CN109343321A - X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram imaging method - Google Patents
X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109343321A CN109343321A CN201811504340.2A CN201811504340A CN109343321A CN 109343321 A CN109343321 A CN 109343321A CN 201811504340 A CN201811504340 A CN 201811504340A CN 109343321 A CN109343321 A CN 109343321A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0443—Digital holography, i.e. recording holograms with digital recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/08—Synthesising holograms, i.e. holograms synthesized from objects or objects from holograms
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Abstract
A kind of X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram imaging method realizes that the device of beam splitting function is the orthogonal grating being placed in by double wave strap Kepler system, realizes that the device of phase shift function is Greece's ladder array of zone plates.Greece's ladder array of zone plates can produce the radial shear hologram with different phase-shift values, to meet the requirement of Phase Shifting Holographic.The interference pattern of data processing terminal processing CCD acquisition can then restore wavefront to be measured.The present invention is holographic compared to traditional double light path phase-shifted digital, has simpler light channel structure and stronger anti-interference ability, and it is holographic to the phase-shifted digital of terahertz wave band that coherent X-ray may be implemented.The present invention uses single exposure, has faster acquisition speed than multiple exposure digital hologram, can be used for the on-line monitoring to small items.This no lens Phase Shifting Holographic for based on next-generation synchrotron radiation light source biomedical imaging and high-precision wavefront measurement provide effective technological approaches.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the imagings of the Phase Shifting Holographic of coherent states field, specifically based on a kind of novel diffractive optical element-Greece
Ladder zone plate realizes the imaging method of single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram, can be applied to coherent X-ray to terahertz
Hereby wave band.
Background technique
Phase-shifted digital holographic technique has important application in the fields such as wavefront measurement and three-dimensional imaging.1948
D.Gabor is put forward for the first time holographic concept, realizes the complex amplitude recovery to measurement object, but due to zero order light and twin image
Interference, can not obtain clearly restoration result [GaborD.A new microscopic principle [J] .Nature,
1948,161(4098):777–778].1997, the introducing of phase-shifting technique eliminated the interference of zero-order image and twin image, still
This phase-shifted digital holography, which but needs to interfere by coaxial double light path, to be just able to achieve, therefore is easy the interference by extraneous factor
[Yamaguchi I and T.Zhang.Phase-shifting digital holography[J].Opt.Lett.,1997,
22(16):1268-1670].Current phase-shifter is mostly spatial light modulator, piezoelectric ceramics, wave plate etc., but these devices are all main
It applies in optical region.Because the strong absorption of material will lead to refraction failure under X-ray and extreme ultraviolet waveband.Although making
With diffraction optical element, such as grating, it is also able to achieve phase shift, but the light intensity difference that each level generates is excessive, will lead to interference pattern
Contrast decline.Extreme ultraviolet may be implemented to grenz ray wave as a kind of novel diffraction optical element in Greece's ladder zone plate
The cubical array focus of section, phase-shifted digital holography [the Zhang J.Three-dimensional array that can be used under shortwave
diffraction-limited foci from Greek ladders to generalized Fibonacci
sequences[J].Opt.Express,2015,23(23):30308-30317]。
Greece's ladder array of zone plates with phase shift function that we have proposed a kind of, and one kind is proposed on this basis
Single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram imaging method can realize that X-ray arrives terahertz wave band under coherent source
Coaxial monochromatic light road Phase Shifting Holographic.This novel Phase Shifting Holographic technology is compared with traditional multiple exposure double light path holography, optical path
Structure is simpler, and anti-interference ability is stronger, and acquisition speed faster, is examined suitable for the wavefront under the conditions of illumination of coherent light source
Survey and three-dimensional imaging, and effective technological approaches is provided for the biomedical imaging under next-generation synchrotron radiation light source.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the invention is to provide a kind of coaxial monochromatic light road phase shift for being able to achieve single exposure complete
Breath technology, the quick holographic for realizing X-ray to terahertz wave band under coherent states field are imaged.The digital hologram method is exposed with single
Several Phase Shifting Holographic figures of optical recording.In addition to this, available space optical modulator is gone back instead of Greece's ladder zone plate battle array in optics section
Column carry out Phase Shifting Holographic record.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram imaging side based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Method, it is characterized in that, method includes the following steps:
Step 1) designs a kind of Greece's ladder array of zone plates with 2 × 2 distributions, wherein each Greece's ladder zone plate
The diffraction limited focus of two equal strength distribution can be generated on axis, may make up 4 between four Greece's ladder zone plates
Constant phase shift value is to meet the requirement of Phase Shifting Holographic；
Step 1.1) design can generate the bifocal standard Greece ladder wave of diffraction limited of equal strength distribution on axis
Strap, and the phase value in the focal plane Airy of front and back is different；
Step 1.2) is solved to obtain the other three energy in fact with global optimization approach on the basis of standard Greece ladder zone plate
Now design the zone plate structural parameters of phase-shift value；
Phase-shift value, focal length and the radius size of four Greece's ladder zone plates of the above-mentioned design of step 2), construct a kind of base
In the single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram optical path Numerical Simulation Program of Fresnel Diffraction Integral, specifically: by X-ray
Source is sequentially placed object under test, zone plate 1, orthogonal grating, zone plate as lighting source, along x-ray source output light direction
2, Greece's ladder array of zone plates obtains the phase shift interference being calculated at a certain distance from after Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Figure, is overlapped phase shifting interference by formula (1) and inversely transmits, and can be obtained the holographic restoration result of simulation.By upper
Numerical simulation is stated, determines the optimal value of the optical path key parameter, specifically includes the focal length of zone plate 1,2, the structure of orthogonal grating
The spacing, interferogram sampling plane of adjacent Greece's ladder zone plate are uncommon from 2 × 2 in parameter, 2 × 2 Greece's ladder array of zone plates
The distance of cured ladder array of zone plates.
The optical path key parameter that step 3) is obtained according to above-mentioned steps constructs and processes actual 2 × 2 Greece ladder wavestrip
Chip arrays；Practical optical path described in above-mentioned steps is constructed, photoelectric coupling detector C CD is placed in 2 × 2 Greece's ladder wavestrips
After chip arrays, the spacing of the two is above-mentioned interference figure acquisition plane with a distance from 2 × 2 Greece's ladder array of zone plates.The photoelectricity
Coupled detector CCD is connected with data processing terminal, is handled by data processing terminal 4 width interference patterns and obtains wave to be measured
Preceding restoration result.
The present invention is using Greece's ladder array of zone plates as phase-shifter, and orthogonal grating is as beam splitter, a pair of of zone plate
Constitute Kepler system, be it is a kind of can work under shortwave without lens Phase Shifting Holographic；With more stable coaxial monochromatic light road,
And lateral shear interferograms are obtained using single exposure to restore to Object light wave, it is applied to real time imagery；The orthogonal grating
It is placed in the Kepler system being made of a pair of of zone plate, incident light wave is beamed into 4 identical corrugateds；Described
Greece's ladder array of zone plates is made of four Greece's ladder zone plates, and each Greece's ladder zone plate can generate on optical axis
Two focuses, and the constant phase value more advanced than front focal plane of the phase in back focal plane Airy.In order to meet four-step phase-shifting interference
It is required that four Greece's ladder zone plates have different phase-shift values, respectively θ1, θ2, θ3, θ4, but one group having the same is burnt
Away from.The position for omiting defocus before Greece's ladder array of zone plates back focal plane with photoelectric coupling detector C CD is recorded with single exposure
After interference pattern corresponding to lower difference phase-shift value, then it can restore the complex amplitude of determinand by following formula:
In formula, IjIt is phase-shift value θjCorresponding hologram, j be phase shifting interference phase shift order, respectively 1,2,3,4.
Complex amplitude R (θ 1) is corresponding to phase-shift value θ1Reference wave.Wherein constant item has been ignored.
Single exposure phase shift shearing holographic light path includes X-ray source, measurement object, zone plate 1, zone plate 2, just
Hand over grating, Greece's ladder array of zone plates, photoelectric coupling detector C CD and data processing terminal；
Further, the X-ray source generation wavelength is the X-ray of 2.8nm, is placed in the front end of holographic light path；
Further, after coherent X-ray light source irradiates transparent substance to be measured, the wavefront information of determinand is carried after resuming
It is defeated, into Kepler system.The Kepler system is made of two zone plates, and in the common focal plane of the two zone plates
It to be 2 × 2 identical wavefront by incident light beam splitting that an orthogonal grating is placed at place；
Further, after Greece's ladder array of zone plates is placed in the image planes of Kepler system, and have one between the two
Set a distance, for generating phase shifting interference；
Further, the photoelectric coupling detector C CD is placed near any focal plane of Greece's ladder array of zone plates,
The position for adjusting photoelectric coupling detector C CD is allowed to be offset slightly from rear image planes, for recording the interference pattern with different phase shifts；
Further, the data processing terminal is used to record, show and handle the detection knot of photoelectric coupling detector C CD
Fruit；
Further, four width phase shifting interferences are extracted from the image that photoelectric coupling detector C CD is acquired.With formula (1)
Phase shift superposition is carried out to extracted four width phase shifting interference, and carries out reverse transmission to obtain the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE at object plane.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the phase shift radial shear digital hologram optical path is monochromatic light line structure, compared to traditional coaxial double light path phase
Digital hologram is moved, structure is more simple and compact, more insensitive to external disturbance.
2, the phase shift radial shear digital hologram uses single exposure, compared to traditional multiple exposure phase-shifted digital
Holography has faster acquisition speed and stronger to stability, thus can be used for fast imaging and to active somatic cell or its
The online observation of allogene tissue.
3, the single exposure radial shear digital hologram optical path can realize X-ray to Terahertz under coherent source
The Phase Shifting Holographic of wave band is imaged, thus may be used on the high-resolution biomedical imaging under next-generation synchrotron radiation light source and
High-precision wavefront measurement and three-dimensional imaging.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear digital holograms of Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Schematic illustration；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of Greece's ladder array of zone plates of the present invention, the phase ratio in each zone plate back focal plane
The phase of front focal plane proposes previous fixed skew respectively to realize 4 step phase shifts.Wherein Greece's ladder zone plate (1) has phase
Shifting value π, Greece's ladder zone plate (2) have 3 pi/2 of phase-shift value, and Greece's ladder zone plate (3) has phase-shift value pi/2, Greece's ladder
Zone plate (4) has phase-shift value 0.
Fig. 3 is the collected single width Phase Shifting Holographic figure of CCD camera in optical path of the present invention, has different phases including four width
The interference pattern of shifting value is respectively provided with the phase-shift value of 0, pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is based on the X-ray phase shift radial shear digital holograms of Greece's ladder array of zone plates to pure phase position
The simulation restoration result of object.Wherein (a) is tested phase object, is (b) restoration result to (a).
Specific embodiment
The following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention provides a kind of grenz ray single exposure phase based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Move shearing holography.Amplitude type diffraction lens-Greece's ladder zone plate can generate two and wait by force under the illumination of monochromatic parallel wave
Focus on the axis of distribution is spent, and bifocal has different phase values in respective Airy, to constitute a constant phase
Potential difference.For Greece's ladder array of zone plates, wherein the phase difference of each Greece's ladder zone plate is different, to draw
Enter tool 0, the phase shift of pi/2, π, 3 pi/2s can be realized in X-ray to terahertz wave band to phase shift interference requirement.
X-ray wave band of the diffraction type device Greece ladder array of zone plates specific works in 2.8nm wavelength.Its totality
Design process is first to design a standard Greece ladder zone plate, using it as reference, solves to obtain by global optimization approach
The other three has Greece's ladder zone plate of extra phase shift value.The diameter of standard Greece ladder zone plate is 60 μm, focal length point
It Wei not 3.5mm and 6mm.The phase value of Airy is advanced by constant phase difference than front focal plane in its back focal plane, is set as the constant phase
Potential difference is reference value 0.Then it is advanced optimized by global optimization approach and obtains the other three Greece ladder zone plate, more specifically
Ground, the phase in the front focal plane Airy of each zone plate to be solved remain unchanged, and in back focal plane Airy phase be can
Variable can search for Greece's ladder zone plate structural parameters closest to design phase-shift value with global optimization approach.It is final to obtain
Greece's ladder array of zone plates structural schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 2, four Greece's ladder zone plates be respectively provided with 0, pi/2, π and
For two corrugateds obtained by single Greece's ladder zone plate beam splitting, they can be detected the phase-shift value of 3 pi/2s in photoelectric coupling
Interference is superimposed on the record target surface of device, to form a width radial shear interference figure.Wherein, the corrugated with small radius of curvature claims
For reference wave, and the corrugated with larger radius of curvature is known as object wave, i.e. probing wave, and has different phase-shift values.And so on,
Four Greece's ladder zone plates in Greece's ladder array of zone plates can produce on the record target surface of photoelectric coupling detector C CD
Raw four width have the interference pattern of different phase-shift values.The four width interference patterns extracted are overlapped and can be solved by formula (1)
Object complex amplitude.
Principle such as Fig. 1 institute of X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear holography based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Show.Single exposure phase shift radial shear holographic light path includes that wavelength is the X-ray source of 2.8nm, zone plate, input object, just
Hand over grating, Greece's ladder array of zone plates, photoelectric coupling detector C CD and data processing terminal；
X-ray source 1 generates the coherent light of 2.8nm, is placed in the front end of holographic light path, using as single exposure phase shift diameter
To the light source of shearing holographic light path；
After X-ray source illuminates object 2, what incident light wave was made of into one zone plate 1 (3) and zone plate 2 (5)
Kepler system.An orthogonal grating 4 is placed at the common focal plane of the two zone plates, which can be by incident light
Wavelength-division beam is 2 × 2 identical light waves；
After Kepler system place Greece's ladder array of zone plates 6, then four identical light waves respectively by
Greece's ladder zone plate corresponding to it is divided into the almost equal but different curvature corrugated of two intensity.Specifically, Mei Gexi
Incidence wave is divided into two different spherical waves of radius of curvature by cured ladder zone plate.
Corrugated with small radius of curvature is reference wave, and the corrugated with larger radius of curvature is object wave, i.e. probing wave, and
And there are different phase-shift values.Since two corrugateds all carry the wavefront information of measurand, when system parameter changes, reference
The state of wave and object wave can exchange.
Photoelectric coupling detector C CD7 is placed at 6 rear 6.2mm of Greece's ladder array of zone plates, passes through single
Exposure just can record the radial shear interference pattern that four width have different phase-shift values.
Four width interference patterns are extracted from the image that CCD is acquired, this four width interference pattern are overlapped by formula (1), i.e.,
Object complex amplitude can be solved.
The content that the present invention does not illustrate is the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Above-described specific implementation example has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Detailed description.It should be understood that above-described is only specific implementation case of the invention, it is not limited to this
Invention.Any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement for being made all within the spirits and principles of the present invention etc. should be included in this
Within the protection scope of invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram imaging method based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates,
It is characterized in that, method includes the following steps:
Step 1) designs a kind of Greece's ladder array of zone plates with 2 × 2 distributions, wherein each Greece's ladder zone plate can
Enough diffraction limited focuses that the distribution of two equal strength is generated on axis, may make up between four Greece's ladder zone plates 4 it is constant
Phase-shift value is to meet the requirement of Phase Shifting Holographic；
Step 2) constructs a kind of single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram optical path.
2. the X-ray single phase-shift radial shear number according to claim 1 based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates is complete
Breath imaging, it is characterised in that: the design of step 1) the Greece ladder array of zone plates specifically includes:
Step 1.1) design can generate the bifocal standard Greece ladder zone plate of diffraction limited of equal strength distribution on axis,
And the phase value in the focal plane Airy of front and back is different；
Step 1.2) is solved to obtain the other three to be able to achieve and is set on the basis of standard Greece ladder zone plate with global optimization approach
Count the zone plate structural parameters of phase-shift value；
Step 1.3) by the phase-shift value of four Greece's ladder zone plates of the above-mentioned design of above-mentioned Greece's ladder zone plate, focal length and
Radius size constructs a kind of single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram optical path numerical simulation based on Fresnel Diffraction Integral
Program, specifically: by x-ray source as lighting source, being sequentially placed object under test, wavestrip along x-ray source output light direction
Piece 1, orthogonal grating, zone plate 2, Greece's ladder array of zone plates, obtain at a certain distance from after Greece's ladder array of zone plates
The phase shifting interference being calculated is overlapped phase shifting interference by formula (1) and inversely transmits, and it is complete to can be obtained simulation
Cease restoration result.By above-mentioned numerical simulation, the optimal value of the optical path key parameter is determined, specifically include the coke of zone plate 1,2
Away from the spacing of adjacent Greece's ladder zone plate, interference pattern in the structural parameters of orthogonal grating, 2 × 2 Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Acquisition plane is with a distance from Greece's ladder array of zone plates.
The optical path key parameter that step 1.4) is obtained according to above-mentioned steps constructs and processes actual 2 × 2 Greece ladder zone plate
Array；Practical optical path described in above-mentioned steps is constructed, photoelectric coupling detector C CD is placed in 2 × 2 Greece's ladder zone plates
After array, the spacing of the two is the interferogram sampling plane of above-mentioned simulation acquisition with a distance from Greece's ladder array of zone plates.It should
Photoelectric coupling detector C CD is connected with data processing terminal, 4 width interference patterns are handled by data processing terminal and obtain to
Survey the restoration result of wavefront.
3. digital hologram is sheared in the X-ray single radial direction phase shift according to claim 1 or 2 based on Greece's ladder zone plate
Imaging, it is characterised in that: the step 2) constructs single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram optical path Phase Shifting Holographic optical path,
Specifically: by x-ray source as lighting source, being sequentially placed object under test (2), wavestrip along the x-ray source (1) output light direction
Piece 1 (3), orthogonal grating (4), zone plate 2 (5), Greece's ladder array of zone plates (6) and photoelectric coupling detector C CD (7), should
Photoelectric coupling detector C CD (7) is connected with data processing terminal, and 4 width interference patterns are handled and obtained by data processing terminal
Obtain the restoration result of wavefront to be measured.
4. the single exposure phase shift radial shear digital hologram according to claim 3 based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Imaging method, it is characterised in that: the x-ray source generates the X-ray of 2.8nm, is placed in the front end of zoom optical path；Use X-ray
Light source illumination input object, which is pure-phase object.
5. the X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear number according to claim 3 based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Word holographic imaging method, which is characterized in that the orthogonal grating is placed in the public coke for constituting two zone plates of Kepler system
Plane generates 2 × 2 and the identical light wave of incident light wave for being split to incident light after Kepler system.
6. the X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear number according to claim 3 based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Word holographic imaging method, which is characterized in that after Greece's ladder array of zone plates is placed in Kepler system image planes, for defeated
Four light waves entered carry out radial shear interference respectively and to introduce out of phase poor.
7. the X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear number according to claim 3 based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Word holographic imaging method, which is characterized in that after the photoelectric coupling detector C CD is placed in Greece's ladder array of zone plates, adjust
The back focal plane that the position of photoelectric coupling detector C CD is placed in Greece's ladder array of zone plates deviates focal plane slightly around, uses
Phase shift lateral shear interferograms are acquired in detection.
8. the X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear number according to claim 3 based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Word holographic imaging method, which is characterized in that the data processing terminal connects photoelectric coupling detector C CD, and from photoelectric coupling
Four width phase shifting interferences are extracted in detector C CD picture collected, are overlapped by formula (1), are restored answering for measured object
Amplitude information,
In formula, IjIt is phase-shift value θjCorresponding holography, j are the phase shift order of phase shifting interference, complex amplitude R (θ1) be corresponding to
Phase-shift value θ1Reference wave.
9. the X-ray single exposure phase shift radial shear number according to claim 3 based on Greece's ladder array of zone plates
Word holographic imaging, which is characterized in that Greece's ladder array of zone plates is a kind of diffractive optical element, is had by four
Greece's ladder zone plate of different phase-shift values forms, and realizes that the phase-shifted digital under coherent source from X-ray to terahertz wave band is complete
Breath imaging and Wave-front measurement.
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| CN111189859A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-22 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | X-ray single exposure imaging device and method based on curvature sensing technology |
| CN111736442A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-02 | 北京理工大学 | Method for generating hologram based on single exposure of isotropic bifocal metamaterial lens |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110455834A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-15 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | X-ray single exposure imaging device and method based on light intensity transmission equation |
| CN110455834B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2021-11-05 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | X-ray single exposure imaging device and method based on light intensity transmission equation |
| CN111189859A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-22 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | X-ray single exposure imaging device and method based on curvature sensing technology |
| CN111736442A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-02 | 北京理工大学 | Method for generating hologram based on single exposure of isotropic bifocal metamaterial lens |
| CN111736442B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-05-25 | 北京理工大学 | Method for generating hologram based on single exposure of isotropic bifocal metamaterial lens |
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