CN109342026B - Method for detecting angular resolution of soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope. The method for detecting the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope indirectly detects the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope through the set detection light path and the set calculation method, and has the advantages of low detection difficulty coefficient and improvement on the development efficiency of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soft X-ray grazing incidence telescopes, in particular to a method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope.
Background
The soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope is an important instrument for space weather forecast. In order to ensure that the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope can obtain clear observation images when in orbit, the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope must carry out angular resolution detection on the ground before launching and lifting. At present, the angular resolution detection of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope is carried out in the working waveband. This method requires the construction of a large detection device and the detection method needs to be performed in vacuum, which greatly increases the difficulty and cost of detection of the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope.
Therefore, aiming at the problems of high difficulty and high cost of the existing angular resolution detection method of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope, the embodiment of the invention provides an indirect but rapid detection method of the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high difficulty and high cost of the existing angular resolution detection method of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope, the embodiment of the invention provides a detection method of the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope. The detection method indirectly detects the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope through the set detection light path and the calculation method, and has the advantages of low detection difficulty coefficient and improvement on the development efficiency of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope.
The specific scheme of the method for detecting the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: a method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope comprises the following steps: step S1: based on the angular resolution detection optical path system of the visible light wave band, imaging detection is carried out on the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope, and a resolution test target image of the visible light wave band is obtained; step S2: obtaining a diffraction point diffusion function for calculating the diffraction point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a visible light wave band and a working wave band according to a diffraction optical principle, and removing an aperture diffraction effect from a resolution test target image of the visible light wave band by adopting an image restoration method to obtain a geometric image of the resolution test target; step S3: measuring the surface power spectral density of a grazing incidence reflector of the telescope by adopting a surface profiler, and calculating and obtaining a scattering point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a working waveband based on the surface power spectral density and a surface scattering theory; step S4: carrying out convolution operation on the geometric image of the resolution test target, the diffraction point diffusion function of the working waveband and the scattering point diffusion function of the working waveband to obtain a resolution test target image of the working waveband; step S5: and testing the target image according to the resolution of the working waveband to obtain line pairs capable of mutually resolving, and calculating according to the line pairs to obtain the angular resolution of the working waveband.
Preferably, the optical path system for detecting angular resolution of the visible light band includes: a light source; the lens is arranged in front of the light source and used for focusing the light emitted by the light source; ground glass arranged in front of the lens for making the light beam transmitted through the lens uniform; the narrow-band filter is arranged in front of the ground glass and is used for filtering the light beams penetrating through the ground glass to obtain quasi-monochromatic light; the resolution test target is arranged in front of the narrow-band filter, is illuminated by the light beam penetrating through the narrow-band filter and is used for detecting the resolution of a visible light wave band; a collimator for receiving the light beam transmitted from the resolution test target and collimating the light beam; the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope angle is arranged in front of the collimator and used for receiving the light beam emitted from the collimator and converging the light beam; and the CCD detector is arranged in front of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope and is used for receiving the light beams emitted from the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope and forming a resolution test target image of a visible light waveband.
Preferably, the focal length of the collimator is 3.75 mm, the caliber is 250 mm, and the divergence angle of emergent light is less than 2 ″.
Preferably, the resolution test target employs a resolution test target of three targets.
Preferably, the CCD detector has a pixel size of 6.5 μm and a number of pixels of 576 × 720.
Preferably, the light source is a tungsten lamp.
Preferably, the image restoration method in step S2 is to perform multiple iterations of deconvolution operations on the resolution test target image in the visible light band and the diffraction point spread function in the visible light band.
Preferably, the specific number of iterations is determined by a mean square error discrimination method.
Preferably, the mean square error calculation is performed on the result of the deconvolution operation of the resolution test target image of the visible light band and the diffraction point spread function of the visible light band, and the iteration number when the mean square error is kept unchanged is the final iteration number.
Preferably, the specific process of step S3 includes: measuring the surface power spectral density of the reflector by using a surface profiler, wherein the surface power spectral density comprises a medium-low frequency component and a high-frequency component; fitting the surface power spectral density by adopting a Gaussian function, the sum of two Lorentzian functions and a K correlation function to obtain an expression of the surface power spectral density; carrying out Fourier transform on the expression of the surface power spectral density to obtain a surface autocovariance function of the reflector; calculating by using a surface scattering theory according to the surface autocovariance function of the reflector to obtain a bidirectional reflection distribution function of the reflector; and establishing a scattering model of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in Zemax according to the bidirectional reflection distribution function of the reflector, and obtaining a scattering point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a working waveband through non-sequential ray tracing.
According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope. The method for detecting the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope indirectly detects the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope through the set detection light path and the set calculation method, and has the advantages of low detection difficulty coefficient and improvement on the development efficiency of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical path system for detecting angular resolution in the visible light band according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another simplified schematic diagram of the process flow of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
The description is marked in the drawings:
100. angular resolution detection optical path system 10 for visible light band, and light source
20. Lens 30, ground glass 40, optical filter
50. Resolution test target 60, collimator 80 and CCD detector
70. Soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting an angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. In this embodiment, the method for detecting the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope comprises five steps, which are described in the following.
Step S1: and (3) carrying out imaging detection on the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope based on the angular resolution detection light path system of the visible light wave band to obtain a resolution test target image of the visible light wave band. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical path system for detecting angular resolution in a visible light band according to an embodiment of the present invention. The angular resolution detection optical path system 100 for the visible light band includes: a light source 10, a lens 20 disposed in front of the light source 10 for focusing the light emitted from the light source 10, a ground glass 30 disposed in front of the lens 20 for homogenizing the light beam transmitted through the lens 20, a narrow band filter 40 disposed in front of the ground glass 30 for filtering the light beam transmitted through the ground glass 30 to obtain quasi-monochromatic light, a resolution test target 50 disposed in front of the narrow band filter 40 and illuminated by the light beam transmitted through the narrow band filter 40 for detecting the resolution of the visible light band, a collimator 60 for receiving the light beam transmitted through the resolution test target 50 and collimating the light beam, a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope 70 disposed in front of the collimator 60 for receiving the light beam emitted from the collimator 60 and converging the light beam, a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope 70 disposed in front of the soft X-ray incidence telescope 70 for receiving the light beam emitted from the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope 70 and forming the visible light The resolution of the optical band is used to test the CCD detector 80 of the target image.
Light emitted by the light source 10 is focused by the lens 20, becomes uniform quasi-monochromatic light after passing through the ground glass 30 and the narrow-band filter 40, then irradiates the resolution test target 50, is projected to infinity by the collimator 60, and is converged to the CCD detector 80 on the image plane by the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope 70 to form a resolution test target image of a visible light wave band.
In this embodiment, the collimator 60 has a focal length of 3.75 mm, a bore diameter of 250 mm, and a divergence angle of the exiting light of less than 2 ". Resolution test target 50 employs a three-target resolution test target, specifically the USAF1951F model resolution test target. The CCD detector 80 has a pixel size of 6.5 μm and a number of pixels of 576 × 720. The light source 10 is a tungsten lamp. The center wavelength of the narrowband filter 40 is 570 nm.
Step S2: obtaining a diffraction point diffusion function for calculating the diffraction point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a visible light wave band and a working wave band according to a diffraction optical principle, and removing an aperture diffraction effect from a resolution test target image of the visible light wave band by adopting an image restoration method to obtain a geometric image of the resolution test target. In this embodiment, the image restoration method is to perform multiple iterations of deconvolution operation on the resolution test target image in the visible light band and the diffraction point spread function in the visible light band. The specific times of multiple iterations are determined by adopting a mean square error discrimination method, and the specific process is as follows: and calculating the mean square error of the deconvolution operation result of the resolution test target image of the visible light wave band and the diffraction point diffusion function of the visible light wave band and the resolution test target image of the visible light wave band, wherein the iteration times when the mean square error is kept unchanged are the final iteration times.
Described in simplified terms as: and performing deconvolution on the k-th iteration result and the diffraction point diffusion function of the visible light wave band, comparing the deconvolution result with the resolution test target image, stopping iteration when the mean square error of the two is not changed any more, wherein the specific k value is the iteration frequency. In this context, the operating band is meant to be the X-ray band.
Step S3: and measuring the surface power spectral density of the grazing incidence reflector of the telescope by adopting a surface profiler, and calculating and obtaining a scattering point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in an operating waveband based on the surface power spectral density and a surface scattering theory. The step S3 includes five substeps, and the specific process is as follows.
Step S31: and measuring the surface power spectral density of the reflector by using a surface profiler, wherein the surface power spectral density comprises a medium-low frequency component and a high-frequency component. Namely, the combination of the medium-low frequency component and the high-frequency component is the surface power spectral density of the reflector.
Step S32: and fitting the surface power spectral density by adopting a Gaussian function, the sum of two Lorentzian functions and a K correlation function to obtain an expression of the surface power spectral density.
Step S33: and carrying out Fourier transform on the expression of the surface power spectral density to obtain a surface autocovariance function of the reflector.
Step S34: and calculating by utilizing a surface scattering theory to obtain a bidirectional reflection distribution function of the reflector according to the surface autocovariance function of the reflector.
Step S35: and establishing a scattering model of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in Zemax according to the bidirectional reflection distribution function of the reflector, and obtaining a scattering point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a working waveband through non-sequential ray tracing.
Step S4: and carrying out convolution operation on the geometric image of the resolution test target, the diffraction point diffusion function of the working waveband and the scattering point diffusion function of the working waveband to obtain a resolution test target image of the working waveband.
Step S5: and testing the target image according to the resolution of the working waveband to obtain line pairs capable of mutually resolving, and calculating according to the line pairs to obtain the angular resolution of the working waveband. The line pairs that can be resolved from each other may be just the line pairs that can be resolved.
The method for detecting the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope provided by the embodiment of the invention indirectly detects the angular resolution of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope through the set detection light path and the set calculation method, and has the advantages of low detection difficulty coefficient and improvement on the development efficiency of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope.
FIG. 3 is another simplified schematic diagram of the process flow of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. According to fig. 3, deconvolution operation is performed on the resolution test target image of the visible light band and the aperture diffraction point spread function of the visible light band to remove the diffraction effect in the resolution test target image of the visible light band, so as to obtain a geometric image of the resolution test target; convolving the geometric image of the resolution test target with a scattering point diffusion function of an X-ray wave band (namely a working wave band) and an aperture diffraction point diffusion function of the X-ray wave band (namely the working wave band) to further obtain a resolution test target image of the X-ray wave band (namely the working wave band); finally, the angular resolution of the X-ray wave band (namely the working wave band) is obtained through calculation according to the resolution test target image of the X-ray wave band (namely the working wave band). In fig. 3, the aperture diffraction point spread function of the visible light band is represented by a block of the aperture diffraction effect (visible light band), and the aperture diffraction point spread function of the X-ray band is represented by a block of the aperture diffraction effect (X-ray band).
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope, the method comprising:
step S1: based on the angular resolution detection optical path system of the visible light wave band, imaging detection is carried out on the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope, and a resolution test target image of the visible light wave band is obtained;
step S2: obtaining a diffraction point diffusion function for calculating the diffraction point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a visible light wave band and a working wave band according to a diffraction optical principle, and removing an aperture diffraction effect from a resolution test target image of the visible light wave band by adopting an image restoration method to obtain a geometric image of the resolution test target; the image restoration method comprises the steps of carrying out multiple iterative deconvolution operation on the resolution test target image of the visible light wave band and the diffraction point spread function of the visible light wave band;
step S3: measuring the surface power spectral density of a grazing incidence reflector of the telescope by adopting a surface profiler, and calculating and obtaining a scattering point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a working waveband based on the surface power spectral density and a surface scattering theory; the specific process of step S3 includes:
measuring the surface power spectral density of the reflector by using a surface profiler, wherein the surface power spectral density comprises a medium-low frequency component and a high-frequency component;
fitting the surface power spectral density by adopting a Gaussian function, the sum of two Lorentzian functions and a K correlation function to obtain an expression of the surface power spectral density;
carrying out Fourier transform on the expression of the surface power spectral density to obtain a surface autocovariance function of the reflector;
calculating by using a surface scattering theory according to the surface autocovariance function of the reflector to obtain a bidirectional reflection distribution function of the reflector;
according to the bidirectional reflection distribution function of the reflector, a scattering model of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope is established in Zemax, and a scattering point diffusion function of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope in a working waveband is obtained through non-sequence ray tracing;
step S4: carrying out convolution operation on the geometric image of the resolution test target, the diffraction point diffusion function of the working waveband and the scattering point diffusion function of the working waveband to obtain a resolution test target image of the working waveband;
step S5: and testing the target image according to the resolution of the working waveband to obtain line pairs capable of mutually resolving, and calculating according to the line pairs to obtain the angular resolution of the working waveband.
2. The method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope according to claim 1, wherein the angular resolution detection optical path system for the visible light band comprises:
a light source;
the lens is arranged in front of the light source and used for focusing the light emitted by the light source;
ground glass arranged in front of the lens for making the light beam transmitted through the lens uniform;
the narrow-band filter is arranged in front of the ground glass and is used for filtering the light beams penetrating through the ground glass to obtain quasi-monochromatic light;
the resolution test target is arranged in front of the narrow-band filter, is illuminated by the light beam penetrating through the narrow-band filter and is used for detecting the resolution of a visible light wave band;
a collimator for receiving the light beam transmitted through the resolution test target and collimating the light beam;
the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope is arranged in front of the collimator and is used for receiving the light beam emitted from the collimator and converging the light beam;
and the CCD detector is arranged in front of the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope and is used for receiving the light beams emitted from the soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope and forming a resolution test target image of a visible light wave band.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the collimator has a focal length of 3.75 mm, a bore diameter of 250 mm, and an exit divergence angle of less than 2 ".
4. The method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope of claim 2, wherein the resolution test target is a three-target resolution test target.
5. The method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope according to claim 2, wherein the CCD detector has a pixel size of 6.5 μm and a number of pixels of 576X 720.
6. The method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light source is a tungsten lamp.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific number of iterations is determined by a mean square error discriminant.
8. The method for detecting the angular resolution of a soft X-ray grazing incidence telescope according to claim 7, wherein the mean square error calculation is performed on the deconvolution operation result of the diffraction point spread function of the visible light band and the resolution test target image of the visible light band, and the number of iterations is the final number of iterations when the mean square error is kept constant.
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