CN109361433B - Beam training method of indoor multi-user terahertz communication system with subarray cooperation - Google Patents

Beam training method of indoor multi-user terahertz communication system with subarray cooperation Download PDF

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CN109361433B
CN109361433B CN201811452132.2A CN201811452132A CN109361433B CN 109361433 B CN109361433 B CN 109361433B CN 201811452132 A CN201811452132 A CN 201811452132A CN 109361433 B CN109361433 B CN 109361433B
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time slot
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CN109361433A (en
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张华�
张仁民
许威
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H04B7/043—Power distribution using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming

Abstract

The invention discloses a wave beam training method of an indoor multi-user terahertz communication system with sub-array cooperation, which comprises two stages, wherein the first stage is a multi-sub-array parallel finite search stage, and all multi-sub-arrays of a user access point are traversed through the whole angle domain in a parallel time-sharing manner in the stage, so that all served users feed back time slot sequence numbers with the maximum received signal power after the search in the first stage is finished; and in the second stage, a single sub-array searches a subspace in series, determines the angle of a user and the time slot sequence number when the power of a received signal is maximum in the feedback second stage, constructs a user angle index vector according to the feedback vector obtained in the second stage and the indication vector obtained in the first stage, and configures an analog beam forming matrix. The invention has no special requirements on the number of the access point multiple sub-arrays, the number of the antennas in each sub-array and the distance between the antennas, is suitable for a typically configured indoor multi-user frequency division duplex terahertz communication system, and can effectively reduce the wave beam training overhead.

Description

Beam training method of indoor multi-user terahertz communication system with subarray cooperation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless communication technology, in particular to a beam training method of an indoor multi-user terahertz communication system with sub-array cooperation.
Background
The increase of the types of intelligent mobile equipment and the expansion of mobile service types present unprecedented demands for the expansion of mobile communication access capacity. As one of means for effectively improving communication capacity, development of a new high-frequency band unexplored spectrum resource, terahertz (THz), attracts extensive interests in the industry and the scientific research community. In fact, with the research and development of the related downstream ic design and manufacturing process in the frequency band, the related art of the frequency band has been listed as the selection techniques of B5G and 6G. However, while having abundant spectrum resources, the transmission loss of the frequency band becomes very serious compared to the currently operating microwave band. In order to overcome the severe transmission conditions, it is inevitable to mount large-scale arrays at the two ends of the communication transceiver. Meanwhile, with the drastic increase of the number of antennas, new challenges in terms of hardware complexity, channel estimation and the like are brought. The proposal of the hybrid precoding structure breaks through the technical bottlenecks of the two aspects.
In the aspect of channel estimation, different from the traditional channel estimation technology, clear channel estimation is performed on each pair of antennas between receiving and transmitting, hybrid precoding only requires to acquire channel information of an equivalent baseband channel with a lower dimensionality, and a high-dimensionality analog radio frequency part performs beam alignment on the two sides of receiving and transmitting through beam tracking. Even so, the tens of hundreds of antennas are located on both sides of the transceiver, the training time overhead required for precise beam alignment is still difficult to receive, especially in multiuser Wave and THz wireless communication systems. In order to solve the problem of time overhead, the TDD system considers that the number of antennas at the user side is small, utilizes uplink transmission pilot frequency to carry out beam training, and then carries out downlink data transmission according to the uplink and downlink symmetry. Then, the FDD system has to perform downlink beaming and user feedback for beam alignment. In order to solve the reason of overlarge beam tracking overhead in an FDD system, hierarchical beam tracking based on a multi-precision codebook is an effective measure. The existing FDD beam tracking based on a multi-precision codebook has the problems of higher step-by-step feedback delay overhead, the codebook based on the power of 2 of the number of antennas, more required radio frequency links and the like. The training method has no special requirements on the number of the access point multi-subarrays, the number of antennas in each subarray and the distance between the antennas, is suitable for a typically configured indoor multi-user frequency division duplex terahertz communication system, and can effectively reduce the beam training overhead.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem of high beam training overhead in the prior art, the invention provides a beam training method for an indoor multi-user terahertz communication system with sub-array cooperation, which effectively reduces the beam training overhead.
The technical scheme is as follows: a sub-array cooperation type indoor multi-user terahertz communication system beam training method is based on sub-array cooperation and comprises the following two stages:
the first stage is as follows: the stage is a multi-subarray parallel finite search stage, all the multi-subarrays of a user access point traverse the whole angle domain in parallel in a time-slot manner, and all the served users feed back time slot serial numbers with the maximum received signal power to the access point through respective feedback channels after the search is finished in the stage;
and a second stage: in the stage, a subspace is searched serially for a single sub-array, the angle of a user and the time slot sequence number when the power of a received signal is maximum in the second stage are determined, a user angle index vector is constructed according to the feedback vector obtained in the second stage and the indication vector obtained in the first stage, and an analog beam forming matrix is configured.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing, and determining the number of time slots required by the first stage and the dimension of a baseband precoding matrix;
(2) performing parallel finite search on the angular domains of the sub-arrays of the time slots determined in the step (1);
(3) constructing an indication vector according to the time slot sequence number fed back by the user;
(4) the single sub-array searches the sub-space in series, determines the angle of the user and feeds back the time slot sequence number when the power of the received signal is maximum in the second stage;
(5) constructing a user angle index vector according to the feedback vector obtained in the second stage and the indication vector obtained in the first stage, and configuring an analog beam forming matrix;
(6) and completing an algorithm, wherein the access point uses the analog beam forming matrix to control a phase shifter of the access point to form corresponding multi-directional beams for a plurality of users.
Further, the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(11) according to the subarray number of the access points
Figure GDA0003084772410000021
And the number of antennas N per sub-arraytDetermining the number of time slots required for the first stage of parallel search
Figure GDA0003084772410000022
(12) According to the number of users
Figure GDA0003084772410000023
And number of subarrays
Figure GDA0003084772410000024
Determining dimensionality of baseband precoding matrix
Figure GDA0003084772410000025
And initializing it to
Figure GDA0003084772410000026
(13) According to the formula
Figure GDA0003084772410000027
Constructing a codebook
Figure GDA0003084772410000028
Wherein f isiFor the ith column of the codebook, d, λ and ΦiSequentially comprises the antenna spacing, the carrier wave wavelength and the ith code word central angle in each sub array
Figure GDA0003084772410000031
λ 0 represents λ multiplied by 0.
Step (2) comprises the steps of
Figure GDA0003084772410000032
Of a time slot
Figure GDA0003084772410000033
The method specifically comprises the following steps of carrying out parallel finite search on angle domains by using individual sub-arrays:
(21) setting the digital pre-coding matrix and the pilot frequency vector to be respectively on one side of the access point
Figure GDA0003084772410000034
And
Figure GDA0003084772410000035
wherein P is the total power transmitted by the access point;
(22) the access point is at
Figure GDA0003084772410000036
Generating parallel multi-beams in each time slot, pair
Figure GDA0003084772410000037
Setting the analog beamforming matrix to be any ith time slot in the time slots
Figure GDA0003084772410000038
Wherein
Figure GDA0003084772410000039
Each user receives signal independently and finds out time slot sequence number when its received signal power is maximum
Figure GDA00030847724100000310
The step (3) specifically comprises the step of enabling the access point to feed back the time slot serial numbers according to all the users
Figure GDA00030847724100000311
Constructing an indicator vector
Figure GDA00030847724100000312
Wherein the kth element represents the slot number when the kth user received signal power is maximum.
Step (4) is a stage of serial search of subspace by a single subarray, in which an access point starts the single subarray to search the angle of each user in the angle subspace corresponding to the user one by one, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(41) for any kth user, the access point is based on
Figure GDA00030847724100000313
The time slot corresponding to the k-th user determined in the step (3)
Figure GDA00030847724100000314
Searching the departure angle of the strongest path in the dimensional subspace in series;
(42) setting a beam forming vector corresponding to the jth time slot of the kth user as
Figure GDA00030847724100000315
Simultaneous precoding of digital matricesIs arranged as
Figure GDA00030847724100000316
When k is j, and [ F ═ jBB]j,k0, when k ≠ j, and sets the pilot vector as
Figure GDA00030847724100000317
(43) Any k-th user performs processing for the user at the access point
Figure GDA00030847724100000318
After training each time slot, the time slot serial number [ j ] of the maximum received signal power in the second stage is fed backmax]k；
The step (5) includes that after the second stage is finished, the access point obtains the feedback vector according to the training of the second stage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
And the indication vector obtained by the first stage training
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Constructing a user angle index vector
Figure GDA00030847724100000321
And configuring an analog beamforming matrix with the vector
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention directly configures the array weighting vector of the activated sub-array into an array response vector form through two stages, thereby obtaining the maximum beam gain in the guiding direction; the two stages only feed back once, so that the feedback overhead is reduced; the parallel search in the first stage improves the training efficiency and reduces the overhead. The remarkable effects are as follows: firstly, the invention not only considers the decision function of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio on the angle estimation in the wide beam, but also comprehensively considers the feedback overhead except the conventional training overhead: in the first stage, the parallel multi-sub-beams are adopted, so that the training efficiency is improved, and the feedback times are reduced; meanwhile, a plurality of sub-beams are isolated into a plurality of independent beams, the beam gain is fully utilized, and the interference among the sub-beams is reduced; secondly, the training method of the invention has no special requirements on the number of the access point multi-subarrays, the number of antennas in each subarray and the distance between the antennas, and is suitable for a typically configured indoor multi-user frequency division duplex terahertz communication system. The system robustness is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of explaining the technical solution disclosed in the present invention in detail, the following description is further made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This example serves as a preferred mode of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the inventive concept.
The invention relates to a method for improving the effective transmission rate of transmission by considering the factors of Beam training (Beam training) time overhead and feedback time delay in an indoor multi-user terahertz (THz) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) large-scale antenna (Massive MIMO) communication system.
In this example, the AP end is configured with 4 sub-arrays, each sub-array including 16 half-wavelength antennas; the AP serves 4 single antenna users; 4 users { U1,U2,U3,U4Are respectively distributed in { B }4,3,B2,2,B2,1,B1,3}。
Step 1: initialization
According to the subarray number of the access points
Figure GDA0003084772410000041
And the number of antennas N per sub-arraytDetermining 16 time slot number needed by the first stage parallel search
Figure GDA0003084772410000042
According to the number of users
Figure GDA0003084772410000043
And number of subarrays
Figure GDA0003084772410000044
Determining dimensionality of baseband precoding matrix
Figure GDA0003084772410000045
And initialize it to FBB＝04×4(ii) a According to the formula
Figure GDA0003084772410000046
Constructing a codebook
Figure GDA0003084772410000047
Wherein f isiFor the ith column of the codebook, the ith codeword center angle
Figure GDA0003084772410000048
Step 2: of 4 time slots
Figure GDA0003084772410000049
Multiple sub-array parallel finite search angle domain stage
First, the access point side sets the digital precoding matrix and the pilot vector to be respectively
Figure GDA0003084772410000051
And d ═ 1]4×1Wherein P is the total power transmitted by the access point; the access point is then at
Figure GDA0003084772410000052
Generating parallel multiple beams, i.e. pairs, in one time slot
Figure GDA0003084772410000053
Setting the analog beamforming matrix to be any ith time slot in the time slots
Figure GDA0003084772410000054
Wherein
Figure GDA0003084772410000055
J is not less than 1 and not more than 4 (in combination with the example, when the first slot i is 1, the code word number selected from the codebook is {4(j-1) + i is 1,5,9,13| i is 1, j is 1,2,3,4} in order, the 4 code words are configured into an analog beamforming matrix, and under the selection action of the digital precoding matrix and the pilot vector, the access point forms 4 parallel sub-beams { B { B } as shown in fig. 11,1,B2,1,B3,1,B4,1And similarly, parallel beams formed in the subsequent 3 time slots are sequentially { B }1,2,B2,2,B3,2,B4,2}、{B1,3,B2,3,B3,3,B4,3And { B }1,4,B2,4,B3,4,B4,4}); each user receives signal independently and finds out time slot sequence number when its received signal power is maximum
Figure GDA0003084772410000056
(in connection with this example, 4 users { U }1,U2,U3,U4The sequence numbers of the obtained time slots are {3,2,1,3 });
and step 3: the access point feeds back the time slot serial number according to all the users
Figure GDA0003084772410000057
Constructing an indicator vector
Figure GDA0003084772410000058
The kth element represents a time slot sequence number when the power of a receiving signal of the kth user is maximum;
and 4, step 4: and a single sub-array serial search subspace stage, namely, the access point starts a single sub-array to search the angle of each user in the angle subspace corresponding to the user one by one: for any kth user, access point
Figure GDA0003084772410000059
Corresponding to the k-th user determined in step 3
Figure GDA00030847724100000510
The exit angle of the strongest path is serially searched in the dimensional subspace, and for this purpose, the access point sets the beam forming vector corresponding to the jth time slot of the kth user as the beam forming vector
Figure GDA00030847724100000511
While setting the digital precoding matrix to
Figure GDA00030847724100000512
When k is j, and [ F ═ jBB]j,kWhen k ≠ j, and sets d ═ 1 for the pilot vector]4×1(ii) a Any k-th user performs processing for the user at the access point
Figure GDA00030847724100000513
After training each time slot, the time slot serial number [ j ] of the maximum received signal power in the second stage is fed backmax]k(in connection with this example, user U is known from step 31Appear at
Figure GDA00030847724100000514
Within the coverage of the access point-shaped beam for a time slot, i.e. { B1,3,B2,3,B3,3,B4,3Within the four sub-beams, for this reason, the second stage only needs to form a single sub-beam with a single sub-array to search the subspace sequentially, so that [ j ] can be obtainedmax]1＝4)；
And 5: after the second stage is finished, the access point obtains a feedback vector [ j ] according to the training of the second stagemax]4×1And the indication vector obtained by the first stage training
Figure GDA0003084772410000061
Constructing a user angle index vector
Figure GDA0003084772410000062
(in connection with this example, user U1Has an angle index value of
Figure GDA0003084772410000063
And configuring an analog beamforming matrix with the vector
Figure GDA0003084772410000064
The algorithm ends.
Through the specific embodiment, the invention is suitable for the typically configured indoor multi-user frequency division duplex terahertz communication system, and the beam training overhead can be effectively reduced by considering the feedback time delay.

Claims (7)

1. The wave beam training method of the indoor multi-user terahertz communication system with subarray cooperation is characterized in that: the method is based on sub-array cooperation and comprises the following two stages:
the first stage is as follows: the stage is a multi-subarray parallel finite search stage, all the multi-subarrays of a user access point traverse the whole angle domain in parallel in a time-slot manner, and all the served users feed back time slot serial numbers with the maximum received signal power to the access point through respective feedback channels after the search is finished in the stage;
and a second stage: in the stage, a subspace is searched serially for a single sub-array, the angle of a user and the time slot sequence number when the power of a received signal is maximum in the second stage are determined, a user angle index vector is constructed according to the feedback vector obtained in the second stage and the indication vector obtained in the first stage, and an analog beam forming matrix is configured.
2. The sub-array cooperative indoor multi-user terahertz communication system beam training method of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing, and determining the number of time slots required by the first stage and the dimension of a baseband precoding matrix;
(2) performing parallel finite search on the angular domains of the sub-arrays of the time slots determined in the step (1);
(3) constructing an indication vector according to the time slot sequence number fed back by the user;
(4) the single sub-array searches the sub-space in series, determines the angle of the user and feeds back the time slot sequence number when the power of the received signal is maximum in the second stage;
(5) constructing a user angle index vector according to the feedback vector obtained in the second stage and the indication vector obtained in the first stage, and configuring an analog beam forming matrix;
(6) the access point controls its phase shifters with an analog beamforming matrix to form corresponding multi-directional beams for a plurality of users.
3. The sub-array cooperative indoor multi-user terahertz communication system beam training method of claim 2, wherein: the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(11) according to the subarray number of the access points
Figure FDA0003060018740000011
And the number of antennas N per sub-arraytDetermining the number of time slots required for the first stage of parallel search
Figure FDA0003060018740000012
(12) According to the number of users
Figure FDA0003060018740000013
And number of subarrays
Figure FDA0003060018740000014
Determining dimensionality of baseband precoding matrix
Figure FDA0003060018740000015
And initializing it to
Figure FDA0003060018740000016
(13) According to the formula
Figure FDA0003060018740000017
Constructing a codebook
Figure FDA0003060018740000018
Wherein f isiFor the ith column of the codebook, d, λ and ΦiSequentially comprises the antenna spacing, the carrier wave wavelength and the ith code word central angle in each sub array
Figure FDA0003060018740000021
λ 0 represents λ multiplied by 0.
4. The sub-array cooperative indoor multi-user terahertz communication system beam training method of claim 2, wherein: step (2) comprises the steps of
Figure FDA0003060018740000022
Of a time slot
Figure FDA0003060018740000023
The method specifically comprises the following steps of carrying out parallel finite search on angle domains by using individual sub-arrays:
(21) setting the digital pre-coding matrix and the pilot frequency vector to be respectively on one side of the access point
Figure FDA0003060018740000024
And
Figure FDA00030600187400000218
wherein P is the total power transmitted by the access point;
(22) the access point is at
Figure FDA0003060018740000025
Generating parallel multi-beams in each time slot, pair
Figure FDA0003060018740000026
Setting the analog beamforming matrix to be any ith time slot in the time slots
Figure FDA0003060018740000027
Wherein
Figure FDA0003060018740000028
Each user receives signal independently and finds out time slot sequence number when its received signal power is maximum
Figure FDA0003060018740000029
5. The sub-array cooperative indoor multi-user terahertz communication system beam training method of claim 2, wherein: the step (3) specifically comprises the step of enabling the access point to feed back the time slot serial numbers according to all the users
Figure FDA00030600187400000210
Constructing an indicator vector
Figure FDA00030600187400000211
Wherein the kth element represents the slot number when the kth user received signal power is maximum.
6. The sub-array cooperative indoor multi-user terahertz communication system beam training method of claim 2, wherein: step (4) is a stage of serial search of subspace by a single subarray, in which an access point starts the single subarray to search the angle of each user in the angle subspace corresponding to the user one by one, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(41) for any kth user, the access point is based on
Figure FDA00030600187400000212
The time slot corresponding to the k-th user determined in the step (3)
Figure FDA00030600187400000213
Searching the departure angle of the strongest path in the dimensional subspace in series;
(42) wave corresponding to jth time slot of kth userThe beam shaping vector is set to
Figure FDA00030600187400000214
While setting the digital precoding matrix to
Figure FDA00030600187400000215
When k is j, and [ F ═ jBB]j,k0, when k ≠ j, and sets the pilot vector as
Figure FDA00030600187400000216
(43) Any k-th user performs processing for the user at the access point
Figure FDA00030600187400000217
After training each time slot, the time slot serial number [ j ] of the maximum received signal power in the second stage is fed backmax]k。
7. The sub-array cooperative indoor multi-user terahertz communication system beam training method of claim 2, wherein: the step (5) includes that after the second stage is finished, the access point obtains the feedback vector according to the training of the second stage
Figure FDA0003060018740000031
And the indication vector obtained by the first stage training
Figure FDA0003060018740000032
Constructing a user angle index vector
Figure FDA0003060018740000033
And configuring an analog beamforming matrix with the vector
Figure FDA0003060018740000034
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