CN109341931A - A kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing and test method - Google Patents
A kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing and test method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109341931A CN109341931A CN201811024595.9A CN201811024595A CN109341931A CN 109341931 A CN109341931 A CN 109341931A CN 201811024595 A CN201811024595 A CN 201811024595A CN 109341931 A CN109341931 A CN 109341931A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- hydrostatic pressure
- water
- bearing
- bearing body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L7/00—Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements
- G01L7/02—Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges
- G01L7/024—Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges with mechanical transmitting or indicating means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/12—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of liquids or gases
Landscapes
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing and test method, device includes water storage device, control mechanism, levelling device, pressure-bearing device and measurement transmission device.Water storage device is whole for supporting arrangement and temporarily stores up experimental water；Control mechanism is used to control the water stored in support and flows between cabinet and support；Levelling device is in horizontality for cabinet to be arranged；Pressure-bearing device is used to convert hydrostatic pressure to the rotating torque of pressure-bearing body；Measurement transmission device is used to convert the rotating torque of pressure-bearing device to the deformation of torsionspring, obtains its torque by the deformation of torsionspring, and then obtain the numerical value of hydrostatic pressure, thus obtains the quantitative relationship of hydrostatic pressure and the depth of water.The configuration of the present invention is simple, clear principle, Technology design through the invention may further determine that acting by external hydrostatic pressure point, it can be achieved that the precise measurement of hydrostatic pressure, show the rule of different water depth hydrostatic pressure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydraulic experiment instruments used for education and its test methods, more particularly to a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure
Experimental apparatus for testing and test method.
Background technique
Existing hydrostatic pressure demonstrating experiment device measurement is coarse, has a single function, mainly by water tank and lever force measuring machine
Composition, principle is: under hydrostatic pressure effect, pressure-bearing body deflects, and the lever being attached thereto is pushed to rotate, steady to system
After fixed, apply the counterweight of certain mass in lever one end, the measurement of standing level pressure is carried out according to lever balance theory.
However, due to lever self weight and counterweight precision be difficult to control, there are large errors for judgement of the human eye to system balancing
Etc. systems or enchancement factor, the standing level pressure and theoretical value error that existing apparatus measures it is larger.Existing system is investigated, it is intrinsic
Error is inevitable with operating error.In conclusion existing apparatus can only generally accomplish the rough measurement to hydrostatic pressure, and survey
Determine that process is not intuitive, principle is unobvious.
In addition to this, existing hydrostatic pressure experimental provision can not embody the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and the depth of water.In waterpower
It learns, during Hydrodynamics in Teaching, hydrostatic pressure is a more abstract concept, and hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to the depth of water, ratio
Coefficient is the product that water density and gravity accelerate.Such as: original device can only measure simple force value, for the first contacts experiment
Student for, experimental principle and physical relation are abstract, cause it not deep to the understanding of hydrostatic pressure, are hydraulics, fluid force
It learns experimental teaching and brings certain interference.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing and survey are provided
Method for testing.
Technical solution: a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing, including water storage device, control mechanism, leveling dress
Set, pressure-bearing device and measurement transmission device, in which:
Water storage device, including support and water-storing tank, support inside is hollow structure, for storing experimental water, water storage
Water tank includes cabinet, water inlet and water outlet, and cabinet is set to above support, and water inlet and water outlet are set to the bottom of box；
Control mechanism flows between cabinet and support for controlling the water stored in support；
Levelling device is in horizontality for cabinet to be arranged；
Pressure-bearing device, for converting hydrostatic pressure to the rotating torque of pressure-bearing body；
Transmission device is measured, for converting the rotating torque of pressure-bearing device to the deformation of torsionspring, by reversing bullet
The deformation of spring obtains its torque, and then obtains the quantitative relationship of hydrostatic pressure and the depth of water, thus obtains the numerical value of hydrostatic pressure.
Preferably, the control mechanism includes small-sized pump machine and two way valve, two way valve by hose respectively with enter water
Mouth is connected with water outlet, and the water stored in small-sized pump machine control support enters cabinet by two way valve and water inlet, or controls
The intracorporal water of case is entered in support by two way valve and water outlet.
Preferably, levelling device includes level and leveling serew, and there are three leveling serews, cabinet is fixed on branch
On seat, leveling serew lower end is fixed on the support, and upper end is connect with cabinet lower plate, and one end of box baseplate is extended one and put down
Platform is provided with level, sighting-level and the height for adjusting leveling serew on the platform, is in a horizontal position cabinet.
Preferably, pressure-bearing device includes the first pressure-bearing body, the second pressure-bearing body and third pressure-bearing body；Each pressure-bearing body is coaxial to be set
It sets, is the different lightweight a quarter annular structure of radius size, the side of each pressure-bearing body is provided with cylindrical nose bar, point
Not Wei the first nose bar, the second nose bar and third nose bar, and third nose bar, the second nose bar and the first nose bar rectangle under pressure-bearing body
The distance on surface is sequentially increased；Each pressure-bearing body is carved with scale away from the side of nose bar, and nose bar passes through cake and measurement transmission device
Connection.
Preferably, measurement transmission device include slideway, driving wire, instrument support, central axis, three shaft couplings hold, measuring instrumentss,
Wherein,
Slideway is set to cabinet far from the card that on the plate near the inner wall of small-sized pump machine side, which passes through the bottom of box
Slot is fixed, the slideway include the first slideway, the second slideway and third slideway, three slideways respectively with three on three pressure-bearing bodies
A cylinder nose bar cooperates and is connected by cake, and cylindrical nose bar can be moved along slideway, and each slideway allows Correspondent cy linder
Shape nose bar motion range is different；
Three shaft couplings hold as three KONKAVE bearings placed side by side, respectively first bearing, second bearing and third axis
It holds；
Measuring instrumentss include instrument board, pointer, torsionspring and thin axis, and pointer is set to instrument board front, thin axis setting
In instrument board back side, torsionspring is wound on thin axis；Pointer includes the first pointer, the second pointer and third pointer, reverses bullet
Spring includes the first torsionspring, the second torsionspring and third torsionspring, and thin axis is three layers of cannula structure, including first
Casing, the second casing and third casing have ball between each casing, and each casing is equipped with corresponding torsionspring, and casing is stretched
The positive part of instrument board is connected with corresponding pointer out；
There are two instrument supports, is separately fixed at cabinet close to slideway one side wall and opposite another sidewall edge, center
Axis one end is fixed on instrument support, and plate where the other end passes through slideway is fixed on another instrument support, and measuring instrumentss are solid
Be scheduled on the nearly slideway one end of central axis, have a groove close to slideway one end on central axis, held to place three shaft couplings, three shaft couplings hold with
For central axis by ball mediate contact, driving wire has three, and change for obvious length will not be generated under force
Rigid filaments, three driving wires are respectively the first driving wire, the second driving wire and third driving wire；Each pressure-bearing body and circular cylindrical projection
Bar, driving wire, the respective sleeve of thin axis, pointer correspond.
Preferably, the torsionspring is made of the material with favorable elasticity and turnability.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure test method, comprising:
Small-sized pump machine and two way valve are opened, it is stand-by that a certain amount of water is pumped into cabinet；
The volume for adjusting water in two way valve control cabinet body, judges whether water did not had square surface under whole pressure-bearing bodies, if
It is, then for studying hydrostatic pressure distributed rectangular；If it is not, then according to for studying hydrostatic pressure Triangle-Profile；
After water filling, while pressure-bearing body rotates, the cylindrical nose bar of pressure-bearing body side surface is rotated with, and is connected to circular cylindrical projection
Driving wire on bar around three shaft couplings hold in corresponding bearing generate displacement in vertical direction, pulled at the respective sleeve point of contact of thin axis
The respective sleeve rotation of thin axis, sleeve rotating drives corresponding torsionspring that rotating Vortex deformation occurs, and after system balancing, turns round
The angle displacement for turning spring generation is reflected on dial plate by the pointer being connected on casing, according to quantitative relation formula, is determined not
With the corresponding numerical value and position on dial plate of hydrostatic pressure, and then obtain the quantitative relationship of the depth of water and hydrostatic pressure.
Further, each pressure-bearing body two sides are equal in magnitude, power suffered by arcwall face is by center axis center, act on
Hydrostatic pressure on pressure-bearing body is only generated the square of central axis by the hydrostatic pressure for acting on rectangle plane, according to hydrostatic pressure side
To regular formula (1), Principle of equilibrium of three dimensional force system formula (2) and (3), it is based on Hooke's law formula (4), acquires different hydrostatic pressings
Power different pointer angular displacements corresponding to the square of central axis；Formula is as follows:
σ=- p (1)；
∑Fi=0 (2)；
∑Mi=0 (3)；
Wherein, σ is that hold face pressure suffered by laminate surface strong, and p is certain point hydrostatic pressure, FiFor non-coplanar force any in system, Mi
Any power is to the square of central axis in expression system, and M is torque, and k is torsionspring stiffness factor,For thin axis rotation angle,
Negative sign in formula (1) indicates surface pressure suffered by pressure-bearing surface along its surface inter normal direction.
Further, it in conjunction with hydrostatic pressure composite formula (5), acting by external hydrostatic pressure point and centroid relation formula (6), acquires
Hydrostatic pressure relationship at different water depth position:
∫ pds=P (5)；
Wherein, P is hydrostatic pressure, yDFor the coordinate of acting by external hydrostatic pressure point, yCFor pressure-bearing body rectangular surfaces centroid coordinate, IC
It is pressure-bearing body to the moment of inertia of horizontal centroidal principal axis, A is pressure-bearing body rectangular surfaces area.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention measures hydrostatic pressure for accurate quantification, and multiple by being arranged
The hydrostatic pressure regularity of distribution under pressure-bearing body display different water depth may further determine that acting by external hydrostatic pressure point.
The present invention is based on the designs of the equilibrium principle of hydrostatics fundamental equation, power and torque.Utilize a kind of windup-degree
The torsionspring directly proportional to suffered couple drives throw of pointer, realizes the accurate measurement of hydrostatic pressure numerical value.
The present invention is improvement on the basis of existing experimental facilities.Existing instrument measures pressure size using lever principle,
Since counterbalance mass is discontinuous, there are due to randomness etc., test between the face pressure value measured and theoretical value accidentally for manual operation
Difference is larger.In addition to the basic function of measurement hydrostatic pressure, the present invention can also intuitively and accurately illustrate hydrostatic pressure and the depth of water
Between relationship.
The configuration of the present invention is simple, clear principle, can intuitively, accurately measure hydrostatic pressure, and can determine hydrostatic pressure
Position.Facilitate student and study the distribution of triangle pressure and hydrostatic pressure characteristic distributions under trapezoidal pressure distribution situation, is formed
To the visual understanding of acting by external hydrostatic pressure point.The present invention makes measuring principle and Improvement in determination method in the prior art, is
Hydraulics, hydrodynamic calculations teaching provide a kind of new experimental facilities.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is back elevation view of the invention；
Fig. 3 is pressure-bearing device of the present invention and part measurement transmission structures schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is slideway schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 5 is measurement mission part structural schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 6 is thin axle construction schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To keep the object of the invention, technical solution and advantage clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawing to technical solution of the present invention
It is described in detail.
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing mainly includes water storage device 1, control
Mechanism 2, levelling device 3, pressure-bearing device 4 and measurement transmission device 5, water storage device includes support 11 and water-storing tank, water storage
Water tank includes cabinet 12, water inlet 13 and water outlet 14；Control mechanism includes small-sized pump machine 21 and two way valve 22；Levelling device
Including level 31 and leveling serew 32, pressure-bearing device includes the first pressure-bearing body 41, the second pressure-bearing body 42 and third pressure-bearing body 43；
Measurement transmission device includes that slideway 51, driving wire 52, instrument support 53, central axis 54, three shaft couplings hold 55, measuring instrumentss 56,
In three shaft couplings hold as three KONKAVE bearings placed side by side, respectively first bearing, second bearing and 3rd bearing；Measurement
Instrument includes instrument board 561, pointer, torsionspring 562 and thin axis 563；Pointer includes that the first pointer, the second pointer and third refer to
Needle, torsionspring include the first torsionspring, the second torsionspring and third torsionspring, and thin axis includes first sleeve, second
Casing and third casing, each casing are directly connected by ball；First torsionspring is set in first sleeve, first sleeve with
The connection of first pointer；Second torsionspring is set on the second casing, and the second casing is connect with the second pointer；Third torsionspring
It is set on third casing, third casing is connect with third pointer.
Wherein, support is rectangle support, and below there are four stabilizer blade, inside is hollow structure, can when without experiment
Water is temporarily stored into this, support can play the storage of experiment water and the support and stabilization of laboratory apparatus；Cabinet is by transparent material system
At, effect is temporary experiment water, as top measuring instrument support construction, and cabinet is fixed on the support by leveling serew,
There are three leveling serews, and lower end is fixed on the support, and upper end is connect with cabinet lower plate, and one end of box baseplate extends one
A platform (platform and box baseplate integral structure) is provided with level on the platform, and sighting-level simultaneously adjusts leveling spiral shell
The height of silk, can be such that cabinet is in a horizontal position；Small-sized pump machine is placed in a seamed edge edge on support, positioned at the side of cabinet, with
Two way valve constitutes the control mechanism of water volume in control cabinet body, and water inlet, water outlet are placed in the nearly two way valve side angle of cabinet
Near point, water inlet and water outlet pass through hose respectively and are connected to two way valve, and water is passed freely through；Experiment is formally opened
The water stored in support is passed through in small-sized pump machine input magazine body before beginning.
As shown in figure 3, the first pressure-bearing body, the second pressure-bearing body and third pressure-bearing body be the different lightweight four of radius size/
One annular structure by light material but can be not limited to high density polymer and be made, and coaxial place has different radiuses
And ring width, this three sections of annulus can approximation regard as and cut by quadrant；Each pressure-bearing body is arranged close to the side of slideway
There are cylindrical nose bar 44, respectively the first nose bar, the second nose bar and third nose bar, and third nose bar, the second nose bar and first are convex
Bar distance of square surface under pressure-bearing body is sequentially increased, to guarantee that third driving wire is located at the top of the second nose bar, second
Driving wire is located at the top of the first nose bar；The free end of nose bar is connected with the bigger cake 45 of Radius Ratio nose bar radius,
Each pressure-bearing body is carved with scale far from the side of nose bar, to measure the water filling depth；The nose bar of each pressure-bearing body passes through corresponding sliding
It is connect again with cake behind road, cake is threadably secured in nose bar free end；Setting cake prevents pressure-bearing body nose bar to be detached from slideway；
Nose bar is mobile with slideway, so that pressure-bearing body is only in corresponding area of space around the Space Rotating of central axis.
Cabinet is nearby provided with a right angle fan plate parallel with the side wall far from small-sized pump machine side inner wall, flat at this
The right angle portions of plate are nearby equipped with a hole, and central axis passes through the hole just and whereby fixes the plate, in addition, in cabinet
Wedge angle projection is nearby equipped with a card slot under the slideway of lower surface, further fixes plate；The plate is parallel with wall box to be set
It sets, as shown in figure 4, setting on plate, there are three slideways, respectively the first slideway, the second slideway and third slideway；Three slideways are
The different a quarter of coaxial setting radius size is circular, respectively with the first pressure-bearing body, the second pressure-bearing body and third pressure-bearing
Body is corresponding；Each slideway cooperates with corresponding cylindrical nose bar, and cylindrical nose bar can be moved along slideway, and each slideway allows
Correspondent cy linder shape nose bar motion range is different so that in the case of not filling the water pressure-bearing body be horizontally situated it is slightly biased under be advisable,
Each pressure-bearing body does not contact the bottom of box when not filling the water.
There are two instrument supports, is separately fixed at cabinet close to slideway one side wall and opposite another sidewall edge, center
Axis one end is fixed on an instrument support, and plate where the other end passes through slideway is fixed on another instrument support, central axis
It is upper to have a groove close to slideway one end, it is held to place three shaft couplings, three shaft couplings are held with central axis through ball mediate contact, necessary
When can also apply moderate lubrication oil, to ensure that frictional force is small as far as possible, reduce experimental error, guarantee measurement accuracy.Such as Fig. 5 institute
Show, driving wire be under force be not in obviously to elongate or shorten the rigid filaments of phenomenon, and have three, respectively first
Driving wire, the second driving wire and third driving wire, the first driving wire is wound in first bearing after the extraction of the first nose bar, by the
It is changed into the movement of vertical direction after one bearing, on the point of contact of the vertical first sleeve side vertical direction for being connected to thin axis,
To drive the first sleeve of thin axis to rotate, rotational angle of first driving wire for by the first pressure-bearing body around axis passes to thin axis
Respective sleeve；Similarly second and third driving wire be respectively used to pass to second and third pressure-bearing body around the rotational angle of axis
The respective sleeve of axis.It is wound with torsionspring on each casing of thin axis, the torque of the sleeve rotating to measure thin axis, pressure-bearing
Body rotation can lead to torsionspring deformation, and then generate the torque balanced therewith, obtain quantitative relationship；Torsionspring should be selected
The strong high-elastic spring of recovery capacity, to guarantee that the proportionate relationship of spring under the conditions of long-term experiment does not change, carved on dial plate
The correspondence of scale and pressure relationship.
The effect of ball is to reduce frictional resistance, reduces systematic error；Torsionspring is most preferably made of quartz fibre, but not only
It is limited to quartz fibre, other materials with favorable elasticity and turnability can be used and be made.
Thin axis is three layers of cannula structure, has ball between casing, each casing connection one corresponding driving wire, set
It manages nearly instrument board side and is connected with pointer；As shown in fig. 6, torsionspring is identical if driving wire drives thin axis to rotate counterclockwise
It is deformed on direction, and then generates the torque of the opposite direction balanced therewith, system balancing backpointer registration is required；Value
It is noted that the corresponding nose bar of three pressure-bearing bodies, driving wire, the respective sleeve of thin axis, pointer should be corresponded to strictly, sequence
It must not exchange.
The present invention is the improvement of existing institution of higher education's hydraulic experiment instruments used for education, and in particular to hydrostatics neck
Domain, for the measurement of hydrostatic pressure in hydraulic experiment teaching and probing into for different water depth hydrostatic pressure rule.
Scientific basic of the invention is:
Hydrostatics fundamental equation (1) and hydrostatic pressure feature (2)；
And it is related to some mechanical knowledges (3)-(7), main formulas is as follows:
σ=- p (2)；
∫ pds=P (3)；
The present invention relates to some rational mechanics knowledge, mainly include force balance and equilibrium of couples, and formula is as follows:
∑Fi=0 (6)；
∑Mi=0 (7)；
Wherein, z is the depth of water, and p is certain point hydrostatic pressure, and ρ is water density, and g is acceleration of gravity, and C is constant；σ is pressure-bearing
Face pressure suffered by body surface face is strong；P is hydrostatic pressure；M is torque, and k is torsionspring stiffness factor,For the angle of thin axis rotation
Degree, yDFor the coordinate of acting by external hydrostatic pressure point, yCFor pressure-bearing body rectangular surfaces centroid coordinate, ICIt is pressure-bearing body to horizontal centroidal principal axis
The moment of inertia, A be pressure-bearing body rectangular surfaces area.Negative sign in formula (2) indicates surface pressure method along its surface suffered by pressure-bearing surface
Line direction.
Experimentation:
Correct installation experimental provision, instrument is fixed in horizontal table top, checks whether each section is completely embedded, it is soft to connect
Pipe whether leak, sighting-level and adjust leveling serew ensure device level.
The trial interval phase can store enough water in bottom support bracket hollow structure.Before experiment, open small-sized pump machine with
Two way valve extracts suitable water as needed and enters in cabinet for use.
Experiment starts, and adjusts the volume of water in two way valve control cabinet, it should be noted that: it is not held when water all
Hydrostatic pressure Triangle-Profile can be studied under laminate when square surface, it can when water did not had square surface under whole pressure-bearing bodies just
Study hydrostatic pressure distributed rectangular；Do not had under whole pressure-bearing bodies that (the present embodiment is hydrostatic pressure to square surface just with water below
Rectangle pressure distribution research implementation process) for described:
Under the action of hydrostatic pressure, different degrees of position change will occur for pressure-bearing body, according to formula (1), hydrostatic pressing
There are proportional relations between the depth of water by force, and therefore, the depth of water is deeper, and hydrostatic pressure is bigger, and water is also bigger to the active force of pressure-bearing body.
According to formula (6), (7) and hydrostatic pressure Computing Principle, hydrostatic pressure to pressure-bearing body circular arc portion active force
Pass through central axis, therefore there is no the effect of torque to central axis；In addition, the hydrostatic pressure of pressure-bearing body two sides acts on size phase
Deng, it is contrary, it is completely counterbalanced by.
Therefore, the hydrostatic pressure that rectangular section is subject to only below pressure-bearing body can produce the effect for making its change in location.
By formula (1), hydrostatic pressure suffered by three pressure-bearing bodies is different, also different to the square of central axis, the result is that three pressure-bearing bodies are around axis
The angular displacement of rotation is different.
In cabinet after water filling, while the rotation of pressure-bearing body, it is fixedly arranged at and holds the cylindrical nose bar of laminate surface and rotate with,
The driving wire being connected on nose bar holds around three shaft couplings and generates displacement in vertical direction, pulls at the respective sleeve point of contact of thin axis thin
The rotation of axis respective sleeve.
Each casing of thin axis is wound with a torsionspring, and torsionspring has the work of square to the respective sleeve of thin axis
With sleeve rotating drives the deformation of certain angle on the torsionspring generation same direction, due to the property of torsionspring itselfTorsionspring generates the torque in the opposite direction with sleeve rotating balance, suffered by this torque and pressure-bearing body
Equalising torque, whole system reaches equilibrium state.
The angle displacement that torsionspring generates is reflected on dial plate by the pointer being connected on casing, according to formula
(6) couple of the hydrostatic pressure to central axis on different pressure-bearing bodies known to；According to formula (5), in conjunction with central axis to each pressure-bearing bodily form
The vertical distance of the heart, it is known that the hydrostatic pressure and its position born on each pressure-bearing body；According to formula (3), in conjunction with known each
Pressure-bearing body square surface area can acquire the hydrostatic pressure of each pressure-bearing body square surface centroid, can obtain the depth of water and hydrostatic pressing accordingly
Strong quantitative relationship.It can determine the corresponding numerical value and position on dial plate of different hydrostatic pressures.This measuring principle belongs to existing
Technology is not repeating herein.
According to principles above and method, the suffered hydrostatic pressure of different pressure-bearing bodies position can be measured, and then is obtained
To different water depth hydrostatic pressure.Since the corresponding pressure-bearing body of different pointers is different, according to the difference of pointer institute index value, Ke Yizhi
The observation hydrostatic pressure of sight and the positional relationship of the depth of water.
The present invention relates to institution of higher education's hydraulic experiment instruments used for education field, specifically invented one kind can accurately measure it is quiet
The strong fiber communication experiment demonstration instrument of hydraulic pressure, the present invention are the favourable improvements on the basis of existing experimental facilities.Existing instrument utilizes lever principle
Aspect of measure pressure size, since counterbalance mass is discontinuous, there are due to randomness etc., test the face pressure measured to count by force for manual operation
Error is larger between value and theoretical value.In addition to the basic function of measurement standing level pressure, the present invention also intuitively can be illustrated accurately
The relevant knowledge of relationship between hydrostatic pressure and the depth of water.This invention address that providing a kind of accurate and intuitive standing level pressure survey
Determine lecture experiment equipment.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing, it is characterised in that: including water storage device, control mechanism, leveling dress
Set, pressure-bearing device and measurement transmission device, in which:
Water storage device, including support and water-storing tank, support inside is hollow structure, for storing experimental water, water-storing tank
Including cabinet, water inlet and water outlet, cabinet is set to above support, and water inlet and water outlet are set to the bottom of box；
Control mechanism flows between cabinet and support for controlling the water stored in support；
Levelling device is in horizontality for cabinet to be arranged；
Pressure-bearing device, for converting hydrostatic pressure to the rotating torque of pressure-bearing body；
It measures transmission device and passes through torsionspring for converting the rotating torque of pressure-bearing device to the deformation of torsionspring
Deformation obtains its torque, and then obtains the quantitative relationship of hydrostatic pressure and the depth of water, thus obtains the numerical value of hydrostatic pressure.
2. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the control machine
Structure includes small-sized pump machine and two way valve, and two way valve is connect with water inlet and water outlet respectively by hose, small-sized pump machine control
The water stored in support processed enters cabinet or the intracorporal water of control cabinet by two way valve by two way valve and water inlet and goes out
The mouth of a river enters in support.
3. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: levelling device packet
Level and leveling serew are included, there are three leveling serews, and to cabinet is fixed on the support, branch is fixed in leveling serew lower end
On seat, upper end is connect with cabinet lower plate, and a platform is extended in one end of box baseplate, is provided with level on the platform,
Sighting-level and the height for adjusting leveling serew, are in a horizontal position cabinet.
4. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: pressure-bearing device packet
Include the first pressure-bearing body, the second pressure-bearing body and third pressure-bearing body；Each coaxial setting of pressure-bearing body divides for the different lightweight four of radius size
One of annular structure, the side of each pressure-bearing body be provided with cylindrical nose bar, respectively the first nose bar, the second nose bar and third
Nose bar, and third nose bar, the second nose bar and the first nose bar distance of square surface under pressure-bearing body are sequentially increased；Each pressure-bearing body
It is carved with scale away from the side of nose bar, nose bar is connect by cake with measurement transmission device.
5. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: measurement transmission dress
Set held including slideway, driving wire, instrument support, central axis, three shaft couplings, measuring instrumentss, wherein
Slideway is set to cabinet far from the plate near the inner wall of small-sized pump machine side, and the plate is solid by the card slot of the bottom of box
Fixed, the slideway includes the first slideway, the second slideway and third slideway, three slideways respectively with three circles on three pressure-bearing bodies
Cylindricality nose bar is connected with merga pass cake, and cylindrical nose bar can be moved along slideway, and each slideway allows Correspondent cy linder shape convex
Bar motion range is different；
Three shaft couplings hold as three KONKAVE bearings placed side by side, respectively first bearing, second bearing and 3rd bearing；
Measuring instrumentss include instrument board, pointer, torsionspring and thin axis, and pointer is set to instrument board front, and thin axis is set to instrument
The dial plate back side, torsionspring are wound on thin axis；Pointer includes the first pointer, the second pointer and third pointer, torsionspring packet
The first torsionspring, the second torsionspring and third torsionspring are included, thin axis is three layers of cannula structure, including first set
Pipe, the second casing and third casing have ball between each casing, and each casing is equipped with corresponding torsionspring, and casing stretches out
The positive part of instrument board is connected with corresponding pointer；
There are two instrument supports, is separately fixed at cabinet close to slideway one side wall and opposite another sidewall edge, central axis one
End is fixed on instrument support, and plate where the other end passes through slideway is fixed on another instrument support, and measuring instrumentss are fixed on
There is a groove in central axis nearly slideway one end close to slideway one end on central axis, holds to place three shaft couplings, three shaft couplings are held and center
Axis is by ball mediate contact, and driving wire has three, and for that will not generate the rigidity that obvious length changes under force
Silk, three driving wires are respectively the first driving wire, the second driving wire and third driving wire；Each pressure-bearing body and cylindrical nose bar pass
Dynamic silk, the respective sleeve of thin axis, pointer correspond.
6. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the torsion bullet
Spring is made of the material with favorable elasticity and turnability.
7. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure test method characterized by comprising
Small-sized pump machine and two way valve are opened, it is stand-by that a certain amount of water is pumped into cabinet；
The volume for adjusting water in two way valve control cabinet body, judges whether water did not had square surface under whole pressure-bearing bodies, if so,
For studying hydrostatic pressure distributed rectangular；If it is not, then according to for studying hydrostatic pressure Triangle-Profile；
After water filling, while pressure-bearing body rotates, the cylindrical nose bar of pressure-bearing body side surface is rotated with, and is connected on cylindrical nose bar
Driving wire around three shaft couplings hold in corresponding bearing generate displacement in vertical direction, pull thin axis at the respective sleeve point of contact of thin axis
Respective sleeve rotation, sleeve rotating drives corresponding torsionspring that rotating Vortex deformation occurs, and after system balancing, reverses bullet
The angle displacement that spring generates is reflected on dial plate by the pointer being connected on casing, according to quantitative relation formula, is determined different quiet
Hydraulic pressure corresponds to by force numerical value and position on dial plate, and then obtains the quantitative relationship of the depth of water and hydrostatic pressure.
8. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure test method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that each pressure-bearing body two sides
Power suffered by equal in magnitude, arcwall face by center axis center, acts on the hydrostatic pressure on pressure-bearing body to the square of central axis
It is only generated by the hydrostatic pressure for acting on rectangle plane, according to hydrostatic pressure direction rule formula (1), Principle of equilibrium of three dimensional force system
Formula (2) and (3) are based on Hooke's law formula (4), acquire different hydrostatic pressures different pointers angle corresponding to the square of central axis
Displacement；Formula is as follows:
σ=- p (1)；
∑Fi=0 (2)；
∑Mi=0 (3)；
Wherein, σ is that hold face pressure suffered by laminate surface strong, and p is certain point hydrostatic pressure, FiFor non-coplanar force any in system, MiIt indicates
Any power is to the square of central axis in system, and M is torque, and k is torsionspring stiffness factor,For the angle of thin axis rotation, formula
(1) negative sign in indicates surface pressure suffered by pressure-bearing surface along its surface inter normal direction.
9. a kind of improved hydrostatic pressure test method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: closed in conjunction with hydrostatic pressure
At formula (5), acting by external hydrostatic pressure point and centroid relation formula (6), hydrostatic pressure relationship at different water depth position is acquired:
∫ pds=P (5)；
Wherein, P is hydrostatic pressure, yDFor the coordinate of acting by external hydrostatic pressure point, yCFor pressure-bearing body rectangular surfaces centroid coordinate, ICTo hold
For laminate to the moment of inertia of horizontal centroidal principal axis, A is pressure-bearing body rectangular surfaces area.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811024595.9A CN109341931B (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Improved hydrostatic pressure testing experimental device and testing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811024595.9A CN109341931B (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Improved hydrostatic pressure testing experimental device and testing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109341931A true CN109341931A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN109341931B CN109341931B (en) | 2019-12-10 |
Family
ID=65297092
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811024595.9A Active CN109341931B (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2018-09-04 | Improved hydrostatic pressure testing experimental device and testing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109341931B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110118693A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-13 | 同济大学 | A kind of device using the test cement-based material whiting of hydrostatic platen press |
| CN110285837A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-27 | 湖南省计量检测研究院 | Differential hydrostatic level calibrating installation and calibration method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4214308B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2009-01-28 | 重道 門脇 | Hydrodynamic experiment equipment |
| CN201273849Y (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2009-07-15 | 河海大学 | Curved surface total hydrostatic pressure experiment instrument |
| CN101673484A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-17 | 浙江大学 | Self-circulating electrical-testing total hydrostatic pressure tester |
| CN205228593U (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-11 | 陈春锦 | Water level monitoring device |
| CN206601868U (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-10-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of hydraulics plane total hydrostatic pressure tester device |
-
2018
- 2018-09-04 CN CN201811024595.9A patent/CN109341931B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4214308B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2009-01-28 | 重道 門脇 | Hydrodynamic experiment equipment |
| CN201273849Y (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2009-07-15 | 河海大学 | Curved surface total hydrostatic pressure experiment instrument |
| CN101673484A (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2010-03-17 | 浙江大学 | Self-circulating electrical-testing total hydrostatic pressure tester |
| CN205228593U (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-05-11 | 陈春锦 | Water level monitoring device |
| CN206601868U (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-10-31 | 河海大学 | A kind of hydraulics plane total hydrostatic pressure tester device |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110118693A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-13 | 同济大学 | A kind of device using the test cement-based material whiting of hydrostatic platen press |
| CN110285837A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-27 | 湖南省计量检测研究院 | Differential hydrostatic level calibrating installation and calibration method |
| CN110285837B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2023-10-27 | 湖南省计量检测研究院 | Differential pressure type static level calibrating device and calibrating method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109341931B (en) | 2019-12-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109341931A (en) | A kind of improved hydrostatic pressure experimental apparatus for testing and test method | |
| CN101958154A (en) | Platform automatic leveling device based on machine vision | |
| CN112254716A (en) | Land management surveying instrument and method convenient for outdoor use | |
| CN208383139U (en) | A kind of building detection scale being convenient for carrying | |
| CN106500656B (en) | Gravity center type structural plane attitude measuring instrument | |
| CN114812735B (en) | Multifunctional liquid level meter | |
| CN206210226U (en) | Light reflects demonstration teaching aid | |
| CN202994404U (en) | Automatic deflection measurement apparatus | |
| CN109754679A (en) | Hydrostatic pressure is distributed demonstration instrument for teaching | |
| CN103063382A (en) | Deflection automatic measuring device and measuring method thereof | |
| CN206832407U (en) | A kind of thrust balancing device suitable for sloping platform Continuous Compensation | |
| CN202630953U (en) | Gradienter capable of precisely measuring levelness of roller shaft | |
| CN205262466U (en) | A dynamic anti -tilt device for derrick | |
| CN107545812B (en) | A kind of hollow swinging cylinder experimental provision measuring acceleration of gravity | |
| JP2001194143A (en) | Detection method for relatively determining x-, y-, z-axes and device therefor | |
| CN113819888B (en) | Open-air building gradient measuring device | |
| CN211205594U (en) | Plug moment test device | |
| CN109493695A (en) | A kind of physics teaching demonstration, test device | |
| CN2743791Y (en) | Measuring and monitoring apparatus for building construction | |
| CN210707958U (en) | Horizontal measuring device of airplane | |
| US2300710A (en) | Universal flight indicator | |
| CN219475830U (en) | Multifunctional accurate measuring instrument for height, crown width and breast diameter of arbor | |
| CN114152319B (en) | On-site detection method and detection device for side-mounted liquid level meter of tank truck | |
| CN208334193U (en) | A kind of measuring device for liquid refractive index | |
| US3383922A (en) | Linear differential pressure sensor |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |