CN109355516A - A kind of porous nickel alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of porous nickel alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109355516A
CN109355516A CN201811324454.9A CN201811324454A CN109355516A CN 109355516 A CN109355516 A CN 109355516A CN 201811324454 A CN201811324454 A CN 201811324454A CN 109355516 A CN109355516 A CN 109355516A
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nickel alloy
preparation
presoma
porous
ingot casting
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CN109355516B (en
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任伊宾
金光
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Hefei Jiuzhou Longteng Scientific And Technological Achievement Transformation Co ltd
Wuxi Tengda Haichuan New Material Co ltd
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Shenyang Ligong University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08Alloys with open or closed pores
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/023Alloys based on nickel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C18/00Alloys based on zinc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C19/00Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/04Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/06Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
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  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of porous nickel alloy and preparation method thereof, the porous nickel alloy chemical component composition and mass percent are as follows: Cu:1~30%, Zn≤5%, Mn≤2%, Sn:2~20%, Ga:0.1~15%, Mg≤5%, Al≤5%, surplus are Ni and inevitable impurity.Preparation method: (1) by melting alloy raw, casting obtains nickel alloy presoma ingot casting after cooling;(2) nickel alloy presoma ingot casting is cut, polishing obtains nickel alloy precursor samples;(3) nickel alloy precursor samples are subjected to vacuum heat treatment, temperature is 450~700 DEG C, and heat preservation or intermittent warming are carried out in continuous vacuum environment, obtains porous nickel alloy.The process is simple, is suitble to large-scale production, and products obtained therefrom adjustable porosity section can be applied to the fields such as fuel cell frame, separation, filtering, catalysis, noise reduction, shock-absorbing, shielding, heat exchange.

Description

A kind of porous nickel alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material fields, especially provide a kind of porous nickel alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
The development and application of metal polyporous material in recent years is increasingly subject to the concern of people, metal polyporous material (foam gold Belong to) it is made of rigid backbone and internal hole, the Novel engineering with excellent physical characteristic and good mechanical performance Material is developed rapidly in the late 1980s.(such as density is small, rigidity is big, compares table for the superior physical properties that it has Area is big, energy-obsorbing and damping performance is good, sound-deadening and noise-reducing effect is good, electromagnetic shielding performance is high etc.) so that its application field has been expanded to boat The fields such as sky, electronics, medical material and biochemistry.And the metal polyporous material with through-hole also has heat exchange heat-sinking capability By force, good penetrability, the advantages that thermal conductivity is high, Aeronautics and Astronautics, chemical industry, building materials, metallurgy, atomic energy, petrochemical industry, machinery, medicine and The numerous areas such as environmental protection are with a wide range of applications.Porous nickel or nickel foam have been widely used for battery electrode material at present The various fields such as material, filtration supports, chemical catalyst carrier, electromagnetic shielding material, noble metal displacement recycling.
Since preparing porous metal material with powder metallurgy process the early in the twentieth century mankind, the manufacture history of porous metals Existing last 100 years, traditional preparation method mainly have: powder sintering type, fiber sintering type, compound, appositional pattern, corrosion type etc.. Template is that a kind of important method of poromerics developed in recent years will be former using colloid crystal as template Material is filled in the hole of mould material, then by either physically or chemically removing mould material, to obtain mould material Reversed duplicate, i.e. porous material.The selection of template is the core procedure of this method, determines the structure and performance of porous material. But template or the technique of powder sintering are all relative complex.
Using porous matrix foamed plastics, conductive layer is prepared by the methods of chemical nickel plating, vacuum nickel plating, through nickel preplating The plating thick nickel in sulfate plating nickel electrolyte afterwards, then can obtain the three-dimensional of function admirable through calcination, reduction, annealing operation Reticulated foam nickel material.The porous nickel alloy of preparation is adopted this method, aperture is usually limited by the aperture of matrix foamed plastics System, aperture are usually larger.
De- alloyage is a kind of method for preparing nano-porous materials, can be used for preparing porous nickel alloy, but this Method belongs to dealloying corrosion, is typically all to carry out on metal material surface layer when being used to prepare porous metal material, it is difficult to prepare Massive material.The present invention provides a kind of method of large scale preparation micron order and the porous nickel alloy of the following size of micron, with Meet porous nickel in many necks such as the energy, Aeronautics and Astronautics, chemical industry, building materials, metallurgy, atomic energy, petrochemical industry, machinery, medicine and environmental protection The application in domain.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of porous nickel alloys and preparation method thereof, pass through a kind of vacuum heat treatment process Prepare the porous nickel alloy with three-dimensional through hole structure.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of porous nickel alloy, which is characterized in that the porous nickel alloy chemical component composition And mass percent are as follows: Cu:1~30%, Zn≤5%, Mn≤2%, Sn:2~20%, Ga:0.1~15%, Mg≤5%, Al ≤ 5%, surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity.
The porous nickel alloy, aperture are 0.1~50 μm, and porosity is 30~70%.
The porous nickel alloy can be applied to fuel cell frame, separation, filtering, catalysis, noise reduction, shock-absorbing, shielding, Field of heat exchange.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of porous nickel alloy, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of nickel alloy presoma: being formed by the chemical component of nickel alloy presoma and mass percent, and Cu:1~ 30%, Zn:30~60%, Mn:2~12%, Sn:2~20%, Ga:0.1~15%, Mg:1~6%, Al≤5%, nickel: remaining Amount is Ni and inevitable impurity, and by melting sources, casting obtains nickel alloy presoma ingot casting after cooling;
(2) processing of nickel alloy presoma ingot casting: nickel alloy presoma ingot casting is cut, and polishing obtains nickel alloy forerunner Body sample;
(3) preparation of porous nickel alloy: nickel alloy precursor samples are subjected to vacuum heat treatment, temperature is 450~700 DEG C, heat preservation or intermittent warming are carried out in continuous vacuum environment, vacuum degree≤10pa handles time >=1h, obtains porous nickel conjunction Gold.
Be added in the step (1), in the nickel alloy presoma one of mercury, indium, bismuth, cadmium, antimony or lead or It is a variety of, with nickel alloy presoma Mass Calculation, additional amount≤1 (wt) %.
In the step (1), the fusing step is the earthenware that nickel alloy precursor material is added to resistance furnace or induction furnace Heating fusing in crucible.
In the step (2), the nickel alloy presoma ingot casting cutting, polishing step is by nickel alloy presoma ingot casting It is cut with wire cutting machine tool, is then polished with liquid honing, obtain nickel alloy precursor samples;Or nickel alloy presoma is cast Ingot is forged into after plate or bar again using above method wire cutting at sample, and sanding and polishing obtains nickel alloy precursor samples.
In the step (3), the vacuum heat treatment carries out in vacuum heat treatment furnace.
In the step (3), the intermittent warming is in 450~700 DEG C, and heating rate is 5~100 DEG C/h.
In the step (3), the nickel alloy precursor samples are pre-processed before vacuum heat treatment, and described is pre- Processing method is that high temperature quenches, one or more in plastic deformation or high energy particle irradiation.
Firstly, the preparation method of porous nickel alloy of the present invention, main using uneven diffusion (Kinkendal Effect), in nickel The alloying element that a large amount of high diffusion coefficients are added in alloy presoma, in 400~800 DEG C of temperature ranges, due to alloying element Diffusion rate is much larger than the diffusion rate of matrix nickel element, more vacancy can be formed in the base, when vacancy runs up to one When determining degree, a large amount of vacancy is merged into many holes, ultimately forms porous nickel alloy.
In order to accelerate the formation of porous nickel alloy, the manganese of high-vapor-pressure, zinc and magnesium elements are added in alloy, 400~800 In DEG C temperature range, manganese, zinc and magnesium can by distillation, it is all or part of deviate from, to increase diffusion vacancy concentration gradients, into And vacancy is accelerated to form and promote the formation of porous nickel alloy.Manganese in alloy, zinc and magnesium can not as final alloying element, Can also be according to final use as one of alloying element, and copper, tin, gallium, aluminium and lithium, eventually as the alloy of porous nickel alloy Element.
Secondly, the diffusion of alloying element is influenced by temperature and time, different alloying elements and matrix nickel element have one A optimum temperature has maximum diffusion velocity poor, lower temperature lead to diffusion rate too and can not be formed slowly a large amount of vacancy at Hole, and higher temperature is then easy to cause the hole to be formed to be closed at high temperature.The present invention is in 400~800 DEG C of continuous vacuum environment In carry out heat preservation or intermittent warming, intermittent warming is from 450 DEG C to be slowly raised 700 DEG C;When the isothermal holding of different temperature zones Between, it is determined by alloy species and content, total processing time increases according to sample size and increased, and handles time >=1 hour.
Meanwhile the reduction of environmental pressure can promote the rate of diffusion, in order to increase diffusion rate, porous nickel of the present invention is closed The treatment process of gold is continuous vacuum environment.
The shape of porous nickel alloy of the present invention is not limited to block, can be the shapes such as paillon and powder.
The present invention has the advantages that
(1) alloying component can form solid solution with Ni substrate, and alloy preparation process is simple, and porous nickel alloy is using true Empty heat treatment process can carry out large-scale production, can not only prepare blocks of large, and it is particularly suitable prepare it is ultra-thin more Hole nickel foil and porous nickel powder or nickel ball;
(2) the porous homozygous fitting of present invention process preparation has through-hole structure, and porosity can according to alloying component ratio It adjusts;
(3) present invention process preparation porous nickel alloy, can be applied to fuel cell frame, separation, filtering, catalysis, The fields such as noise reduction, shock-absorbing, shielding, heat exchange.
Detailed description of the invention
The three-dimensional porous nickel alloy picture that Fig. 1 embodiment 1 obtains.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment will be further described the present invention, but not thereby limiting the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, all percentages indicate mass percent in the present embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of Ni34Mn5Zn50Sn6Cu2Mg2AlGa nickel alloy presoma: by nickel alloy presoma chemistry at Be grouped as and mass percent, Zn:50%, Mn:5%, Sn:6%, Cu:2%, Mg:2%, Ni:34%, surplus 1% be aluminium and Gallium element adds raw materials into the crucible of resistance furnace, after alloy all fusing uniformly, casting, before obtaining nickel alloy after cooling Drive body ingot casting;
(2) Ni34Mn5Zn50Sn6Cu2Mg2AlGa nickel alloy presoma ingot casting is cut, and obtains 20 × 20 × 1mm small pieces, It is suspended in vacuum heat treatment furnace Quartz stove tube, is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C and continue high vacuum 5 hours, then keep the temperature 2 hours at 700 DEG C, Vacuum degree is maintained within 10Pa, obtains three-dimensional porous nickel alloy, and aperture is 2~5 μm, porosity 40%, porous nickel alloy Picture is as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
(1) preparation of Ni40Zn40Cu8Sn7Mn3GaMgAl nickel alloy presoma: by the chemical component of nickel alloy presoma Composition and mass percent, Cu:8%, Zn:40%, Sn:7%, Mn:3%, Ni:40%, surplus 2% be gallium, magnesium and aluminium element, It adds raw materials into the crucible of induction furnace, after alloy all fusing uniformly, casting obtains the casting of nickel alloy presoma after cooling Ingot;
(2) Ni40Zn40Cu8Sn7Mn3GaMgAl nickel alloy presoma ingot casting is cut, and obtains 10 × 10 × 0.5mm small pieces, Be suspended in laboratory room small-sized vacuum heat treatment furnace, kept the temperature at 500 DEG C and continue high vacuum 4 hours, vacuum degree be maintained at 10Pa with It is interior, three-dimensional porous nickel alloy is obtained, aperture is 2~10 μm, porosity 50%.
Embodiment 3
(1) preparation of Ni40Zn40Ga10Mn5Mg3AlSnCu nickel alloy presoma: by nickel alloy presoma chemistry at It is grouped as and mass percent, Zn:40%, Ga:10%, Mn:5%, Mg:3%, Ni:40%, surplus 2% is aluminium, tin and copper coin Element adds raw materials into the crucible of resistance furnace, and after alloy all fusing uniformly, casting obtains nickel alloy presoma after cooling Ingot casting;
(2) Ni40Zn40Ga10Mn5Mg3AlSnCu nickel alloy presoma ingot casting, wire cutting is at 20 × 20 × 0.5mm thickness Piece, coated abrasive working are suspended in laboratory room small-sized vacuum heat treatment furnace to 0.3mm thickness, are kept the temperature 2 hours at 500 DEG C, are then existed 600 DEG C keep the temperature 1 hour, continue high vacuum, and vacuum degree is maintained within 10Pa, obtain three-dimensional porous nickel alloy, and aperture is 2~10 μm, porosity 50%.
Embodiment 4
(1) preparation of Ni30Zn40Cu10Sn8Mg5Mn5GaAl nickel alloy presoma: by nickel alloy presoma chemistry at Be grouped as and mass percent, Cu:10%, Zn:40%, Sn:8%, Mg:5%, Mn:5%, Ni:30%, surplus 2% be aluminium and Gallium element.It adds raw materials into the crucible of resistance furnace, after alloy all fusing uniformly, casting, before obtaining nickel alloy after cooling Drive body ingot casting.
(2) Ni30Zn40Cu10Sn8Mg5Mn5GaAl nickel alloy presoma ingot casting, wire cutting is at 10 × 15 × 1mm thickness Piece, coated abrasive working to 0.8mm thickness, be suspended in laboratory room small-sized vacuum heat treatment furnace, 450 DEG C pre-process 2 hours, then by 550 DEG C are gradually increased to, 6 hours is kept the temperature at 550 DEG C, continues high vacuum, vacuum degree is maintained within 10Pa, obtains three-dimensional porous nickel Alloy, aperture are 1~20 μm, porosity 60%.
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art Scholar cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all according to the present invention Equivalent change or modification made by Spirit Essence, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of porous nickel alloy, which is characterized in that the porous nickel alloy chemical component composition and mass percent are as follows: Cu:1~30%, Zn≤5%, Mn≤2%, Sn:2~20%, Ga:0.1~15%, Mg≤5%, Al≤5%, surplus be Ni and Inevitable impurity.
2. the porous nickel alloy according to claim 1, aperture is 0.1~50 μm, and porosity is 30~70%.
3. a kind of preparation method of porous nickel alloy described in claim 1, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
(1) preparation of nickel alloy presoma: being formed by the chemical component of nickel alloy presoma and mass percent, and Cu:1~ 30%, Zn:30~60%, Mn:2~12%, Sn:2~20%, Ga:0.1~15%, Mg:1~6%, Al≤5%, nickel: remaining Amount is Ni and inevitable impurity, and by melting sources, casting obtains nickel alloy presoma ingot casting after cooling;
(2) processing of nickel alloy presoma ingot casting: nickel alloy presoma ingot casting is cut, and polishing obtains nickel alloy presoma sample Product;
(3) preparation of porous nickel alloy: carrying out vacuum heat treatment for nickel alloy precursor samples, and temperature is 450~700 DEG C, Heat preservation or intermittent warming are carried out in continuous vacuum environment, vacuum degree≤10pa handles time >=1h, obtains porous nickel alloy.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (1), the nickel alloy forerunner One of mercury, indium, bismuth, cadmium, antimony or lead or a variety of is added, with nickel alloy presoma Mass Calculation, additional amount≤1 in body (wt) %.
5. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (1), the fusing step is by nickel Heating fusing in the crucible of resistance furnace or induction furnace is added in alloy precursor material.
6. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (2), the nickel alloy presoma Ingot casting cutting, polishing step are to cut nickel alloy presoma ingot casting with wire cutting machine tool, are then polished, are obtained with liquid honing To nickel alloy precursor samples;Or nickel alloy presoma ingot casting is forged into after plate or bar again using above method wire cutting At sample, sanding and polishing obtains nickel alloy precursor samples.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (3), the vacuum heat treatment exists It is carried out in vacuum heat treatment furnace.
8. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (3), the intermittent warming be In 450~700 DEG C, heating rate is 5~100 DEG C/h.
9. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (3), the nickel alloy presoma Sample is pre-processed before vacuum heat treatment, and the preprocess method is high temperature quenching, plastic deformation or high energy particle spoke It is one or more according in.
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841868A (en) * 1972-12-22 1974-10-15 Howmedica Nickel alloys
JPS5567336A (en) * 1978-11-16 1980-05-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Preparation of catalyst
CN103627920A (en) * 2013-11-11 2014-03-12 江苏大学 Preparation method of porous nickel
CN105018771A (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-04 中国科学院金属研究所 Preparation method of nickel foam or nickel foam substrate alloy
CN105018770A (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-04 中国科学院金属研究所 Method for preparing porous metal material and application thereof
CN106801159A (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-06 常德力元新材料有限责任公司 A kind of preparation method of nickel foam or foam nickel-base alloy

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3841868A (en) * 1972-12-22 1974-10-15 Howmedica Nickel alloys
JPS5567336A (en) * 1978-11-16 1980-05-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Preparation of catalyst
CN103627920A (en) * 2013-11-11 2014-03-12 江苏大学 Preparation method of porous nickel
CN105018771A (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-04 中国科学院金属研究所 Preparation method of nickel foam or nickel foam substrate alloy
CN105018770A (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-04 中国科学院金属研究所 Method for preparing porous metal material and application thereof
CN106801159A (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-06 常德力元新材料有限责任公司 A kind of preparation method of nickel foam or foam nickel-base alloy

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