CN109372882A - It is a kind of can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force - Google Patents
It is a kind of can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force Download PDFInfo
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- CN109372882A CN109372882A CN201811396342.4A CN201811396342A CN109372882A CN 109372882 A CN109372882 A CN 109372882A CN 201811396342 A CN201811396342 A CN 201811396342A CN 109372882 A CN109372882 A CN 109372882A
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- Prior art keywords
- washer
- strain sensitive
- pretightning force
- bolt
- sensitive layer
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/161—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/243—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using washers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
- F16B2200/95—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass with markings, colours, indicators or the like
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is that one kind can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, the washer is deformable washer, compared to common standard washer, the washer can amplify the axial compressive force suffered by it, convenient for the detection to gasket construction deflection, four strain sensitive layers (4) then are prepared on the surface of washer and connect into favour stone wheatstone bridge, measure the voltage of favour stone wheatstone bridge, reflect the deflection of washer with the voltage of favour stone wheatstone bridge, and then obtains bolt pretightening；This kind of washer can carry out real-time monitoring to bolt pretightening, particularly suitable for the bolt pretightening detection to work in machine, can find the situation of change of bolt pretightening in time, carry out control and prediction to the failure of bolt.In addition, this kind of washer will not change the installation form and essential characteristic of washer, while will not obviously increase the overall weight and volume of structure, the method for this structure and function integration has very wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of can be belonged to the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force and mechanical be bolted field.
Background technique
Pretension bolt connection is connection scheme relatively conventional in aero-engine multistage turbine.Turbine part is filled
Timing needs to apply axial pre tightening force appropriate to bolt, and the application of pretightning force is completed by torque spanner, and pretightning force is big
Then dynamic loading influences small, and the small then dynamic loading of pretightning force influences big.But pretightning force is excessive, will lead to the decline of structural-load-carrying capacity,
Screw thread can occur under the effect of arrangement works load and surrender, loosen, delayed fracture for bolt, and then thing can occur because of bolt fracture
Therefore；Pretightning force is too small, and connected component can generate gap or loosening under service load effect, makes structure cisco unity malfunction.
In addition, connection bolt fracture, loosen will change structure coupling stiffness continuity and consistency, change structure Integral modes,
Even result in structure disintegration；In addition, pretightning force control is uneven, the bolt strained unevenness of connection will lead to, individual connection bolts are super
Design load is crossed, causes to connect the decline of bolt group integral strength, rotor structure Joint failure.So bolt pretightening is accurate
Working performance and service life of the control planning to engine, the test method for studying pretightning force are significant.
Currently, doing a lot in terms of the determination and control of connection bolt pretightening both at home and abroad, conventional spiral shell is formd
The relevant design specification of bolt has the more perfect method for determining connection bolt pretightening.The preload determined according to design specification
Power, to carry out the installation of bolt.But in actual use, since the working environment of aero-engine is complicated and changeable, bolt
The extraneous load being subject to also constantly changes, and causes pretightning force that can also change, and such bolt occurs surrender, loosens and break
The probability split increases.The failure of threaded connection then can cause to seriously threaten to the flight safety of engine and aircraft, therefore having must
Real-time monitoring is carried out to the pretightning force of threaded connection, to guarantee that aero-engine is run with security and stability.
At present for the control of bolt pretightening and measurement, there are mainly two types of methods, and one is carried out by torque spanner
Guarantee, another kind is to be detected using ultrasonic technology to the axial tension performance of bolt.Both methods all exists at present
Some defects.Using torque spanner, even if being pre-tightened under given torque, but due to the coefficient of friction difference between bolt and connector
It is very big, therefore stretching to pre-tighten also has very big discrepancy.And torque spanner is suitable for stay bolt, and it is below in 200mm for length
Pre-tightening precision can significantly reduce.Ultrasonic detection technology is by applying ultrasonic signal to bolt, by detecting ultrasonic wave frequency
Rate or bolt length detect tensile property.The length or frequency of bolt when this method need to know unstressed, this is for engineering
On the bolt that has fastened be difficult to accomplish.And ultrasound examination all assumes that equally distributed simple stress when stress, but real
In border due to the limitation of bolt arrangement or external applied load, it cannot be guaranteed that simple stress, this just needs one correction means.
Moreover, for some bolts by bending power, precision is not intended to as so high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention exactly be directed to above-mentioned problems of the prior art and design provide one kind can be pre- with monitoring bolt
The washer of clamp force, the purpose is to pass through washer monitoring bolt pretightning force, and washer not will increase the entirety weight of bolt fastening structure
Amount, will not influence the normal assembly of bolt.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
This kind can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: the structure of the washer is one of following two:
The first: forming a ring-type, hollow evagination 1, which is among the side wall of washer
" u "-shaped, when washer is by axial compressive force, the deformation at the outermost end of the " u "-shaped evagination 1 is larger；
Second: processing an outer annular groove 2 on the top of washer lateral wall, process one in the lower part of washer inner sidewall
Interior annular groove 3, when washer is by axial compressive force, the deformation of the side wall middle of washer is larger；
Biggish position, which is deformed, in the first structure and the first structure of above-mentioned washer prepares a strain sensitive layer
4, strain sensitive layer 4 and beaded insulation, the resistance value of strain sensitive layer 4 can change with strain, the of above-mentioned washer
Three identical strain sensitive layers 4 with beaded insulation are prepared on the outer surface of a kind of structure and second of structure again, it will be described
Four strain sensitive layers 4 connect into a favour stone wheatstone bridge, the voltage of favour stone wheatstone bridge are measured, with favour stone single armed
The deflection of the voltage reflection washer of electric bridge, and then obtain bolt pretightening；
4 material of strain sensitive layer is metal alloy, and the strain factor of the metal alloy compositions is greater than 1.2, resistance temperature
It spends coefficient and is less than 200ppm/K.
Further, in the first structure of washer, the radial maximum gauge of washer evagination 1 is the 1.5 of washer diameter of bore
~3 times.
Further, in second of structure of washer, the depth of the outer annular groove 2 and interior annular groove 3 is washer side thickness
The 1/3~2/3 of degree.
Further, the method for preparing strain sensitive layer 4 is surface coating, and the surface coating technique is ion implanting, electricity
Beamlet evaporation, ion beam assisted depositing, magnetron sputtering, spraying.
Further, paving is on the outer surface of washer after the material of strain sensitive layer 4 is prepared into film.
Further, the insulating resistance value between strain sensitive layer 4 and washer is greater than 1M Ω.
Further, metal alloy compositions used in strain sensitive layer 4 are nisiloy, constantan, platinum rhodium, palladium chromium, siderochrome.
It the features of the present invention and has the beneficial effect that
1. the present invention devises two kinds of deformable pad coil structures, compared to common standard washer, which can amplify its institute
The axial compressive force received, convenient for the detection to gasket construction deflection；
2. washer of the present invention will not change the installation form and essential characteristic of washer, while will not obviously increase
The method of the overall weight and volume of structure, this structure and function integration has very wide application prospect；
3. washer of the present invention can carry out real-time monitoring to bolt pretightening, particularly suitable for the bolt to work in machine
Pretightning force detection, can find the situation of change of bolt pretightening in time, carry out control and prediction to the failure of bolt.
4. in the present invention, binding force is greater than 20MPa pulling method between the strain sensitive layer 4 and washer.
5. it is of the invention can with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, can with monitoring bolt pretightning force size for 10000N~
100000N。
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the first structure of washer of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of second of structure of washer of the present invention
Fig. 3 is position and the connection schematic diagram of the strain sensitive layer in the first structure of washer of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for the favour stone wheatstone bridge that strain sensitive layer connects into Fig. 3
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention will be further described by drawings and examples below:
Embodiment one
It is as follows to prepare the step of this kind can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force:
Step 1: referring to figure 1, the washer of processing and the cooperation of M6 bolt, material is 45# steel, the side wall of the washer
Centre forms a ring-type, hollow evagination 1, and the section of evagination 1 radially is " U "-shaped, when washer is by axial compressive force,
Deformation at the outermost end of the " u "-shaped evagination 1 is larger, the radial maximum gauge of washer evagination 1 be washer diameter of bore 1.5~
3 times；
Step 2: using plasma spraying technology to prepare aluminum oxide coating layer as insulating layer, oxygen in above-mentioned bead outer surface
Change aluminium with a thickness of 50 μm, resistance value is 1M Ω；
Step 3: in the larger position of deformation of the above-mentioned washer for having prepared insulating coating, using ion beam assisted depositing skill
Art prepares a strain sensitive layer 4, which is constantan, and strain factor is greater than 1.2, temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance
Less than 200ppm/K；
Step 4: preparing three identical strain sensitive layers 4 with beaded insulation again on the outer surface of above-mentioned washer, such as
Shown in Fig. 3；
Step 5: four strain sensitive layers 4 are connected into a favour stone single armed by material for Copper thin film conducting wire
Electric bridge；As shown in Figure 4；
Means connecting lead wire 5 is covered Step 6: melting using laser, draws the voltage value of favour stone wheatstone bridge；
Step 7: M6 bolt and the washer are installed on structural member and are loaded pretightning force, ultrasonic detection method is used
To determine the pretightning force when front bolt, the relation curve of drafting surveyed pretightning force and favour stone wheatstone bridge voltage, to the pad
Circle is demarcated；
Step 8: according to the calibration curve of step 6, so that it may reflect bolt pretightening with the voltage of favour stone wheatstone bridge,
Pretightning force monitoring range is 1000~2500N.
Embodiment two
It is as follows to prepare the step of this kind can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force:
Step 1: the washer of processing and the cooperation of M10 bolt, material is GH128 steel, outside the washer referring to shown in attached drawing 2
The top of side wall processes an outer annular groove 2, processes an interior annular groove 3 in the lower part of the washer inner sidewall, when washer by
When axial compressive force, the deformation of the side wall middle of washer is larger；
Step 2: using magnetron sputtering technique preparation Al2O3/AlN multilayer film as insulating layer in above-mentioned bead outer surface
5, with a thickness of 10 μm, resistance value is 2M Ω；
Step 3: in the larger position of deformation of the above-mentioned washer for having prepared insulating coating, using electron beam evaporation technique system
A standby strain sensitive layer 4,4 material of strain sensitive layer are nisiloy, and strain factor is greater than 1.2, and temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance is less than
200ppm/K；
Step 4: preparing three identical strain sensitive layers 4 with beaded insulation again on the outer surface of above-mentioned washer；
Step 5: using four strain sensitive layers 4 by diameter be 0.5mm silver wire as conducting wire connect into a favour this
Logical wheatstone bridge；
Step 6: drawing the voltage value of favour stone wheatstone bridge using conductive silver glue connecting lead wire 5；
Step 7: M10 bolt and the washer are installed on structural member and are loaded pretightning force, ultrasonic detection method is used
To determine the pretightning force when front bolt, the relation curve of drafting surveyed pretightning force and favour stone wheatstone bridge voltage, to the pad
Circle is demarcated；
Step 8: according to the calibration curve of step 6, so that it may reflect bolt pretightening with the voltage of favour stone wheatstone bridge,
Pretightning force monitoring range is 3000~5500N.
Claims (7)
1. one kind can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: the structure of the washer is one of following two:
The first: forming a ring-type, hollow evagination (1), which is among the side wall of washer
" u "-shaped, when washer is by axial compressive force, the deformation at the outermost end of the " u "-shaped evagination (1) is larger；
Second: processing an outer annular groove (2) on the top of washer lateral wall, processed in one in the lower part of washer inner sidewall
Annular groove (3), when washer is by axial compressive force, the deformation of the side wall middle of washer is larger；
Biggish position, which is deformed, in the first structure and the first structure of above-mentioned washer prepares a strain sensitive layer (4),
The resistance value of strain sensitive layer (4) and beaded insulation, strain sensitive layer (4) can change with strain, in above-mentioned washer
Three identical strain sensitive layers (4) with beaded insulation are prepared on the outer surface of the first structure and second of structure again, it will
Four strain sensitive layers (4) connect into a favour stone wheatstone bridge, measure the voltage of favour stone wheatstone bridge；
Strain sensitive layer (4) material is metal alloy, and the strain factor of the metal alloy compositions is greater than 1.2, resistance temperature
Coefficient is less than 200ppm/K.
2. according to claim 1 can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: the first structure of washer
In, the radial maximum gauge of washer evagination (1) is 1.5~3 times of washer diameter of bore.
3. according to claim 1 can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: second of structure of washer
In, the depth of the outer annular groove (2) and interior annular groove (3) is the 1/3~2/3 of washer sidewall thickness.
4. according to claim 1 can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: prepare strain sensitive layer
(4) method is surface coating, and the surface coating technique is ion implanting, electron beam evaporation, ion beam assisted depositing, magnetic control
Sputtering, spraying.
5. according to claim 1 can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: strain sensitive layer (4)
Paving is on the outer surface of washer after material is prepared into film.
6. according to claim 1 can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: strain sensitive layer (4) with
Insulating resistance value between washer is greater than 1M Ω.
7. according to claim 1 can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force, it is characterised in that: strain sensitive layer (4) institute
It is nisiloy, constantan, platinum rhodium, palladium chromium, siderochrome with metal alloy compositions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811396342.4A CN109372882A (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | It is a kind of can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811396342.4A CN109372882A (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | It is a kind of can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109372882A true CN109372882A (en) | 2019-02-22 |
Family
ID=65382681
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811396342.4A Pending CN109372882A (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2018-11-21 | It is a kind of can be with the washer of monitoring bolt pretightning force |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110095146A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-08-06 | 华北水利水电大学 | Venting of dust explosion wall monitoring device and its method for arranging with MEMS sensor-based system |
| CN110243505A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-17 | 法施达科技有限公司 | A kind of pressure sensor washer |
| CN111678627A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-18 | 北京交通大学 | Stress test method for shield tunnel segment connecting bolt |
| CN112326090A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 西安工程大学 | Real-time not hard up degree monitoring devices of transmission tower bolt |
| CN113530957A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-22 | 西南科技大学 | Nut anti-loosening gasket assembly and bolt tightness wireless monitoring system thereof |
| CN113719504A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-30 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Composite material interface connecting structure and method |
| US20220057282A1 (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2022-02-24 | Sintef Tto As | Assembly and method for measuring strain in a washer |
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Application publication date: 20190222 |