CN109360675A - 高载流高强度盾构机电缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高载流高强度盾构机电缆,包括若干动力线导体、若干地线导体、外护套,所述动力线导体外周均由内向外共挤挤包有半导电导体屏蔽层、绝缘层和半导电绝缘屏蔽层,所述半导电绝缘屏蔽层的外周包覆有混合编织层构成动力线芯,所述地线导体外周均挤包有半导电橡皮层构成地线芯;所述动力线芯和地线芯相互绞合成为缆芯,所述动力线芯和地线芯之间的间隙中填充有半导电橡胶材料填充层,所述缆芯外周设置有编织加强层,所述编织加强层外周挤包有外护套,所述外护套嵌入填充到缆芯与编织加强层的间隙中;本发明高载流高强度盾构机电缆具有良好的机械性能和耐候性能,在恶劣外界条件下仍具有较长的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种特种电缆,尤其涉及一种高载流高强度盾构机电缆。
背景技术
应用于掘进隧道内或户外重型移动设备的电缆常常会在恶劣环境条件下使用,电缆长期频繁地受到过度弯曲、拉伸、扭转、机械外力冲击的复合应力作用等恶劣使用环境;在户外使用还长期经受日暴夜寒、霜雪冰冻、紫外线、臭氧等自然条件的侵蚀,性能下降比较快,使用寿命比较短。
普通盾构机电缆国内一般都参照煤矿用橡套软电缆设计生产,而矿用电缆的使用周期比较短,并且应用使用环境不完全相同,所以普通盾构机电缆的抗张强度、耐低温性能、耐老化性能等等性能相对都比较差。因此,开发出一种具有良好的抗张强度和耐低温性能的掘进盾构设备用特种电缆,成为本领域技术人员努力的方向。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种高载流高强度盾构机电缆,该电缆具有良好的抗张强度和耐低温性能,能够适应恶劣的使用条件。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种高载流高强度盾构机电缆,包括若干动力线导体、若干地线导体、外护套,所述动力线导体外周均由内向外共挤挤包有半导电导体屏蔽层、绝缘层和半导电绝缘屏蔽层,所述半导电绝缘屏蔽层的外周包覆有混合编织层构成动力线芯,所述地线导体外周均挤包有半导电橡皮层构成地线芯;
所述动力线芯和地线芯相互绞合成为缆芯,所述动力线芯和地线芯之间的间隙中填充有半导电橡胶材料填充层,所述缆芯外周设置有编织加强层,所述编织加强层外周挤包有外护套,所述外护套嵌入填充到缆芯与编织加强层的间隙中;
所述外护套由以下重量份的组分组成:
三元乙丙橡胶Kep510 50份,
马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶 2~5份,
微晶蜡 2~4份,
石蜡油 3~5份,
钛白粉 1~5份,
白炭黑 1~4份,
纳米氧化锌 1~5份,
改性陶土 20~30份,
γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷 0.5~2份,
硬脂酸 0.1~1份,
2-硫醇基苯骈咪唑 1~3份,
2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢喹啉聚合物 1~2份,
过氧化二异丙苯 0.5~3份,
1,3,5-三聚氰酸三烯丙基酯 0.1~1份,
三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯 0.1~0.5份,
乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯 0.1~0.5份,
N,N'-二亚水杨基-1,3-二氨基丙烷 0.1~2份,
辛基化二苯胺 0.1~2份,
异佛尔酮二胺 0.1~0.5份,
无卤阻燃剂 25~40份;
所述马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶通过以下步骤获得:将丁腈橡胶、马来酸酐和引发剂按重量份比例1:1.5:0.1分别溶解于溶剂中,丁腈橡胶溶液升温至60~70℃后向其中缓慢滴加马来酸酐与引发剂的混合溶液,恒温反应8~12h后加入沉淀剂,分离出马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶,并用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,即得所述马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶;
所述改性陶土通过以下步骤获得:将陶土在700℃煅烧2h,冷却至室温,粉碎过筛后投入高速搅拌机内,于250℃下搅拌5min,然后将物料装入冷混机中搅拌降温,待物料温度降至100℃时,加入白垩粉、微晶蜡、硬脂酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和3-硫氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌3~5min,待机内物料温度降至50℃以下后,出料烘干研细,即得所述改性陶土。
上述技术方案中进一步改进的技术方案如下:
1. 上述方案中,所述动力线导体共设置有三根,所述地线导体共设置有三根。
2. 上述方案中,所述动力线导体和地线导体均为铜丝束绞并绕包半导电带构成的导体,其层与层之间采用正反向绞合结构,每层绞合节径比不大于14。
3. 上述方案中,所述缆芯成缆节径比不大于12。
4. 上述方案中,所述混合编织层为由镀锡铜丝和高强度纤维丝混合构成的编织层;所述编织加强层为高强度纤维丝加强层,所述纤维丝嵌入外护套中。
5. 上述方案中,所述无卤阻燃剂为三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、磷酸哌嗪和磷酸三甲苯酯中的至少一种。
由于上述技术方案的运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
1. 本发明通过对导体正反向复绞节距比的设计和成缆节径比的控制保证了电缆整体弯曲性能和内应力作用均匀,还对外护套与编织加强层进行嵌入式挤出控制,从而使高强度纤维丝嵌入外护套中,保证了编织层与外护套的一体性,提高电缆整体弯曲柔韧性和抗扭绞撕裂性能,制得的特种电缆在长期拖拽、自重应力作用、弯曲疲劳等外界恶劣条件下仍具有较长的使用寿命;此外,还在半导电绝缘屏蔽层外设置了一层镀锡铜丝和高强度纤维丝混合编织层,金属编织丝不会刺伤半导电绝缘屏蔽层,并能够在保证动力线芯屏蔽性能的同时,提高电缆的耐弯曲扭转性从而进一步提高电缆的使用寿命。
2. 本发明护套配方采用特定参数的三元乙丙橡胶50份、马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶2~5份作为基体材料,与纳米氧化锌1~5份、钛白粉1~5份混合,并额外引入异佛尔酮二胺0.1~0.5份和N,N'-二亚水杨基-1,3-二氨基丙烷0.1~2份,制得的橡胶材料交联密度高,耐油耐寒性能好,在恶劣的工作条件下使用时仍能保证较好的机械性能,用作电缆外护套时,使电缆使用寿命更长,安全性更高。
3. 本发明护套材料配方在过氧化二异丙苯和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯硫化体系的基础上又引入了乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯0.1~0.5份和1,3,5-三聚氰酸三烯丙基酯0.1~1份,显著提高了混合橡胶前期硫化速度,改善其硫化不均的问题,此外还添加了经表面改性的陶土作为填充,使得到的乙丙橡胶材料质地均匀、可快速挤出,抗张强度大、断裂伸长率高,用作电缆护套时能够克服盾构机使用过程中电缆频繁受到过度弯曲、拉伸、扭转而影响使用寿命的问题。
附图说明
附图1为本发明高载流高强度盾构机电缆结构示意图。
以上附图中:1、动力线导体;2、半导电导体屏蔽层;3、绝缘层;4、半导电绝缘屏蔽层;5、混合编织层;6、地线导体;7、半导电橡皮层;8、半导电橡胶材料填充层;9、编织加强层;10、外护套。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1~4:一种高载流高强度盾构机电缆,包括若干动力线导体1、若干地线导体6、外护套10,所述动力线导体1外周均由内向外共挤挤包有半导电导体屏蔽层2、绝缘层3和半导电绝缘屏蔽层4,所述半导电绝缘屏蔽层4的外周包覆有混合编织层5构成动力线芯,所述地线导体6外周均挤包有半导电橡皮层7构成地线芯;
所述动力线芯和地线芯相互绞合成为缆芯,所述动力线芯和地线芯之间的间隙中填充有半导电橡胶材料填充层8,所述缆芯外周设置有编织加强层9,所述编织加强层9外周挤包有外护套10,所述外护套10嵌入填充到缆芯与编织加强层9的间隙中。
所述动力线导体1共设置有三根,所述地线导体6共设置有三根;所述动力线导体1和地线导体6均为铜丝束绞并绕包半导电带构成的导体,其层与层之间采用正反向绞合结构,每层绞合节径比不大于14;所述缆芯成缆节径比不大于12;所述混合编织层5为由镀锡铜丝和高强度纤维丝混合构成的编织层;所述编织加强层9为高强度纤维丝加强层,所述纤维丝嵌入外护套10中。
所述外护套10由以下重量份的组分组成:
表1
实施例1中无卤阻燃剂为三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐,实施例2中无卤阻燃剂为磷酸哌嗪,实施例3中无卤阻燃剂为磷酸三甲苯酯,实施例4中无卤阻燃剂为三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐和磷酸哌嗪按重量份比例1.5:1混合得到的混合物。
所述马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶通过以下步骤获得:将丁腈橡胶、马来酸酐和引发剂按重量份比例1:1.5:0.1分别溶解于溶剂中,丁腈橡胶溶液升温至60~70℃后向其中缓慢滴加马来酸酐与引发剂的混合溶液,恒温反应8~12h后加入沉淀剂,分离出马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶,并用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,即得所述马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶。
所述改性陶土通过以下步骤获得:将陶土在700℃煅烧2h,冷却至室温,粉碎过筛后投入高速搅拌机内,于250℃下搅拌5min,然后将物料装入冷混机中搅拌降温,待物料温度降至100℃时,加入白垩粉、微晶蜡、硬脂酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和3-硫氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌3~5min,待机内物料温度降至50℃以下后,出料烘干研细,即得所述改性陶土。
所述外护套10通过以下步骤获得:
S1. 将所述三元乙丙橡胶(Kep510)50份和马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶2~5份在100℃~120℃密炼机中混炼3min~4min,混炼均匀;
S2. 在所述密炼机中再加入所述微晶蜡2~4份、石蜡油3~5份、钛白粉1~5份、白炭黑1~4份、纳米氧化锌1~5份、改性陶土20~30份、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷0.5~2份、硬脂酸0.1~1份、无卤阻燃剂25~40份、2-硫醇基苯骈咪唑1~3份、2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢喹啉聚合物1~2份、辛基化二苯胺0.1~2份、异佛尔酮二胺0.1~0.5份,混炼2min~3min;
S3. 在所述密炼机中最后加入所述过氧化二异丙苯0.5~3份,三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯0.1~0.5份、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯0.1~0.5份、1,3,5-三聚氰酸三烯丙基酯0.1~1份、N,N'-二亚水杨基-1,3-二氨基丙烷0.1~0.5份,混炼0.5min~1.5min,然后排出混炼胶料;
S4. 将所述混炼胶料在开炼机上薄通1~2次,同时摆胶2~3次,接着在三辊压延机上开条出片,输出的橡页经过冷却辊冷却,过滑石粉箱后,即制得成品。
对比例1~3:一种乙丙橡胶护套材料,由以下重量份的组分组成:
表2
对比例1中无卤阻燃剂为三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐,对比例2中无卤阻燃剂为磷酸哌嗪,对比例3中无卤阻燃剂为磷酸三甲苯酯。
制备方法为常规方法。
各实施例和对比例制备的乙丙橡胶护套材料性能检测数据如下:
表3
由表3可知,本发明乙丙橡胶护套材料无论是老化前后机械性能,还是耐油耐寒性能都显著优于各对比例,该乙丙橡胶材料用作盾构机电缆护套时能够改善盾构机使用过程中电缆频繁受到过度弯曲、拉伸、扭转作用以及受到外界恶劣环境影响而使用寿命的问题。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种高载流高强度盾构机电缆,其特征在于:包括若干动力线导体(1)、若干地线导体(6)、外护套(10),所述动力线导体(1)外周均由内向外共挤挤包有半导电导体屏蔽层(2)、绝缘层(3)和半导电绝缘屏蔽层(4),所述半导电绝缘屏蔽层(4)的外周包覆有混合编织层(5)构成动力线芯,所述地线导体(6)外周均挤包有半导电橡皮层(7)构成地线芯;
所述动力线芯和地线芯相互绞合成为缆芯,所述动力线芯和地线芯之间的间隙中填充有半导电橡胶材料填充层(8),所述缆芯外周设置有编织加强层(9),所述编织加强层(9)外周挤包有外护套(10),所述外护套(10)嵌入填充到缆芯与编织加强层(9)的间隙中;
所述外护套(10)由以下重量份的组分组成:
三元乙丙橡胶Kep510 50份,
马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶 2~5份,
微晶蜡 2~4份,
石蜡油 3~5份,
钛白粉 1~5份,
白炭黑 1~4份,
纳米氧化锌 1~5份,
改性陶土 20~30份,
γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷 0.5~2份,
硬脂酸 0.1~1份,
2-硫醇基苯骈咪唑 1~3份,
2,2,4-三甲基-1,2-二氢喹啉聚合物 1~2份,
过氧化二异丙苯 0.5~3份,
1,3,5-三聚氰酸三烯丙基酯 0.1~1份,
三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯 0.1~0.5份,
乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯 0.1~0.5份,
N,N'-二亚水杨基-1,3-二氨基丙烷 0.1~2份,
辛基化二苯胺 0.1~2份,
异佛尔酮二胺 0.1~0.5份,
无卤阻燃剂 25~40份;
所述马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶通过以下步骤获得:将丁腈橡胶、马来酸酐和引发剂按重量份比例1:1.5:0.1分别溶解于溶剂中,丁腈橡胶溶液升温至60~70℃后向其中缓慢滴加马来酸酐与引发剂的混合溶液,恒温反应8~12h后加入沉淀剂,分离出马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶,并用蒸馏水洗涤,干燥,即得所述马来酸酐接枝丁腈橡胶;
所述改性陶土通过以下步骤获得:将陶土在700℃煅烧2h,冷却至室温,粉碎过筛后投入高速搅拌机内,于250℃下搅拌5min,然后将物料装入冷混机中搅拌降温,待物料温度降至100℃时,加入白垩粉、微晶蜡、硬脂酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和3-硫氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌3~5min,待机内物料温度降至50℃以下后,出料烘干研细,即得所述改性陶土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高载流高强度盾构机电缆,其特征在于:所述动力线导体(1)共设置有三根,所述地线导体(6)共设置有三根。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高载流高强度盾构机电缆,其特征在于:所述动力线导体(1)和地线导体(6)均为铜丝束绞并绕包半导电带构成的导体,其层与层之间采用正反向绞合结构,每层绞合节径比不大于14。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高载流高强度盾构机电缆,其特征在于:所述缆芯成缆节径比不大于12。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高载流高强度盾构机电缆,其特征在于:所述混合编织层(5)为由镀锡铜丝和高强度纤维丝混合构成的编织层;所述编织加强层(9)为高强度纤维丝加强层,所述纤维丝嵌入外护套(10)中。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高载流高强度盾构机电缆,其特征在于:所述无卤阻燃剂为三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、磷酸哌嗪和磷酸三甲苯酯中的至少一种。
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