500～1000ppm solution, banana is put into solution soak back packing, or after putting into 500～1000ppm ethephon solution and soak into the stronger recycled writing paper of water absorbing force, be placed on above any of several broadleaf plants fruit in the FCL.
(2) the virtue holder ripener gasification of adopting Agricultural University Of South China to produce is accelerated the ripening, and banana is put into the room that accelerates the ripening by 1 method, with the pasteurising vessel virtue holder A liquid of packing into, pour virtue holder B liquid then into, occur smog immediately, close door this moment, open ventilation after 24 hours, fruit maturation after a couple of days.
The sale of can promptly going on the market of banana after accelerating the ripening.
The accelerate the ripening control of time of banana is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 is the banana time temperature control table that accelerates the ripening.
| The plan of accelerating the ripening | Pulp temperature ℃ | |||||||
| The 1st day | The 2nd day | The 3rd day | The 4th day | The 5th day | The 6th day | The 7th day | The 8th day | |
| 4 days | 21 | 21 | 20 | 19 | ||||
| 5 days | 20 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 18 | |||
| 6 days | 19 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | ||
| 7 days | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 |
| 8 days | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |
Claims (1)
1. banana storage fresh-keeping method, it is characterized in that being used for the storage fresh-keeping phase at 30-90 days banana, selecting plumpness is the banana employing of 70-85%, be used for the banana of storage fresh-keeping phase in 30 days, the selection plumpness is that the banana of 80-90% is gathered, prevent mechanical injury when gathering banana, receive the back and in time clean banana, remove any of several broadleaf plants breast, dirt and residual flower have been removed damage by disease and insect, the irregular banana of comb shape carries out sterilization and anticorrosion with chloride cleaning fluid, add the mixed liquor of iprodione after drying in the air slightly with the special gram of 0.05-0.1%, ratio is that 1: 1 sterilization fresh-keeping liquid soaked fruit 1 minute, after drying, and packing, precooling in 11～15 ℃, 11～13 ℃ of refrigeration and transportations down, under 16～21 ℃, accelerate the ripening with ripener.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00114144A CN1093742C (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Banana storing, transporting and preserving technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN00114144A CN1093742C (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Banana storing, transporting and preserving technology |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1267462A CN1267462A (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| CN1093742C true CN1093742C (en) | 2002-11-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN00114144A Expired - Fee Related CN1093742C (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2000-03-22 | Banana storing, transporting and preserving technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1717189B (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2011-12-28 | 江佳璟 | Improved fruit ripening display |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1600180B (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2010-09-01 | 广西壮族自治区水果生产技术指导总站 | Fixed type equipment of commercial treatment for picked bananas |
| CN1600181B (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2010-11-03 | 广西壮族自治区水果生产技术指导总站 | Mobile type equipment of commercial treatment for picked bananas |
| CN101347148B (en) * | 2008-08-23 | 2013-04-10 | 漳州市庄怡农业发展有限公司 | Banana fresh-keeping and variable-temperature gas-regulation ripening technique process flow |
| CN102986843A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2013-03-27 | 湖北省罗田县大自然生物科技有限公司 | Storage and preservation method for bananas |
| CN103141557B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-05-07 | 浦北县共和香蕉专业合作社 | Banana storage and transportation preservation method |
| CN106720269A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-05-31 | 唐翔 | A kind of banana storage fresh-keeping method |
| CN107251939A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-10-17 | 蚌埠市宝煦家庭农场 | A kind of summer banana store method |
| CN107318963A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-07 | 界首市海棠湾生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method for extending the calophyllum inophyllum holding time |
| CN108244228B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-07-30 | 华南农业大学 | Method for prolonging shelf life of bananas |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034464A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-08-09 | 广东省农业科学院 | Middle and high banana production technology |
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2000
- 2000-03-22 CN CN00114144A patent/CN1093742C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034464A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-08-09 | 广东省农业科学院 | Middle and high banana production technology |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1717189B (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2011-12-28 | 江佳璟 | Improved fruit ripening display |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1267462A (en) | 2000-09-27 |
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