CN109352995A - A kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109352995A CN109352995A CN201810977277.8A CN201810977277A CN109352995A CN 109352995 A CN109352995 A CN 109352995A CN 201810977277 A CN201810977277 A CN 201810977277A CN 109352995 A CN109352995 A CN 109352995A
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- Prior art keywords
- consumptive material
- color
- cylinder
- piston
- application method
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
A kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method include cylinder barrel, piston, line conveyer belt, hot end and three-dimensional movable part.The volume of small, each transmission consumptive material of internal diameter of cylinder is few, piston high frequency motion；The band of conveyer mechanism is replaced with line, line conveyer belt is obtained, has pipeline around line, increases the pressure of printing consumables, when conduit cross-sectional area reduces or encounters barrier, consumptive material pressure is bigger；Full-color print head is divided into multiple groups piston cylinder and line conveyer belt, including master cylinder cylinder piston, there are also the piston cylinder of the consumptive materials such as three primary colours, white, black, transparent, water-soluble and line conveyer belts, three primary colours, the consumptive material dosage of black are obtained using print color model, the consumptive material total amount that the amount of white consumptive material is equal to a voxel subtracts the sum of above-mentioned consumptive material dosage, driving has the corresponding piston of cylinder barrel of residual consumptive material, and remaining consumptive material is transferred to master cylinder cylinder, prints a voxel and needs to clear up repeatedly；Using the reducible material of volume, printing fineness is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is mainly used in 3 D-printing field.
Background technique
Full-color 3D printing can be realized, one of important technology of dependence, exactly efficiently, quickly, it is quantitative, small
Consumptive material transmission method.The fine degree of 3D printing depends on the minimum of transmission consumptive material, current small consumptive material transmission method just like
Lower several method.
The ink-jet method of conventional two-dimensional printing.Such as thermal-induction type ink-jet technology (thermal inkjet
It technology) is to spray in area in ink by the heating ink less than 0.5 % using a thin film resistor, form one
Steam bubble.This steam bubble is spread at a terrific speed to be come, and drops out from nozzles is forced to spray.
This method can combine FDM(Fused Deposition Modeling technique Fused Deposition Modeling) technology, it provides
Full-color printing solution.One layer of white plastic first is printed with FDM, then the 2D printing inkjet color in the level, stacked in multi-layers is not
Only form three-dimensional shape and surface color and polish also split completion.Printing effect can be said to be can be with, but has a disadvantage that.Two dimension printing
It is monopolized with print cartridge by several companies, it is expensive.In addition, the ink that a drop is colored, will spread out after spraying print head,
Thickness is small in Z-direction, and ink droplet is big in X/Y plane inner area.If ink is allowed to have thickness, the area of plane can be reduced.
Ink-jet method can be combined with 3DP technology, provide full-color printing solution.Using 3DP technology by by adhesive and coloured silk
Chromatic ink is sprayed on powder thin layer, and each component is successively created in a manner of printing cross-sectional data, creates the entity of three-dimensional colour
Model.As ink-jet combination FDM, the fineness of printing is not high, and the object printed seems " sandstone ".
Ink-jet method is only suitable for liquid, and the material specifically shaped needs other method to transmit.One tissue points is from more
A delivering path, so that tissue points volume is larger.
The transmission method of small consumptive material also vibrates transmission method, and (application number: 2017106792370) invention passes through vibration
It is dynamic, space of the powder by very little is allowed, to realize the micro, accurate of powder and uniformly transmit.This method the disadvantage is that, dynamics is not
Foot, can not form pressure, and consumptive material is allowed to spray print head.
Traditional transmission method is difficult to the transmission of small quantity.When transmission pipeline internal diameter only has 1 millimeter or less, substantially
On can all block.
Piston cylinder mechanism, such as syringe are exactly that this mechanism is utilized.When internal diameter of cylinder drops to 1 millimeter or less
When, in transmission powder, just it is easy to whens paste materials, sticky object that there is a situation where block.So common thin pancake 3D printing,
Pottery mud 3D printing, effect are generally all very coarse.
Conveyer belt tenses conveyer belt by driving device, and middle part framework and carrying roller composition conveyer belt are as traction and carrying structure
Part, so as to fragmentary material or member product are continuously conveyed.Object on conveyer belt is more open, without pressure.Conveyer belt is generally not
It is suitble to small transmission.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides two kinds, quickly, has certain pressure intensity, quantitative, small consumptive material transmission method.The two sides
Method can transmit a variety of printing consumables.Both methods is finally utilized, a kind of full-color print head has been invented.Use this print head
Printer, full-color object can be printed, printing effect is bright in luster, and fineness is high, can also print hanging object.
When internal diameter of cylinder in piston cylinder mechanism is narrowed down to 1 millimeter or less (containing 1 millimeter) by the present invention, transmit every time
Minimal amount of printing consumables, so that it may efficiently solve the generation of stopping state.Frequency by improving piston reciprocating, which improves, to be passed
Defeated speed.This transmission method is suitble to transmit liquid, sticky object, paste materials, the mud (mixing of liquid and any ratio of powder
Object, semi-solid state) and powder (dry).Consumptive material transmission quantity and piston reciprocating number are at positive variation relationship.
Because piston is working in reciprocating mode, the 3D printing consumptive material of cylinder barrel outlet, and discontinuously spray, so must make to live
It is plugged with the reciprocating frequence being exceedingly fast, could macroscopically show the phenomenon that continuously spraying consumptive material.In addition, quickly moving back and forth frequency
Rate improves consumptive material transmission speed.
3D printer, driving print head are mobile, and motor is typically all stepping, so print head is from microcosmic
Discontinuously move.But motor cadence is very fast, macroscopically shows print head continuous moving.The stepper motor of mobile print head
Cadence and the frequency of piston reciprocating are equal, and continuous state is presented in the 3D printing consumptive material that cylinder barrel can be allowed to export.
Generally, stepper motor frequency is fast (representative value 500Hz, or even faster), piston reciprocating frequency it is slow (most 20Hz,
At least only 3Hz or so), when practical application, stepper motor cadence is slightly above piston reciprocating frequency.
Because the cross-sectional area of piston is minimum, pressure is high when consumptive material transmits, and consumptive material is facilitated finally to spray.
It is buffered, can also be alleviated because piston reciprocating bring ejection consumptive material is discontinuous using one section of flexible capillary
The phenomenon that.When consumptive material promotes the capillary of elasticity by piston, the internal diameter of flexible capillary becomes larger, and sprays the speed of consumptive material
It will not improve very much；When piston is retracted, capillary inner diameter becomes smaller, and still has some consumptive materials to spray.
The present invention replaces the band of conveyer mechanism using line, can effectively transmit micro printing consumables；Online outside
Put on pipeline, so that it may generate pressure to the printing consumables of transmission.The method, similarly suitable transmission liquid, sticky object, paste
Object, mud (mixture of liquid and any ratio of powder, semi-solid state) and powder (dry).
The consumable quantity of transmission and the working time of line conveyer belt at simple proportional relation, facilitate determining consumptive material transmission quantity；
And it improves motor speed and transmission speed can be improved.
In transmission process, the cross-sectional area of pipeline reduces suddenly or encounters barrier, can effectively improve consumptive material
Pressure.If pipeline has hole, High Voltage can spray the consumptive material of transmission from hole.Consumptive material always and then transport by the line of closure
It is dynamic, so consumptive material can not be allowed to spray in the end of pipeline.
Certain ropy lines, around online has some hairs.These hairs can preferably help to transmit 3D printing consumption
Material.
It is printed using the consumptive material of variable volume.When transmission, the volume of the corresponding consumptive material of a voxel is big, in this way to biography
The required precision of defeated machinery is low, strength of materials requirement is low；Consumptive material volume becomes smaller when printing, and voxel volume is small, the fineness of printing
It is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is piston cylinder mechanism sectional view.1 cylinder barrel, 2 pistons (and piston rod), 3 a small amount of printing consumables in figure
Powder, 4 internal diameter of cylinder.
Fig. 2 is line conveyer mechanism.The feed bin of 1 3D printing consumptive material, 2 3D printing consumptive materials, 3 motors, 4 lines, 5 in figure
Pipeline.
Fig. 3 is the combination of piston cylinder and line conveyer belt.1 cylinder barrel, 2 pistons (and piston rod), 3 3D are beaten in figure
Print the feed bin, 4 pipelines, 5 parts shown for Fig. 4 of consumptive material.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of cylinder barrel pipeline monitor, that is, 5 in Fig. 3.1 cylinder barrel in figure, 2 pistons (and piston
Bar), 3 lines (below cylinder barrel), 4 pipelines, 5 cylinder barrel notches.
Fig. 5 is the course of work of Fig. 4.In figure 1 piston retract, 2 line conveyer belt transfer printing consumptive materials, 3 cylinder barrel notches
Nearby enter consumptive material, 4 piston starts operations, 5 consumptive materials to spray.
Fig. 6 is double-colored print head (simplification having been done in figure, actual color is richer, can also include soluble material).Figure
In 1 master cylinder cylinder piston, the piston cylinder of 2 white consumptive materials, 3 black consumptive materials piston cylinder.
Fig. 7 is Fig. 6 situation, white consumptive material sprays a, duty cycle.The piston work of 1 white consumptive material in figure
Make, the most of consumptive material of 2 main pistons work is ejected the work that small part consumptive material enters the cylinder barrel of black consumptive material, 3 black consumptive materials
Plug work, 4 remaining consumptive materials are ejected.
Specific implementation
Technical solution of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawing, it is clear that, described attached drawing is only using this
A part of example of invention rather than whole example.
Cylinder barrel (1) piston (2) as shown in Figure 1, cylinder barrel use 0.5 millimeter of internal diameter (4), the stainless steel that 0.7 millimeter of outer diameter
Capillary；Piston (2) and piston rod are made of one, and are exactly 0.5 millimeter of the straight stick of stainless steel.Piston driving uses reciprocating linear electricity
Machine.It is minimal amount of dyeing (or white) PLA powder in cylinder barrel.Experiment display, as long as length of the PLA powder in cylinder barrel
More than 5 millimeters, cylinder barrel necessarily blocks degree.So in general, for primary transmission quantity less than 5 cubic millimeters, representative value only has 1 to stand
Square millimeter.
Line conveyer belt as shown in Figure 2 replaces the band of conveyer mechanism using line.When motor (3) rotation, line follows electricity
Machine output shaft rotates, and the powder around line will follow line movement (powder particles speed is slower than line movement).Powder enters pipe
Behind road (5), there has been certain pressure, that is, overstock it is more tangible.
As shown in figure 3, cylinder barrel (1) piston (2) and line conveyer belt, in conjunction with the case where.Cylinder barrel (1) has passed through pipeline (4).
By (5) amplification in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 has just been obtained.
In Fig. 4, cylinder barrel (1) has a notch (5) in the place towards line (4) direction of motion.Figure middle line (4) is in cylinder barrel
(5) below, the part being blocked is not drawn.The specific works period is as shown in Figure 5.
In Fig. 5, (1) piston, which retreats, starts a new period.(2) PLA powder particle, as line moves.(3) particle arrives
It up at cylinder barrel, meets with obstruction, pressure increases suddenly.Partial particulate is just squeezed into cylinder barrel.(4) when powder is enough in cylinder barrel, piston
Just it starts to work.(5) PLA powder is finally sprayed from cylinder barrel mouth.
As shown in fig. 6, being a double-colored print head.Here figure is done for convenience, is simplified.In fact, to realize complete
The hanging printing of color and support, other than master cylinder cylinder piston, it is also necessary to which 7 piston cylinders and line conveyer belt, they transmit water respectively
The consumptive material of dissolubility consumptive material (optional) and following color: magenta, cyan, yellow, black, white and Transparent color (can be only with wherein
It is several).Water-soluble consumptive material is for printing support.Specific working method such as Fig. 7.
As shown in fig. 7, the case where printing lily voxel, the line conveyer belt of white consumptive material is by powder delivery to cylinder barrel
Interior, the piston of (1) white consumptive material works first, and white PLA powder is pushed into master cylinder cylinder.(2) main piston works, by PLA powder
It sprays, but small part white powder can be remained in black consumptive material cylinder barrel at this time.The line transmission of black consumptive material at this time
Band does not work, (3) but the pistons work of black consumptive material, and residual powder is pushed back master cylinder cylinder.(4) last main piston work again
Make, remaining consumptive material all sprays.If printing the voxel of grey, black consumptive material line conveyer belt can be inserted between (2) (3)
The step of work.As the last one color, it is not necessary to be again started up main piston.
The cylinder barrel end that the piston of black consumptive material can also be rested on to black consumptive material, prevents white consumptive material powder from entering cylinder
Cylinder；But generally piston movement speed is very fast, it is more difficult to be accurately positioned.
If it is more colors, being distributed from top to bottom is successively A, B, C.When printing A colour solid element, A powder remains in B
In cylinder barrel；After it is removed out of B cylinder barrel, the powder remained in B cylinder barrel originally can also remain in again in C cylinder barrel, also
It needs to remove again.In short, driving has the corresponding piston of cylinder barrel of residual consumptive material, remaining consumptive material is transferred in master cylinder cylinder,
Remaining consumptive material is sprayed with main piston.
If printing the voxel of random color, magenta, cyan, yellow, the consumption of black are first obtained according to print color model
Material dosage obtains the dosage of white consumptive material further according to total dosage of a voxel.The dosage of various colors powder is converted to line biography
Send the working time of band.With the piston of each color, powder supplies are transferred to master cylinder cylinder, are sprayed mixed consumptive material by main piston
Out.Finally also to remove remaining consumptive material.
The consumptive material total amount of each voxel is equal.White consumable quantity is equal to consumptive material total amount and subtracts magenta, cyan, Huang
The sum of color, consumptive material dosage of black.
For a kind of consumptive material of color, essence is the pigment that white consumptive material is mixed into corresponding color.The essence of colour mixture is two
Point, 1 obtains the white consumptive material of specific quantity.2 obtain the four color pigment that drawing color presses print color model conversion.
It can also only be printed with white consumptive material and various pigment, without in advance mixing pigment and consumptive material.Because pigment and
The property of PLA powder particle is different, will increase the complexity of micro Transmission system in this way.
When encountering color change, it is only necessary to print the voxel of two different colours.Color line of demarcation is quite bright
It is aobvious.
Generally, it is filled with white consumptive material, so the cylinder barrel of white consumptive material is placed on bottom, avoids the white of filling
Color consumptive material stays in other cylinder barrels, to avoid the work that also carry out cleaning residual consumptive material when filling.
For each voxel, it is arranged according to drawing requirement and client, calculates the dosage of transparent/translucent consumptive material.
Support section is printed with water-soluble consumptive material.Water-soluble consumptive material and common consumptive material are sprayed in a printing port, avoid two
The calibration of positional relationship between a print head, printing is convenient, precision is high.After printing support section, so that it may with common consumption
Material prints hanging object.
Because having used print color model, the object color of last printing is bright-coloured, beautiful.Because of a voxel
There is size on three directions in space, without being spread out in XY plane, so voxel level area is small, printing effect
Finely.
For PLA powder, also it is heated before its ejection, make its fusing.Heating method and common FDM heating
Mode is the same, is heated with the hot end that resistance does heat source.
PLA powder, after heating fusing, volume substantially reduces.The volume and size of voxel are effectively reduced in this way, from
And increase the fineness of printing.
In the way of the mobile print head of common FDM 3D printer, mobile print head.The present invention and common FDM are three-dimensional
The three-dimensional movable part of printer is identical.
Emphasis of the invention is that piston cylinder mechanism transmits minimal amount of consumptive material every time and removes remaining consumptive material in cylinder barrel.
The following improved direction of the invention is exactly the reciprocating frequence for improving piston and the internal diameter for reducing cylinder barrel.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method include cylinder barrel, piston, line conveyer belt, hot end and three-dimensional moving portion
Point, which is characterized in that internal diameter of cylinder is less than or equal to 1 millimeter.
2. a kind of described full-color 3D printer and its application method, application method are characterized in that according to claim 1,
The volume of each transfer printing consumptive material of piston cylinder mechanism is less than 5 cubic millimeters.
3. a kind of described full-color 3D printer and its application method, application method are characterized in that according to claim 1,
Reciprocating motion of the pistons frequency is higher than 3Hz.
4. a kind of described full-color 3D printer and its application method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that replaces biography with line
The band of tape-feed obtains line conveyer belt.
5. a kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that line conveyer belt
Line puts on pipeline and increases by the pressure of transmission consumptive material.
6. a kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that line conveyer belt
The cross-sectional area of pipeline is reduced or is placed obstacles suddenly object, improves the pressure of consumptive material, consumptive material is squeezed out pipeline.
7. a kind of described full-color 3D printer and its application method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that full-color print head
Be divided into multiple groups piston cylinder and line conveyer belt, including master cylinder cylinder piston, there are also magenta, cyan, yellow, white, black,
The corresponding piston cylinder of the consumptive materials such as transparent, water-soluble and line conveyer belt.
8. a kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that driving has residual
The corresponding piston of the cylinder barrel of consumptive material, remaining consumptive material is transferred in master cylinder cylinder, is sprayed remaining consumptive material with main piston, printing one
A voxel needs to clear up repeatedly.
9. a kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method, application method according to claim 7 are characterized in that,
Magenta, cyan, yellow, the consumptive material dosage of black are obtained using print color model, and the amount of white consumptive material is equal to a voxel
Consumptive material total amount subtract the sum of magenta, cyan, yellow, consumptive material dosage of black.
10. a kind of described full-color 3D printer and its application method, application method are characterized in that according to claim 1,
Consumptive material is done using the reducible material of volume, and the volume of the corresponding consumptive material of one voxel is big when transmission, and consumptive material volume contracts when printing
It is small, improve the fineness of printing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810977277.8A CN109352995A (en) | 2018-08-26 | 2018-08-26 | A kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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| CN201810977277.8A CN109352995A (en) | 2018-08-26 | 2018-08-26 | A kind of full-color 3D printer and its application method |
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| CN109352995A true CN109352995A (en) | 2019-02-19 |
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