CN109347286A - A kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motors, it is made of stator module, rotor or mover assembly, case component, excitation element is housed on stator magnetic circuit, excitation magnetic source is radial battery, it is same polarity radial radiation magnetic field that excitation element, which is formed by excitation field, the same polarity of the magnetic line of force in radial battery magnetic field is radiated perpendicular to axis direction across motor gas-gap, and stator core shell is magnetizer.The present invention has energy index excellent, various working is adapted to, the characteristics of being widely used.

Description

A kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor

Technical field

The invention belongs to electro-mechanical arts, and in particular to synchronous motor.

Background technique

Now in motor field, high speed, low speed, high-performance, low cost are the directions that people make great efforts.Synchronous motor, Especially permanent magnetic synchronous motor structure is simple, small in size, loss is small, high-efficient, and the synchronous motor with excitation element both may be used Motor use can also be done by making generator

The features such as, it is widely used it.Ac synchronous motor is compared with direct current generator, it does not have changing for direct current generator To device and brush, it is not necessarily to DC power supply.It is compared with asynchronous machine, due to not needing idle exciting current, when synchronous operation without Revolutional slip, thus it is high-efficient, and power factor is high.But it is compared with asynchronous machine also the features such as at high cost, starting difficulty.

1, ordinary rotational speed synchronous motor

Existing ordinary rotational speed synchronous motor, in power frequency, the common range of speeds is at 750-3000 revs/min.No matter generate electricity Generally all on rotor, magnetic potential of air gap is heteropolarity for machine or motor its excitation element.Also some special synchronous machines For excitation element on stator, excitation element is either radial or tangentially mounted, its general air gap excitation magnetic potential is also different Polar, for diametrical magnetization series excitation winding on stator core, magnetic flux circuit is: A excitation magnetic potential source → stator Iron core → air gap → rotor core → air gap → stator core → B excitation magnetic potential source → stator core magnetic yoke → A excitation magnetic potential source On circuit.The every excitation magnetic line of force will pass through air gap and excitation element twice, and it is lower that magnetic potential consumes larger or utilization rate.In this regard, 32-39 pages of [rare-earth permanent-magnet electric machine] that Li Zhongming that National Defense Industry Press's in July, 1999 publishes, LIU WEIGUO write is discussed It states.There is a kind of same polarity inductor specific type of electric machine, excitation element is on the flange on the inside of stator two end cap, it can be achieved that gas Gap magnetic potential same polarity, but it belongs to axial excitation, and axial excitation axial occupation space is big, increases motor axial dimension.It is synchronous Motor can be larger for power draw, and revolving speed does not require the manufacturing machine adjusted, or requires the negative of constant rotational speed operation It carries.Synchronous magnetoelectric machine structure is simple, small in size, light-weight, high-efficient, and power factor is high.But common synchronization motor there is Starting difficulty, it is at high cost the deficiencies of.

2, high-speed synchronous motor

High-speed motor refers generally to 10000 revs/min or more of motor, is mainly used in high-speed machine tool, air circulation refrigeration system, storage Energy flywheel, fuel cell, high speed centrifugation compressor, high speed disintegrator, the fields such as distributed gas turbine high-speed power generation system have Broad application prospect.But the generally existing problem in existing common high-speed motor: first is that rotor dynamics problem, When i.e. rotor rotates, the deviation of rotor quality center and the centre of gyration eliminates problem；Second is that the support frictional abrasion problem of axis；Three It is cooling problem etc..For the high-speed motor of different principle and structure, there is also different advantage and disadvantage.

(1) in terms of existing permanent magnetism high-speed synchronous motor, due to its power density height；It is high-efficient；Power factor it is high and It is used widely.But excitation permanent magnet is all mounted on the rotor, in high-speed cruising, first is that centrifugal force is very big, more than one When determining revolving speed, it is difficult to bear the effect of centrifugal force.If plus protective case, and will appear increase air-gap reluctance, reduce motor performance Problem.Second is that permanent magnet is mounted on the rotor the rotary inertia that will increase rotor, it is unfavorable for the starting and operation of motor.Third is that turning Sub- radiating condition is poor, and temperature is high, and phenomenon of demagnetizing easily occurs in the permanent magnet on rotor.Also the excitation of some Special high-speed synchronous motors For element on stator, excitation element is either radial or tangentially mounted, its general magnetic potential of air gap is also heteropolarity； In the article of " calculating of like pole formula inductor machine inductance " that [HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY science] the 4th phase of volume 26 of in August, 2008 delivers, A kind of same polarity high-speed induction sub-motor is described, excitation element is on stator, and magnetic potential of air gap is same polarity, but it is adopted What is taken is axial excitation.The shortcomings that axial excitation is that motor axial dimension is long, and stock utilization is low；When stator core uses silicon steel When piece is stacked, magnetic field is horizontally through along stator silicon steel plate, and electromagnetic consumable is big.

(2) in terms of existing high-speed switched reluctance motor, since its rotor structure is simple；It is sturdy and durable；Efficiency is placed in the middle； The advantages that low in cost and high temperature resistant, attracts attention.But there is also some shortcomingss for switching magnetic-resistance high-speed motor, first is that Since this motor does not have excitation field, power density is lower, and efficiency is lower.Second is that torque ripple and rotor mechanical oscillation Greatly.Third is that rotor wind friction loss is big.Fourth is that accurate rotor-position signal is needed to control torque and electric current, control system is multiple It is miscellaneous.

(3) in terms of existing high-speed induction motor, since rotor structure is simple；Power density is placed in the middle, rotor high temperature resistant； It is at low cost；Solid rotor can bear the advantages that big centrifugal force and be applied.But it is big that there are rotor losses, low efficiency；Power Factor is lower；The problems such as solid rotor eddy-current loss is big.

3, low speed synchromotor

Low speed synchromotor refers generally in power frequency, and the range of speeds is at tens revs/min-several hundred revs/min.Subtract due to that can remove Fast case realize it is straight drive, therefore, it is many need the slow-speed of revolution, high-torque transmission system in be applied.In many fields, straight line Motor also requires to be low speed, high thrust operation.Screw motor is needing low speed, large torque since double freedom operation can be achieved When, slow spin motor can be such that transmission and control system simplifies, and save space, reduce cost of investment.

(1) existing multipole is asynchronous, certain low-speed range may be implemented in multipole synchronous motor, but too low speed due to by The limitation of structure and process conditions, it is virtually impossible to realize.Meanwhile the increase of number of pole-pairs, the producing level of motor also with reduction, Volume and weight dramatically increases, and energy index degenerates.

(2) general direct current generator also has good governor control characteristics and energy index, but power often occurs in low speed Square fluctuation and fluctuation of speed problem, there are interference problems for DC machines commutation spark, in particular for DC power supply, so that using It is restricted.

(3) it in order to directly obtain low speed, big torque, has developed in low-speed synchronous motor, relatively common has electricity Magnetic deceleration (low speed) motor, roll-turning motor and harmonic motor.Two kinds of slow-speed motor energy indexs next are very low, work Skill is relative complex.In current various slow-speed motors, the decelerator and reaction for being more widely axial excitation are used Formula decelerator, but the energy index of reaction equation decelerator is lower.Nineteen eighty-two China Machine Press publishes, and encourages crane It rings, encourage celebrating and inspire confidence in and elaborated in the 1-6 pages of [the electromagnetic deceleration formula motor] write.

The slow-speed motor of axial excitation has the advantage that 1) without high-speed rotation and the component being prone to wear, to profit Sliding requirement is very low, and therefore, smooth running, noise is low, reliable operation, long service life, is not required to safeguard, it is certain special to be especially suitable for Under the conditions of use；2) input current variation when starting, reversion and different loads is less, low to power requirement, can be in frequency It works under conditions of numerous starting, stopping and reversion, long-term stall will not be burnt out；3) starting, the time for stopping and inverting are non- It is often short, generally within 10-50 milliseconds, therefore, it can be used as servomotor use；Even if 4) cold in stator winding In the case of, it can also generate certain self-locking torque；5) being equipped with the pulse power appropriate can be used as stepping motor (position, angle Deng constituting cheap open loop servo system) it uses；6) transient speed stability is high；6) can multiple electric motors in same supply frequency Lower accurate synchronization operation；7) adapted frequency converter can realize stepless speed regulated AC (5 hertz of -3/5/8 times of power frequencies of permanent torque frequency band, perseverance Torque speed ratio reaches 100 times)；8) the following permanent torque of rated frequency is run, at this time power variable；10) more than rated frequency permanent Power operation, at this time torque are alterable；11) equipment can be kept more energy efficient by adjusting power, electric current, torque；12) applicable list Phase, polyphase source etc..

There is also following deficiencies for the slow-speed motor of axial excitation: 1) comparing common permanent magnet synchronous motor, encouraged due to axial Magnetic slowspeed machine keeps its axial dimension longer using rotor or stator shaft orientation excitation structure, while causing axial material Effective rate of utilization is low, it is difficult to be made into high-power low-speed motor.2) since the revolutional slip of axial excitation motor is close to 1, rotor loss Greatly and electromagnetic deceleration formula motor is to be produced based on being unevenly distributed using air-gap permeance as working principle to magnetic flux distribution It is raw to influence, there can be armature-reaction and add the anti-magnetic potential of monopole, therefore, and under the conditions of an equal amount of excitation magnetic potential, axial excitation The efficiency of motor is lower than common permanent magnet synchronous motor.The 6-7 pages of above-mentioned [electromagnetic deceleration formula motor], page 23,68-75 pages of progress Related description.

In order to solve the problems, such as to manufacture heavy-duty motor, a flange or two end caps of the people on the inside of an end cap Two interior side flanges on equipped with annular axial excitation winding or equivalent permanent magnet；This motor, the every magnetic line of force only pass through Excitation magnetic potential source and main air gap are primary, available biggish torque.But magnetic flux will pass through end flange and armature spindle Therefore additional air gap between set will increase excitation magnetic potential, while axial length will also increase.Although excitation winding is mounted in two The mode of end cap medial end can form monopole magnetic potential to air gap, but still fall within axial excitation.

Another way is circular excitation element to be loaded between two sections of stator cores, while rotor core is also divided into two sections, phase Offset half of rotor slot-pitch between mutually.This mode, the every magnetic line of force will need larger excitation magnetic potential by main air gap twice. Since rotor is in its stress of axially different position difference, this structure is not used to evolve into linear motor or screw motor, on It states the 26-27 pages of [electromagnetic deceleration formula motor] and has carried out related description.

To solve the above-mentioned problems, patent No. CN01118911.8 disclose a kind of double-polarity low-speed permanent-magnet synchronize it is electronic Machine, excitation element permanent-magnet steel are mounted on stator, and the polar alignment of permanent-magnet steel forms bipolar in stator, rotor core Property magnetic field, the excitation field by air gap is also ambipolar.Without excitation element on rotor, rotary inertia is small, may be produced that big Power motor.But the tangential excitation mode of this motor, permanent-magnet steel position is for local stator main winding magnetic loop meeting Generate inhibition；The radial battery mode of this motor can produce between two blocks of adjacent permanent-magnet steels of reversed polarity arrangement Raw larger leakage magnetic flux, if setting magnet isolation tank, increases the magnetic resistance of armature winding magnetic loop.

4, linear motor

The development of industrial automation, more and more places are run using linear motor direct drive relevant apparatus.It is existing various Linear motor is all based on the magnetic circuit of existing various electromagnetic and mechanicals and circuit is evolved.Being using more type will be various Rotating electric machine is radially splitted, and is then evened up and is evolved.The stator rotor of linear motor can be converted mutually.

5, screw motor

Now in mechanical movement and control field, with the raising that the diversification and control of forms of motion require, to multiple degrees of freedom The demand of motor and its Direct Driving System increasingly increases, as the screw motor of a kind of two-freedom, when to different directions into When row constraint or constraint relief, rotation, straight line and screw can be exported, system unit can be reduced, improved efficiency, reliably Property and dynamic property, and manufacture and maintenance cost are reduced, extensive attention both domestic and external is obtained, in fly press, spiral shell Rotary drill machine, spiral drilling machine, turning equipment, spiral lift, screw mixer, step motion control, electromagnetical spiral propeller, instead of gas Dynamic cylinder hydraulic cylinder etc. has a wide range of applications.

Existing various screw motors are all based on existing various rotating electric machines, linear motor and electromagnetic mechanism and are evolved 's." a kind of screw motor " and base of the patent No. 201721660566.2 and 201720402884.2 of the present inventor's application Made of the differentiation of the various rotating electric machines of existing air gap multipole excitation magnetic potential or axial excitation air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential.

6, magnetic suspension bearing

Magnetic suspension bearing be using be mounted on radial suspension force that independent magnetic levitation system between shaft and rack generates or Axial suspension power supports rotor, be suspended in it is aerial, to avoid directly contacting between stator component and rotor part, compared to Gas suspension or liquid suspension bearing its with certain superiority.But at the same time, magnetic suspension bearing also brings new problem, such as The axial length that it is occupied is longer, structure and controls relative complex, higher cost etc. so that magnetic suspension bearing support be difficult to it is wider General application.

7, from bearing electric motor

It is also known as Bearingless motor from bearing electric motor, is gained the name because motor itself has the support function of bearing.From axis Bearing motor belongs to a kind of special shape of magnetic suspension motor.Many from the type of bearing electric motor, domestic research in recent years is compared More is bearing-free reluctance motor.It is to be nested with 2 sets of windings (torque winding and radial suspension forces in the stator slot of reluctance motor Winding), wherein the number of pole-pairs of a set of winding is P, the number of pole-pairs of another set of winding is P ± 1, utilizes the phase between this double winding Radial suspension force required for interaction obtains.Bearing-free reluctance motor is divided into bearingless synchronous reluctance motor and bearing-free switch Reluctance motor.It is firm reliable that bearing-free reluctance motor inherits reluctance motor simultaneously, low in cost, the high advantage of torque density, The limitation for breaching mechanical bearing can reach higher revolving speed, the working condition suitable for Various Complex.But these motors are all Based on the structure of heteropolarity air gap excitation field, so that control is complex.

Summary of the invention

It is easier the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is seeking a kind of simpler structure, manufacture and maintenance, is more efficient Synchronous motor.It is innovating basic structure under the same conditions, for different motor characteristic features, is taking various targeted or comprehensive The technical solution of conjunction property enables to synchronize electricity suitable for the synchronous motor, high revolving speed synchronous motor, the slow-speed of revolution of ordinary rotational speed Machine is adapted to rotating electric machine, linear motor, screw motor, is adapted to inner rotor motor, external rotor electric machine, be adapted to small-power, It is high-power, it is adapted to generator, motor.This is the main object of the present invention.

In order to achieve the above objectives with solution above-mentioned technical problem, technical solution proposed by the present invention is:

A kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, is made of, stator stator module, rotor or mover assembly, case component There are air gap between component and rotor, the motor is motor or generator, and the motor is inner rotor motor or outer rotor Motor, the motor are synchronous magnetic resistance motor or switched reluctance machines or inductor machine, and the motor is rotating electric machine or straight Line motor or stepper motor or screw motor, the linear motor is stator and mover is the motor that can be interchanged, the stator Component includes stator core and its magnetic pole, magnetic yoke, stator main winding, stator excitation element, the motor stator main winding use Be single-phase or multiphase alternating power supply, the stator excitation element is permanent magnet or electrical excitation winding, and excitation element is by multiple Energizing unit spelling group is formed or is made of a whole permanent magnet excitation element, and the rotor assembly includes rotor core and its magnetic Pole, magnetic yoke and armature spindle, bearing, the casing include stator core shell, left end cap or upper end cover, right end cap or lower cover, The armature spindle is the hollow shaft made of magnetizer or non-magnetizer or solid shafting, it is characterised in that: on the stator magnetic circuit Excitation element, the magnetic line of force of the magnetic pole of each excitation magnetic source is that same polarity is radially encouraged on the direction for corresponding to motor gas-gap Magnetic, it is same polarity radial radiation magnetic field, the same pole of the magnetic line of force in radial battery magnetic field that each excitation element, which is formed by excitation field, Property radiate perpendicular to electrical axis direction across motor gas-gap, the stator core shell is magnetizer, and magnetic flux is by fixed Sub- iron core shell.

The technical characteristic of the technical solution show the synchronous motor and meanwhile include 1) excitation winding riding position in stator On；2) magnetic line of force of the magnetic pole of excitation element is radial radiation on the direction for corresponding to motor gas-gap, 3) air gap excitation field It is same polarity (unipolarity).The position placed just because of excitation element, excitation direction, excitation field polarity simultaneously with it is existing same It is different to walk motor, so that magnetic flux path is different, various new technical solutions may be implemented with this, so that the skill of motor Art performance indicator and economical operation index generate different results.

So-called axial excitation refers to that the pole center line of every excitation magnetic potential source is axially or axial with motor according to motor It is placed in parallel；So-called radial battery refers to that the pole center line of every excitation magnetic potential source is radially or radial with motor according to motor It is placed in parallel.

The monopole magnetic potential refers to that the excitation magnetic line of force by a certain space or object is same polarity, same direction.Monopole Also known as homopolarity, unipolarity are also known as same polarity or like pole.

The unipolarity radiation field refers to that excitation unipolarity beam of magnetic line of force gathers or in the same direction in the same direction in a certain aerial cross sectional Diverging or cocurrent and parallel pass through.Such as: the magnetic line of force gather along a certain circular cross-section to center of circle direction or from inner circle radially Circle diverging.For another example: magnetic line of force same polarity passes through a rectangular section air gap or coil cross section air gap etc..

Using each excitation element being mounted on stator in the program, the radial direction, unipolarity, radiation field of air gap are formed, Have the advantage that 1) single pole magnetic field can make air-gap field more evenly；Existing air gap when avoiding bipolarity or multipolarity magnetic field Interelectrode magnetic leakage.2) radial radiation excitation can produce poly- magnetic effect, reduce excitation magnetic potential supply.3) on rotor without excitation element, Be conducive to mitigate rotor weight, reduce rotary inertia.4) bipolarity or multipolarity magnetic potential are eliminated in rotor rotation, magnetic flux pair The phenomenon that rotor core remagnetization, so that the magnetic hystersis loss, eddy-current loss in rotor greatly reduce.5) unipolarity magnetic potential can subtract The small additional wave force that those non-homogeneous rotors with tooth socket or salient pole are easy to produce.6) magnetic flux passes through stator iron Core housing magnetizer avoids the magnetic line of force and passes perpendicularly through stator silicon steel plate plane, eliminates the magnetic line of force and pass perpendicularly through stator core The magnetic resistance of existing additional air gap when magnet steel plate plane reduces magnetic potential loss, reduces stator iron loss.7) the every magnetic line of force only passes through Overexcitation magnetic potential source and main air gap are primary, can reduce magnetic potential supply or improve the effective rate of utilization of magnetic potential.8) excitation winding is installed When on stator, motor axial dimension can be greatly reduced, improves stock utilization.9) excitation winding is mounted on stator, convenient Cooling heat dissipation etc..The above advantage is greatly improved the energy index of motor, may be produced that heavy-duty motor.

In the program, when armature spindle uses permeability magnetic material, rotor core can be used material identical with armature spindle and be equal Substitution, shaft can be integrated with rotor core.

It, should be there are when excitation element is formed using more than one piece dispersion spelling group, between two pieces excitation element two sides in the program Air-gap or filling non-magnet material, prevent excitation element from leakage field.

In the program, when using more than one piece excitation element dispersed placement, can adjust excitation element center line and stator master around Relative position between group center line, obtains the smallest armature-reaction.Or install auxiliary additional between the air-gap of two pieces excitation element Magnetic pole improves motor performance.

In the program, the excitation element can be permanent magnet, be also possible to electrical excitation winding, using electrical excitation winding When, space is equipped with the leading pole with stator core one in excitation winding.

In the program, when shaft uses hollow shaft, rotor moment of inertia can be reduced, be especially conducive in high-speed motor It starts, operation.

In the program, when using hollow shaft, hollow shaft can process equipped with ball-screw or on inner wall of hollow shaft spiral Slot, in screw rod, the exportable straight line of screw rod or screw can be housed.

In the program, when excitation element and main winding when the different-diameter range arrangement in stator, the path of magnetic excitation circuit Different from the path of stator main winding magnetic circuit, magnetic excitation circuit will pass through stator core shell, and stator main winding magnetic circuit is without fixed Sub- iron core shell.When same diameter range is arranged in stator for excitation element and main winding, the path of magnetic excitation circuit and stator The path of main winding magnetic circuit is identical, and the two magnetic circuit all passes through stator core shell.

In the program, stator, rotor core structure include salient pole type, hidden pole type or hybrid etc..

In the program, rotor core can be radial stacked, be also possible to punching axial direction laminated type.

In the program, in order to improve starting performance, can take it is existing improve synchronous motor starting ability it is various at Cooking technique scheme, such as: device mouse cage starts winding etc. in rotor core.

In the program, excitation element is added in magnetic circuit, establishes excitation field, is necessary for generator；For electronic For machine, excitation field can improve the interference performance to external magnetic field (such as voltage fluctuation), improve the job stability of motor；It encourages Magnetic magnetic field provides higher magnetic field working range, the control of motor is easier, overload capacity is stronger.

In the program, in order to solve the problems, such as the centrifugal force of high-speed motor, the related art scheme of existing maturation be can be used.

In the program, in order to solve the problems, such as cooling, the related art scheme of existing maturation be can be used.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme is, described in stator magnet Road is equipped with excitation element, and the magnetic line of force of the magnetic pole of each excitation magnetic source is same polarity radial direction on the direction for corresponding to motor gas-gap Excitation refers to that each excitation element is mounted on the magnetic circuit on the inside of stator core shell between stator core magnetic yoke, each excitation member The same polar magnetic field magnetic line for the magnetic pole that part generates is radiated perpendicular to axis direction across motor gas-gap.The casing is determined Sub- iron core shell and both ends end cap are magnetizers, and magnetic flux passes through stator core shell and both ends end cap, and left and right end cap has A part of spin crossover area and rotor core or magnetic conductive axis sliding contact cooperate, and constitute a part of magnetic circuit.Each magnetic loop is led The area of section size of magnet should ensure that its magnetic field will not supersaturation.

In the program, the magnetic excitation circuit for rotating electric machine is: excitation element → stator core shell → two sides end cap → Two sides end cap and two sides magnetic conduction between centers or additional air gap → two sides magnetic conductive axis or two sides turn between the rotor core exterior surface of two sides Sub- iron core → main air gap → two sides stator core → stator yoke → the excitation element of two sides work.The every excitation magnetic line of force only passes through Work main air gap and magnetic potential source it is primary, advantageously reduce magnetic potential supply or improve magnetic potential effective rate of utilization.The magnetic of stator main winding Field magnetic circuit is in the main main air gap → stator core of air gap → rotor core → work of stator core → work as ordinary motor Magnetic loop on.

In the program, energized circuit is magnetizer by stator core shell, avoids the magnetic line of force and passes perpendicularly through stator silicon Steel disc plane eliminates the magnetic line of force and passes perpendicularly through existing additional air gap magnetic resistance when stator core magnet steel plate plane, reduces gas The loss of gap magnetic potential, reduces stator iron loss.The magnetic circuit of the air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor related to this of other types With it is above-mentioned similar.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme is, described in stator magnet Road is equipped with excitation element, and the magnetic line of force of the magnetic pole of each excitation magnetic source is same polarity radial direction on the direction for corresponding to motor gas-gap Excitation refers to the magnetic circuit that each excitation element is mounted between stator core shell two sides end and rotor core or magnetic conductivity axis On, the same polar magnetic field magnetic line of the magnetic pole that each excitation element generates radiate perpendicular to axis direction across motor gas-gap and Magnetic conductivity axial play, two magnetic poles of excitation element are respectively provided with inside and outside pole shoe, and stator core shell is magnetizer, excitation magnetic Stator core shell is crossed in promoting menstruation, and left and right end cap or upper and lower end cap are non-magnetizers.Interior pole shoe spin crossover and rotor core are led Magnetic axis sliding contact cooperation, constitutes a part of magnetic circuit.The area of section size of each magnetic loop magnetizer should ensure that its magnetic field not It can supersaturation.

In the program, the magnetic excitation circuit for rotating electric machine is: the outer pole of motor two sides excitation element → two sides excitation element Boots → stator core shell → main air gap → rotor core of stator core → work or magnetic conductive axis → rotor core exterior surface are led Pole shoe → two sides excitation element in additional air gap → two sides of pole shoe or shaft room in magnetic axis and two sides excitation element.Every excitation The magnetic flux magnetic line of force only passes through the main air gap of work and magnetic potential source is primary, advantageously reduces magnetic potential supply or improves magnetic potential utilization rate.It is fixed The magnetic field magnetic circuit of sub- main winding is in the main air gap of stator core → work → main gas of rotor core → work as ordinary motor On gap → stator core magnetic loop.The magnetic circuit of the air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor related to this of other types with it is upper It states similar.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, improved technical solution is, in the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit On, ferrofluid is filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap.Ferrofluid has the common of ferromagnetic material and fluid Characteristic is superparamagnetic fluid material, the far super general paramagnetic material of magnetic susceptibility.Ferrofluid is inserted in air gap, is on the one hand had Lower magnetic resistance, reduces magnetic potential supply effect, on the other hand there is lubrication and sealing function.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme are that the motor is one Kind of synchronous reluctance formula motor, stator and rotor are salient pole type or hidden pole type or mixing pole formula, rotor magnetic pole be provided with mouse cage start around Group.In the program, rotor structure includes outer reaction equation, interior reaction equation, inside and outside reaction equation etc..In the program, in magnetic excitation circuit On circuit, ferrofluid is filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap.When stator main winding accesses high frequency electric source, it can use In high-speed motor.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme are that the motor is one Kind switched reluctance motor, stator and rotor are salient pole type or hidden pole type or hybrid, and stator winding accesses alternation Switching Power Supply.It should In scheme, rotor structure includes outer reaction equation, interior reaction equation, inside and outside reaction equation etc..In the program, in the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit On, it is filled with ferrofluid in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap, can be used for high-speed motor.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme are that the motor is one Kind of electromagnetic deceleration formula motor, stator and rotor are non-salient poles or hybrid, slot are all provided on stator and rotor iron core, and stator and rotor are opened Mouthful slot number meets following relationship: rotor openings slot number=stator openings slot number ± stator winding number of pole-pairs or rotor openings slot number= Stator openings slot number ± air-gap permeance wave maximum frequency of occurrence.In the program, since the revolutional slip of electromagnetic deceleration formula motor is higher, The material of high magnetic permeability, high resistivity can be used in its rotor magnetic circuit material, for example, using amorphous ferromagnetic material, to reduce rotor Eddy-current loss.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential electromagnetic deceleration formula synchronous motor, improved technical solution is, in excitation On the circuit of magnetic circuit, it is filled with ferrofluid in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap, main air gap is corresponding to be determined working It is filled completely in son, rotor tooth socket with non-magnet material.In the program, ferrofluid is inserted in air gap, is on the one hand had and is lowered magnetic Resistance reduces magnetic potential supply effect, on the other hand has lubrication and sealing function.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme are that the motor is one Kind linear motor, the linear motor is single or double linear stator motor.The synchronous magnetic resistance motor of rotated versions, Switched reluctance machines, slowspeed machine etc. can evolve into linear motor.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, available and improved technical solution is the electricity Machine is a kind of magnetic suspension motor, and axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body be housed in motor stator core, radial suspension around Group can be passed through alternating current or direct current；Or the excitation intensity of the excitation element of motor upper semi-circle is higher than the excitation element of lower half circle Excitation intensity control the parameters of electric power of each winding respectively at this point, excitation winding and suspending windings can be same set of winding. Suspension control can also be combined with suspending windings by permanent magnet excitation.When suspension magnetic also uses unipolarity suspension magnetic, and suspension When winding magnetic circuit magnetic circuit is identical as magnetic excitation circuit, control system is simpler.

In the program, it is also possible to the rotor suspension motor that radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation winding jointly control.It is right In symmetrically rotor with non-salient poles and the air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor of horizontal placement, the excitation element of motor upper semi-circle Excitation intensity is higher than the excitation intensity of the excitation element of lower half circle, realizes that radial suspension control is easier.It, can also be in the program Axial suspension power device is housed on rotor simultaneously.

In the program, iron can also be filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap on the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit Magnetic fluid.The program is suitable for switched reluctance machines, synchronous magnetic resistance motor is also applied for, especially suitable for high-speed motor.

The rotor of the magnetic suspension motor of the program using high-strength magnetic material or after carrying out reinforcement protection, can be used as energy storage, It releases energy motor to use, when stator main winding inputs alternating current, motor stores energy as motor running, rotor.When fixed When sub- main winding disconnects power supply and accesses load, motor is run as generator, and motor exports electric energy.The motor as energy storage, When releasing energy motor, two shaft ends of motor can install repulsion formula axial thrust magnetic suspension bearing, axial thrust magnetic suspension axis additional Magnetic isolation will be carried out with main magnetic circuit by holding；Entire electric machine casing can be sealed processing, can be evacuated in shell.

In the program, when removing stator main winding, motor can be used as magnetic suspension bearing use.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, available and improved technical solution is the electricity Machine is a kind of synchronous reluctance formula magnetic suspension motor, in motor stator core equipped with axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body or The excitation intensity of the excitation element of motor upper semi-circle is higher than the excitation intensity of the excitation element of lower half circle.It, can also be in the program It is the rotor suspension motor that radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation winding jointly control.Unipolarity excitation field and use unipolarity Suspension magnetic keeps control system simpler., can also be on the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit in the program, corresponding existing spatial joint clearance Or ferrofluid is filled in air gap.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, available and improved technical solution is the electricity Machine is a kind of switching magnetic-resistance magnetic suspension motor, and axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body or electricity are housed in motor stator core The excitation intensity of the excitation element of machine upper semi-circle is higher than the excitation intensity of the excitation element of lower half circle.In the program, it is also possible to The rotor suspension motor that radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation winding jointly control.In the program on the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit, Ferrofluid is filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme are that the motor is spiral shell Motor is revolved, the screw motor is developed by above-mentioned various rotating electric machines, and the bearing is double freedom bearing, double freedom Degree bearing holder (housing, cover) is outer mounted in armature spindle or is sleeved on outside rotor core.It is sleeved on outside rotor core, when rotor core is salient pole or magnetic There are when tooth socket on extremely, non magnetic wear-resistant material is loaded in the recess of rotor core or the tooth socket of magnetic pole.As spiral electricity Machine, the stator and mover (rotor) magnetic pole, stator winding are all pressed respectively between stator and mover on the basis of the central diameter of air gap It is reversed into the essentially identical angle of helix angle size around its axis counterclockwise clockwise or all, helix angle is Positive and negative 5 ° -85 °, form magnetic pole of the stator and mover magnetic pole, main winding, the screw arrangement for starting winding, magnetic pole of the stator and mover magnetic Rake angle between pole or helix angle size difference are no more than positive and negative 5 °, a kind of specific selection of motor helical lift angle size according to It is determined according to the factors such as required axial thrust and torque magnitude ratio；Motor stator or mover length according to be interior mover or Depending on outer mover mode, long mover or short mover mode and the axial stroke of needs, in the axial displacement condition of constraint mover Under, mover can do in a circumferential direction the continuous forward and reverse rotation of 360 ° of ranges according to current direction, while generate thrust；? It constrains under the displacement condition of direction of rotation, mover can do linear reciprocating motion according to current direction；Release axial displacement constraint and Under conditions of the displacement constraint of direction of rotation, mover can do forward-reverse spiral movement, motor according to current direction or the magnetic pole hand of spiral Power supply uses the alternating source of direct-current switch power supply or two-phase or more.

When the excitation element of above-mentioned screw motor is mounted between stator core and magnetic conduction stator casing, excitation element can be with Be parallel to axial arrangement, can also as main winding screw arrangement.

Above-mentioned screw motor is both suitable for synchronous magnetic resistance motor, is also suitable for switched reluctance machines.In excitation in the program On the circuit of magnetic circuit, ferrofluid is filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, available and improved technical solution is the electricity Machine is a kind of magnetic suspension screw motor, is equipped on axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body or motor in motor stator core The excitation intensity of the excitation element of semicircle is higher than the excitation intensity of the excitation element of lower half circle.In the program, it is also possible to radial direction The rotor suspension motor that suspending windings and permanent magnet excitation winding jointly control.For symmetrically rotor with non-salient poles, horizontal placement Air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, the excitation intensity of the excitation element of motor upper semi-circle are higher than the excitation element of lower half circle Excitation intensity realizes that radial suspension is easier.

In the program, since screw motor axially has thrust, effect may replace axial suspension bearing.

In the program, iron can also be filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap on the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit Magnetic fluid.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme are that the motor is low Fast screw motor, the slow spin motor are developed by above-mentioned various low speed rotation motors, and the bearing is double free Bearing is spent, double freedom bearing holder (housing, cover) is outer mounted in armature spindle or is sleeved in rotor core tooth socket after the non magnetic wear-resistant material of filling Outside rotor core, the stator and mover (rotor) magnetic pole, tooth socket, stator winding are respectively between stator and mover in air gap On the basis of diameter, all by clockwise or being all reversed into the essentially identical angle of helix angle size around its axis counterclockwise Degree, helix angle are positive and negative 5 ° -85 °, form the screw arrangement of stator tooth socket and mover tooth socket, electric conductor and magnetic pole, stator magnet Angle of bevel or helix angle size between pole and the tooth socket of mover magnetic pole, which differ, is no more than positive and negative 5 °, a kind of specific motor spiral shell Revolve axial thrust and torque magnitude ratio required for the selection gist of lift angle size, revolving speed, power, power factor, efficiency because Element determines；Motor stator or mover length are according to being interior mover or outer mover mode, long mover or short mover mode and need Depending on the axial stroke wanted, under the conditions of constraining the axial displacement of mover, mover can be done in a circumferential direction according to current direction The continuous forward and reverse rotation of 360 ° of ranges, while generating thrust；In the case where constraining direction of rotation displacement condition, mover can be according to electric current Do linear reciprocating motion in direction；Under conditions of releasing axial displacement constraint and direction of rotation displacement constraint, mover can be according to electricity Stream direction or the magnetic pole hand of spiral do forward-reverse spiral movement, and motor power uses the alternation of direct-current switch power supply or two-phase or more Power supply.When the excitation element of above-mentioned screw motor is mounted between stator core magnetic yoke and magnetic conduction stator casing, excitation element can To be parallel to axial arrangement, can also as main winding screw arrangement.

In the program on the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit, ferrofluid is filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap. In the program, it can be in motor stator core equipped with axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body.It, can also in the program With the rotor suspension motor for being radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation winding jointly controls.In the program, due to screw motor axis To there are thrust, effect may replace axial suspension bearing.

A kind of above-mentioned air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, alternative technology scheme are that the motor is one Kind straight line magnetic suspension motor, mover of the stator of the motor as linear motor, the rotor (mover) of the motor is as straight The stator of line motor.

Synchronous magnetic resistance motor, switched reluctance machines, the slowspeed machine etc. of above-mentioned magnetic suspension rotated versions can evolve into Straight line magnetic suspension motor.

Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

Detailed description of the invention:

Fig. 1 is a kind of axial cutting structural schematic diagram of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential low-speed synchronous motor of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a kind of radial cutting structural schematic diagram of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential low-speed synchronous motor of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a kind of basic principle schematic of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential screw motor of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a kind of axial cross section structural schematic diagram of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential screw motor of the invention.

Specific embodiment

Attached drawing 1, the structural schematic diagram that attached drawing 2 is a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential low-speed synchronous motor of the invention. The motor is made of stator module, rotor assembly, case component, and motor is internal rotor permanent-magnetic formula motor, motor stator main winding Using three-phase alternating source.There are air gaps 30 between stator module and rotor assembly.Stator module include stator core 12 and its Magnetic pole 17, magnetic yoke 18 and stator main winding 15, stator excitation permanent magnet 11；Excitation permanent magnet 11 is mounted on stator core shell 10 On magnetic circuit between inside and stator core magnetic yoke 18.Rotor assembly include rotor core 22, rotor rim 21 and armature spindle 20, Bearing 24, rotor rim 21 use amorphous ferromagnetic material, and to reduce rotor eddy current loss, rotor core 22 is started equipped with mouse cage Winding 25, to improve starting capability.Casing includes stator core shell 10, left end cap 14, right end cap 13, stator core shell 10 It is all magnetizer with end cap 14,13.Excitation permanent magnet assembly is formed by 8 11 spelling groups of Energizing unit, every two pieces excitation element Between two sides should there are air-gaps 19, to prevent excitation element from leakage field.Armature spindle 20 is the hollow shaft made of non-magnetizer, The excitation magnetic source of excitation permanent magnet 11 on stator magnetic circuit is same polarity radial battery, and the pole S of each excitation permanent magnet 11 is formed Excitation field be same polarity radial radiation magnetic field, the same polarity of the magnetic line of force in radial battery magnetic field is perpendicular to electrical axis direction Radiation is across motor gas-gap 30.Magnetic flux passes through along axial direction to two sides by stator core shell 10, and by two sides end cap 14,13.Left and right end cap 14,13 and 21 sliding contact of rotor core magnetic yoke cooperate.On the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit, existing for correspondence Ferrofluid 31 is filled in spatial joint clearance or air gap, ferrofluid is inserted in air gap, is on the one hand had and is lowered magnetic resistance, and magnetic is reduced On the other hand gesture supply effect has lubrication and sealing function (if ferrofluid is also inserted in the main air gap that works, right It is filled in the stator answered, rotor tooth socket 16,23 with non-magnet material full).Tooth socket 16, stator tooth are provided on each magnetic pole of stator Slot number is 48；Rotor is hidden pole type, and slot 23 is provided on rotor core, and rotor tooth slot number is 50, and the slot number that stator and rotor is open expires It is enough lower relationship: rotor openings slot number=stator openings slot number ± stator winding number of pole-pairs.Stator winding 15 and general AC electrical Machine is identical.When frequency is 50 hertz, motor speed is 60 revs/min, and rotor turns to forward.

In the embodiment, the energized circuit of motor is: 10 → two sides of excitation element 11 → stator core shell end cap 14,13 31 → two sides of ferrofluid rotor in additional air gap between 21 outer surface of → two sides end cap 14,13 and two sides rotor core magnetic yoke 21 → two sides of iron core magnetic yoke work, 18 → excitation element of main 30 → two sides of air gap, 12 → stator yoke of stator core 11.It is shown in Fig. 1 The magnetic flux shown only passes through the main air gap of work and magnetic potential source one respectively along a, b, c, d loop works, the every magnetic flux magnetic line of force It is secondary, it advantageously reduces magnetic potential supply or improves magnetic potential utilization rate.The magnetic field magnetic loop of stator main winding is as shown in Fig. 2, main winding 15 magnetic flux is along the main 30 → stator core of air gap 12 of main 30 → rotor core of air gap, the 22 → work of stator core 12 → work Magnetic loop e on work.

In the embodiment, if the excitation intensity of the excitation permanent magnet 11 of the upper semi-circle of stator circumference is greater than encouraging for lower half circle The excitation intensity of magnetic permanent magnet is to appropriate dynamics, then rotor can suspension operation.When each excitation permanent magnet 11 uses right quantity Electrical excitation coil replace, by controlling the input parameter of each magnet exciting coil, it can be achieved that accurate suspension operation.

Attached drawing 3 is a kind of basic principle schematic of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential screw motor of the invention.1A is Screw motor mover, 2B are the expanded schematic diagram in the magnetic field that one pole stator N of screw motor generates, and 1B is one section of spiral shell on mover 1A The expanded schematic diagram of tooth is revolved, when magnetic field 2B is moved along the direction F, 1B can make mover 1A along magnetic under the drive of Maxwell force F The direction of motion moves synchronously, and resultant force F can be analyzed to axis 1X and the level tangent with mover 1A circumference perpendicular to mover 1A The axial thrust load F2, F1 of component (rotational component) the F1 and axis 1X for being parallel to mover 1A can drive mover 1A around mover axis 1X It is rotated with angular velocity omega, F2 can drive mover 1A for linear motion with linear velocity v along mover axis 1X.The resultant motion of ω and v Mover 1A is constituted around the screw of mover axis 1X.

Attached drawing 4 is a kind of axial cross section structural schematic diagram of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential screw motor of the invention. The motor stator component includes stator core 12, stator main winding 15, stator excitation permanent magnet 11；Excitation permanent magnet 11 is mounted on On magnetic circuit between 10 inside of stator core machine shell and the magnetic yoke of stator core 12.Rotor assembly includes rotor core 22, turns Sub- axis 20, bearing 24, rotor core 22 uses amorphous ferromagnetic material, to reduce rotor eddy current loss.Casing includes stator core Shell 10, left end cap 14, right end cap 13, stator core shell 10 and end cap 14,13 are all magnetizers.Excitation permanent magnet assembly is Formed by 8 11 spelling groups of Energizing unit, between every two pieces excitation element two sides should there are air-gaps, to prevent excitation element natural leak Magnetic.Armature spindle 20 is the hollow shaft made of magnetizer, and the excitation magnetic source of the excitation permanent magnet 11 on stator magnetic circuit is same polarity Radial battery, it is same polarity radial radiation magnetic field, the magnetic in radial battery magnetic field that each excitation permanent magnet 11, which is formed by excitation field, The same polarity of the line of force is radiated perpendicular to electrical axis direction across motor gas-gap 30.Magnetic flux passes through 10 edge of stator core shell It is axial to pass through to two sides, and by two sides end cap 14,13.Left and right end cap 14,13 and 22 sliding contact of rotor core cooperate.Stator Tooth socket 16 is provided on each magnetic pole, stator tooth slot number is 48；Rotor is hidden pole type, and slot 23, rotor tooth are provided on rotor core Slot number is 50, and stator and rotor opening slot number meets following relationship: rotor openings slot number=stator openings slot number ± stator winding pole Logarithm.On the circuit of magnetic excitation circuit, it is filled with ferrofluid 31 in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap, ferrofluid is filled out Enter in air gap, on the one hand have lower magnetic resistance, reduce magnetic potential supply effect, on the other hand have lubrication and sealing function (if Ferrofluid is also inserted in the main air gap that works, then is filled in corresponding stator, rotor tooth socket 16,23 with non-magnet material It is full).Stator winding 15 is identical as general ac motor.When frequency is 50 hertz, rotor is with 60 revs/min of revolving speed spiral Movement, rotor turn to as spiral forward.It is motor helical inverted running when changing main winding input voltage phase sequence.When input not When same frequency pulse voltage, motor can the operation of stepping spiral.

In the embodiment, the energized circuit of motor is: 10 → two sides of excitation element 11 → stator core shell end cap 14,13 31 → mover of ferrofluid iron core 22 → two in additional air gap between 22 outer surface of → two sides end cap 14,13 and mover iron core magnetic Main 30 → two sides of air gap, the 12 → excitation element of stator core 11 of side work.The magnetic flux shown in Fig. 4 is respectively along the circuit a, b, c, d Work, the every magnetic flux magnetic line of force only passes through the main air gap of work and magnetic potential source is primary, advantageously reduces magnetic potential supply or improves Magnetic potential utilization rate.The magnetic field magnetic loop of stator main winding is: the magnetic flux of main winding 15 is along stator core 12 → main gas of work It works on the magnetic loop of the main 30 → stator core of air gap 12 of 30 → rotor core of gap 22 → work.

Although having been combined preferred embodiment describes the device of the invention, the present invention is not limited to as described herein Concrete form, on the contrary, its object is to cover naturally fall into the scope of the invention that described claims limit Various alternatives, remodeling, various characteristic elements recombinant and derivative Combination nova and equivalents.

Claims (18)

1. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor, is made of stator module, rotor or mover assembly, case component, fixed There are air gap between sub-component and rotor, the motor is motor or generator, and the motor is inner rotor motor or outer turn Sub-motor, the motor are synchronous magnetic resistance motor or switched reluctance machines or inductor machine, the motor be rotating electric machine or Linear motor or stepper motor or screw motor, the linear motor is stator and mover is the motor that can be interchanged, described fixed Sub-component includes stator core and its magnetic pole, magnetic yoke, stator main winding, stator excitation element, and the motor stator main winding is adopted It is single-phase or multiphase alternating power supply, the stator excitation element is permanent magnet or electrical excitation winding, and excitation element is by more A Energizing unit spelling group is formed or is made of a whole permanent magnet excitation element, and the rotor assembly includes rotor core and its magnetic Pole, magnetic yoke and armature spindle, bearing, the casing include stator core shell, left end cap or upper end cover, right end cap or lower cover, The armature spindle is the hollow shaft made of magnetizer or non-magnetizer or solid shafting, it is characterised in that: described in stator magnetic circuit On excitation element, the magnetic line of force of the magnetic pole of each excitation magnetic source is that same polarity is radially encouraged on the direction for corresponding to motor gas-gap Magnetic, it is same polarity radial radiation magnetic field, the same pole of the magnetic line of force in radial battery magnetic field that each excitation element, which is formed by excitation field, Property radiate perpendicular to electrical axis direction across motor gas-gap, the stator core shell is magnetizer, and magnetic flux is by fixed Sub- iron core shell.

2. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in stator magnet The excitation element that road is equipped with, the magnetic line of force of the magnetic pole of each excitation magnetic source are same polarity diameters on the direction for corresponding to motor gas-gap To excitation, refer to that each excitation element is mounted on the magnetic circuit on the inside of stator core shell between stator core magnetic yoke, each excitation The same polar magnetic field magnetic line for the magnetic pole that element generates is radiated perpendicular to electrical axis direction across motor gas-gap, stator iron Core housing is magnetizer, and left and right end cap or upper and lower end cap are magnetizers, and magnetic flux passes through stator core shell and two sides end cap, Two side ends are stamped a part of spin crossover area and rotor core or magnetic conductive axis sliding contact cooperates, and constitute a part of magnetic circuit.

3. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described in stator magnet The excitation element that road is equipped with, the magnetic line of force of the magnetic pole of each excitation magnetic source are same polarity diameters on the direction for corresponding to motor gas-gap To excitation, refer to the magnetic that each excitation element is mounted between stator core shell two sides end and rotor core or magnetic conductivity axis On the road, the same polar magnetic field magnetic line for the magnetic pole that each excitation element generates is radiated perpendicular to electrical axis direction across motor Two magnetic poles of air gap and magnetic conductivity axial play, excitation element are respectively provided with inside and outside pole shoe, and stator core shell is magnetizer, Magnetic flux passes through stator core shell, and left and right end cap or upper and lower end cap are non-magnetizers, interior pole shoe spin crossover and rotor iron Core or magnetic conductive axis sliding contact cooperation, constitute a part of magnetic circuit.

4. a kind of according to claim 1, air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor described in 2,3, it is characterised in that: in excitation magnetic On the circuit on road, ferrofluid is filled in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap.

5. a kind of according to claim 1, air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor described in 2,3, it is characterised in that: the motor A kind of synchronous reluctance formula motor, stator and rotor are salient pole type or hidden pole type or hybrid, rotor magnetic pole be provided with mouse cage start around Group.

6. a kind of according to claim 1, air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor described in 2,3, it is characterised in that: the motor It is a kind of switched reluctance motor, stator and rotor are salient pole type or hidden pole type or hybrid, and stator winding accesses alternation switch electricity Source.

7. a kind of according to claim 1, air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor described in 2,3, it is characterised in that: the motor A kind of electromagnetic deceleration formula motor, stator and rotor are hidden pole types or hybrid, be all provided with slot on stator-rotor iron core, and it is fixed, turn Son opening slot number meets following relationship: rotor openings slot number=stator openings slot number ± stator winding number of pole-pairs or rotor openings slot Number=stator openings slot number ± air-gap permeance wave maximum frequency of occurrence.

8. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: in magnetic excitation circuit On circuit, it is filled with ferrofluid in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap, it is empty in existing stator, rotor tooth socket or notch It is interior to be filled completely with non-magnet material.

9. a kind of according to claim 1, air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor described in 2,3, it is characterised in that: the motor It is a kind of linear motor, the linear motor is single or double linear stator motor.

10. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the motor is A kind of linear motor, the linear motor are single or double linear stator motor.

11. a kind of according to claim 1, air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor described in 2,3, it is characterised in that: the electricity Machine is a kind of magnetic suspension motor, and axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body or motor upper semi-circle are housed in motor stator core Excitation element excitation intensity be higher than lower half circle excitation element excitation intensity or radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation The rotor suspension motor that winding jointly controls.

12. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the motor is A kind of magnetic suspension motor, encouraging equipped with axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body or motor upper semi-circle in motor stator core Excitation intensity or radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation winding of the excitation intensity of magnetic cell higher than the excitation element of lower half circle The rotor suspension motor jointly controlled.

13. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the motor is A kind of magnetic suspension motor, encouraging equipped with axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body or motor upper semi-circle in motor stator core Excitation intensity or radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation winding of the excitation intensity of magnetic cell higher than the excitation element of lower half circle The rotor suspension motor jointly controlled.

14. a kind of according to claim 1, air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor described in 2,3, it is characterised in that: the electricity Machine is screw motor, and the bearing is double freedom bearing, and double freedom bearing holder (housing, cover) is outer mounted in armature spindle or is sleeved on rotor iron Outside core, the stator and mover or rotor magnetic pole, stator main winding, rotor starting winding are respectively with air gap between stator and mover Central diameter on the basis of, it is all essentially identical by around its axis a helix angle size is reversed into counterclockwise clockwise or all Angle, helix angle is positive and negative 5 ° -85 °, form magnetic pole of the stator and mover magnetic pole, main winding and start winding screw arrangement, Rake angle or helix angle size between magnetic pole of the stator and mover pole center line, which differ, is no more than positive and negative 5 °, a kind of specific electricity Axial thrust required for the selection gist of machine helix angle size and torque magnitude ratio, revolving speed, power, power factor, effect Rate factor determines；Motor stator or mover length are according to being interior mover or outer mover mode, long mover or short mover mode And depending on the axial stroke needed, under the conditions of constraining the axial displacement of mover, mover can be according to current direction, in circumferencial direction On do the continuous forward and reverse rotation of 360 ° of ranges, while generating thrust；In the case where constraining direction of rotation displacement condition, mover can foundation Current direction does linear reciprocating motion；Releasing axial displacement constraint and under conditions of the displacement constraint of direction of rotation, mover can be according to Forward-reverse spiral movement is done according to current direction or the magnetic pole hand of spiral, motor power is using direct-current switch power supply or two-phase or more Alternating source.

15. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the motor is Screw motor, the bearing are double freedom bearings, and double freedom bearing holder (housing, cover) is outer mounted in armature spindle or is sleeved on rotor core tooth Outside rotor core after loading non magnetic wear-resistant material in slot, the stator and mover or rotor magnetic pole, tooth socket, stator winding, Winding is started respectively between stator and mover on the basis of the central diameter of air gap, all by clockwise or all counterclockwise around its axis Line is reversed into the essentially identical angle of helix angle size, and helix angle is positive and negative 5 ° -85 °, forms stator tooth socket and moves Sub- tooth socket, starts winding screw arrangement, angle of bevel or spiral between magnetic pole of the stator and the tooth socket of mover magnetic pole at stator winding Lift angle size difference is no more than positive and negative 5 °, axial thrust required for a kind of specific selection gist of motor helical lift angle size and Torque magnitude ratio, revolving speed, power, power factor, efficiency factor determine；Motor stator or mover length according to be interior mover also Depending on being outer mover mode, long mover or short mover mode and the axial stroke of needs, in the axial displacement item of constraint mover Under part, mover can do in a circumferential direction the continuous forward and reverse rotation of 360 ° of ranges according to current direction, while generate thrust； In the case where constraining direction of rotation displacement condition, mover can do linear reciprocating motion according to current direction；Releasing axial displacement constraint Under conditions of the displacement constraint of direction of rotation, mover can do forward-reverse spiral movement according to current direction or the magnetic pole hand of spiral, electricity Electromechanical source uses the alternating source of direct-current switch power supply or two-phase or more.

16. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 14, it is characterised in that: the motor is A kind of magnetic suspension motor, encouraging equipped with axial magnetic power winding or suspension permanent magnet body or motor upper semi-circle in motor stator core Excitation intensity or radial suspension winding and permanent magnet excitation winding of the excitation intensity of magnetic cell higher than the excitation element of lower half circle The rotor suspension motor jointly controlled.

17. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 14, it is characterised in that: in magnetic excitation circuit Circuit on, be filled with ferrofluid in corresponding existing spatial joint clearance or air gap.

18. a kind of air gap monopole excitation magnetic potential synchronous motor according to claim 10, it is characterised in that: the motor is A kind of straight line magnetic suspension motor, mover of the stator of the motor as linear motor, the rotor of the motor or mover conduct The stator of linear motor.