CN109357984B - Karst earth surface crack degree calculation method - Google Patents
Karst earth surface crack degree calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109357984B CN109357984B CN201811034279.XA CN201811034279A CN109357984B CN 109357984 B CN109357984 B CN 109357984B CN 201811034279 A CN201811034279 A CN 201811034279A CN 109357984 B CN109357984 B CN 109357984B
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
- G01N15/0893—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry by measuring weight or volume of sorbed fluid, e.g. B.E.T. method
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a karst earth surface fracture degree calculation method, which comprises the steps of dividing an earth surface unit measurement area according to monitoring requirements, and systematically dividing the length, width, depth and azimuth angle of unit rock surface fracture to obtain the morphological feature development degree of the fracture; pouring pigment water into the ground surface cracks until the cracks are saturated by using a 500ml specification measuring cylinder, and obtaining rock crack degree by calculating the ratio of the rock volume of the unit to the water poured volume; and finally, paving the same paper as the unit rock area on the ground surface, performing vectorization calculation by using GIS software to obtain a crack plane area, and performing calculation statistics on the unit ground surface cracks by combining the crack degree and the crack plane development degree. According to the invention, by using a measuring tool available by a plumber and GIS software familiar to related workers, calculation and classification are carried out on karst ground surface cracks, basic data are provided for analysis and research of karst soil erosion and water loss big data, and a good foundation is laid for conveniently and effectively carrying out karst soil erosion and water loss research work in the field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a karst fracture degree calculation method, in particular to a calculation method for the fracture degree of a karst surface cross section, a longitudinal section and various angles, and belongs to the technical field of geological monitoring.
Background
The total area of soluble rock areas distributed in various areas of the world reaches 51 multiplied by 10 6 Square kilometers account for 15% of land area, while the karst distribution area in China is about 91-130 ten thousand square kilometers. Karst uses the surface-underground binary structure as the main characteristic, and forms surface runoff by rainfall, and the running water carries silt to infiltrate into the underground space through the ground fissure, so that large-area water and soil loss is caused, and the phenomenon that vegetation coverage rate is reduced and bedrock is exposed is caused, which is called asIt is karst stony desertification. The factor causing water and soil loss in the karst region is the ground surface cracks, the more the ground surface cracks develop, the faster the water and soil loss is, so that the calculation and statistics of the development degree of the karst ground surface cracks become important, and the method is a foundation for the karst water and soil conservation work and is also a key for the research of the karst water and soil loss mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a karst earth surface fissure degree calculation method which can be performed in an environment with complex field conditions, is suitable for fissures on earth surface cross sections, longitudinal sections and various angles, is suitable for earth surfaces with complex fissure development, and is a calculation method which is convenient and rapid, has higher precision and better efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a karst earth surface fissure degree calculating method comprises the following steps,
(1) Measurement sample selection and surface treatment: planning a measurement sample plot with unit area and volume on the earth surface of the selected karst region, and cleaning weeds, broken stones and fissured soil in the earth surface region;
(2) Calculating crack morphology: measuring and counting the length, width, depth and azimuth angle of the crack in the measuring sample area;
(3) Calculating the fracture degree: filling water into the cracks, calculating the crack degree by using the ratio of the unit rock volume to the water volume, and grading the development grade of the crack degree;
(4) Calculating the fracture area: coating pigment on the edges of the cracks, covering the edges of the cracks with paper to obtain crack contours, and collecting and counting the crack contours on the paper; and (3) projecting, importing and correcting the paper with the crack outline by using GIS software, performing final vectorization calculation to obtain a crack area, and classifying the crack development level according to the crack area.
Specifically, in the step (2), the length, width and depth of the crack are measured by a cement line and recorded in sequence, the azimuth angle of the crack is measured and recorded by a geological compass, the inclination angle of the crack is calculated, and then the crack is systematically divided to obtain the basic development degree and trend of the ground surface crack.
The karst earth surface crack degree calculating method specifically comprises the following steps that in the step (3), a measuring cylinder with the volume specification of 500ml is poured into a water body with pigment by using a rock volume to water body volume calculating method, the pigment water body is poured into the cracks until the cracks are saturated, and after all the cracks are fully filled with the pigment water body, the water body is filled with the pigment water body according to the rock volume of 1m 3 Calculating the percentage of the fissures to the rock per unit volume according to the ratio of the volume of the pigment water body to the volume of the pigment water body, so as to obtain the fissure degree; the fissure degree is divided into three development grades, and the unit volume is 1m 3 The rock filling process comprises the steps of respectively forming the crack degree of 500ml volume pigment water body of a bottle, a bottle 1, a bottle 2, a bottle 4 and a bottle 5 into the rock filling process, wherein the crack degree is 0.00025, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.002 and 0.0025, the crack degree is 0.00025-0.001 for mild development, and the crack degree is 0.001-0.0025 for moderate development and more than 0.0025 for severe development.
In the karst ground surface crack degree calculating method, specifically, in the step (4), the crack development grade is divided by the percentage of the crack area in the unit rock surface area, 0% -5% is mild development, 5% -20% is moderate development, and more than 20% is severe development.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the method can carry out simple systematic calculation and classification on the ground surface cracks in the karst region, provides certain data for the field monitoring work of the karst surface-underground water and soil loss, and lays a good foundation for conveniently and effectively carrying out the karst water and soil loss research work in the field. The invention has the following characteristics:
1. the operation is simple, convenient and quick, and the numerical value is accurate. The measuring tool comprises a geological compass, a cement line, a tape measure, a measuring cylinder, white paper and the like, is light in weight and extremely low in cost, can be widely applied to groups such as related scientific researches, works and learners, can effectively and accurately measure the fissure degree of the ground surface fissure by using the simpler measuring equipment and the calculation method, and provides basic data for water and soil loss research in karst regions.
2. The invention is particularly suitable for various slopes and sections of karst mountain regions, the crack area calculation can be established on the basis of obtaining the crack degree to further obtain rock crack development information, or when the crack degree cannot be calculated when the crack is developed on the longitudinal section, the GIS is used for vectorizing the crack area or calculating the crack length, width, depth and azimuth.
3. The method for calculating the effective fracture degree of the complex karst ground surface by using the extremely universal and convenient tool is critical in calculating the morphological characteristics, flux volume and development degree of the karst ground surface fracture.
The invention is further described below in connection with the following detailed description.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the calculation method of the karst earth surface crack degree comprises the following steps:
(1) Measurement sample selection and surface treatment: and planning a measurement sample plot with unit area and volume on the earth surface of the selected karst region, and cleaning weeds, broken stones and fissured soil in the earth surface area of the measurement sample plot. The unit area and volume may vary depending on the particular job requirements.
(2) Calculating crack morphology: and measuring and counting the length, width, depth and azimuth angle of the crack in the region of the measurement sample. The crack morphology calculation is first step of basic calculation, the lengths, widths, depths and azimuth angles of cracks on the rock surface of 1 m-m units are systematically divided, the staggered lengths, widths and depths of the cracks are measured and recorded by cement lines, azimuth angles of the cracks are measured and recorded by a geological compass, the inclination angles of the cracks are calculated, the cracks are systematically divided, the basic development degree and trend of the earth surface cracks are obtained, and the unit area of the rock surface can be adjusted according to specific conditions.
(3) Calculating the fracture degree: the calculation mode of the fracture degree is carried out by the carried water body, and the final volume specification isPouring a 500ml measuring cylinder into the water body with the pigment, pouring the pigment water body into the cracks until the cracks are saturated, and filling all the cracks with the pigment water body, wherein the volume of rock is 1m 3 Calculating the percentage of the fissures to the rock per unit volume according to the ratio of the volume of the pigment water body to the volume of the pigment water body, so as to obtain the fissure degree; according to field measurement experience, three crack degree development grades are defined, and the unit volume is 1m 3 The fissures of the pigment water bodies of the bottles (500 ml capacity) were 0.00025, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.002, 0.0025, respectively. 0.00025 to 0.001 is light development, 0.001 to 0.0025 is moderate development, and more than 0.0025 is heavy development.
(4) Calculating the fracture area: the calculation method is suitable for the transverse section, the longitudinal section and the cracks on various angle planes of the rock, pigment is coated on the edges of the cracks, 1 m-1 m specification paper is used for covering the cracks to obtain crack contours, and the crack contours on the paper are collected and counted; the paper specification can be changed according to actual requirements. And (3) projecting, importing and correcting the paper with the crack outline by using GIS software, finally vectorizing to obtain the crack area, and grading the crack development according to the crack area. The paper unit area of the crack area is 1m, the crack development grade is divided into the following three development grades according to the percentage of the crack area in the unit rock surface area, 0-5% is mild development, 5-20% is moderate development, and more than 20% is severe development.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and various changes made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The karst earth surface crack degree calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Measurement sample selection and surface treatment: planning a measurement sample plot with unit area and volume on the earth surface of the selected karst region, and cleaning weeds, broken stones and fissured soil in the earth surface region;
(2) Calculating crack morphology: measuring and counting the length, width, depth and azimuth angle of the crack in the measuring sample area;
(3) Calculating the fracture degree: filling water into the cracks, calculating the crack degree by using the ratio of the unit rock volume to the water volume, and grading the development grade of the crack degree;
(4) Calculating the fracture area: coating pigment on the edges of the cracks, covering the edges of the cracks with paper to obtain crack contours, and collecting and counting the crack contours on the paper; and (3) projecting, importing and correcting the paper with the crack outline by using GIS software, performing final vectorization calculation to obtain a crack area, and classifying the crack development level according to the crack area.
2. The karst earth surface fissure degree calculation method of claim 1, wherein: and (2) measuring the length, width and depth of the crack by using a cement line, sequentially recording, measuring and recording the azimuth angle of the crack by using a geological compass, calculating the inclination angle of the crack, and systematically dividing the crack to obtain the basic development degree and trend of the ground surface crack.
3. The karst earth surface fissure degree calculation method of claim 1, wherein: step (3) pouring the water body with pigment into a measuring cylinder with the volume specification of 500ml by using a calculation method of the ratio of rock volume to water body volume, pouring the pigment water body into the cracks until the cracks are saturated, and filling all the cracks with the pigment water body completely, wherein the volume of the rock is 1m 3 Calculating the percentage of the fissures to the rock per unit volume according to the ratio of the volume of the pigment water body to the volume of the pigment water body, so as to obtain the fissure degree; the fissure degree is divided into three development grades, and the unit volume is 1m 3 The rock filling process comprises the steps of respectively forming the crack degree of 500ml volume pigment water body of a bottle, a bottle 1, a bottle 2, a bottle 4 and a bottle 5 into the rock filling process, wherein the crack degree is 0.00025, 0.0005, 0.001, 0.002 and 0.0025, the crack degree is 0.00025-0.001 for mild development, and the crack degree is 0.001-0.0025 for moderate development and more than 0.0025 for severe development.
4. The karst earth surface fissure degree calculation method of claim 1, wherein: the crack development grade division in the step (4) is divided by the percentage of the crack area in the unit rock surface area, 0% -5% is mild development, 5% -20% is moderate development, and more than 20% is severe development.
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