CN109352536B - Pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method - Google Patents
Pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109352536B CN109352536B CN201811246385.4A CN201811246385A CN109352536B CN 109352536 B CN109352536 B CN 109352536B CN 201811246385 A CN201811246385 A CN 201811246385A CN 109352536 B CN109352536 B CN 109352536B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- rotor
- rectangular
- pressure outlet
- radius
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
- B24C3/32—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks
- B24C3/325—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants designed for abrasive blasting of particular work, e.g. the internal surfaces of cylinder blocks for internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
- B24B31/116—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using plastically deformable grinding compound, moved relatively to the workpiece under the influence of pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C9/00—Appurtenances of abrasive blasting machines or devices, e.g. working chambers, arrangements for handling used abrasive material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and a method, provides a pulse generating device capable of generating four different pressure forms, and generates stable sine-like pressure waves, triangular pressure waves, trapezoidal pressure waves and standard sine-cosine pressure waves according to different mechanical structures by designing different tooth shapes and different tooth pitches so as to achieve the effect of enhancing the turbulent kinetic energy of fluid, thereby achieving the effect of uniform processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of abrasive particle flow processing technology and ultra-precision processing, and particularly relates to an impulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method. Pulsed abrasive particle flow belongs to the field of ultra-precision technology processing.
Background
The abrasive particle flow polishing is to remove materials generated by mutual friction between abrasive particles at the position close to a wall and the wall surface of a workpiece under the action of pressure, so that when only collision between particles and the wall surface is considered, and surface oxidation caused by high temperature is not considered, the larger the particle concentration at the wall surface is, the larger the particle number is, the better the processing effect is, and a laminar flow field enables the surface of the workpiece to present certain regularity, which is not allowed by finish machining, while disorder presented by micro-machining of a turbulent flow field can reduce the regularity of the surface of the workpiece to be processed and improve the processing effect. Therefore, in the prior art, a magnetic field and an electric field are usually added on the basis of a working medium with constant pressure, so that the turbulence intensity is enhanced, and the purpose of improving the flow disorder of a flow field is achieved. Although the addition of the auxiliary modes can achieve the effect of enhancing the turbulent kinetic energy, the electric field and the magnetic field have directionality, so that the fine machining effect cannot meet high requirements, and meanwhile, the addition of the auxiliary modes can cause the complexity of the structure of the auxiliary modes, so that the addition of the auxiliary modes to the flow field has certain limitation, and the application range of the auxiliary modes is limited.
Chinese patent CN105150112A proposes to adopt a pulse pressure pump to realize the supply of pulse pressure and directly change the form of the flow field to achieve the effect of enhancing the turbulence intensity, however, the addition of the pulse pressure pump requires the replacement of the original hydraulic pump and the replacement of the control program, thus increasing the cost virtually, although realizing pulse pressure, improving turbulence energy, improving the processing efficiency and reducing the regularity of the processed surface, but not satisfying the requirements of economy and energy saving, and sometimes the conditions of some devices limit themselves, and the pulse pressure pump cannot be replaced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is solved: the pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method solve the problems of the existing machining precision and the complex equipment and achieve green and efficient machining with high precision and easy operation.
In order to achieve the above object, a pulsed abrasive flow polishing apparatus of the present invention includes: a hydraulic system, a pulse generator and a power system;
the hydraulic system includes: the hydraulic oil circuit (1), the hydraulic meter (3), the hydraulic pump (5) and the upper joint (15); the hydraulic pump (5) transmits the grinding fluid in the oil tank to an upper joint (15) through a hydraulic oil circuit (1), and the upper joint (15) transmits the grinding fluid to the interior of the rotor (10) through a rotary joint (14) to provide stable pressure so that pressure waves in different forms are generated after the rotor (10) rotates;
the pulse generator includes: the cross section is shown in figure 2, the rotary joint (14) and the stator (8) are shown in figure 3, and the upper end of the rotary joint is provided with a convex baffle plate (801); the middle part of the stator is provided with a pressure outlet (802), the rotor (10) is shown in figure 4, the upper end of the stator is provided with a mounting hole of a rotary joint (14), the middle part of the stator is provided with a U-shaped groove (1001), the bottom of the stator is provided with teeth (1002) and a baffle (1003) with different shapes, a lower lining plate (9) is shown in figure 5, the baffle is provided with a threaded hole (901), a positioning boss (903), a mounting boss (902) and a bearing (7) are arranged below the baffle, the rotary joint (14) is arranged with the rotor (10) through threads, a driven wheel (2) is arranged with the rotor (10) through a key connection, the lower lining plate (9) is arranged at the lower end of the rotor (10) through a nut, the bearing (7) is arranged on the mounting boss (902) of the lower lining plate (9), and the stator, a small hole is formed in the outer side of the stator (8) and used for installing a workpiece (6) to be processed;
the power system comprises: motor (11), action wheel (12), gear belt (13) and driven wheel (2), motor (11) rotate and drive action wheel (12) and rotate, action wheel (12) drive gear belt (13) motion, driven wheel (2) are being connected to the other end of gear belt (13), and gear belt (13) motion drives driven wheel (2) motion, driven wheel (2) are connected on rotor (10), make rotor (10) and driven wheel (2) rotate together.
A U-shaped groove (1001) is formed in the middle of the rotor (10), and the bottom of the rotor (10) is provided with tooth forms (1002) and baffles (1003) in different shapes; the upper end of the rotor (10) is connected with the rotary joint (14) through threads, the lower lining plate (9) is connected to a baffle (1003) of the rotor (10) through screws, the stator (8) is tightly installed with the bearing (7) through interference fit, the bearing (7) is installed on an installation boss (902) of the lower lining plate (9) through interference fit, and a convex baffle (801) is arranged at the upper end of the stator (8); the middle part of the stator is provided with a pressure outlet (802); according to the different tooth shapes (1002) and the sizes of the tooth shapes (1002) and the baffle plates (1003), the corresponding pressure outlet (802) forms are matched to generate different forms of pulse pressure waves.
The U-shaped groove (1001) and the convex baffle (801) form a sealing area, resistance of fluid outflow is increased, and a sealing effect is achieved.
The tooth shapes (1002) and the pressure outlets (802) with different shapes are matched with each other to generate pressure waves with different wave forms;
when the tooth profile (1002) is rectangular, the pressure outlet (802) is circular, and the width of the tooth profile (1002) is equal to the diameter of the pressure outlet (802), the pressure of the pressure outlet (802) is calculated according to the stable pressure provided inside the rotor (10) as follows:
wherein
v is the linear velocity on the outer circumference of the lower end of the rotor (10),n is the number of periods of the pulsed pressure wave, R1Is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3Is the radius of the lower end of the rotor (10), R4Is the radius of the pressure outlet (802), P1Providing pressure generated by constant pressure inside the rotor (10), wherein omega is the rotating speed of the rotor (10), t is time, and the output is sine-like pressure wave, as shown in fig. 8, in a pressure period, the output pressure in the first half of the pressure period is increased along with the increase of time, and the output pressure in the second half of the pressure period is decreased along with the increase of time, but the change form of the pressure is neither linear increase nor strict sine-cosine increase;
as shown in fig. 6, when the tooth profile (1002) is rectangular, the pressure outlet (802) is rectangular, the stator (8) is provided with a convex baffle (801), the pressure outlet (802) is rectangular, and the width of the tooth profile (1002) is greater than the diameter of the pressure outlet (802), the pressure at the rectangular pressure outlet (802) is calculated according to the stable pressure provided inside the rotor (10) as follows:
h is the vertical height of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), a is the width of the rectangular pressure outlet (802) as shown in figure 13, the left side is the top view of the stator (8), the right side is the axonometric view of the stator (8), the length of a is the length of the circular arc on the same horizontal height of the inner wall of the stator, b is the width of the baffle (1003), c is the width of the tooth form (1002), the left side is the axonometric view of the rotor (10) as shown in figure 12, the right side is the top view of the rotor (10), b is the arc length corresponding to the baffle (1003) on the same horizontal on the outer side of the rotor, c is the width corresponding to the tooth form (1002) on the same horizontal, P is1Providing a pressure generated by a constant pressure inside the rotor (10), N being a period, v being a linear velocity on an outer circumference of a lower end of the rotor (10),R1is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3The radius of the lower half part of the rotor (10) is shown, a triangular wave is output at the moment, as shown in fig. 9, the output pressure shows linear change in a pulse pressure period, in the first half period, the output pulse pressure increases along with the increase of time, in the second half period, the output pulse pressure decreases along with the increase of time, and a zero pressure part is arranged between the two periods;
when the tooth profile (1002) is rectangular, the pressure outlet (802) is rectangular, and the width of the tooth profile (1002) is larger than the diameter of the pressure outlet (802), the pressure of the rectangular pressure outlet (802) is calculated according to the stable pressure provided in the rotor (10) as follows:
h is the vertical height of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), a is the width of the pressure outlet (802), b is the width of the baffle (1003), c is the width of the tooth form (1002), and P is1Providing pressure generated by constant pressure in the rotor (10), wherein N is a period, v is a linear velocity on the outer circle of the circumference of the lower end of the rotor (10),R1is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3The radius of the lower half part of the rotor (10) is the output trapezoidal pressure wave, as shown in fig. 10, the output pulse pressure is in one period, the output pressure at the beginning increases along with the increase of time, when the maximum value is reached, the maximum output pressure is kept for a period of time and then starts to decrease until the maximum output pressure is zero, and the increase and the decrease are linear changes;
tooth form (1002) is the sine and cosine function form as shown in fig. 7, rotor (10) upper end threaded hole, be convenient for connect rotary joint (14), and it has the U-shaped groove to open in the middle, and the lower extreme is opened tooth form (1003) that has the sine and cosine form other entities and is baffle (1003), pressure outlet (802) are rectangle and tooth form (1002), and when rectangle and tooth form (1002) span equals pressure outlet (802) diameter, calculate the pressure of rectangle pressure outlet (802) according to the stable pressure that rotor (10) inside provided and be:
h is the vertical height of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), a is the width of the pressure outlet (802), and P is1Providing pressure generated by constant pressure in the rotor (10), wherein A is the amplitude of sine and cosine tooth form (A is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to h), and R1Is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3Is the radius of the lower half part of the rotor (10), v is the linear velocity on the excircle of the circumference of the lower end of the rotor (10),the output is a standard sine pressure wave, and as shown in fig. 11, in one output pressure period, the output pressure increases with the increase of time in the first half of the pressure period, and the output pressure decreases with the increase of time in the second half of the pressure period, but the variation form of the pressure is sine and cosine increase in a strict sense.
The triangular shape is adopted according to the condition that the hardness of the material is relatively high (more than 350HV), so that the processing efficiency is improved. For example, after the No. 45 quenched and tempered heat treated steel gradually forms a glass glaze-shaped surface in the erosion and wear stage, the steel enters a stable wear stage, which is related to high-temperature oxidation caused by temperature rise due to erosion and wear of the No. 45 quenched and tempered heat treated steel, and triangular pressure waves are adopted to cool the steel at zero pressure or low pressure, so that the temperature diffusion is facilitated, and the adverse effect caused by the high-temperature oxidation is reduced.
When the hardness of the material is general (120HV-350HV), a sine or sine-like pressure wave is adopted for processing, so that the surface temperature can be reduced in a low-speed area, the material can quickly enter a stable continuous abrasion stage, the processing efficiency can be improved, and a better processing effect can be achieved. Although the sine-like and sine-like pressure wave waveforms are similar, but different, when the hardness is lower (less than 220HV) in the general hardness, the sine-like pressure wave is adopted, so that a large number of high-speed particles are more beneficial to improving the processing efficiency, when the hardness is higher (more than 220HV) in the general hardness, the sine-like pressure wave is adopted, fewer low-speed particles are beneficial to cooling the workpiece, and the high-temperature oxidation caused by the temperature rise is reduced, so that the effective and rapid processing can be realized.
When the hardness of the material is lower (less than 120HV), trapezoidal pressure waves are adopted for processing so as to improve the processing efficiency and the processing effect. In the erosion and abrasion process, the soft metal can generate serious plastic deformation and is sheared to form a lip, under repeated impact, the abrasion rate is increased, after a certain value is reached, the continuous phase of abrasion is carried out, the trapezoidal pressure wave can provide more particles impacted at high speed, repeated impact can rapidly enter the stable phase of abrasion, and the effect of efficient processing is achieved.
Lower welt (9) contain screw hole (901), installation boss (902) and location boss (903), bearing (7) are installed on installation boss (902), radially produce a radial force in rotor (10) pivoted, offset gear belt (13) and drive driven wheel (2) motion and the rotation moment that produces for rotor (10) are stable around the axis high-speed rotation.
The invention discloses a method for polishing by a pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: different rotors (10) and stators (8) are selected according to the hardness of the processed material, if the hardness of the material is higher, a rectangular tooth form (1002) and a rectangular pressure outlet (802) are adopted, the width of the rectangular tooth form (1002) is equal to that of the rectangular pressure outlet (803), and the width of a baffle (1003) is larger than that of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), so that a triangular pressure wave is generated; if the hardness of the material is low, a rectangular tooth form (1002) and a rectangular pressure outlet (802) are selected, the width of the rectangular tooth form (1002) is larger than that of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), and the width of a rectangular baffle (1003) is equal to that of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), so that trapezoidal pressure waves are generated; if the hardness of the material is general, a sine-like pressure wave is generated by adopting the rectangular tooth form (1002) and the circular pressure outlets (802), or a standard sine-cosine pressure wave is generated by adopting the sine-cosine tooth form (1002) and the rectangular pressure outlets (802), different rotors (10) and stators (8) are selected according to different properties of the material, different pressure waves are generated, the processing efficiency is improved, and the processing effect is improved.
Step two: mounting the rotor (10) and the stator (8) at fixed positions, and connecting a rotary joint (14) and an upper joint (15);
step three: the hydraulic pump (5) is started, grinding fluid is stably conveyed into the rotor (10) through the hydraulic oil way (1), the rotary joint (14) and the upper joint (15), and the specified pressure is stably supplied through detection of the hydraulic meter (3);
step four: a U-shaped groove (1001) is formed in the middle of the rotor (10), and the bottom of the rotor (10) is provided with tooth forms (1002) and baffles (1003) in different shapes; the baffle (1003) of the rotor (10) is opposite to the pressure outlet (802) of the stator (8) to form a closed space, a pipeline is disconnected and is not processed, and after the pressure in the rotor (10) reaches a set value, the hydraulic pump (5) automatically conveys grinding fluid back to the hydraulic pump (5) and keeps the set pressure;
step five: the motor (11) is started, and the motor drives the driving wheel (12) to rotate at a high speed;
step six: the driving wheel (12) drives the driven wheel (2) to rotate at a high speed through a gear belt (13);
step seven: the driven wheel (2) is connected with the rotor (10) to do circular motion together, and the relative positions of the baffle (1003) and the pressure outlet (802) are alternately generated by the motion of the rotor (10), so that different forms of pressure waves are generated;
step eight: grinding fluid acts on a workpiece (6) to be processed through a pressure outlet (802), a better processing effect is achieved by selecting different tooth shapes (1002) and pressure waves of different forms through the pressure outlet (802), and finally the grinding fluid flows back to the hydraulic pump (5);
step nine: and repeating the third step to the eighth step to realize continuous processing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the rotating body is adopted to generate pulse pressure waves, stable pulse pressure can be generated through the rotation of the rotor, the pulse pressure waves generated through the mechanical structure are stable, and the failure rate is relatively low;
(2) different types of pulse pressure waves are generated by selecting different tooth shapes and pressure outlets, and the pulse pressure waves can be directly generated by mechanical rotation without being converted by other auxiliary modes, so that the stability is higher;
(3) different pulse type pressure waves are selected according to different hardness and high-temperature oxidation effects of materials to achieve a better processing effect, the pulse type pressure waves can enhance the turbulent kinetic energy of fluid, enhance the orderliness of processing and improve the processing precision; meanwhile, the specific shapes and sizes of the tooth form, the baffle and the pressure outlet are designed to generate pressure waves in different forms, and efficient and stable processing can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pulsed abrasive stream polishing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a pulse pressure generator;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rectangular tooth rotor structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a circular pressure outlet stator structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sine-cosine tooth rotor structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rectangular pressure outlet stator structure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the lower liner plate;
FIG. 8 is a graph of a sine-like pressure wave waveform;
FIG. 9 is a triangular pressure wave waveform;
FIG. 10 is a trapezoidal pressure wave diagram;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of sine and cosine pressure wave waveforms;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of tooth form b and baffle c of the rotor, the left view being an isometric view and the right view being a top view;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of the stator pressure outlet a, the left view being a top view and the right view being an isometric view.
Wherein: the hydraulic oil circuit comprises a hydraulic oil circuit 1, a driven wheel 2, a hydraulic meter 3, an integral bracket 4, a hydraulic pump 5, a processed workpiece 6, a bearing 7, a stator 8, a lower lining plate 9, a rotor 10, a motor 11, a driving wheel 12, a gear belt 13, a rotary joint 14, an upper joint 15, a U-shaped groove 1001, a tooth form 1002, a baffle 1003, a convex baffle 801 and a pressure outlet 802; the threaded hole 901, there are locating bosses 903 under the baffle, mount the boss 902.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device of the present invention includes a hydraulic system, a pulse generator, and a power system:
the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic oil circuit 1, a hydraulic meter 3, a hydraulic pump 5 and an upper joint 15, wherein the hydraulic pump 5 transmits grinding fluid in the oil tank to the upper joint 15 through the hydraulic oil circuit 1, and the upper joint 15 transmits the grinding fluid to the interior of the rotor 10 through a rotary joint 14 to provide stable pressure so that pressure waves in different forms are generated after the rotor 10 rotates.
The pulse generator comprises a rotary joint 14, a driven wheel 2, a rotor 10, a stator 8, a lower lining plate 9 and a bearing 7, wherein one end of the rotary joint 14 is connected with one end of an upper joint 15, the other end of the rotary joint 14 is connected with the rotor 10, the lower lining plate 9 and the rotor 10 are installed at the lower end of the rotor 10 to form a semi-sealed space, the bearing 7 is installed below the lower lining plate 9, the stator 8 is sleeved outside the rotor 10, and a small hole is formed in the side face of the stator 8 and used for installing a processed workpiece 6.
The power system comprises a motor 11, a driving wheel 12, a gear belt 13 and a driven wheel 2, wherein the motor 11 rotates to drive the driving wheel 12 to rotate, the driving wheel 12 drives the gear belt 13 to move, the other end of the gear belt 13 is connected with the driven wheel 2, the gear belt 13 moves to drive the driven wheel 2 to move, and the driven wheel 2 is connected to a rotor 10 to enable the rotor 10 and the driven wheel 2 to rotate together.
The rotor 10 rotates to drive the baffle 1003 and the pressure outlet 802 to move relatively, so that periodic pulse pressure waves are generated, the forms of the generated pressures are different due to the fact that different shapes of the tooth form 1002 and the pressure outlet 802 are selected, and different pressure forms are selected to achieve the effect of efficient machining and reduce the roughness value of the inner surface by combining the characteristics of the different pressure forms and different properties of materials.
The pulse-type abrasive particle flow based polishing method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: checking the hardness of the material to be processed
Step two: different rotors 10 and stators 8 are selected according to the hardness of the processed material, if the hardness of the material is higher, a rectangular tooth form 1002 and a rectangular pressure outlet 802 are adopted, the width of the rectangular tooth form 1002 is equal to that of the rectangular pressure outlet 803, and the width of a baffle 1003 is larger than that of the rectangular pressure outlet 802, so that a triangular pressure wave is generated; if the hardness of the material is low, the rectangular tooth form 1002 and the rectangular pressure outlet 802 are selected, the width of the rectangular tooth form 1002 is larger than that of the rectangular pressure outlet 802, and the width of the rectangular baffle 1003 is equal to that of the rectangular pressure outlet 802, so that trapezoidal pressure waves are generated; if the hardness of the material is general, a sine-like pressure wave is generated by adopting the rectangular tooth form 1002 and the circular pressure outlets 802, or a standard sine-cosine pressure wave is generated by adopting the sine-cosine tooth form 1002 and the rectangular pressure outlets 802, different rotor 10 and stator 8 are selected according to different properties of the material of the root tool, and different pressure waves are generated to improve the processing efficiency and the processing effect.
Step three: the rotor 10 and stator 8 are mounted in a fixed position and the rotary joint 14, the upper joint 15 are connected.
Step four: hydraulic circuit 1 one end is connected on hydraulic pump 5, and the other end is connected on top connection 15, and hydraulic pump 5 opens, and the rotary joint 14 is carried through hydraulic circuit 1 is stable with grinding fluid, and one termination is connected on top connection 15 at hydraulic circuit 1 output to rotary joint 14's upper end, and rotary joint 14's lower extreme is connected on rotor 10 to form stable pressure in rotor 10, detect the stable supply that realizes assigned pressure through hydraulic pressure table 3.
Step five: the baffle 1003 of the rotor 10 is opposite to the pressure outlet 802 of the stator 8, so that a closed space is formed, the pipeline is disconnected and is not processed, and the hydraulic pump 5 automatically conveys the grinding fluid back to the hydraulic pump 5 and maintains the set pressure after the pressure in the rotor 10 reaches the set value.
Step six: the motor 11 is started, and the main shaft of the motor 11 is connected with the driving wheel 12 through a key to drive the driving wheel to rotate at a high speed. When the motor11 rotational speed n1(r/min), the rotational speed of the driving wheel 12 is also n1(r/min) at which the angular velocity of the capstan 12 is ω1＝2πn1(rad/min), at which time the linear velocity of the periphery of the capstan 12 is v1＝ω1R1(m/min), i.e. v1＝2πn1R1(m/min)，R1The radius of the drive wheel 12.
Step seven: the driving wheel 2 drives the driven wheel 2 to rotate at a high speed through the gear belt 13. Since the gear belt 13 does not slip and has no relative movement, the linear velocity on the circumference of the driven wheel 2 is equal to the linear velocity on the circumference of the driving wheel 12, and v is the same2＝v1＝2πn1R1(m/min)。
Step eight: the driven wheel 2 is connected with the rotor 10 through a key to do circular motion, and the angular velocity of the rotor 10 is equal to that of the driven wheel 2, so the angular velocity omega of the rotor 102＝v2/R2，R2The radius of the driven wheel 2 is the rotational speed of the rotor 10The movement of the rotors 10 causes the relative positions of the baffles 1003 and the pressure outlets 802 to appear alternately, and the lower end of each rotor 10 is provided with 12 periods of tooth forms 1002 and baffles 1003, so that 12 pulses can be generated by one rotation of the rotor 10, and the pulse frequency is as followsWhen the radius R of the driving wheel 121And radius R of the driven wheel 22Equal, rotational speed n1At 1000(r/min), a pulsed pressure wave with a frequency f of 200Hz is achieved.
Step nine: the grinding fluid acts on the workpiece 6 to be processed through the pressure outlet 802, and the pressure waves in different forms are selected by selecting different tooth shapes 1002 and the pressure outlet 802 to achieve a good processing effect. Finally the grinding fluid flows back to the hydraulic pump 5.
Step ten: and repeating the fourth step to the ninth step to realize continuous processing.
Example 1:
taking a workpiece 6 to be processed for processing No. 45 quenched and tempered heat-treated steel as an example 1, the specific implementation method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: after the stator 8 and the rotor 10 are selected and installed, the rectangular tooth form 1002 and the rectangular pressure outlet 802 are adopted, and meanwhile, the width of the baffle 1003 is larger than that of the stator 8 and the rotor 10 of the rectangular pressure outlet 802.
Step two: the hydraulic pump 5 is started, the grinding fluid is stably delivered into the rotor 10 through the hydraulic oil path 1, the upper joint 15 and the rotary joint 14, and the specified pressure is stably supplied through detection of the hydraulic gauge 3.
Step three: the baffle 1003 of the rotor 10 is opposite to the pressure outlet 802 of the stator 8, so that a closed space is formed, the pipeline is disconnected and is not processed, and the hydraulic pump 5 automatically conveys the grinding fluid back to the hydraulic pump 5 and maintains the set pressure after the pressure in the rotor 10 reaches the set value.
Step four: the motor 11 is started, and the motor drives the driving wheel 12 to rotate at a high speed.
Step five: the driving wheel 12 drives the driven wheel 2 to rotate at high speed through the gear belt 13.
Step six: the driven wheel 2 is connected with the rotor 10 to make circular motion, the relative positions of the baffles 1003 and the pressure outlets 802 are alternately arranged by the motion of the rotor 10, the rectangular tooth form 1002 and the rectangular pressure outlets 802 are adopted, meanwhile, the width of the baffles 1003 is larger than that of the rectangular pressure outlets 802, triangular pressure waves are generated, as shown in fig. 9, the output pressure shows linear change in one pulse pressure period, in the first half period, the output pulse pressure is increased along with the increase of time, and in the second half period, the output pulse pressure is decreased along with the increase of time.
Step seven: the grinding fluid acts on the workpiece 6 to be processed through the pressure outlet 802, and the pressure waves in different forms are selected by selecting different tooth shapes 1002 and the pressure outlet 802 to achieve a good processing effect. Finally the grinding fluid flows back to the hydraulic pump 5.
Step eight: and repeating the second step to the seventh step to realize continuous processing.
The workpiece 6 to be processed is made of No. 45 steel subjected to quenching and tempering heat treatment, the hardness of the workpiece can reach 300-400HV, the hardness of the workpiece is high, a rectangular tooth shape 1002 and a rectangular pressure outlet 802 are adopted, meanwhile, the width of a baffle 1003 is larger than that of the rectangular pressure outlet 802, a triangular pressure wave is generated, as shown in fig. 9, the triangular pressure wave is adopted, the part with zero pressure in each period basically has no particles to impact the wall surface, and the heat of the wall surface can be conducted to other areas with low temperature, so that the increase of grinding difficulty caused by high-temperature oxidation is reduced.
Example 2:
taking a workpiece 6 to be processed for processing stainless steel as an example 2, the specific implementation method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: after the stator 8 and the rotor 10 are selected and installed, the stator 8 and the rotor 10 adopting the rectangular tooth form 1002 and the circular pressure outlet 802 or the sine-cosine tooth form 1002 and the rectangular pressure outlet 802 are adopted.
Step two: the hydraulic pump 5 is started, the grinding fluid is stably delivered into the rotor 10 through the hydraulic oil path 1, the upper joint 15 and the rotary joint 14, and the specified pressure is stably supplied through detection of the hydraulic gauge 3.
Step three: the baffle 1003 of the rotor 10 is opposite to the pressure outlet 802 of the stator 8, so that a closed space is formed, the pipeline is disconnected and is not processed, and the hydraulic pump 5 automatically conveys the grinding fluid back to the hydraulic pump 5 and maintains the set pressure after the pressure in the rotor 10 reaches the set value.
Step four: the motor 11 is started, and the motor drives the driving wheel 12 to rotate at a high speed.
Step five: the driving wheel 12 drives the driven wheel 2 to rotate at high speed through the gear belt 13.
Step six: the driven wheel 2 is connected with the rotor 10 to do circular motion, the relative positions of the baffles 1003 and the pressure outlets 802 are alternately caused by the motion of the rotor 10, sine-like pressure waves are generated by adopting the rectangular tooth form 1002 and the circular pressure outlets 802, as shown in figure 8, in one pressure period, the output pressure in the first half of the pressure period is increased along with the increase of time, the output pressure in the second half of the pressure period is decreased along with the increase of time, but the variation of the pressure is neither a linear nor a sine-cosine increase in the strict sense, or sine and cosine pressure waves are generated by using sine and cosine teeth 1002 and rectangular pressure outlets 802, as shown in figure 11, in one output pressure period, the output pressure in the first half of the pressure period is increased along with the increase of time, and the output pressure in the second half of the pressure period is decreased along with the increase of time, but the change form of the pressure is sine and cosine increase in a strict sense.
Step seven: the grinding fluid acts on the workpiece 6 to be processed through the pressure outlet 802, and the pressure waves in different forms are selected by selecting different tooth shapes 1002 and the pressure outlet 802 to achieve a good processing effect. Finally the grinding fluid flows back to the hydraulic pump 5.
Step eight: and repeating the second step to the seventh step to realize continuous processing.
The hardness of the workpiece 6 to be processed made of stainless steel is about 190HV, the hardness is not very high or very low, in order to achieve stable grinding quickly and not to cause high-temperature oxidation, a sine-like wave is adopted as a graph wave or sine-cosine pressure waves are adopted as shown in figures 8 and 11 for processing, particle collision is reduced in a low-speed area between two periods of alternation, temperature conduction is facilitated, the surface temperature is reduced, meanwhile, the proportion of a high-speed area of particles is large, the stable grinding area can be achieved quickly, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Example 3:
taking a workpiece 6 to be processed of industrial pure titanium as an example 3, the specific implementation method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: after the stator 8 and the rotor 10 are selected and installed, the rectangular tooth shape 1002 and the rectangular pressure outlet 802 are adopted, and meanwhile, the width of the tooth shape 1002 is larger than that of the stator 8 and the rotor 10 of the pressure outlet 802.
Step two: the hydraulic pump 5 is started, the grinding fluid is stably delivered into the rotor 10 through the hydraulic oil path 1, the upper joint 15 and the rotary joint 14, and the specified pressure is stably supplied through detection of the hydraulic gauge 3.
Step three: the baffle 1003 of the rotor 10 is opposite to the pressure outlet 802 of the stator 8, so that a closed space is formed, the pipeline is disconnected and is not processed, and the hydraulic pump 5 automatically conveys the grinding fluid back to the hydraulic pump 5 and maintains the set pressure after the pressure in the rotor 10 reaches the set value.
Step four: the motor 11 is started, and the motor drives the driving wheel 12 to rotate at a high speed.
Step five: the driving wheel 12 drives the driven wheel 2 to rotate at high speed through the gear belt 13.
Step six: the driven wheel 2 is connected with the rotor 10 to do circular motion, the relative positions of the baffle 1003 and the pressure outlet 802 are alternately arranged by the motion of the rotor 10, the rectangular tooth shape 1002 and the rectangular pressure outlet 802 are adopted, meanwhile, the width of the tooth shape 1002 is larger than that of the pressure outlet 802, stable trapezoidal pressure waves are generated, as shown in fig. 10, the output pulse pressure is in a period, the pressure output at the beginning is increased along with the increase of time, when the maximum value is reached, the maximum output pressure is kept for a period of time and then is reduced until the maximum output pressure is reduced to zero, and the increase and the reduction are linearly changed.
Step seven: the grinding fluid acts on the workpiece 6 to be processed through the pressure outlet 802, and the pressure waves in different forms are selected by selecting different tooth shapes 1002 and the pressure outlet 802 to achieve a good processing effect. Finally the grinding fluid flows back to the hydraulic pump 5.
Step eight: and repeating the second step to the seventh step to realize continuous processing.
The hardness of the workpiece 6 of industrial pure titanium is about 110HV, the hardness is small, severe plastic deformation occurs during grinding, a lip is formed by shearing, trapezoidal pressure wave processing is adopted in order to quickly reach a stable grinding area, the time for achieving stable grinding is shortened by using more high-speed particles, and the processing efficiency is improved.
The above examples are provided only for the purpose of describing the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various equivalent substitutions and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an impulse type abrasive particle stream burnishing device which characterized in that: comprises a hydraulic system, a pulse generator and a power system;
the hydraulic system includes: the hydraulic oil circuit (1), the hydraulic meter (3), the hydraulic pump (5) and the upper joint (15); the hydraulic pump (5) transmits the grinding fluid in the oil tank to an upper joint (15) through a hydraulic oil path (1), and the upper joint (15) transmits the grinding fluid to the interior of the rotor (10) through a rotary joint (14) to provide stable pressure so that the rotor (10) can generate pressure waves in different forms after rotating;
the pulse generator includes: the machining tool comprises a rotary joint (14), a rotor (10), a stator (8), a lower lining plate (9) and a bearing (7), wherein one end of the rotary joint (14) is connected with one end of an upper joint (15), the other end of the rotary joint (14) is connected to the rotor (10), the lower end of the rotor (10) is provided with the lower lining plate (9) and the rotor (10) to form a semi-sealed space, the bearing (7) is arranged below the lower lining plate (9), the stator (8) is sleeved outside the rotor (10), and the outer side of the stator is provided with a small hole for installing a machined workpiece (6);
the power system comprises: the driving wheel mechanism comprises a motor (11), a driving wheel (12), a gear belt (13) and a driven wheel (2), wherein the motor (11) rotates to drive the driving wheel (12) to rotate, the driving wheel (12) drives the gear belt (13) to move, the other end of the gear belt (13) is connected with the driven wheel (2), the gear belt (13) moves to drive the driven wheel (2) to move, and the driven wheel (2) is connected to a rotor (10) to enable the rotor (10) and the driven wheel (2) to rotate together;
the middle part of the rotor (10) is provided with a U-shaped groove (1001), the bottom of the rotor (10) is provided with tooth profiles (1002) and baffles (1003) with different shapes, and pulse pressure waves with different forms are generated by selecting the tooth profiles (1002) and the baffles (1003) with different shapes, so that the rotor is convenient to process; lower liner plate (9) pass through screwed connection on baffle (1003), stator (8) closely install through interference fit and bearing (7), bearing (7) are installed on lower liner plate (9) through interference fit's installation boss (902).
2. The pulsed abrasive flow polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the U-shaped groove (1001) and the convex baffle (801) form a sealing area, resistance of fluid outflow is increased, and a sealing effect is achieved.
3. The pulsed abrasive flow polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tooth shapes (1002) and the pressure outlets (802) with different shapes are matched with each other to generate pressure waves with different wave forms;
when the tooth profile (1002) is rectangular, the pressure outlet (802) is circular, and the width of the tooth profile (1002) is equal to the diameter of the pressure outlet (802), the pressure of the pressure outlet (802) is calculated according to the stable pressure provided inside the rotor (10) as follows:
wherein
v is the linear velocity on the outer circumference of the lower end of the rotor (10),n is the number of periods of the pulsed pressure wave, R1Is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3Is the radius of the lower end of the rotor (10), R4Is the radius of the pressure outlet (802), the pressure is a pressure form similar to a sine, P1Providing pressure generated by constant pressure inside the rotor (10), wherein omega is the rotating speed of the rotor (10), t is time, and n represents the rotating speed of a driving wheel, and the unit is r/min;
when the tooth profile (1002) is rectangular, the pressure outlet (802) is rectangular, and the width of the tooth profile (1002) is larger than the diameter of the pressure outlet (802), the force of the rectangular pressure outlet (802) is calculated according to the stable pressure provided inside the rotor (10) as follows:
a is the width of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), b is the width of the baffle (1003), c is the width of the tooth form (1002), and P is1Providing a pressure generated by a constant pressure inside the rotor (10), N being a period, v being a linear velocity on an outer circumference of a lower end of the rotor (10),R1is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3The radius of the lower half part of the rotor (10) is shown, and a triangular wave is output at the moment;
when the tooth profile (1002) is rectangular, the pressure outlet (802) is rectangular, and the width of the tooth profile (1002) is larger than the diameter of the pressure outlet (802), the pressure of the rectangular pressure outlet (802) is calculated according to the stable pressure provided in the rotor (10) as follows:
a is the width of the pressure outlet (802), b is the width of the baffle (1003), c is the width of the tooth form (1002), P1Providing pressure generated by constant pressure in the rotor (10), wherein N is a period, v is a linear velocity on the outer circle of the circumference of the lower end of the rotor (10),R1is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3The radius of the lower half part of the rotor (10) is shown, and the output pressure wave is trapezoidal;
when the tooth profile (1002) is in a sine and cosine function form, the pressure outlet (802) is rectangular and the tooth profile (1002), and the span of the rectangular and the tooth profile (1002) is equal to the diameter of the pressure outlet (802), the pressure of the rectangular pressure outlet (802) is calculated according to the stable pressure provided inside the rotor (10) and is as follows:
h is the vertical height of the rectangular pressure outlet (802), a is the width of the pressure outlet (802), and P is1Providing pressure generated by constant pressure in the rotor (10), wherein A is the amplitude of sine and cosine tooth form, A is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to h, v is the linear velocity on the excircle of the circumference at the lower end of the rotor (10),R1is the radius of the driving wheel (12), R2Radius of the driven wheel (2), R3The radius of the lower half part of the rotor (10) is shown, and the output is a standard sinusoidal pressure wave.
4. The pulsed abrasive flow polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: lower welt (9) contain screw hole (901), installation boss (902) and location boss (903), bearing (7) are installed on installation boss (902), radially produce a radial force in rotor (10) pivoted, offset gear belt (13) and drive driven wheel (2) motion and the rotation moment that produces for rotor (10) are stable around the axis high-speed rotation.
5. A method of polishing using the pulsed abrasive flow polishing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: different rotors (10) and stators (8) are selected according to the hardness of the processed material to generate different pressure waves, so that the processing efficiency is improved, and the processing effect is improved;
step two: mounting a rotor (10) and a stator (8) at a fixed position, and connecting a rotary joint (14) and an upper joint (15);
step three: the hydraulic pump (5) is started, grinding fluid is stably conveyed into the rotor (10) through the hydraulic oil way (1), and the specified pressure is stably supplied through detection of the hydraulic gauge (3);
step four: a U-shaped groove (1001) is formed in the middle of the rotor (10), and the bottom of the rotor (10) is provided with tooth forms (1002) and baffles (1003) in different shapes; the baffle (1003) of the rotor (10) is opposite to the pressure outlet (802) of the stator (8) to form a closed space, a pipeline is disconnected and is not processed, and after the pressure in the rotor (10) reaches a set value, the hydraulic pump (5) automatically conveys grinding fluid back to the hydraulic pump (5) and keeps the set pressure;
step five: the motor (11) is started, and the motor drives the driving wheel (12) to rotate at a high speed;
step six: the driving wheel (12) drives the driven wheel (2) to rotate at a high speed through a gear belt (13);
step seven: the driven wheel (2) is connected with the rotor (10) to do circular motion together, and the relative positions of the baffle (1003) and the pressure outlet (802) are alternately generated by the motion of the rotor (10), so that different forms of pressure waves are generated;
step eight: grinding fluid acts on a workpiece (6) to be processed through a pressure outlet (802), a better processing effect is achieved by selecting different tooth shapes (1002) and pressure waves of different forms through the pressure outlet (802), and finally the grinding fluid flows back to the hydraulic pump (5);
step nine: and repeating the third step to the eighth step to realize continuous processing.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: different tooth shapes (1002) and pressure outlets (802) with different shapes are selected according to the material hardness of the workpiece (6) to be machined and the high-temperature oxidation effect during machining to generate pulse pressure waves with different forms, so that the required machining effect and the required machining efficiency are achieved.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: when the hardness of the material is more than 350HV, a triangular pressure wave is adopted to improve the processing efficiency.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein: when the hardness of the material is 120HV-350HV, sinusoidal or sine-like pressure waves are adopted for processing, so that the surface temperature can be reduced in a low-speed area, a stable continuous abrasion stage can be quickly entered, the processing efficiency can be improved, and a better processing effect can be achieved.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein: when the hardness of the material is less than 120HV, trapezoidal pressure waves are adopted for processing so as to improve the processing efficiency and the processing effect.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811246385.4A CN109352536B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811246385.4A CN109352536B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109352536A CN109352536A (en) | 2019-02-19 |
| CN109352536B true CN109352536B (en) | 2019-12-31 |
Family
ID=65346441
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811246385.4A Active CN109352536B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109352536B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111426611B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-21 | 北京理工大学 | Rotational flow abrasion particle detection sensor and dispersion effect analysis method thereof |
| CN112621550B (en) * | 2020-12-05 | 2021-11-09 | 湖州师范学院 | Abrasive particle polishing equipment |
| CN114750080B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-05-16 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Waste classification and recycling system and method for water jet steel rail grinding wagon |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE528654C2 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2007-01-09 | Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab | Impulse generator for rock drill, comprises impulse piston housed inside chamber containing compressible liquid |
| CN102166735B (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2013-07-24 | 浙江工业大学 | Soft abrasive particle flow constraint runner device |
| CN202926259U (en) * | 2012-10-20 | 2013-05-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Annular pulsed water jet generator |
| CN203485042U (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-03-19 | 南京金城液压工程有限公司 | Burr removing machine for particle abrading stream |
| CN104847326B (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2017-07-18 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Blocking type hydraulic pulse generation device and method |
| CN206464999U (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-09-05 | 长春理工大学 | A kind of abrasive Flow polishing clamp of unshrouded impeller blade |
| CN106625193B (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 长春理工大学 | Flexible couplings modular blisk abrasive Flow polishing clamp |
-
2018
- 2018-10-25 CN CN201811246385.4A patent/CN109352536B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109352536A (en) | 2019-02-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109352536B (en) | Pulse type abrasive particle flow polishing device and method | |
| CN108380910B (en) | Air suspension formula ultrasound high-speed motorized spindles | |
| CN102601686B (en) | Rotary abrasive flow polishing device for integral impeller type parts | |
| CN1252855A (en) | Fluid machinery | |
| CN103051152B (en) | Permanent magnet speed governor | |
| CN104440414A (en) | Efficient constant pressure difference intermittent rotating extrusion abrasive flow polishing device | |
| CN210232624U (en) | Novel grinding and polishing machine | |
| CN104325411A (en) | Spiral constrained abrasive flow processing device | |
| CN208696316U (en) | AC double-swinging angle electro spindle | |
| CN104741976B (en) | Soft abrasive particle flow turbulent flow precision processing device for joint prosthesis | |
| CN202690436U (en) | Self-driving bi-rotor pump | |
| CN104608042A (en) | Forced turbulent flow hole surface finish machining technology | |
| CN206977265U (en) | Electric machine radiator | |
| CN201720753U (en) | Integral double-drive shaft-compounded automatic finishing and processing device of vane disk | |
| CN202878042U (en) | Finishing device suitable for nozzle parts | |
| CN107061315A (en) | A kind of molecular pump | |
| CN207004861U (en) | A kind of molecular pump | |
| CN202622078U (en) | Numerical control grinding wheel spindle box of spiral bevel gear grinding machine | |
| CN106424831B (en) | Pulley type vibration drilling workbench | |
| CN111823127A (en) | Irregular-shape abrasive flow cleaning and finishing device | |
| CN110039428A (en) | A kind of high heavy duty detergent grinding apparatus of safety coefficient for sealing machine processing | |
| CN206356908U (en) | Big column frame processing unit (plant) | |
| CN103878683A (en) | Grinding and polishing disk of multi-stage structure | |
| CN104999349A (en) | Deep-hole grinding device with front electric spindle | |
| CN220839614U (en) | Gear polishing machine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |