CN109357672B - Two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on circulator structure and method for detecting angular velocity of two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system - Google Patents
Two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on circulator structure and method for detecting angular velocity of two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on a circulator structure and a method for detecting angular speed of the two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system. The invention utilizes regenerative mode locking technology, cavity length control technology and polarization state separation technology to generate high-stability optical carrier microwaves vertical to the forward and reverse bidirectional polarization states in the optical fiber ring for measuring the rotation angular velocity. The invention adopts a circulator structure, and realizes bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance by a bidirectional regenerative mode locking technology; a reciprocal bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system is realized based on a nonreciprocal error elimination technology of a wide-spectrum optical interferometer; the dual-wavelength separation of optical signals is realized by adopting a polarization state separation technology, and vertical polarization states are adopted to be transmitted in opposite directions in the sensitive ring, so that the detection capability of the sensitive ring is improved; the cavity length control technology is adopted to lock the microwave oscillation frequency in one direction to a high-stability standard time reference source, so that the relative cavity length of the optical resonant cavity is stabilized. The system and the method have the characteristics of strong practicability, high measurement precision and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision optical gyroscopes, and particularly relates to a two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on a circulator structure and a method for detecting angular velocity of the two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system.
Background
In the field of inertial navigation, an accelerometer is generally used for detecting the translation velocity of a carrier, and a gyroscope is used for detecting the rotation angular velocity of the carrier. The high-precision gyroscope mainly comprises two types of mechanical gyroscopes and optical gyroscopes, and is widely applied in the fields of military, industry, science and the like. The optical gyroscope mainly comprises a laser gyroscope and a fiber optic gyroscope. Although the laser gyro has high precision, the laser gyro has a locking effect and is high in maintenance cost; the interference type optical fiber gyroscope has the defects of low optical power utilization rate, temperature error, parasitic noise and the like, and the detection precision is low; the resonant fiber optic gyroscope is easy to miniaturize, but has high requirements on a light source, and the practicability is still to be improved at present. Although the overall stability of the optical gyroscope is still insufficient compared with that of a mechanical gyroscope, the optical gyroscope has the characteristics of compact structure, high sensitivity and the like, so that the optical gyroscope still occupies an important share in the market of high-precision gyroscopes.
The basic principle of an optical gyroscope for detecting the angular velocity of rotation of a carrier is the Sagnac effect. The basic principle of the sagnac effect is that in a closed optical path, two beams of light emitted by the same light source and transmitted in Clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) directions generate different optical path differences due to the rotation of a carrier, so that a phase difference or a frequency difference is generated. Because the generated phase difference or frequency difference is only related to the carrier rotation angular velocity, the carrier rotation angular velocity can be measured by detecting the phase difference or frequency difference generated by the optical gyroscope. To realize sagnac effect detection, it is first necessary to realize transmission in Clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) directions of the same light source, and due to the limitation of the bidirectional transmission capability of the photoelectric device, the characteristics of the optical resonant cavities in the Clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) directions cannot be completely the same, so that the introduced non-reciprocity error can reduce the precision of the optical microwave gyroscope. Therefore, high-precision and high-reliability optical gyroscopes remain important for gyro research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing optical gyroscope angular velocity measuring scheme and provides a two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on a circulator structure and a method for detecting the angular velocity of the two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following design scheme: a two-way optical microwave-on-fiber resonance system based on a circulator structure comprises a wide-spectrum light source, 50:50 couplers, a first wavelength division multiplexer, a second wavelength division multiplexer, a low-speed photoelectric converter, an interferometer controller, a cavity length compensation regulator, a first optical amplifier, a first photoelectric intensity modulator, a first optical circulator, a first optical coupler, a narrow-band two-way optical filter, a second optical coupler, a second optical amplifier, a second photoelectric intensity modulator, a second optical circulator, a first regeneration cavity length regulator, a first high-speed photoelectric detector, a first microwave filtering and amplifying unit, a first microwave power divider, a second regeneration cavity length regulator, a second high-speed photoelectric detector, a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit, a sensitive ring interferometer structure, a second microwave power divider, a third microwave power divider and a difference frequency detection unit;
the first optical amplifier, the first photoelectric intensity modulator, the cavity length compensation regulator, the first optical circulator, the second wavelength division multiplexer, the first optical coupler, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter, the sensitive ring interferometer structure, the second optical coupler, the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second optical circulator are sequentially connected to form a clockwise annular resonant cavity; the clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through a first optical coupler, a second regenerative cavity length regulator, a second high-speed photoelectric detector, a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit and a third microwave power divider to perform feedback modulation on a first photoelectric intensity modulator, so that a clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is formed; an electric signal generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is input into the difference frequency detection unit through a third microwave power divider;
the second optical amplifier, the second photoelectric intensity modulator, the second optical circulator, the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second optical coupler, the sensitive ring interferometer structure, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter, the first optical coupler, the second wavelength division multiplexer and the first optical circulator are sequentially connected to form an anticlockwise annular resonant cavity; the counter-clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through a second optical coupler, a first regenerative cavity length regulator, a first high-speed photoelectric detector, a first microwave filtering amplification unit, a first microwave power divider and a second microwave power divider to perform feedback modulation on a second photoelectric intensity modulator, so that a counter-clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is formed; an electric signal generated by the counterclockwise regeneration mode locking structure is input into the difference frequency detection unit through the second microwave power divider;
the wide-spectrum light source, the 50:50 coupler, the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second wavelength division multiplexer, the low-speed photoelectric converter, the interferometer controller and the cavity length compensation regulator form a clockwise and counterclockwise double-loop reciprocity error compensation wide-spectrum optical interferometer; light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source is divided into two arms through a 50:50 coupler, and the first arm enters the low-speed photoelectric converter through the second wavelength division multiplexer, the first optical circulator, the second optical amplifier, the second photoelectric intensity modulator, the second optical circulator, the first wavelength division multiplexer and the 50:50 coupler in sequence; the second arm enters the low-speed photoelectric converter through the first wavelength division multiplexer, the second optical circulator, the first optical amplifier, the first photoelectric intensity modulator, the cavity length compensation regulator, the first optical circulator, the second wavelength division multiplexer and the 50:50 coupler in sequence; the detection signal of the low-speed photoelectric converter passes through the interferometer controller and is output to control the cavity length compensation regulator, so that the same optical path of the two arms of the wide-spectrum optical interferometer is realized, and the nonreciprocal error caused by the non-bidirectional devices on the two arms is eliminated; the light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source is not interfered with clockwise resonance light and anticlockwise resonance light;
the sensitive ring interferometer structure comprises a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit, a polarization beam splitter, an optical fiber sensitive ring and a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit;
the clockwise resonant light passes through the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters the optical fiber sensitive ring through the polarization beam splitter, and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the polarization state back to the initial state;
the counter-clockwise resonant light passes through the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters the optical fiber sensitive ring through the polarization beam splitter, and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter and the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit to adjust the polarization states back to the initial states.
Further, the two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the circulator structure adopts microwave signals generated by a clockwise regenerative mode locking structure and a counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure to be input into the difference frequency detection unit for angular velocity detection.
Furthermore, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter changes the resonant optical carrier microwave signal when the system works into a dual-peak spectral signal, and the wavelengths corresponding to the spectral peaks are lambda respectively1And λ2，λ1And λ2Is a modulation signal fmAnd bidirectional double-frequency resonance is realized.
Furthermore, in the sensitive ring interferometer structure, the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit are both realized by a plurality of polarization beam splitters and polarization state controllers.
Furthermore, in the structure of the sensitive ring interferometer, the light speeds of two paths of signals vertical to the polarization state are different when the two paths of signals are transmitted in the sensitive ring in opposite directions, and SAGNAC effect detection gain of the sensitive ring is increased.
Furthermore, the first regeneration cavity length adjuster and the second regeneration cavity length adjuster are used as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical time delay line or a space optical displacement table are adopted; the cavity length compensation adjuster is used as an arm length adjusting unit of the wide-spectrum interferometer and adopts an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical time delay line or a space optical displacement platform.
Further, the system also comprises a cavity length control system, wherein the cavity length control system comprises a cavity length regulator, a cavity length control unit and an external clock reference source, the cavity length regulator is arranged in the bidirectional annular resonant cavity, the first microwave power divider is input into the cavity length control unit, the external clock reference source is input into the cavity length control unit, and the cavity length control unit is connected with the cavity length regulator to realize the stability of the cavity length of the resonant cavity.
Further, the cavity length adjuster comprises a first-stage cavity length adjuster and a second-stage cavity length adjuster, the adjusting range of the first-stage cavity length adjuster is larger than that of the second-stage cavity length adjuster, the first-stage cavity length adjuster is used for adjusting the cavity length at a slow speed, the second-stage cavity length adjuster is used for adjusting the cavity length at a fast speed, the first-stage cavity length adjuster and the second-stage cavity length adjuster serve as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement table are adopted.
A method for angular velocity detection using a two-way microwave-over-optical resonant system based on a circulator structure, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: working light in the clockwise direction passes through the clockwise annular resonant cavity and the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f1 frequency output is realized through the third microwave power divider;
working light in the counterclockwise direction passes through the counterclockwise annular resonant cavity and the counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f2 frequency output is realized through the second microwave power divider;
step 2: the working light in the clockwise direction and the working light in the counterclockwise direction generate opposite sagnac effects in the sensitive ring interferometer structure, and the difference frequency detection unit detects the frequency difference between the frequency f1 and the frequency f2 obtained in the step 1, namely beat frequency, and records the frequency difference as delta f;
and step 3: the angular velocity Ω of rotation can be obtained by the following formular
S is the area surrounded by the optical fiber sensitive ring in the sensitive ring interferometer structure, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency f1 or the frequency f2, and L is the total optical fiber length of the optical fiber sensitive ring; g1Working light enters the optical fiber sensing ring in a clockwise direction, and gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states; g2The working light enters the fiber sensing ring in the counterclockwise direction, and the gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states.
Further, when the two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the circulator structure is provided with a cavity length control system, the counterclockwise microwave frequency f1 distributed by the first microwave power divider and an external clock reference source are subjected to phase frequency discrimination and phase discrimination, and an output signal is used for controlling the cavity length adjuster through the cavity length control unit to realize locking of the counterclockwise resonance cavity length; at this time, the clockwise-direction cavity length variation is a sum of the clockwise-direction cavity length variation before the cavity length lock and the counterclockwise-direction cavity length variation before the cavity length lock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention combines a bidirectional regenerative mode locking technology and a traditional resonant optical gyroscope technology to construct a bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the Sagnac effect (Sagnac effect) principle. The system obtains highly stable microwave oscillation through bidirectional photoelectric oscillation to replace the traditional light wave oscillation and is used for rotating the angular velocityMeasuring the degree; the system utilizes a wide-spectrum optical interferometer to compensate nonreciprocal errors in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, and realizes the bidirectional structure reciprocity of the optical microwave resonance system; adjusting the polarization state of signal light transmitted in two directions in the sensitive ring to be vertical by using a sensitive ring interferometer structure; the invention has the advantages that the precision of the difference frequency detection of the microwave signal can be far higher than that of the optical difference frequency detection, the difference frequency detection of the microwave signal can be detected by a plurality of methods such as amplifying and frequency doubling, the signal to noise ratio is improved, and the frequency stability of the microwave oscillation signal can reach 10-13(ii) a The oscillation frequency in one direction is locked to a standard time reference source with higher stability, such as an atomic clock, so that the relative cavity length of the photoelectric oscillator can be stabilized, the temperature drift and optical parasitic noise of the optical fiber ring cavity are eliminated, and the frequency stability is further improved. The invention greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the bidirectional oscillation difference frequency signal caused by the Sagnac effect. The system and the method provided by the invention have the characteristics of strong practicability, high measurement precision and the like, and can meet the application requirements of the high-precision optical gyroscope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a bi-directional microwave-over-optical resonant system based on a circulator structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a bi-directional microwave-over-optical resonant system based on a circulator structure according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the components of a sensitive ring interferometer configuration;
in the figure, a wide-spectrum light source 1, 50:50 coupler 2, first wavelength division multiplexer 3, second wavelength division multiplexer 4, low-speed photoelectric converter 5, interferometer controller 6, cavity length compensation regulator 7, first optical amplifier 9, first photoelectric intensity modulator 10, first optical circulator 11, first optical coupler 12, narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13, first stage cavity length regulator 14, second stage cavity length regulator 15, second optical coupler 16, second optical amplifier 17, second photoelectric intensity modulator 18, second optical circulator 19, first regeneration cavity length regulator 20, first high-speed photoelectric detector 21, first microwave filtering amplification unit 22, first microwave power divider 24, second regeneration cavity length regulator 25, second high-speed photoelectric detector 26, second microwave filtering amplification unit 27, sensitive ring interferometer structure 29, cavity length control unit 30, cavity length compensation regulator 7, first optical amplifier 20, first optical amplifier 21, second optical amplifier, and second optical amplifier, A first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 37, a polarization beam splitter 38, an optical fiber sensing ring 39, a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 40, an external clock reference source 45, a second microwave power divider 46, a third microwave power divider 47 and a difference frequency detecting unit 48; the solid line part in the figure indicates the optical path connection, which is the optical path; the dotted lines indicate microwave circuit connections, which are electrical paths.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the bidirectional optical microwave-on-fiber resonant system based on the circulator structure provided in this embodiment includes a wide-spectrum light source, a 50:50 coupler, a first wavelength division multiplexer 3, a second wavelength division multiplexer 4, a low-speed photoelectric converter 5, an interferometer controller 6, a cavity length compensation adjuster 7, a first optical amplifier 9, a first photoelectric intensity modulator 10, a first optical circulator 11, a first optical coupler 12, a narrowband bidirectional optical filter 13, a second optical coupler 16, a second optical amplifier 17, a second photoelectric intensity modulator 18, a second optical circulator 19, a first regenerative cavity length adjuster 20, a first high-speed photoelectric detector 21, a first microwave filtering and amplifying unit 22, a first power divider 24, a second regenerative cavity length adjuster 25, a second high-speed photoelectric detector 26, a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit 27, a sensitive ring interferometer structure 29, a second high-speed photoelectric detector 26, a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit 27, A second microwave power divider 46, a third microwave power divider 47, and a difference frequency detection unit 48;
the first optical amplifier 9, the first photoelectric intensity modulator 10, the cavity length compensation regulator 7, the first optical circulator 11, the second wavelength division multiplexer 4, the first optical coupler 12, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13, the sensitive ring interferometer structure 29, the second optical coupler 16, the first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and the second optical circulator 19 are sequentially connected to form a clockwise annular resonant cavity; the clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through the first optical coupler 12, the second regenerative cavity length regulator 25, the second high-speed photoelectric detector 26, the second microwave filtering and amplifying unit 27 and the third microwave power divider 47 to modulate the first photoelectric intensity modulator 10 in a feedback manner, so that a clockwise regenerative mode-locking structure is formed; an electric signal generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is input into a difference frequency detection unit 48 through a third microwave power divider 47; the second regenerative cavity length adjuster 25 is used as an optical path adjusting unit, and may adopt devices such as an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a spatial optical displacement stage.
The second optical amplifier 17, the second photoelectric intensity modulator 18, the second optical circulator 19, the first wavelength division multiplexer 3, the second optical coupler 16, the sensitive ring interferometer structure 29, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13, the first optical coupler 12, the second wavelength division multiplexer 4 and the first optical circulator 11 are sequentially connected to form an anticlockwise annular resonant cavity; the counter-clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through the second optical coupler 16, the first regenerative cavity length regulator 20, the first high-speed photoelectric detector 21, the first microwave filtering amplification unit 22, the first microwave power divider 24 and the second microwave power divider 46 to be fed back to modulate the second photoelectric intensity modulator 18, so that a counter-clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is formed; an electric signal generated by the counterclockwise regenerative mode-locking structure is input to the difference frequency detection unit 48 through the second microwave power divider 46; the first regenerative cavity length adjuster 20 is used as an optical path adjusting unit, and may adopt devices such as an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a spatial optical displacement stage.
The wide-spectrum light source 1, 50:50 coupler 2, first wavelength division multiplexer 3, second wavelength division multiplexer 4, low-speed photoelectric converter 5, interferometer controller 6 and cavity length compensation regulator 7 form a forward and backward clock double-loop reciprocity error compensation wide-spectrum optical interferometer; the light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source 1 is divided into two arms through the 50:50 coupler 2, and the first arm enters the low-speed photoelectric converter 5 through the second wavelength division multiplexer 4, the first optical circulator 11, the second optical amplifier 17, the second photoelectric intensity modulator 18, the second optical circulator 19, the first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and the 50:50 coupler 2 in sequence; the second arm enters the low-speed photoelectric converter 5 through the first wavelength division multiplexer 3, the second optical circulator 19, the first optical amplifier 9, the first photoelectric intensity modulator 10, the cavity length compensation regulator 7, the first optical circulator 11, the second wavelength division multiplexer 4, the 50:50 coupler 2 in sequence; the detection signal of the low-speed photoelectric converter 5 passes through an interferometer controller 6 and is output to control a cavity length compensation regulator 7, so that the same optical path of two arms of the wide-spectrum optical interferometer is realized, and the nonreciprocal error caused by a non-bidirectional device on the two arms is eliminated; the light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source 1 is not interfered with clockwise resonance light and anticlockwise resonance light; the cavity length compensation adjuster 7 is used as an arm length adjusting unit of the wide-spectrum interferometer and can adopt devices such as an optical fiber stretcher, a dimmable time delay line or a space optical displacement platform and the like.
The sensitive ring interferometer structure 29 comprises a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 37, a polarization beam splitter 38, a fiber sensitive ring 39 and a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 40;
the clockwise resonant light passes through the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 37 to separate the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13 into two signals with central wavelengths respectively lambda1And λ2The two optical signals with vertical polarization states are divided into lambda by the polarization beam splitter 381And λ2The two paths of signals enter the optical fiber sensing ring 39 to sense the angular velocity, are combined by the polarization beam splitter 38, and are subjected to polarization state adjustment by the second orthogonal polarization state adjustment unit 40 to realize that the polarization state of the output signal of the sensing ring interferometer structure 29 is consistent with that of the input signal;
the counter-clockwise resonant light passes through the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 40 to separate the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13 into two signals with central wavelengths respectively lambda1And λ2The two optical signals with vertical polarization states are divided into lambda by the polarization beam splitter 381And λ2The two paths of signals enter the optical fiber sensing ring 39 to sense the angular velocity, are combined by the polarization beam splitter 38, and are subjected to the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 37 to realize that the polarization state of the output signal of the sensing ring interferometer structure 29 is consistent with that of the input signal.
In the bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the circulator structure, microwave signals generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure and the counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure are input into the microwave frequency difference detection unit 48 for angular velocity detection.
The narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13 carries microwave with resonant light when the system worksThe signal is changed into a dual-peak spectral signal, and the wavelengths corresponding to the spectral peaks are respectively lambda1And λ2，λ1And λ2Is a modulation signal fmAnd bidirectional double-frequency resonance is realized.
In the sensitive ring interferometer structure, the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 37 and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit 40 may be implemented by a plurality of polarization beam splitters and polarization state controllers.
In the sensitive ring interferometer structure, two paths of optical signals with vertical polarization states have different optical speeds when being transmitted in the sensitive ring in opposite directions, and SAGNAC effect detection gain of the sensitive ring is increased.
Lambda transmitted in counter-clockwise direction into sensitive loop1Wavelength signal and lambda transmitted in clockwise direction entering sensitive ring2The transmission paths of the wavelength signals are the same, and the polarization states are vertical; lambda transmitted in counter-clockwise direction into sensitive loop2Wavelength signal and lambda transmitted in clockwise direction entering sensitive ring1The transmission paths of the wavelength signals are the same, and the polarization states are vertical; the wavelength and polarization state separation of clockwise and counterclockwise working optical signals is realized;
the optical path difference (phase difference) generated by the sagnac effect of the clockwise resonant cavity and the anticlockwise resonant cavity is opposite in sign, so that the optical path difference generated by the unidirectional sagnac effect with the clockwise optical path difference and the anticlockwise optical path difference being twice is caused.
The method for detecting the angular velocity by using the two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the circulator structure comprises the following steps of:
step 1: the output light of the wide-spectrum light source 1 with the isolator is divided into two paths after being subjected to power equalization through a 50:50 coupler 2, the first path is injected into a first wavelength division multiplexer 3, then sequentially passes through a second optical circulator 19, a first optical amplifier 9, a first photoelectric intensity modulator 10, a cavity length compensation regulator 7 and a first optical circulator 11 in the clockwise direction, and finally is output through a second wavelength division multiplexer 4; the second path is injected into the second wavelength division multiplexer 4, then sequentially passes through the first optical circulator 11, the second optical amplifier 17, the second photoelectric intensity modulator 18 and the second optical circulator 19 along the anticlockwise direction, and finally is output through the first wavelength division multiplexer 3; two paths of output signals passing through the first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and the second wavelength division multiplexer 4 are coupled and returned through the same 50:50 coupler 2, interference superposed signals are subjected to photoelectric conversion through a low-speed photoelectric converter 5, and are fed back to an adjustment cavity length compensation adjuster 7 through an interferometer controller 6, so that the two arms of the interferometer are kept equal in length;
step 2: the output light of the first optical amplifier 9 enters a common cavity along the clockwise direction through a first photoelectric intensity modulator 10 and a first optical circulator 11, passes through a second wavelength division multiplexer 4 in the common cavity, is divided into two paths in a first optical coupler 12, and then enters the first optical amplifier 9 again after continuously passing through a narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13, a sensitive ring interferometer structure 29, a second optical coupler 16, a first wavelength division multiplexer 3 and a second optical circulator 19 to form an optical resonant cavity; the other path passes through a second regeneration cavity length regulator 25, then is subjected to photoelectric conversion through a second high-speed photoelectric detector 26, then is sent to a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit 27 for microwave filtering and amplification, and is divided into two paths through a third microwave power divider 47, wherein one path is injected into the first photoelectric intensity modulator 10 for microwave modulation to form a regeneration mode locking loop, and the other path is used as a resonant microwave output f1 in the clockwise direction; wherein the second regenerative cavity length adjuster 25 in front of the second high-speed photodetector 26 can change the phase of the microwave injected into the first photoelectric intensity modulator 10 by the regenerative mode-locked loop, so as to realize stable frequency output of f 1;
and step 3: the principle of the counterclockwise regenerative mode locking is similar to that of the clockwise regenerative mode locking, the output light of the second optical amplifier 17 enters a common cavity through the second photoelectric intensity modulator 18 and the second optical circulator 19 along the counterclockwise direction, the output light is divided into two paths through the second optical coupler 16 in the common cavity, and one path continues to enter the second optical amplifier 17 again after passing through the sensitive ring interferometer structure 29, the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter 13, the first optical coupler 12, the second wavelength division multiplexer 4 and the first optical circulator 11, so that an optical resonant cavity is formed; the other path passes through a first regeneration cavity length regulator 20, then is subjected to photoelectric conversion through a first high-speed photoelectric detector 21, then is sent to a first microwave filtering and amplifying unit 22 for microwave filtering and amplification, and is divided into two paths after passing through a first microwave power divider 24 and a second microwave power divider 46, one path is injected into a second photoelectric intensity modulator 18 for microwave modulation to form a regeneration mode locking loop, and the other path is used as a resonant microwave output f2 in the counterclockwise direction; the first regenerative cavity length adjuster 20 in front of the first high-speed photodetector 21 can change the microwave phase injected into the second photoelectric intensity modulator 18 by the regenerative mode-locked loop, so as to realize stable frequency output of f 2;
and 4, step 4: the clockwise working light and the counterclockwise working light generate opposite sagnac effects in the sensitive ring interferometer structure 29, and the difference frequency detection unit 48 detects the frequency difference between the frequency f1 and the frequency f2 obtained in step 1, i.e. beat frequency, which is recorded as Δ f;
and 5: the angular velocity Ω of rotation can be obtained by the following formular
S is the area surrounded by the optical fiber sensitive ring in the sensitive ring interferometer structure, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency f1 or the frequency f2, and L is the total optical fiber length of the optical fiber sensitive ring; g1Working light enters the optical fiber sensing ring in a clockwise direction, and gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states; g2The working light enters the fiber sensing ring in the counterclockwise direction, and the gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the bidirectional optical microwave-over-fiber resonant system based on the circulator structure provided in this embodiment further includes a cavity length control system based on embodiment 1, where the cavity length control system includes a cavity length adjuster, a cavity length control unit 30, and an external clock reference source 45.
The cavity length adjuster is arranged in the bidirectional annular resonant cavity, the first microwave power divider 24 is input into the cavity length control unit 30, the external clock reference source 45 is input into the cavity length control unit 30, and the cavity length control unit 30 is connected with the cavity length adjuster, so that the cavity length of the resonant cavity is stable.
Further, the cavity length adjuster includes a first-stage cavity length adjuster 14 and a second-stage cavity length adjuster 15, the adjusting range of the first-stage cavity length adjuster 14 is larger than that of the second-stage cavity length adjuster 15, the first-stage cavity length adjuster 14 is used for adjusting the cavity length at a slow speed, the second-stage cavity length adjuster 15 is used for adjusting the cavity length at a fast speed, the first-stage cavity length adjuster 14 and the second-stage cavity length adjuster 15 serve as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement table is adopted.
The counterclockwise microwave frequency f1 distributed by the first microwave power divider 24 performs frequency and phase discrimination with the external clock reference source 45, and an output signal passes through the cavity length control unit 30 to control the cavity length adjuster, so that the locking of the counterclockwise resonant cavity length is realized; at this time, the clockwise-direction cavity length variation is a sum of the clockwise-direction cavity length variation before the cavity length lock and the counterclockwise-direction cavity length variation before the cavity length lock.
One skilled in the art can, using the teachings of the present invention, readily make various changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modifications and equivalent variations of the above-described embodiments, which are made in accordance with the technical spirit and substance of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A two-way optical microwave-on-fiber resonance system based on a circulator structure is characterized by comprising a wide-spectrum light source (1), a 50:50 coupler (2), a first wavelength division multiplexer (3), a second wavelength division multiplexer (4), a low-speed photoelectric converter (5), an interferometer controller (6), a cavity length compensation regulator (7), a first optical amplifier (9), a first photoelectric intensity modulator (10), a first optical circulator (11), a first optical coupler (12), a narrow-band two-way optical filter (13), a second optical coupler (16), a second optical amplifier (17), a second photoelectric intensity modulator (18), a second optical circulator (19), a first regenerative cavity length regulator (20), a first high-speed photoelectric detector (21), a first microwave filtering and amplifying unit (22), a first microwave power divider (24), a second regenerative cavity length regulator (25), The device comprises a second high-speed photoelectric detector (26), a second microwave filtering amplification unit (27), a sensitive ring interferometer structure (29), a second microwave power divider (46), a third microwave power divider (47) and a difference frequency detection unit (48);
the first optical amplifier (9), the first photoelectric intensity modulator (10), the cavity length compensation regulator (7), the first optical circulator (11), the second wavelength division multiplexer (4), the first optical coupler (12), the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (13), the sensitive ring interferometer structure (29), the second optical coupler (16), the first wavelength division multiplexer (3) and the second optical circulator (19) are sequentially connected to form a clockwise annular resonant cavity; the clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through a first optical coupler (12), a second regenerative cavity length regulator (25), a second high-speed photoelectric detector (26), a second microwave filtering and amplifying unit (27) and a third microwave power divider (47) to be fed back to modulate a first photoelectric intensity modulator (10) to form a clockwise regenerative mode locking structure; an electric signal generated by the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure is input into a difference frequency detection unit (48) through a third microwave power divider (47);
the second optical amplifier (17), the second photoelectric intensity modulator (18), the second optical circulator (19), the first wavelength division multiplexer (3), the second optical coupler (16), the sensitive ring interferometer structure (29), the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (13), the first optical coupler (12), the second wavelength division multiplexer (4) and the first optical circulator (11) are sequentially connected to form an anticlockwise annular resonant cavity; the counter-clockwise resonant light sequentially passes through a second optical coupler (16), a first regeneration cavity length regulator (20), a first high-speed photoelectric detector (21), a first microwave filtering amplification unit (22), a first microwave power divider (24) and a second microwave power divider (46) to perform feedback modulation on a second photoelectric intensity modulator (18) to form a counter-clockwise regeneration mode locking structure; an electric signal generated by the counterclockwise regeneration mode locking structure is input into a difference frequency detection unit (48) through a second microwave power divider (46);
the wide-spectrum light source (1), the 50:50 coupler (2), the first wavelength division multiplexer (3), the second wavelength division multiplexer (4), the low-speed photoelectric converter (5), the interferometer controller (6) and the cavity length compensation regulator (7) form a forward and backward clock double-loop reciprocity error compensation wide-spectrum optical interferometer; light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source (1) is divided into two arms through the 50:50 coupler (2), and the first arm enters the low-speed photoelectric converter (5) through the second wavelength division multiplexer (4), the first optical circulator (11), the second optical amplifier (17), the second photoelectric intensity modulator (18), the second optical circulator (19), the first wavelength division multiplexer (3) and the 50:50 coupler (2) in sequence; the second arm enters a low-speed photoelectric converter (5) through a first wavelength division multiplexer (3), a second optical circulator (19), a first optical amplifier (9), a first photoelectric intensity modulator (10), a cavity length compensation regulator (7), a first optical circulator (11), a second wavelength division multiplexer (4) and a 50:50 coupler (2) in sequence; the detection signal of the low-speed photoelectric converter (5) passes through the interferometer controller (6) and is output to control the cavity length compensation regulator (7), so that the same optical path of the two arms of the wide-spectrum optical interferometer is realized, and the nonreciprocal error caused by the non-bidirectional device on the two arms is eliminated; the light emitted by the wide-spectrum light source (1) is not interfered with clockwise resonance light and anticlockwise resonance light;
the sensitive ring interferometer structure (29) comprises a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (37), a polarization beam splitter (38), a fiber sensitive ring (39) and a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (40);
the clockwise resonant light passes through a first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (37) to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (13) into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters an optical fiber sensitive ring (39) through a polarization beam splitter (38), and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter (38) and a second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (40) to adjust the polarization states back to the initial states;
the counter-clockwise resonant light passes through the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (40) to adjust the dual-peak spectral signal of the narrow-band bidirectional optical filter (13) into two paths of signals with vertical polarization states, enters the optical fiber sensitive ring (39) through the polarization beam splitter (38), and sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitter (38) and the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (37) to adjust the polarization states back to the initial states.
2. The two-way microwave-over-optical resonance system based on the circulator structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein microwave signals generated by the clockwise regenerative mode-locking structure and the counterclockwise regenerative mode-locking structure are input to the difference frequency detection unit (48) for angular velocity detection.
3. A two-way optical microwave-over-fiber resonance system based on a circulator structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the narrow-band two-way optical filter (13) converts the resonant optical microwave-over-fiber signal during system operation into a dual-peak spectral signal, and the spectral peaks correspond to wavelengths λ respectively1And λ2，λ1And λ2Is a modulation signal fmAnd bidirectional double-frequency resonance is realized.
4. The two-way microwave-over-light resonance system based on the circulator structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the sensitive ring interferometer structure (29) is implemented with a plurality of polarization beam splitters and polarization controllers as the first orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (37) and the second orthogonal polarization state adjusting unit (40).
5. The two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the circulator structure as recited in claim 1, wherein in the sensitive ring interferometer structure (29), the two signals with vertical polarization states have different optical speeds when being transmitted in the sensitive ring in a facing manner, and the detection gain of the SAGNAC effect of the sensitive ring is increased.
6. The two-way optical microwave-loaded resonant system based on the circulator structure of claim 1, wherein the first regenerative cavity length adjuster (20) and the second regenerative cavity length adjuster (25) are used as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a spatial optical displacement table are adopted; the cavity length compensation adjuster (7) is used as an arm length adjusting unit of the wide-spectrum interferometer and adopts an optical fiber stretcher, a dimmable time delay line or a space optical displacement platform.
7. The two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the circulator structure of claim 1, further comprising a cavity length control system, wherein the cavity length control system comprises a cavity length adjuster, a cavity length control unit (30) and an external clock reference source (45), the cavity length adjuster is disposed in the clockwise annular resonant cavity and the counterclockwise annular resonant cavity, the first microwave power divider (24) is input to the cavity length control unit (30), the external clock reference source (45) is input to the cavity length control unit (30), and the cavity length control unit (30) is connected to the cavity length adjuster to achieve stable cavity length of the resonant cavity.
8. The two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on the circulator structure is characterized in that the cavity length adjuster comprises a first-stage cavity length adjuster (14) and a second-stage cavity length adjuster (15), the adjusting range of the first-stage cavity length adjuster (14) is larger than that of the second-stage cavity length adjuster (15), the first-stage cavity length adjuster (14) is used for adjusting the cavity length slowly, the second-stage cavity length adjuster (15) is used for adjusting the cavity length rapidly, the first-stage cavity length adjuster (14) and the second-stage cavity length adjuster (15) are used as optical path adjusting units, and an optical fiber stretcher, an adjustable optical delay line or a space optical displacement platform is adopted.
9. A method for angular velocity detection using the two-way microwave-over-optical resonant system based on a circulator structure as claimed in claim 7, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: working light in the clockwise direction passes through the clockwise ring-shaped resonant cavity and the clockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f1 frequency output is realized through the third microwave power divider (47);
working light in the counterclockwise direction passes through the counterclockwise annular resonant cavity and the counterclockwise regenerative mode locking structure, and stable f2 frequency output is realized through the second microwave power divider (46);
step 2: the clockwise working light and the anticlockwise working light generate opposite sagnac effects in the sensitive ring interferometer structure (29), and the difference frequency detection unit (48) detects the frequency difference between the frequency f1 and the frequency f2 obtained in the step 1, namely beat frequency, which is recorded as delta f;
and step 3: by the following formula, that isThe angular velocity of rotation omega can be obtainedr
S is the area surrounded by the optical fiber sensitive ring in the sensitive ring interferometer structure, lambda is the wavelength corresponding to the frequency f1 or the frequency f2, and L is the total optical fiber length of the optical fiber sensitive ring; g1Working light enters the optical fiber sensing ring in a clockwise direction, and gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states; g2The working light enters the fiber sensing ring in the counterclockwise direction, and the gain is generated by two paths of sensing sagnac effects with vertical polarization states.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein when the bidirectional microwave over optical system based on the circulator structure has a cavity length control system, the counter-clockwise microwave frequency f1 distributed by the first microwave power divider (24) is subjected to phase frequency discrimination with an external clock reference source (45), and an output signal is used for controlling the cavity length adjuster through the cavity length control unit (30) to realize counter-clockwise resonant cavity length locking; at this time, the clockwise-direction cavity length variation is a sum of the clockwise-direction cavity length variation before the cavity length lock and the counterclockwise-direction cavity length variation before the cavity length lock.
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