CN109352179A - The weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding - Google Patents
The weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN109352179A CN109352179A CN201811458207.8A CN201811458207A CN109352179A CN 109352179 A CN109352179 A CN 109352179A CN 201811458207 A CN201811458207 A CN 201811458207A CN 109352179 A CN109352179 A CN 109352179A
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- laser
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- weld
- weld seam
- magnesium alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of weld strength control methods of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding, comprising: step 1: treating salvaging casting and carries out x-ray inspection, obtains flaw detection data；Step 2: according to the flaw detection data of acquisition, analysis obtains the type and distributing position of internal defect in cast, is purged by machining to internal defect in cast, the casting after obtaining Defect removal；Step 3: to the casting after the Defect removal of acquisition, use can the laser self-welding of accurate control laser power connect method and make substrate bottom and the side wall of laser beam depth of fusion d1, pass through the gas that welding pool flowing discharges die casting substrate surface layer.The present invention can be realized vehicle and aircraft complexity die casting structure part multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding weld strength controls, and weld seam and die casting substrate bond strength are high, and multi-pass welding stitches dense structure, and weld seam bond strength is high, and continuity is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser fabrication technology fields, and in particular, to the weld seam of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding is strong
Spend control method.
Background technique
Space launch vehicle, spacecraft, aviation aircraft often with magnesium alloy pressure-casting structural member with meet aerodynamic configuration and
The needs of liquid storage are the crucial special constructions such as carrier rocket, space station, super speed vehicle, high with light weight degree,
The features such as pneumatic property of shape is good.However during product development, magnesium alloy pressure-casting structural member usually has with loose, shrinkage cavity, gas
The common deficiencies such as hole, crackle, cold shut, misrun, slag inclusion and segregation, in addition to taking technological measure in casting process and reinforcing
Outside process control, for casting defect soldering just at important remedial measure.
But in magnesium alloy die casting repair method, when magnesium alloy arc welding, is easy to appear coarse-grain, oxidation, crackle and stomata
The defects of.It is difficult to realize magnesium alloy multi-pass welding seam strength control.
It is produced using the weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding, it can be with weld seam and die casting base
Material bond strength is high, and multi-pass welding stitches dense structure, and weld seam bond strength is high, and continuity is good, and automated production is high-efficient, solution
Certainly the problems such as space flight complexity magnesium alloy pressure-casting construction joint strength control.
Currently without the explanation or report for finding technology similar to the present invention, it is also not yet collected into money similar both at home and abroad
Material.
Summary of the invention
For the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of welderings of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding
Stitch intensity control method.
A kind of weld strength control method of the magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding provided according to the present invention, feature exist
In, comprising:
Step 1: it treats salvaging casting and carries out x-ray inspection, obtain flaw detection data；
Step 2: according to the flaw detection data of acquisition, analysis obtains the type and distributing position of internal defect in cast, passes through machine
Tool processing is purged internal defect in cast, the casting after obtaining Defect removal；
Step 3: to the casting after the Defect removal of acquisition, using can the laser self-welding of accurate control laser power connect
Method makes substrate bottom and the side wall of laser beam depth of fusion d1, and the gas on release die casting substrate surface layer is flowed by welding pool
Body；
Step 4: using the laser welding with filler wire method that can precisely focus, laser beam Synchronous Heating welding wire and die casting substrate,
And regulate and control thermal weld stress and welding wire loading, bottom multi-pass welding is carried out, the depth of fusion of die casting substrate is d2, per pass weld seam
Lap width is d3, and cleans out bottom filling face of weld；
Step 5: it on the basis of the bottom laser cleaned out fills face of weld, is carried out using method for laser welding
Multi-layer multi-pass welding controls every layer of wire melting loading, and every layer of weld bead height is h1, and fusion penetration degree is d4 between every layer of weld seam, together
One layer of per pass weld seam lap width is d5, controls weld seam interlayer temperature, prevents from leading to crystal grain because of the multiple thermal cycle of lower layer's weld seam
It is coarse；
Step 6: when carrying out repair welding to the welding bead adjacent with die casting substrate pit side wall, increase laser power, make laser
It is deviated to die casting substrate pit side wall, promotes the fusing of pit side wall substrate, make weld seam and die casting substrate pit sidewall fusion；
Step 7: according to magnesium alloy multiple-bead deposit face of weld flatness standard, melting surface layer weld seam using laser, according to
It needs to fill silk or do not fill silk, fuses surface layer weld gap, complete the built-up welding of multilayer multiple tracks.
Preferably, the step 2, described that internal defect in cast is purged by machining:
The angle at pit side wall inclination angle is greater than or equal to 15 ° after removing.
Preferably, the range of the depth d1 is 2mm to 4mm, and the range of depth d2 is 1mm to 2mm, the range of width d3
It is less than or equal to 5mm for 0.5mm to 1mm, height h1, the range that fusion penetration degree is d4 between every layer of weld seam is 0.5mm to 1mm, width
The range of d5 is 0.5mm to 1mm.
Preferably, the laser self-welding connects method and includes:
The equally distributed semiconductor laser beam of laser power density or Gaussian Profile defocused laser beams are selected, laser is passed through
Power and speed of welding accurately control the heat input that laser self-welding connects.
Preferably, the laser welding with filler wire method includes:
Welding wire and die casting substrate are heated simultaneously using light spot laser light beam, and according to welding wire loading, adjust hot spot light beam
Irradiation position, carry out energy distribution；
The light spot laser light beam includes following any or appoints a variety of: circular light spot light beam, bifocus hot spot light beam, square
Shape hot spot light beam.
Preferably, the step 5, the weld seam interlayer temperature are less than or equal to 200 DEG C.
Preferably, the step 7, fusion surface layer weld gap:
Weld seam is melted using low_input_power laser beam, incomplete fusion gap is eliminated, makes the round and smooth forming of multiple-pass weld, and per pass
Seam laser heating is no more than preset times.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present invention can be realized vehicle and aircraft complexity die casting structure part multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding weld strength
Control, weld seam and die casting substrate bond strength are high, and multi-pass welding stitches dense structure, and weld seam bond strength is high, and continuity is good.
2, the present invention uses the laser welding technology of low_input_power, multilayer adaptable to space flight complexity Structure of magnesium alloy
Multiple tracks interlayer temperature is controlled, and Weld Performance is uniform, intensity is high, casting substrate it is synchronous with welding wire fusing and generate metallurgical bonding,
Weld seam and die casting substrate binding force are improved, magnesium alloy pressure-casting structural member repair welding weld strength and its uniformity may be implemented, from
Dynamicization high production efficiency solves the weld strength control of complicated space flight magnesium alloy pressure-casting structural member internal flaw multilayer multiple tracks built-up welding
Problem.
3, occur coarse-grain, oxidation, crackle and stomata etc. when the present invention solves magnesium alloy pressure-casting structural member arc welding to lack
It falls into, it is difficult to realize the technical problems such as magnesium alloy multi-pass welding seam strength control.
Detailed description of the invention
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is the magnesium alloy laser bead-on-plate weld intensity control method flow diagram that the embodiment of the present invention 1 provides.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several changes and improvements can also be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
A kind of weld strength control method of the magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding provided according to the present invention, feature exist
In, comprising:
Step 1: it treats salvaging casting and carries out x-ray inspection, obtain flaw detection data；
Step 2: according to the flaw detection data of acquisition, analysis obtains the type and distributing position of internal defect in cast, passes through machine
Tool processing is purged internal defect in cast, the casting after obtaining Defect removal；
Step 3: to the casting after the Defect removal of acquisition, using can the laser self-welding of accurate control laser power connect
Method makes substrate bottom and the side wall of laser beam depth of fusion d1, and the gas on release die casting substrate surface layer is flowed by welding pool
Body；
Step 4: using the laser welding with filler wire method that can precisely focus, laser beam Synchronous Heating welding wire and die casting substrate,
And regulate and control thermal weld stress and welding wire loading, bottom multi-pass welding is carried out, the depth of fusion of die casting substrate is d2, per pass weld seam
Lap width is d3, and cleans out bottom filling face of weld；
Step 5: it on the basis of the bottom laser cleaned out fills face of weld, is carried out using method for laser welding
Multi-layer multi-pass welding controls every layer of wire melting loading, and every layer of weld bead height is h1, and fusion penetration degree is d4 between every layer of weld seam, together
One layer of per pass weld seam lap width is d5, controls weld seam interlayer temperature, prevents from leading to crystal grain because of the multiple thermal cycle of lower layer's weld seam
It is coarse；
Step 6: when carrying out repair welding to the welding bead adjacent with die casting substrate pit side wall, increase laser power, make laser
It is deviated to die casting substrate pit side wall, promotes the fusing of pit side wall substrate, make weld seam and die casting substrate pit sidewall fusion；
Step 7: according to magnesium alloy multiple-bead deposit face of weld flatness standard, melting surface layer weld seam using laser, according to
It needs to fill silk or do not fill silk, fuses surface layer weld gap, complete the built-up welding of multilayer multiple tracks.
Specifically, the step 2, described that internal defect in cast is purged by machining:
The angle at pit side wall inclination angle is greater than or equal to 15 ° after removing.
Specifically, the range of the depth d1 is 2mm to 4mm, and the range of depth d2 is 1mm to 2mm, the range of width d3
It is less than or equal to 5mm for 0.5mm to 1mm, height h1, the range that fusion penetration degree is d4 between every layer of weld seam is 0.5mm to 1mm, width
The range of d5 is 0.5mm to 1mm.
Specifically, the laser self-welding connects method and includes:
The equally distributed semiconductor laser beam of laser power density or Gaussian Profile defocused laser beams are selected, laser is passed through
Power and speed of welding accurately control the heat input that laser self-welding connects.
Specifically, the laser welding with filler wire method includes:
Welding wire and die casting substrate are heated simultaneously using light spot laser light beam, and according to welding wire loading, adjust hot spot light beam
Irradiation position, carry out energy distribution；
The light spot laser light beam includes following any or appoints a variety of: circular light spot light beam, bifocus hot spot light beam, square
Shape hot spot light beam.
Specifically, the step 5, the weld seam interlayer temperature are less than or equal to 200 DEG C.
Specifically, the step 7, fusion surface layer weld gap:
Weld seam is melted using low_input_power laser beam, incomplete fusion gap is eliminated, makes the round and smooth forming of multiple-pass weld, and per pass
Seam laser heating is no more than preset times.
Below by preference, the present invention is more specifically illustrated.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1: according to Mg alloy castings x-ray inspection as a result, examination internal defect in cast type, specifies defect distribution
Position is completely removed defect using machining, pit side wall inclination angle >=15 ° after removing, and subsequent sidewall weld fusing is met
In conjunction with requiring；
Step 2: connecing method using the laser self-welding of accurate control laser power, laser beam melts substrate bottom and side
2~4mm of penetration depth of wall, welded molten bath flowing release die casting substrate surface layer is full of gas, eliminates die casting substrate and heap
Layer faying face gas hole defect improves weld seam bond strength；
Step 3: using the laser welding with filler wire method precisely focused, laser beam Synchronous Heating welding wire and die casting substrate, and
Stringent regulation thermal weld stress and welding wire loading, carry out bottom multi-pass welding, die casting substrate 1~2mm of depth of fusion, and per pass
Weld seam lap width is about 0.5~1mm, improves bond strength between per pass weld seam；
Step 4: it is more to carry out multilayer using method for laser welding on the basis of the bottom laser cleaned out fills weld seam
Road welds, every layer of wire melting loading of control, every layer of weld bead height≤5mm, 0.5~1mm of fusion penetration between every layer of weld seam, and same layer is every
Road weld seam lap width is about 0.5~1mm, and strict control weld seam interlayer temperature, prevents the multiple thermal cycle of lower layer's weld seam and brilliant
Grain is coarse；
Step 5: suitably increasing laser power, simultaneous bias laser in die casting substrate pit adjacent sidewalls welding bead repair welding
It is inclined to die casting substrate pit side wall, promotes the fusing of pit side wall substrate, strengthens the fusion of weld seam and side wall, improve side wall weld seam knot
With joint efforts, while promoting weld seam and substrate rounding off, improve weld seam and side wall bond strength；
Step 6: surface layer weld seam is melted using laser according to magnesium alloy multiple-bead deposit face of weld flatness requirement, according to
It needs to fill silk or do not fill silk on a small quantity, fuses surface layer weld gap, complete the built-up welding of multilayer multiple tracks.
The accurate controllable laser self-welding of the heat input connects method and carries out casting pit fusion welding processing, selects and swashs
The equally distributed semiconductor laser of optical power density or Gaussian Profile defocused laser beams, the heat input that laser self-welding connects pass through
Laser power and speed of welding accurately control, and laser beam melts 2~4mm of penetration depth of substrate bottom and side wall.
The bottom multiple tracks silk filling method for laser welding, utilizes the laser such as circular light spot, bifocus hot spot, rectangular light spot
Light beam, while welding wire and die casting substrate are heated, and according to welding wire loading, adjust hot spot irradiation position, carry out reasonable energy point
Match, while sufficiently melting welding wire and controlling 1~2mm of die casting substrate fusion penetration.Magnesium alloy solder wire according to die casting substrate material ingredient into
Row is chosen, and meets casting strength matching and requires, and easily controllable gas hole defect.
The multilayer multiple tracks laser welding with filler wire method, using the laser beam of precise energy control, while heating weldering
Silk and lower layer's weld seam, foundation wire feed rate adjustment laser beam energy distribution, while sufficiently melting welding wire and controlling lower layer's weld seam and melting
Deep 0.5~1mm, and strict control interlayer temperature≤200 DEG C.
The multilayer multiple tracks laser welding with filler wire method, it is defeated using low-heat such as gap between weld seam road when every layer of welding
Enter laser beam fusing weld seam, eliminate incomplete fusion gap, promotes the round and smooth forming of multiple-pass weld, and the heating of per pass seam laser does not surpass
After twice, to control weld strength.
Embodiment 2:
Strength control requirement is stitched according to magnesium alloy pressure-casting structural member multi-pass welding, it is strong using magnesium alloy laser bead-on-plate weld
Control method is spent, low_input_power laser overlaying welding method is carried out, carries out the multilayer multiple tracks repair welding of strict control interlayer temperature, realizes and mends
Layer weld strength and its uniformity controlling.Structure is complicated for space flight magnesium alloy pressure-casting, it is difficult to avoid generating stomata, be mingled with, is loose
Etc. cast insides defect, this method select strength matching magnesium alloy solder wire, using the synchronous fusing die casting substrate of laser beam and fill out
Welding wire is filled, mixing molten bath solidifies to form metallurgical bonding, and controls by welding process interlayer temperature, realizes magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks
Bead-on-plate weld strength control obtains the labyrinth Mg alloy castings through repair welding qualification.
Laser reset procedure needs to completely remove defect using machining, pit side wall inclination angle >=15 ° after removing；
Method is connect using the laser self-welding of accurate control laser power, laser beam melts the penetration depth 3 of substrate bottom and side wall
~5mm, welded molten bath flowing release die casting substrate surface layer are full of gas；Using the laser welding with filler wire method precisely focused,
Laser beam Synchronous Heating welding wire and die casting substrate, and strictly regulate and control thermal weld stress and welding wire loading, carry out bottom multi-pass welding
It connects, die casting substrate 1~2mm of depth of fusion, and per pass weld seam lap width is about 0.5~1mm；It is carried out using method for laser welding
Multi-layer multi-pass welding, controls every layer of wire melting loading, every layer of weld bead height≤5mm, 0.5~1mm of fusion penetration between every layer of weld seam,
Same layer per pass weld seam lap width is about 0.5~1mm, and strict control weld seam interlayer temperature, prevents the multiple heat of lower layer's weld seam from following
Ring and coarse grains；Select the equally distributed semiconductor laser of laser power density or Gaussian Profile defocused laser beams, laser
It is accurately controlled from the heat input of fusion welding by laser power and speed of welding, laser beam melts the fusing of substrate bottom and side wall
2~4mm of layer depth completes multilayer multiple tracks magnesium alloy laser bead-on-plate weld strength control.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that term " on ", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " is erected at "lower"
Directly ", the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outside" is orientation based on the figure or position
Relationship is set, description the application is merely for convenience of and simplifies description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning are necessary
It with specific orientation, is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as the limitation to the application.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that in addition to realizing system provided by the invention in a manner of pure computer readable program code
It, completely can be by the way that method and step be carried out programming in logic come so that provided by the invention other than system, device and its modules
System, device and its modules are declined with logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit, programmable logic controller (PLC) and insertion
The form of controller etc. realizes identical program.So system provided by the invention, device and its modules may be considered that
It is a kind of hardware component, and the knot that the module for realizing various programs for including in it can also be considered as in hardware component
Structure；It can also will be considered as realizing the module of various functions either the software program of implementation method can be Hardware Subdivision again
Structure in part.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding characterized by comprising
Step 1: it treats salvaging casting and carries out x-ray inspection, obtain flaw detection data；
Step 2: according to the flaw detection data of acquisition, analysis obtains the type and distributing position of internal defect in cast, is added by machinery
Work is purged internal defect in cast, the casting after obtaining Defect removal；
Step 3: to the casting after the Defect removal of acquisition, using can the laser self-welding of accurate control laser power connect method
Substrate bottom and the side wall for making laser beam depth of fusion d1 flow the gas on release die casting substrate surface layer by welding pool；
Step 4: using the laser welding with filler wire method that can precisely focus, laser beam Synchronous Heating welding wire and die casting substrate, and adjust
Thermal weld stress and welding wire loading are controlled, bottom multi-pass welding is carried out, the depth of fusion of die casting substrate is d2, per pass weld seam overlap joint
Width is d3, and cleans out bottom filling face of weld；
Step 5: on the basis of the bottom laser cleaned out fills face of weld, multilayer is carried out using method for laser welding
Multi-pass welding controls every layer of wire melting loading, and every layer of weld bead height is h1, and fusion penetration degree is d4, same layer between every layer of weld seam
Per pass weld seam lap width is d5, controls weld seam interlayer temperature, prevents from leading to coarse grains because of the multiple thermal cycle of lower layer's weld seam；
Step 6: when carrying out repair welding to the welding bead adjacent with die casting substrate pit side wall, increase laser power, make laser to pressure
The offset of substrate pit side wall is cast, promotes the fusing of pit side wall substrate, makes weld seam and die casting substrate pit sidewall fusion；
Step 7: according to magnesium alloy multiple-bead deposit face of weld flatness standard, surface layer weld seam is melted using laser, as needed
It fills silk or does not fill silk, fuse surface layer weld gap, complete the built-up welding of multilayer multiple tracks.
2. the weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step 2, described that internal defect in cast is purged by machining:
The angle at pit side wall inclination angle is greater than or equal to 15 ° after removing.
3. the weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The range of the depth d1 is 2mm to 4mm, and the range of depth d2 is 1mm to 2mm, and the range of width d3 is 0.5mm to 1mm, high
It spends h1 and is less than or equal to 5mm, the range that fusion penetration degree is d4 between every layer of weld seam is 0.5mm to 1mm, and the range of width d5 is 0.5mm
To 1mm.
4. the weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The laser self-welding connects method
The equally distributed semiconductor laser beam of laser power density or Gaussian Profile defocused laser beams are selected, laser power is passed through
The heat input that laser self-welding connects accurately is controlled with speed of welding.
5. the weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The laser welding with filler wire method includes:
Welding wire and die casting substrate are heated simultaneously using light spot laser light beam, and according to welding wire loading, adjust the spoke of hot spot light beam
According to position, energy distribution is carried out；
The light spot laser light beam includes following any or appoints a variety of: circular light spot light beam, bifocus hot spot light beam, rectangular light
Spot light beam.
6. the weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step 5, the weld seam interlayer temperature are less than or equal to 200 DEG C.
7. the weld strength control method of magnesium alloy multilayer multiple tracks laser overlaying welding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step 7, fusion surface layer weld gap:
Weld seam is melted using low_input_power laser beam, incomplete fusion gap is eliminated, makes the round and smooth forming of multiple-pass weld, and per pass weld seam
Laser heating is no more than preset times.
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| CN111299548A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-06-19 | 马雪婷 | Auxiliary optical fiber laser repairing device for X-ray flaw detection of automobile aluminum alloy part |
| CN111299548B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-08-27 | 湖北神一汽车零部件有限公司 | Auxiliary optical fiber laser repairing device for X-ray flaw detection of automobile aluminum alloy part |
| CN113172339A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 吉林大学 | Laser wire-filling welding method for medium-thickness plate aluminum/steel dissimilar metal |
| CN115283869A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-04 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Repair welding method for stainless steel composite plate defect |
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