CN109374160A - A kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load - Google Patents
A kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load Download PDFInfo
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- CN109374160A CN109374160A CN201811426371.0A CN201811426371A CN109374160A CN 109374160 A CN109374160 A CN 109374160A CN 201811426371 A CN201811426371 A CN 201811426371A CN 109374160 A CN109374160 A CN 109374160A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/02—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles
- G01G19/04—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles for weighing railway vehicles
- G01G19/042—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles for weighing railway vehicles having electrical weight-sensitive devices
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rail stress sensors for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load, it is characterised in that: includes the matrix and two rail clamps being connected to above matrix of rectangle;Blind hole there are two being respectively provided on the opposite front and rear end of matrix, and the blind hole of both ends of the surface is coaxially oppositely arranged one by one, and resistance strain gage is provided in blind hole, part where two coaxial blind holes of matrix is to shear girder construction.The matrix of double shear beam structure is installed on rail by the present invention by rail clamp, realize rail stress detection, when wheel is by rail section where rail stress sensor, wheel acts on rail, and forces acted on rail is deformed, and rail stress sensor acquires the variable quantity of rail stress, then the stress condition of wheel on the rail of both sides is analyzed, obtain rail truck whether overload or unbalance loading as a result, detection accuracy is high, testing result is accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pressure sensing arts, specifically a kind of rail stress sensing for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load
Device.
Background technique
Railway is chiefly used in the transport of long range, cheap to have obtained quick development because its speed is fast.When train is in
In the state of overload or unbalance loading, traffic accident is easily caused, the loss of life and property is caused.But the overload of vehicle on railway,
The detection of unbalance loading and gross weight, at present or by the way of parking detection, detection mode is troublesome and falls behind relatively.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of rail stress sensings for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load
Device, structure is simple, easy for installation, can acquire the variable quantity of rail stress in real time, so that acquiring data by stress reaches railway
The purpose of vehicle Super leaning load detection.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load includes that the matrix of rectangle and two connect
Rail clamp above matrix;Blind hole there are two being respectively provided on the opposite front and rear end of the matrix, and both ends of the surface is blind
Hole is coaxially oppositely arranged one by one, and resistance strain gage is provided in blind hole, and part where two coaxial blind holes of matrix is shear beam
Structure;The rail clamp includes switching beam, two clamping plates for being connected to switching beam both ends, and each clamping plate includes
There are vertical portion and bending part, it is blunt that the bottom end of bending part, which is connected to the top of vertical portion and the angle between bending part and vertical portion,
The top at angle, two clamping plate bending parts is oppositely arranged, and the bottom end of two clamping plate vertical portions is respectively fixedly connected with two in switching beam
End, the switching beam of two rail clamps are respectively fixedly connected on the upper surface at matrix both ends and switching beam and matrix are mutual
Vertical structure.
On the middle part of the matrix and it is located at the mounting hole being provided between two groups of coaxial blind holes up and down, support
Bolt passes through mounting hole from top to bottom.
The resistance strain gage selects two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages, in two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages
Two sheet resistance foil gauges are respectively arranged in two coaxial blind holes, and two two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages connection composition works
Make electric bridge.
Rail positioning hole is provided on its bending part of each clamping plate of the rail clamp.
Advantages of the present invention:
The matrix of double shear beam structure is installed on rail by the present invention by rail clamp, realizes rail stress detection,
When wheel is by rail section where rail stress sensor, wheel is acted on rail, and forces acted on rail is deformed, steel
Rail strain gauge acquires the variable quantity of rail stress, then analyzes the stress condition of wheel on the rail of both sides, obtains
Rail truck whether overload or unbalance loading as a result, detection accuracy is high, testing result is accurate;The present invention is small in size, is easily installed, and
The original structure of railway track is not changed, measurement accuracy reaches 0.3-0.5%, and service life can reach 1,000,000 times or so.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is main view of the invention.
Fig. 2 is side view of the invention.
Fig. 3 is bottom view of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram that the present invention is installed on rail.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of present invention work electric bridge.
Fig. 7 is the mechanical model schematic diagram of load shear beam.
Fig. 8 is the mechanical model schematic diagram of load pillar beam.
Fig. 9 is the strain zone position and stress envelope of shear beam part of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
See Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load, includes the matrix of rectangle
1 and two rail clamps for being connected to the top of matrix 1;Blind hole 11 there are two being respectively provided on the opposite front and rear end of matrix 1, and
The blind hole 11 of both ends of the surface is coaxially oppositely arranged one by one, and resistance strain gage, two coaxial blind holes 11 of matrix 1 are provided in blind hole 11
Place part is to shear girder construction, is provided with up and down on the middle part of matrix 1 and between two groups of coaxial blind holes 11
Mounting hole, carrying bolt 2 pass through mounting hole from top to bottom;Rail clamp includes switching beam 3, two and is connected to switching beam
The clamping plate 4 at 3 both ends, each clamping plate 4 include vertical portion and bending part, the bottom end of bending part be connected to the top of vertical portion and
Angle between bending part and vertical portion is obtuse angle, and the top of two 4 bending parts of clamping plate is oppositely arranged, each folder of rail clamp
Rail positioning hole 41 is provided on its bending part of plate 4, the bottom end of two clamping plate vertical portions is respectively fixedly connected in switching
The both ends of beam 3, the switching beam 3 of two rail clamps be respectively fixedly connected on the upper surface at 1 both ends of matrix and switching beam 3 with
Matrix 1 is orthogonal structure.
Wherein, resistance strain gage selects two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages (see Fig. 5), two semi-bridge type resistance-strains
Two sheet resistance foil gauges in piece are respectively arranged in two coaxial blind holes, and two two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages connections
It forms work electric bridge (see Fig. 6).
See Fig. 4, when installation, switching beam 3 and matrix 1 is respectively positioned on to the underface of rail 5, and the upper surface of switching beam is close to
The lower end surface of rail 5, the bolt head of the carrying bolt 2 in the middle part of matrix resist the lower end surface of rail 5, two clamping plates on rail clamp
Vertical portion be close to the bending parts of 5 side wall of rail and two clamping plates in the top of 5 rail bottom of rail and with 5 rail bottom of rail is fixed connects
It connects.
See Fig. 5, basic principle of the invention is analogous to general strain gauge transducer, but present invention employs two double strains
The resistance strain gage of piece is pasted onto the two sides of stressed plate.See Fig. 6, the present invention at work, R in foil gauge1Such as just sheared
Power, that R2Also by negative shearing force, and another pair strains the R in handling affairs3By positive shearing force, R4It is formed by negative shearing force, such as Fig. 6
Work electric bridge.
R is foil gauge impedance, and the matrix of rail stress sensor can generate deformation when by external force, cause
The foil gauge impedance being tightly attached on the intrinsic silicon wall of rail stress sensor linearly increaseds or decreases.There is external power supply (3-
In the case where 12VDC), the differential levels mv signal also linearly increasing reduction of output, sensor is sensitive by a group bridge, zeroing, trim
After degree, temperature compensation etc., signal=supply voltage x sensitivity of output.For example regulated power supply is 10VDC, transducer sensitivity is
1.5mv/V, the voltage=10x1.5=15mv exported when sensor is to full scale, if necessary to 0-5V (4-20mA etc.) master die
Quasi- signal is needed with signal adapter (transmitter).
Basic mechanical principle:
The matrix of rail stress sensor of the invention is a board-like type beam and machined two in beam both ends appropriate location
A blind hole, whole force measuring structure are shear beam, are the stress measurement mode of elastomer.The matrix of rail stress sensor is by outer
When forcing power, measurand can be deformed (strain) on object, can restore former again after external force removal
The shape and size come, i.e., it is this to be deformed into flexible deformation.Elastomer is one of the fundamental for constituting sensor, it is had
Basic physical property can be indicated with following equation:
A, σ=E × ε, be axial stress strain Hooke's law, i.e. the elastic modulus E of elastomer determine axial stress σ and
Linear relationship between axial strain ε.
b、ε1=μ × ε, elastomer other than generating axial strain ε, are accompanied by transverse direction under above-mentioned responsive to axial force
Strain stress1.Ratio Poisson's ratio μ between the two is party's number.
C, τ=G × γ is pure shear Hooke's law.When elastomer is by shearing force, by the shear stress on shear surface
The opposite angular strain γ generated between τ and section is in a linear relationship, and depends on the elastic shear modulus G of elastic material.
It is above-mentioned;There is following relationship between three characterisitic parameters E, G and μ of elastic material:
G=E/ (2 × (1+ μ)).
The matrix force analysis of rails strain gauge:
1., the matrix of rail stress sensor of the present invention can be simplified to both ends stress concentrfated load shear beam or pillar beam,
Mechanical model schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.The base structure of shear beam rail stress sensor deforms feelings when being under pressure
The deformation of condition, the pressure and sensor that are subject to is most directly proportional.When the matrix stress deformation of rail stress sensor, cause interior
The foil gauge in portion changes, and exports corresponding pressure signal.
2., the Stress calculation of intermediate stress load effect:
3., the shear stress of beam and shearing strain calculate
Shear beam sensor generally adds two blind holes (being partially formed shear beam), shear stress in the inflection point of strain beam
It can be calculated with Nikolay Zhuravsky formula:
The strain zone position and stress distribution of partial cut girder construction are as shown in Figure 9.
In above formula:
Shear Q:
Static moment S of the shearing section to axisy:
Moments of inertia J of the shearing section to axisy:
Then
The principal stress and principal strain in 45 ° of directions calculate, and the length variation of spool directional pressure at 45 °, exactly pure along beam
Principal direction of stress under shearing force state, principal stress and maximum shear stress, principal strain and maximum shear strain in following relationship:
Transducer sensitivity calculates:
In formula: K-- resistance strain gage sensitivity coefficient
The bulk technology parameter of rail stress sensor:
Range: (30+30) t;
Accuracy: 0.2%FS;
Operating voltage: 12VDC;
Output signal: (0-10) mV;
Operating temperature: -20 DEG C -70 DEG C;
Limiting pressure: >=(40+40) t;
Input impedance: 700 ± 20 Ω;
Output impedance: 700 ± 5 Ω;
Insulation resistance: >=5000M Ω;
It is non-linear: ± 0.3%FS;
Lag: ± 0.3%FS;
Repeatability: ± 0.5%FS.
A kind of rail truck Super leaning load detection method, has specifically included following steps:
Two rail stress sensors are installed on the rail of both sides and two rail stress sensors are along both sides rail
Central axes are symmetrical.When four, the vehicle wheel of axle eight all passes through rail stress sensor, the conversion of rail stress sensor
At one group of detection signal, signal is detected by analogue signal processor and A/D converter and is converted into digital signal, is then communicated to
Host data processor unit obtains testing result by data operation.The testing results such as weighting, the unbalance loading of vehicle pass through communication
System sends detection information and alarm signal to cargo chamber.
Data operation processing method:
1, it lays particular stress on: weighting=forecarriage weight-trailing bogie weight
2, unbalance loading:
Unbalance loading refers mainly to lateral unbalance loading, i.e. center of gravity of goods transversal displacement.
Unbalance loading=(light weight ÷ goods weight+1) × 746.5 × vehicle unbalance loading rate=[light weight ÷ (vehicle gross weight
Amount-light weight)+1] × 746.5 × vehicle unbalance loading rate
Wherein, vehicle unbalance loading rate=(4, left side wheel load-bearing -4, the right wheel load-bearing) ÷ vehicle total weight
3, it overloads:
Overload=goods weight-vehicle nominal weight=(vehicle total weight-light weight)-vehicle nominal weight.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load, it is characterised in that: include the matrix of rectangle
The rail clamp being connected to above matrix with two;Blind hole there are two being respectively provided on the opposite front and rear end of the matrix, and
The blind hole of both ends of the surface is coaxially oppositely arranged one by one, and resistance strain gage, two coaxial blind hole place portions of matrix are provided in blind hole
It is divided into shearing girder construction;The rail clamp includes switching beam, two clamping plates for being connected to switching beam both ends, each
Clamping plate includes vertical portion and bending part, and the bottom end of bending part is connected to the top of vertical portion and between bending part and vertical portion
Angle be obtuse angle, the top of two clamping plate bending parts is oppositely arranged, the bottom end of two clamping plate vertical portions be respectively fixedly connected in
The both ends of switching beam, the switching beam of two rail clamps be respectively fixedly connected on the upper surface at matrix both ends and switching beam with
Matrix is orthogonal structure.
2. a kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load according to claim 1, feature exist
In: on the middle part of the matrix and it is located at the mounting hole being provided between two groups of coaxial blind holes up and down, carrying bolt
Mounting hole is passed through from top to bottom.
3. a kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the resistance strain gage selects two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages, two in two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages
Resistance strain gage is respectively arranged in two coaxial blind holes, and two two semi-bridge type resistance strain gages connection composition work electricity
Bridge.
4. a kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load according to claim 1, feature exist
In: rail positioning hole is provided on its bending part of each clamping plate of the rail clamp.
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CN201811426371.0A CN109374160A (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2018-11-27 | A kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load |
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CN201811426371.0A CN109374160A (en) | 2018-11-27 | 2018-11-27 | A kind of rail stress sensor for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110220621A (en) * | 2019-07-20 | 2019-09-10 | 安徽华立远望智能科技有限公司 | A kind of rail head of rail formula strain gauge for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load |
CN113091867A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 郑州铁路职业技术学院 | Railway vehicle overload and unbalanced load detection system |
CN113108885A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏泰力机械科技有限公司 | Track overload and unbalance loading detection device |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110220621A (en) * | 2019-07-20 | 2019-09-10 | 安徽华立远望智能科技有限公司 | A kind of rail head of rail formula strain gauge for the detection of rail truck Super leaning load |
CN113108885A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏泰力机械科技有限公司 | Track overload and unbalance loading detection device |
CN113091867A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-07-09 | 郑州铁路职业技术学院 | Railway vehicle overload and unbalanced load detection system |
CN113091867B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-02-03 | 郑州铁路职业技术学院 | Railway vehicle overload and unbalanced load detection system |
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