CN1093447C

CN1093447C - Processing art and mould for nonmetal type liquid forging or extruding casting formation

Info

Publication number: CN1093447C
Application number: CN00116130A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张有明; 叶进光
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-09-27
Filing date: 2000-09-27
Publication date: 2002-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2020-09-27
Also published as: CN1287896A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a technology and a mould for combining casting and forging. The mould for liquid forging or extruding casting formation is made of nonmetal material; molten metal of a component part to be formed is poured into the mould and is formed by a special hydraulic device through pressurization, pressure maintenance and crystallization. The component part has the advantages of tight structure, high strength and little processing amount, and the mould has the advantages of low cost, quick moulding and short period. The present invention is suitable for individual production in a small order. A valve body by extruding casting has higher performance than that of the valve body by sand casting; a large riser head in a sand mould is saved, and therefore, the utilization rate of materials is increased from 40 to 60% originally to 80 to 90%. The mould also has the advantages of energy saving, material saving, less pollution, high strength and high quality. The technology can replace the original technology of common sand castings, partial refined castings and forgings and can approach to or reach the performance of the forgings.

Description

Non-metal type liquid is forged or is squeezed and cast shape technology and mould

Non-metal type liquid forging of the present invention or extrusion casint forming technique are a kind of combination process for casting and forging and mould.Belong to and forge (B21j) or casting (B22D) class.

Existing liquid forging and extrusion casint forming technology to metal parts, its mould all adopts metal die.It has the general liquid advantage that is shaped: part crystal grain is thin, tissue tight, three-dimensional mechanical performance difference is little, the intensity height, can near or reach the performance of forging, but the liquid of metal die is forged or is squeezed and casts the mould manufacturing expenses that shape technology greatest drawback is a costliness, and causing metal parts to be formed must have certain batch could produce.But some large and medium-sized valve bodies, various section bar squeeze films, compression mod etc. are difficult to form in batches, cause burdensome expensive mould expense; And some part is made inconvenient of metal die, the processing cutting output is big.

The purpose of this invention is to provide non-metal type liquid and forge and squeeze and cast shape technology and mould, the solution parts batch is little, mould takes height, processing capacity is big, make inconvenient problem.

Non-metal type liquid is forged or is squeezed and cast shape technology, and it is characterized in that adopting following processing step and process conditions: (1) prepares the section bar material: nonmetallic materials that preparation making matrix cavity mould is used or the metal material of preparing local usefulness.(2) prefabricated model: make punch with part 7.1,7.2 shape and size to be formed, design the matrix cavity mould that matches with punch then, use (1) to prepare the section bar material again and produce nonmetal mould 2.1,2.2.(3) baking type: nonmetal mould is dried by the fire type.(4) machine on the group type: with nonmetal mould be loaded on assembled with punch then in the metal framed 2.3 after, be loaded on the former 4.1.(5) cast: the molten metal of part to be formed is poured into a mould in nonmetal mould.(6) be shaped: with the molten metal of pouring into a mould in nonmetal mould former pressure forming, pressurize to crystallization is finished.(7) machine goes out part down: will take off from former with the mould of part, and take out formation of parts.(8) heat treatment: need heat-treat behind the general part forming.

In the above-mentioned technology, the baking type can carry out in baker, 100 °～800 ℃ of baking type temperature.During shaping, its mode of exerting pressure adopts vertical compression to be shaped to be called liquid forging, or adopts direction finding to squeeze and cast shape, then is called extrusion casint, and both pouring temperatures are on the molten metal phase line 50 °～100 ℃.Forming pressure is by material category 10～100Mpa dwell time: be defined as 0.5～2 second/mm wall thickness by workpiece.Former adopts dedicated hydraulic equipment 4.1 to contain shaping oil cylinder 4.1.1, eject oil cylinder 4.1.6, side direction clamping cylinder 4.1.4, the PC control device of turnover die device 4.1.5 and control compacting-pressurize-return process.And be provided with (see figure 4)s such as frame 4.1.2 and moved cross beam 4.1.3.High temperature resistant, the high pressure of brush in cast forward direction nonmetal mould, and thermal insulation, the coating that lubricity is good, its operating temperature surpasses 1700 ℃, does not come off under forming pressure, makes and does not produce sintering between film tool and the metal.

Non-metal type liquid is forged or is squeezed and cast the shape mould, it is characterized in that designing the matrix cavity mould that matches with part 7.1,7.2 to be formed and punch, and the manufacturing of this matrix cavity mould is made by nonmetallic materials or there is metal material the part.These nonmetallic materials are by refractory material, and binding agent and coagulant constitute.The three can use quartz sand, high-alumina refractory cement and calcium oxide respectively.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 process chart of the present invention.

Fig. 2 non-metal type liquid is forged or is squeezed and cast shape mould front view.

Fig. 3 Fig. 2 vertical view.

Dedicated hydraulic equipment 4.1 structure charts of casting are forged, squeezed to Fig. 4, liquid.

One of Fig. 5 formation of parts: aluminum profile extrusion die module.

Fig. 6 Fig. 5 vertical view

Two of Fig. 7 formation of parts: valve body positive view.

Fig. 8 Fig. 7 A is to view

Fig. 9 Fig. 7 B is to view

Embodiment 1: see Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6.

Non-metal type liquid forging forming process of the present invention is as follows: (1) prepares refractory material quartz sand, and the metal material of mold materials or local usefulness is made in binding agent high-alumina refractory cement and the combination of coagulant calcium oxide.(2) make punch with part 7.1 to be formed " aluminium type material extrusion die module " (seeing Fig. 5 .6) shape, size, design then and the section bar material of using above-mentioned (1) to prepare is produced nonmetal mould 2.1 (seeing Fig. 1, Fig. 3).(3) carry out the baking type behind the swabbing before the baking type, temperature is controlled at 100 °～800 ℃ whole process temperatures from low paramount.(4) nonmetal mould 2.1 is put into framed 2.3 (the seeing Fig. 2,3) of combined metal, be loaded on dedicated hydraulic equipment 4.1 (see figure 4)s then with after the punch assembling.(5) with " aluminum profile extrusion die module " molten metal (material H ₁₃) in nonmetal mould, pour into a mould: pouring temperature is 1680 °～1700 ℃.(6) with 4.1 pairs of molten metal pressure formings of dedicated hydraulic equipment, the about 100Mpa of briquetting pressure, dwell time 0.5～1 second/mm wall thickness.(7) mould is taken off, and take out formation of parts 7.1." aluminum profile extrusion die module " part that (8) will be shaped is heat-treated.

The present invention is for implementing above-mentioned forming technology, the non-metal type liquid-state forging die (see figure 3) that adopts has the matrix cavity mould 2.1 that matches with " aluminum profile extrusion die module " part shape, size and punch, and with refractory material quartz sand, binding agent high-alumina refractory cement and coagulant calcium oxide make up or in the part as some metal materials in corner.Do not offer sprue gate 2.4 on the mould, and it is framed 2.3 that the combination metal is housed outside this nonmetal matrix cavity mould, Fig. 3 discipline 2.5 is a part die cavity.

Embodiment 2: see Fig. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9.

Non-metal type extrusion casint forming technology and mould, most of feature is identical with " non-metal type liquid forging process and mould " that embodiment 1 describes, its difference is following two places: 1, part 7.2 to be formed is " valve body " (seeing Fig. 7,8,9), material WCB steel, dimension D N400.2, nonmetal mould is 2.2, is to be used for extrusion casint to be shaped, and has sprue gate 2.4 (see figure 3)s on the mould.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

1. the advantage that has general liquid forming: part crystal grain is thin, tissue tight, three-dimensional machinery Performance difference is little, intensity is high, can approach or reach forging performance. 2. non-metallic film tool technology becomes This is low, molding is fast, with short production cycle, Technological adaptability is strong. 3. make inconvenient with metal pattern Part such as big-and-middle-sized valve body, aluminum profile extrusion die etc., can carry out as required single-piece production. And gold Belonging to mould must have certain batch by part, otherwise can't bear expensive die cost. 4. originally When technology was used for formation of parts " aluminum profile extrusion die module ", from the first type of die cavity, metal was cut It is few to cut processing capacity, has shortened the cycle, improves the part crudy, increases service life. 5. originally Technology is used for formation of parts: its performance of various valve bodies surpasses the casting of common process sand, saves valve body sand Big rising head in the type, stock utilization is brought up to more than 80～90% by former 40～60%. With WCB The valve density that material is made reaches 7.9g/cm³About, surpass the highest 7.85g/ cm of steel stocking density³Standard. Squeezed and cast out valve body and reach 400 bores, weight surpasses 700kg. 6. the present invention is A kind of energy-conservation, material-saving, pollution less, high-quality, high efficiencyly do not have less a NEW CUTTING TECHNOLOGY technology, Its scope of application: alternative normal sands foundry goods, part precision castings, the former technology side of part forging Method, material property reach and near forging performance. Formation of parts can be each of various metal materials Plant valve, various modules and other pieces.

Claims

1, non-metal type liquid is forged or is squeezed and cast shape technology, it is characterized in that adopting following processing step and process conditions:

(1) prepares the section bar material: the nonmetallic materials that preparation making matrix cavity mould is used or the metal material of local usefulness;

(2) prefabricated model: make punch with part to be formed (7.1,7.2) shape and size, design the matrix cavity mould that matches with punch then, use the section bar material for preparing in (1) again, produce nonmetal mould (2.1,2.2);

(3) baking type: with above-mentioned nonmetal mould baking type;

(4) machine on the group type: nonmetal mould is loaded in the metal framed (2.3), is loaded on former (4.1) after having assembled with punch then;

(5) cast: the molten metal of part to be formed is poured into a mould in nonmetal mould;

(6) be shaped: with the molten metal of pouring into a mould in mould former pressure forming, pressurize to crystallization is finished;

(7) machine goes out part down: will unload on the mould slave with part, and take out formation of parts (7.1,7.2).

2, by the described forming technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that the baking type carries out in baker, temperature is 100 °-800 ℃.

3, by the described forming technology of claim 1, the mode of exerting pressure adopts vertical compression to be shaped when it is characterized in that being shaped, or adopts side direction to squeeze and cast shape, and both technological parameters are: pouring temperature is on the molten metal phase line 50 °～100 ℃; Forming pressure: by material category is 10～100Mpa, the dwell time: look workpiece and be defined as 0.5～2 second/mm wall thickness.

4,, it is characterized in that the oil cylinder that former adopts dedicated hydraulic equipment (4.1) to have shaping, head part, side direction to clamp, turnover die device, and the PC control device of control compacting-pressurize-return by claim 1,3 described forming technologies.

5, by the described forming technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that before cast swabbing in nonmetal mould, its operating temperature is above 1700 ℃.

6, non-metal type liquid is forged or is squeezed and cast the shape mould, it is characterized in that the matrix cavity mould that design matches with part to be formed (7.17.2) and punch, and the manufacturing of this matrix chamber film tool is made by nonmetallic materials or there is metal material the part.

7, by the described mould of claim 6, it is characterized in that these nonmetallic materials are constituted by refractory material, binding agent and coagulant.

8, by claim 6,7 described moulds, it is characterized in that used for refractory material quartz sand, binding agent high-alumina refractory cement, coagulant calcium oxide.

9, by the described mould of claim 6, it is characterized in that installing combined metal framed (2.3) outside nonmetal mould (2.1,2.2), be used for nonmetal mould (2.1) that liquid forging is shaped and do not establish to water and press mouthful, be used for nonmetal mould (2.2) that extrusion casint is shaped and establish to water and press mouthful (2.4).