CN110954260A - Gasket type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretightening force - Google Patents
Gasket type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretightening force Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110954260A CN110954260A CN201911185795.7A CN201911185795A CN110954260A CN 110954260 A CN110954260 A CN 110954260A CN 201911185795 A CN201911185795 A CN 201911185795A CN 110954260 A CN110954260 A CN 110954260A
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- elastic body
- polar plate
- pressure sensor
- gasket
- type pressure
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920004738 ULTEM® Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/243—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using washers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于检测螺栓预紧力的垫片型压力传感器，包括上盖和壳体，上盖内嵌于壳体的顶部，所述上盖与壳体之间依次安装有第一弹性体、上极板、第二弹性体，第一弹性体、上极板和第二弹性体的中心位置分别开设有大小一致的第二圆孔，上极板连接有用于测量电容值的交流测量仪器，上盖和壳体共同构成下极板，上极板与下极板之间不存在接触，当第一弹性体和/或第二弹性体受压变形时，上极板与下极板之间的间距发生变化，使得上极板与下极板之间产生的电容值发生变化，根据电容值的变化，以检测螺栓预紧力。与现有技术相比，本发明利用弹性体和平行板电容器为基本力电转换结构，结合交流测量仪器，能够实时准确地检测螺栓预紧力。
The invention relates to a gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pre-tightening force, comprising an upper cover and a casing, the upper cover is embedded in the top of the casing, and a first The elastic body, the upper pole plate and the second elastic body, the first elastic body, the upper pole plate and the second elastic body are respectively provided with a second circular hole of the same size at the center positions, and the upper pole plate is connected with an alternating current for measuring the capacitance value. The measuring instrument, the upper cover and the casing together form the lower pole plate, there is no contact between the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate, when the first elastic body and/or the second elastic body is deformed under pressure, the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate The spacing between the plates changes, so that the capacitance value generated between the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate changes, and the bolt pre-tightening force is detected according to the change of the capacitance value. Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes an elastic body and a parallel plate capacitor as the basic force-electricity conversion structure, and combined with an AC measuring instrument, can accurately detect the bolt pre-tightening force in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pressure sensors, in particular to a gasket type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretightening force.
Background
High-strength bolts are widely applied to the industrial fields of civil construction, mechanical installation and the like, the pretightening force of the high-strength bolts usually reaches tens of tons or even twenty tons, and the load is huge, so that the safety requirement on fastening joints is high, and when the bolts are used as fastening pieces at key positions, the axial stress of the bolts, namely the pretightening force of the bolts, is usually required to be accurately detected and controlled so as to ensure the safety and the reliability of the connection.
The traditional bolt pretightening force measuring method comprises a torque wrench and an ultrasonic force measuring method, wherein the axial force measured by the torque wrench is unreliable, and firstly, the torque wrench needs to be regularly checked and maintained, and secondly, the torque wrench is easily influenced by other factors in practical application; the ultrasonic detection of the axial stress of the bolt has great limitation, and is not suitable for the conditions of vacuum environment, high-temperature environment and complex mechanical structure, so that the bolt pretightening force is usually detected by using a bolt monitoring sensor at present, but when the existing bolt detection sensor is applied to the pretightening force condition of a high-strength bolt up to dozens of tons, the measurement precision is low, the real-time detection is difficult to realize, the abnormal condition of the pretightening force of the bolt cannot be timely found, and the safety accident is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a gasket type pressure sensor capable of detecting the pretightening force of a bolt in real time.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a gasket type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretightening force comprises an upper cover and a shell, wherein the upper cover is embedded in the top of the shell, first round holes with the same size are respectively formed in the central position of the upper cover and the central position of the bottom of the shell, a first elastic body, an upper polar plate and a second elastic body are sequentially arranged between the upper cover and the shell, second round holes with the same size are respectively formed in the central positions of the first elastic body, the upper polar plate and the second elastic body, the upper polar plate is connected with an alternating current measuring instrument for measuring capacitance values, the upper cover and the shell jointly form a lower polar plate, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are not in contact, when the first elastic body and/or the second elastic body are pressed and deformed, the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate is changed, so that the capacitance value generated between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate is changed, and detecting the bolt pretightening force according to the change of the capacitance value.
Furthermore, the diameter of the second round hole is larger than that of the first round hole, an inner ring for guiding and positioning is sleeved in the first round hole, and an isolating ring for insulation is sleeved between the inner ring and the second round hole so as to ensure that the upper pole plate and the inner ring are not in contact conduction.
Further, the first elastic body covers the upper portion of the upper pole plate and wraps the side face of the upper pole plate, the top of the first elastic body is abutted to the bottom of the upper cover, the bottom of the second elastic body is abutted to the inner bottom face of the shell, the thickness of one side, close to the isolating ring, of the first elastic body is the same as that of the second elastic body, and therefore the linear change of the first elastic body and the linear change of the second elastic body in the compression direction are the same.
Further, the outer diameters of the first elastic body and the second elastic body are smaller than the inner diameter of the shell, so that the space allowance of the first elastic body and/or the second elastic body in compression deformation is ensured.
Furthermore, a threaded through hole is formed in the outer side of the shell, the axis of the threaded through hole is flush with the axial center face of the upper polar plate, a signal connector is installed in the threaded through hole, and a signal wire used for connecting the upper polar plate and the alternating current measuring instrument is arranged in the signal connector.
Further, the side of the upper plate is provided with a plane structure for connecting signal wires, so that the reliability of connection compaction is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the upper cover, the shell and the upper polar plate are made of carbon steel materials.
Further, the first elastomer and the second elastomer both adopt Ultem plus glass fiber reinforced materials.
Further, the isolating ring is made of rubber materials.
Further, the alternating current measuring instrument is an alternating current bridge.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention adopts a way of measuring capacitance in real time to detect the pretightening force of the bolt in real time, changes the pretightening force into the change of the capacitance value by arranging the first elastic body and the second elastic body and combining the capacitance formed between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, and the force-electricity conversion is directly stable.
In addition, the upper cover and the shell form the lower polar plate, and the upper polar plate is arranged between the upper cover and the shell, so that a double-layer symmetrical parallel capacitor structure is formed, the total capacitance is increased, and the measurement accuracy can be further effectively improved.
The invention adopts the signal connector, can be used for the alternating current measuring instrument to measure and monitor the capacitance in real time, the upper cover and the shell are jointly used as the lower polar plate to be connected with the ground, and the upper polar plate can normally receive alternating current or pulse signals transmitted by the signal connector to finish reliable and accurate measurement of the capacitance, thereby timely detecting the abnormal condition of the bolt pretightening force and ensuring the engineering safety.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic external view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention with the structure broken away;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the actual installation effect of the present invention in the embodiment;
the notation in the figure is: 1. the device comprises an upper cover, 2, a shell, 3, an upper polar plate, 4, a first elastic body, 5, a second elastic body, 6, a separating ring, 7, an inner ring, 8 and a signal joint.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretension includes an upper cover 1, a housing 2, an upper plate 3, a first elastic body 4, a second elastic body 5, a spacer ring 6, an inner ring 7, and a signal connector 8.
The upper cover 1 is embedded in the top of the shell 2, namely the outer diameter of the upper cover 1 is equal to the inner diameter of the shell 2, the diameters of the upper cover 1 and the shell 2 are matched, and the upper cover 1 and the shell 2 can be coated with an upper polar plate 3, a first elastic body 4 and a second elastic body 5 after being aligned with each other, the upper cover 1 and the shell 2 are made of carbon steel materials, a circuit can be grounded when the upper cover 1 and the shell 2 are connected with a fastening piece, and the upper cover 1 and the shell 2 jointly;
the outer side of the shell 2 is provided with a threaded through hole, the axis of the threaded through hole is aligned with the axial central plane of the upper polar plate 3 and is used for installing a signal connector 8, the outer ring thread of the signal connector 8 is installed in a matching way with the threaded through hole of the shell 2, the inner center of the signal connector 8 is provided with a signal wire insulated and separated from the outer ring, the signal wire is connected to the outer side surface of the upper polar plate 3 and is well compacted so as to ensure the conductivity, the upper polar plate 3 is flattened at one side surface to form a planar knot suitable for being connected and compacted so as to be connected with the signal wire, and the;
the first elastic body 4 and the second lower elastic body 5 are both made of Ultem and glass fiber reinforced materials, have moderate elastic modulus, can be used as good dielectric and elastic bodies, meet Hooke's law, and can keep the linear relation between the pressure at two ends and the deformation in the stress direction in a small range;
the first elastic body 4 surrounds the upper polar plate 3 at the outer side and is in contact with the lower polar plate, and the thicknesses of the first elastic body 4 and the second elastic body 5 in the axial projection area of the upper polar plate 3 are completely consistent, so that the linear changes of the first elastic body 4 and the second elastic body 5 in the compression direction are the same;
the upper polar plate 3 is made of a carbon steel sheet, the diameter of the upper polar plate is slightly smaller than the diameter of the inner sections of the upper cover 1 and the shell 2, and the upper polar plate is not contacted with the upper cover 1 and the shell 2;
the isolating ring 6 is arranged between the upper cover 1 and the shell 2, is made of a rubber material with low elastic modulus, has good insulating effect and ensures that the upper polar plate 3 and the inner ring 7 cannot be in contact conduction in use;
the inner ring 7 is made of carbon steel, and the outer side of the inner ring 7 is matched with the upper cover 1, the isolating ring 6 and the shell 2 in size and used for guiding and positioning;
in addition, the parts in axial contact in the whole structure are bonded by the adhesive, so that the structure is prevented from being separated when placed.
After the installation of the structure is completed, a standard instrument is needed to calibrate the pressure sensor, and when the pressure sensor is actually used, the specific installation process is as follows:
1. normally installing a high-strength bolt fastener, installing a flat gasket, and not installing a nut;
2. the gasket type pressure sensor is put in and clings to the flat gasket;
3. continuing to install the nut, fastening, finishing the installation of the fastener, and achieving the installation effect as shown in fig. 4;
4. and then, the signal connector 8 is connected with an external monitoring system through a signal wire (such as an antenna), the capacitance value between the upper polar plate 3 and the lower polar plate is obtained by using an alternating current measuring instrument, and a pressure value, namely the pretightening force of the high-strength bolt fastener, can be obtained through conversion according to a linear relation.
In summary, according to the gasket-type pressure sensor provided by the invention, the pressure at the two ends of the sensor is measured through the stress-strain relationship of the elastic material and the dielectric property of the dielectric material, and the capacitance data is obtained by the external ac measuring instrument. The invention can be used as a gasket to be directly installed in a high-strength bolt fastener, monitors the change of the pretightening force of the bolt in real time, ensures the safety and reliability of bolt connection in a high-pressure state, and can be used in large projects such as high-load engineering projects of building buildings, large engineering machinery and the like. When the high-strength bolt fastening piece is used, the high-strength bolt fastening piece is sleeved with the high-strength bolt fastening piece, the signal connector is connected with the alternating-current measuring instrument, when the fastening piece is under the action of normal pretightening force, the capacitance is at a normal value, when the pressure at two ends of the sensor is reduced, the capacitance is reduced, if the pressure is lower than a set value, the fastening piece is damaged or deformed, the high-strength bolt fastening piece can be timely processed, and the overall engineering safety is ensured.
Claims (10)
1. A gasket type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretightening force is characterized by comprising an upper cover (1) and a shell (2), wherein the upper cover (1) is embedded in the top of the shell (2), first round holes with the same size are respectively formed in the central position of the upper cover (1) and the central position of the bottom of the shell (2), a first elastic body (4), an upper polar plate (3) and a second elastic body (5) are sequentially arranged between the upper cover (1) and the shell (2), second round holes with the same size are respectively formed in the central positions of the first elastic body (4), the upper polar plate (3) and the second elastic body (5), the upper polar plate (3) is connected with an alternating current measuring instrument for measuring capacitance values, the upper cover (1) and the shell (2) jointly form a lower polar plate, and no contact exists between the upper polar plate (3) and the lower polar plate, when the first elastic body (4) and/or the second elastic body (5) are pressed to deform, the distance between the upper polar plate (3) and the lower polar plate changes, so that the capacitance value generated between the upper polar plate (3) and the lower polar plate changes, and the bolt pretightening force is detected according to the change of the capacitance value.
2. The gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting the pretightening force of the bolt according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the second round hole is larger than that of the first round hole, an inner ring (7) for guiding and positioning is sleeved in the first round hole, and an isolating ring (6) for insulation is sleeved between the inner ring (7) and the second round hole to ensure that the upper pole plate (3) and the inner ring (7) are not in contact conduction.
3. The gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting the pretightening force of the bolt according to claim 1, wherein the first elastic body (4) covers the upper side of the upper pole plate (3) and wraps the side surface of the upper pole plate (3), the top of the first elastic body (4) is abutted against the bottom of the upper cover (1), the bottom of the second elastic body (5) is abutted against the inner bottom surface of the shell (2), and the thickness of the side, close to the isolating ring (6), of the first elastic body (4) is the same as that of the second elastic body (5), so as to ensure that the linear changes of the first elastic body (4) and the second elastic body (5) in the compression direction are the same.
4. The gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretension according to claim 3, wherein the outer diameters of the first elastic body (4) and the second elastic body (5) are smaller than the inner diameter of the housing (2) so as to ensure a space allowance for the deformation of the first elastic body (4) and/or the second elastic body (5) under pressure.
5. The gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting the pretightening force of the bolt according to claim 1, wherein a threaded through hole is formed in the outer side of the housing (2), the axis of the threaded through hole is flush with the axial center plane of the upper polar plate (3), a signal connector (8) is installed in the threaded through hole, and a signal wire for connecting the upper polar plate (3) with an alternating current measuring instrument is arranged in the signal connector (8).
6. The gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretension according to claim 5, wherein the side surface of the upper plate is provided with a planar structure for connecting signal lines to ensure the reliability of connection compaction.
7. The gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretightening force according to claim 1, wherein the upper cover (1), the housing (2) and the upper pole plate (3) are made of carbon steel.
8. Gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretension according to claim 1, characterized in that the first elastomer (4) and the second elastomer (5) are made of Ultem plus glass fiber reinforced material.
9. Gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretension according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer ring (6) is made of rubber material.
10. The gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt pretension according to claim 1, wherein said ac measuring instrument is an ac bridge.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911185795.7A CN110954260B (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | A gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt preload |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911185795.7A CN110954260B (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | A gasket-type pressure sensor for detecting bolt preload |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110954260A true CN110954260A (en) | 2020-04-03 |
| CN110954260B CN110954260B (en) | 2022-04-05 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112326090A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 西安工程大学 | Real-time not hard up degree monitoring devices of transmission tower bolt |
| CN112924074A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 同济大学 | Fan-shaped differential capacitance type gasket type pressure sensor |
| CN112924073A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 同济大学 | Strain type bolt pretightening force gasket sensor based on cantilever structure increase deformation |
| CN113768317A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-10 | 八乐梦床业株式会社 | Mattress and sensor system |
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| CN113768317A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-10 | 八乐梦床业株式会社 | Mattress and sensor system |
| CN112326090A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-05 | 西安工程大学 | Real-time not hard up degree monitoring devices of transmission tower bolt |
| CN112924074A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 同济大学 | Fan-shaped differential capacitance type gasket type pressure sensor |
| CN112924073A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 同济大学 | Strain type bolt pretightening force gasket sensor based on cantilever structure increase deformation |
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