CN109341912B - A kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces Download PDFInfo
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
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- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
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Abstract
A method of plane voussoir is used for curve surface work pieces residual stress measurement, its step are as follows: S1, carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to zero stress flat work pieces, the measured waveform x (n) of zero stress flat work pieces is acquired, the nominal sonoelastic coefficient K of flat work pieces is then demarcatedPla；S2, plane voussoir is used to acquire the measured waveform y (n) of curve surface work pieces to the ultrasonic wave stress test of curve surface work pieces to be measured；S3, the waveform time delay Δ t for calculating x (n) and y (n)Det, calculate the residual stress σ of curve surface work pieces to be measuredCur:Wherein, LWor,PlaThe actual propagation distance for being critical refraction longitudinal wave in flat work pieces；LWor,CurThe actual propagation distance for being critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work pieces；ΔtGeoFor when carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, since flat work pieces are different with curve surface work pieces geometry, ultrasonic wave is in voussoir and the sound time difference caused by propagation time difference in coupling layer.This method can be simple and efficient, inexpensive, and precision is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the residual stress measuring methods that a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for curve surface work pieces, belong to remnants and answer
The field of non destructive testing of power.
Background technique
Metal material inevitably results from plastic strain during machine-building, leads to residual stress, while
During workpiece is on active service, the inside of workpiece is influenced by aging or external load, and residual stress will change.Measure workpiece
The safety evaluation that residual stress can not only be on active service for structure provides data supporting, and can also improve production technology on this basis
The service life for further extending workpiece with member processing method, reduces production and operation cost.
There are many kinds of the intracorporal stress detections of object, according to whether destroying object to be detected, can be subdivided into three categories: have
Damage detection, micro-damage detection and non-destructive testing damage detection and micro- damage detection and be also known as mechanical detection method, wherein boring method
Using the most universal.Non-destructive testing is then to be detected with nondestructive physical method to component stress, mainly includes X-ray
The methods of diffraction approach, photoelastic method, eddy-current method and supercritical ultrasonics technology.Wherein x-ray method, ultrasonic method is in field of track traffic using most
It is universal.
Ultrasonic measurement residual stress is to will lead to ultrasonic wave when forces are applied for component in material based on Vocal cord injection
The variation of the parameters such as spread speed, supersonic frequency, amplitude, phase and energy inside material, by ultrasonic wave in component these
The measurement of parameter can find out the stress value of component inside according to correlation model indirectly.
In the early-stage study of ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement technology, a large amount of planar materials be used to test, but practical
Engineer application in be mostly curve surface work pieces to the demanding workpiece of Stress Control, such as pressure vessel, high-speed rail bogie, petroleum pipeline
Deng.And when carrying out ultrasonic wave residual stress measurement to curve surface work pieces, the voussoir that majority uses is plane voussoir, leads to critical folding
The propagation path for penetrating longitudinal wave changes, therefore it is necessary to carry out to measurement result when supercritical ultrasonics technology is to curve surface work pieces stress measurement
Amendment.
It in the conventional method, is more that suitable voussoir is customized according to the radius of curve surface work pieces to guarantee workpiece and probe
Coupling, but discovery is filled up plane voussoir with couplant and can be collected as the gap between workpiece enough in actual measurement
The measured waveform of intensity, while this method does not have to the voussoir of customization different curvature, practicability higher costs are lower.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is by providing a kind of method that plane voussoir is used for curve surface work pieces residual stress measurement.It should
Method can simple and efficient, inexpensive, the residual stress of accurately measure curve surface work pieces.
The present invention realizes that its goal of the invention is adopted the technical scheme that: a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for curve surface work pieces
Residual stress measuring method, its step are as follows:
The zero stress flat work pieces of S1, production material identical as curve surface work pieces to be measured, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation are visited
Head and ultrasonic reception probe carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, the measured waveform x of ultrasonic reception probe acquisition zero stress flat work pieces
(n), then apply different stress σ on zero stress flat work pieces and carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, demarcate the name of flat work pieces
Adopted sonoelastic coefficient KPla；
S2, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe on curve surface work pieces to be measured, are smeared enough
Couplant sufficiently fills up the gap between plane voussoir and curve surface work pieces, carries out ultrasonic wave stress test, ultrasonic reception probe acquisition
The measured waveform y (n) of curve surface work pieces；Judge whether receive critical refraction longitudinal wave in measured waveform y (n), if being not received by
Critical refraction longitudinal wave then adjusts the relevant parameter of ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe, re-measures guarantee ultrasonic reception
Probe receives critical refraction longitudinal wave；If receiving critical refraction longitudinal wave, carry out in next step；
S3, noise reduction process is carried out to x (n), y (n), and calculates the waveform time delay Δ t of the twoDet, and calculate curved surface work to be measured
The residual stress σ of partCur:
Wherein, LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave
Actual propagation distance in flat work pieces；
LWor,CurWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in curved surface
Actual propagation distance in workpiece；
ΔtGeoFor when carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, due to flat
Face workpiece is different with curve surface work pieces geometry, and ultrasonic wave is when plane voussoir is with sound caused by propagation time difference in coupling layer
Difference.
Further, apply different stress σ in step S1 of the present invention on zero stress flat work pieces and carry out ultrasonic wave
Stress test demarcates the nominal sonoelastic coefficient K of flat work piecesPlaSpecific method be: according to acquisition zero stress flat work pieces
Measured waveform x (n) obtains ultrasonic wave in the propagation time t of zero stress state lower plane workpiecezero, then in zero stress plane
Apply different stress σ on workpiece and carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, measures ultrasonic wave in different stress lower plane workpiece
Propagation time calculates ultrasonic wave in the propagation time difference Δ t of σ stress state and zero stress state lower plane workpiece, passes through fitting
The relationship of the stress σ and propagation time difference Δ t calculate the nominal sonoelastic coefficient K of the flat work piecesPla。
Further, when use plane voussoir of the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces, critical refraction
Actual propagation distance L of the longitudinal wave in flat work piecesWor,PlaIt is to be obtained by vernier caliper or miking.
Further, when use plane voussoir of the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces, critical refraction
Actual propagation distance L of the longitudinal wave in curve surface work piecesWor,CurIt is to be obtained by following formula: LWor,Cur=2Rcos β,
Wherein, β is in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, and ultrasonic wave is incident on from coupling layer
The refraction angle of curve surface work pieces；R is the radius of curve surface work pieces.
Further, of the present invention that ultrasonic wave stress test is being carried out to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir
When, since flat work pieces are different with curve surface work pieces geometry, ultrasonic wave is different with the propagation time in coupling layer in plane voussoir
Caused by sound time difference Δ tGeoWhen specifically referring to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave exists
Propagation time t in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo, PlaUltrasonic wave stress test is carried out to curve surface work pieces with using plane voussoir
When, propagation time t of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo,CurDifference, Δ tGeo=tGeo,Cur-tGeo, Pla。
Further, when use plane voussoir of the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces, ultrasonic wave
Propagation time t in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo, PlaIt is obtained by following formula: tGeo, Pla=2h/ (VWedgecosiLCR)；
Wherein, h is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir.
Further, when use plane voussoir of the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces, ultrasonic wave
Propagation time t in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo,CurIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, h is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir；
β is in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, and ultrasonic wave is incident on curved surface from coupling layer
The refraction angle of workpiece；
iCouIn the case where critical refraction longitudinal wave can be received for ultrasonic reception probe, ultrasonic wave is incident on from plane voussoir
Incidence angle when coupling layer；
γCouIn the case where critical refraction longitudinal wave can be received for ultrasonic reception probe, ultrasonic wave is incident on from plane voussoir
Refraction angle when coupling layer；
R is the radius of curve surface work pieces；
VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant.
Further, in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave in the present invention, ultrasonic wave is from plane
Voussoir is incident on incidence angle i when coupling layerCouWith refraction angle γCou, ultrasonic wave is incident on the refraction of curve surface work pieces from coupling layer
Angle beta is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir；
VWorThe spread speed for being critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work pieces, VWorWith critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress plane
Spread speed V in workpieceWor, ZeroVery little is differed, takes V when calculatingWor=VWor, Zero；
LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in plane
Actual propagation distance in workpiece；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material；
R is the radius of curve surface work pieces；
H is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe.
Spread speed V of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoirWedge, spread speed V of the ultrasonic wave in couplantCou
It can be measured by sound velocimeter.
Further, spread speed V of the critical refraction longitudinal wave of the present invention in zero stress flat work piecesWor, ZeroIt is logical
Following formula is crossed to be calculated:
VWor, Zero=LWor,Pla/[tzero-2h/(VWedgecosiLCR)]
Wherein, LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave
Actual propagation distance in flat work pieces；
tzeroFor ultrasonic wave zero stress state lower plane workpiece propagation time；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material；
H is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the ultrasonic wave plane voussoir of the present invention for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces.
Fig. 2 is the ultrasonic wave propagation path schematic diagram that the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to zero stress flat work pieces.
Fig. 3 is the ultrasonic wave propagation path schematic diagram that the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces.
Fig. 4 is the ultrasonic wave propagation path enlarged diagram that the present invention carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces.
Fig. 5 be the present invention to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces ultrasonic wave stress test when, ultrasonic wave is in plane voussoir
Propagation path schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the present invention to the schematic diagram for carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test at the top of C-shaped ring.
Fig. 7 is the nominal sonoelastic coefficient K that the embodiment of the present invention demarcates flat work piecesPlaShi Yingli σ and propagation time difference Δ
The fit correlation figure of t.
Fig. 8 is that C-shaped ring dome top surface simulation stress is answered with this method measurement under difference of embodiment of the present invention screw-in depth
The comparison diagram of power.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the ultrasonic wave plane voussoir of the present invention for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
Specifically describe below by step: a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces, and step is such as
Under:
The zero stress flat work pieces of S1, production material identical as curve surface work pieces to be measured, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation are visited
Head and ultrasonic reception probe carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, the measured waveform x of ultrasonic reception probe acquisition zero stress flat work pieces
(n), Fig. 2 is the ultrasonic wave propagation path schematic diagram that zero stress flat work pieces are carried out with ultrasonic wave stress test；Then it is answered zero
Apply different stress σ on power flat work pieces and carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, demarcates the nominal sonoelastic coefficient of flat work pieces
KPla, specific method is: according to the measured waveform x (n) of acquisition zero stress flat work pieces, obtaining ultrasonic wave under zero stress state
The propagation time t of flat work pieceszero, then apply different stress σ on zero stress flat work pieces and carry out ultrasonic wave stress survey
Examination, measurement ultrasonic wave calculate ultrasonic wave in σ stress state and zero stress in the propagation time of different stress lower plane workpiece
The propagation time difference Δ t of state lower plane workpiece calculates institute by being fitted the relationship of the stress σ and propagation time difference Δ t
State the nominal sonoelastic coefficient K of flat work piecesPla；
S2, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe on curve surface work pieces to be measured, are smeared enough
Couplant sufficiently fills up the gap between plane voussoir and curve surface work pieces, carries out ultrasonic wave stress test, ultrasonic reception probe acquisition
The measured waveform y (n) of curve surface work pieces judges whether receive critical refraction longitudinal wave in measured waveform y (n), if being not received by
Critical refraction longitudinal wave then adjusts the relevant parameter of ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe, re-measures guarantee ultrasonic reception
Probe receives critical refraction longitudinal wave；If receiving critical refraction longitudinal wave, carry out in next step；Fig. 3 is to carry out to curve surface work pieces
Ultrasonic wave stress test receives the ultrasonic wave propagation path schematic diagram of critical refraction longitudinal wave in measured waveform y (n)；
S3, noise reduction process is carried out to x (n), y (n), and calculates the waveform time delay Δ t of the twoDet, and calculate curved surface work to be measured
The residual stress σ of partCur:
Wherein, LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave
Actual propagation distance in flat work pieces；As shown in Fig. 2, LWor,Pla=C1D1, LWor,PlaVernier caliper or micrometer can be passed through
What measurement obtained；
ΔtGeoFor when carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, due to flat
Face workpiece is different with curve surface work pieces geometry, and ultrasonic wave is when plane voussoir is with sound caused by propagation time difference in coupling layer
Difference, Δ tGeoWhen specifically referring to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir and
Propagation time t in coupling layerGeo, PlaWhen with carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave exists
Propagation time t in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo,CurDifference, Δ tGeo=tGeo,Cur-tGeo, Pla；
As shown in Fig. 2, coupling layer is very thin when the use plane voussoir carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces,
Propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in coupling layer is negligible, then propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir and coupling layer
tGeo, PlaAs propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir, tGeo, Pla=AC1+D1B=2h/ (VWedgecosiLCR), wherein h
For the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe；iLCRIt is the first of flat work pieces material
Critical refraction angle；VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir, can be measured by sound velocimeter.
For curve surface work pieces shown in Fig. 3 measurement when, ultrasonic wave by excitation probe excitation after in C2Point is incident in coupling layer
And it reflects；Sound wave continues to propagate to E in coupling layer2Point is caused due to the influence of curve surface work pieces curvature in E2Point sound wave
Incidence angle less than the first critical refraction angle iLCR, since there are certain angles of flare for ultrasonic probe itself, so in plane voussoir
An E is certainly existed on curve surface work pieces in the suitable situation in inclination angle2Point so that the sound wave incidence angle be equal to first it is critical enter
Firing angle.To generate critical refraction longitudinal wave, direction of propagation E in curve surface work pieces2The tangential direction of point.Again due to critical folding
Penetrating longitudinal wave can spread in communication process, so in E2The critical refraction longitudinal wave that point generates is not fully along curve surface work pieces
Outer surface conduction, but inside curve surface work pieces and E2It is propagated in the angled range of point tangent line, is received probe at first
The critical refraction longitudinal wave detected is along string E2F2It propagates, and in F2Point is incident on coupling layer and is again incident on plane voussoir, most
Probe is received eventually to receive.Ultrasonic wave propagation path ultrasonic reception probe shown in Fig. 3 can receive the feelings of critical refraction longitudinal wave
Propagation path under condition, Fig. 4 are the ultrasonic wave propagation path enlarged diagram that curve surface work pieces are carried out with ultrasonic wave stress test.Figure
Shown in 3 and Fig. 4, in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling from plane voussoir
Incidence angle when closing layer is iCou, refraction angle when ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling layer from plane voussoir is γCou, ultrasonic wave is from coupling
The refraction angle that layer is incident on curve surface work pieces is β.
As shown in figure 4, actual propagation distance L of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work piecesWor,CurIt is to pass through following formula
It obtains: LWor,Cur=E2F2=2Rcos β,
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, when the use plane voussoir carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces, ultrasonic wave
Propagation time t in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo,CurIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, wherein LWedgeWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave wave exists
Propagation distance in plane voussoir, LCouWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave exists
Propagation distance in coupling layer, h are the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe；VWedge
For spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir, VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant, β are that ultrasonic reception is visited
In the case that head can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, ultrasonic wave is incident on the refraction angle of curve surface work pieces from coupling layer；iCouFor ultrasound
Incidence angle in the case that receiving transducer can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, when ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling layer from plane voussoir；
γCouIn the case where critical refraction longitudinal wave can be received for ultrasonic reception probe, when ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling layer from plane voussoir
Refraction angle；R is the radius of curve surface work pieces；Δ h is to calculate intermediate geometric sense, as shown in Figure 4.
Spread speed V of the above-mentioned ultrasonic wave in plane voussoirWedge, spread speed V of the ultrasonic wave in couplantCouIt can
It is measured by sound velocimeter.
Optionally, in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, ultrasonic wave is incident from plane voussoir
Incidence angle i when to coupling layerCouWith refraction angle γCou, ultrasonic wave from coupling layer be incident on the refraction angle β of curve surface work pieces by with
Lower formula obtains:
Wherein, VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant；
VWorThe spread speed for being critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work pieces, VWorWith critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress plane
Spread speed V in workpieceWor, ZeroVery little is differed, takes V when calculatingWor=VWor, Zero；
LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in plane
Actual propagation distance in workpiece；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material；
R is the radius of curve surface work pieces；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir.
The reasoning process of above-mentioned formula is provided below with reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5:
Ultrasonic wave is in E2Point at can just prompt critical refracted longitudinal wave, then have:
In formula, iCurIndicate incidence angle when ultrasonic wave is incident on curve surface work pieces from coupling layer,
VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant；
VWorThe spread speed for being critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work pieces.
In Δ C2E2M and Δ OE2It can be obtained, be had by geometric knowledge in H:
Wherein | C2N | indicate Fig. 4 middle conductor C2The length of N, Fig. 5 are to survey to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces ultrasound wave stress
When examination, propagation path of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir, wherein AC1When for flat work pieces ultrasonic wave stress test, ultrasonic wave
Propagation path in plane voussoir；AC2When for curve surface work pieces ultrasonic wave stress test, biography of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir
Broadcast path.The Δ AC in Fig. 51C2In can be obtained by geometrical relationship | C1C2|=h (taniLCR-taniCou), and combine Fig. 4 can
It obtainsTherefore have
Simultaneous (1-1), (1-2), (1-3) and (1-4) can be obtained β and meet following equation:
Further according to Snell law, and available:
Following equation group can be obtained by joint type (1-1), (1-2), (1-5) and (1-6):
In above-mentioned equation group,
VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant, can be measured by sound velocimeter；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir, can be measured by sound velocimeter；
iLCRIt for the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material, can be obtained by tabling look-up, such as following table
First critical angle of incidence of 1 different materials of table
LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in plane
Actual propagation distance in workpiece can be obtained by vernier caliper or miking；
R is the radius of curve surface work pieces, can be obtained by measurement.
In addition to above-mentioned parameter, there are four unknown quantitys, due to spread speed V of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work piecesWor
It is unknown, lead to equation intangibility, but since stress influences very little, V to ultrasonic propagation velocityWorExist with critical refraction longitudinal wave
Spread speed V in zero stress flat work piecesWor, ZeroDiffer very little VWor≈VWor,Zero, taken when calculating: VWor=VWor,Zero；
Spread speed V of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress flat work piecesWor, ZeroIt can be surveyed by sound velocimeter
；But by needing to work the work piece into specific shape by sound velocimeter survey spread speed, it is advantageous to,
VWor, ZeroFollowing formula is calculated:
VWor, Zero=LWor,Pla/[tzero-2h/(VWedgecosiLCR)]
Wherein, LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave
Actual propagation distance in flat work pieces can be obtained by vernier caliper or miking；
tzeroIt is ultrasonic wave in the propagation time of zero stress state lower plane workpiece, the zero stress according to step S1 acquisition is flat
The measured waveform x (n) of face workpiece is obtained；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir, can be measured by sound velocimeter；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material, can be obtained by tabling look-up；
H is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe, can be obtained by measurement.
Ultrasonic reception can be obtained by solve system of equation (1-7) in this way, being only left three unknown quantitys in equation group (1-7)
In the case that probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, incidence angle i when ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling layer from plane voussoirCouWith
Refraction angle γCouAnd ultrasonic wave is incident on the refraction angle β of curve surface work pieces from coupling layer.
Inventive method is described further combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment
As shown in fig. 6, measured workpiece is by the outer diameter that Q345 material makes is 200mm, the C-shaped ring of internal diameter 190mm, pass through
Along radial direction tightening nuts, to generate different stress in C-shaped ring dome top surface, its top is obtained by finite element modelling
The stress intensity of portion upper surface；And ultrasonic stress test is carried out to the stress using the method for the present invention,
Specific implementation step:
The zero stress flat work pieces of S1, production material identical as curve surface work pieces to be measured, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation are visited
Head and ultrasonic reception probe carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, the measured waveform x of ultrasonic reception probe acquisition zero stress flat work pieces
(n), according to the measured waveform x (n) of acquisition zero stress flat work pieces, ultrasonic wave is obtained in the biography of zero stress state lower plane workpiece
T between sowing timezero, then apply different stress σ on zero stress flat work pieces and carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, measure ultrasonic wave
In the propagation time of different stress lower plane workpiece, ultrasonic wave is calculated in σ stress state and zero stress state lower plane work
The propagation time difference Δ t of part, by being fitted the relationship of the stress σ and propagation time difference Δ t, as shown in fig. 7, calculating described
The nominal sonoelastic coefficient K of flat work piecesPla=9.769MPa/ns；
S2, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe on curve surface work pieces to be measured, are smeared enough
Couplant sufficiently fills up the gap between plane voussoir and curve surface work pieces, carries out ultrasonic wave stress test, ultrasonic reception probe acquisition
The measured waveform y (n) of curve surface work pieces judges whether receive critical refraction longitudinal wave in measured waveform y (n), if being not received by
Critical refraction longitudinal wave then adjusts the relevant parameter of ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe, re-measures guarantee ultrasonic reception
Probe receives critical refraction longitudinal wave；If receiving critical refraction longitudinal wave, carry out in next step；
S3, noise reduction process is carried out to x (n), y (n), and calculates the waveform time delay Δ t of the twoDet, and calculate curved surface work to be measured
The residual stress σ of partCur:
Wherein, LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave
Actual propagation distance in flat work pieces；L in this exampleWor,PlaIt is obtained by miking, LWor,Pla=50.000mm
ΔtGeoFor when carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, due to flat
Face workpiece is different with curve surface work pieces geometry, and ultrasonic wave is when plane voussoir is with sound caused by propagation time difference in coupling layer
Difference, Δ tGeoWhen specifically referring to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir and
Propagation time t in coupling layerGeo, PlaWhen with carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave exists
Propagation time t in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo,CurDifference, Δ tGeo=tGeo,Cur-tGeo, Pla；
When carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, coupling layer is very thin, and ultrasonic wave is in coupling layer
In propagation time it is negligible, then propagation time t of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir and coupling layerGeo, PlaAs ultrasonic wave
Propagation time in plane voussoir, tGeo, Pla=2h/ (VWedgecosiLCR), wherein h is the piezoelectric chip of ultrasonic excitation probe
The vertical range of center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface, through measuring h=2mm in this example；iLCRFor the first critical folding of flat work pieces material
Firing angle；VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir, V is measured through sound velocimeter in this exampleWedge=2651.2m/
s。
Critical refraction longitudinal wave is in curve surface work pieces when using plane voussoir to curve surface work pieces progress ultrasonic wave stress test
Actual propagation distance LWor,CurIt is to be obtained by following formula: LWor,Cur=2Rcos β,
Wherein, β is in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, and ultrasonic wave is incident on from coupling layer
The refraction angle of curve surface work pieces；R is the radius of curve surface work pieces；
When carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave is in plane voussoir and coupling layer
Propagation time tGeo,CurIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, iCouIn the case where critical refraction longitudinal wave can be received for ultrasonic reception probe, ultrasonic wave enters from plane voussoir
It is mapped to incidence angle when coupling layer；γCouFor ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave in the case where, ultrasonic wave from
Plane voussoir is incident on refraction angle when coupling layer；VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant is surveyed through the velocity of sound in this example
Amount instrument measures VCou=1752.5m/s
Unknown quantity in above-mentioned formula: ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave in the case where, ultrasonic wave from
Plane voussoir is incident on incidence angle i when coupling layerCouWith refraction angle γCou, ultrasonic wave is incident on curve surface work pieces from coupling layer
Refraction angle β is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, VWorThe spread speed for being critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work pieces, VWorIt is answered with critical refraction longitudinal wave zero
Spread speed V in power flat work piecesWor, ZeroVery little is differed, takes V when calculatingWor=VWor, Zero；
Spread speed V of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress flat work pieces in this exampleWor, ZeroIt is by following formula meter
It obtains:
VWor, Zero=LWor,Pla/[tzero-2h/(VWedgecosiLCR)]。
It is screwed into depth by changing nut, different stress is generated in C-shaped ring dome top surface, is obtained by finite element modelling
To the stress intensity of its dome top surface；And ultrasonic stress test is carried out to the stress using the method for the present invention, it obtains simulation and answers
Power and this method measure stress comparison diagram, as shown in Figure 8.
From figure 8, it is seen that (negligible C-shaped ring measures part in compression process when screw-in depth is less than 15mm
The variation that curvature occurs), stress and the analogue value measured by the method for the present invention coincide substantially, measurement accuracy height.Screw-in depth is
It is because C-shaped ring is in compression process that measured value, which differs larger with the analogue value, when greater than 15mm, and measuring the curvature of part also can be with
Change caused by.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces, its step are as follows:
The zero stress flat work pieces of S1, identical with the curve surface work pieces to be measured material of production, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation pop one's head in and
Ultrasonic reception probe carries out ultrasonic wave stress test, and ultrasonic reception probe acquires the measured waveform x (n) of zero stress flat work pieces,
Then apply different stress σ on zero stress flat work pieces and carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, demarcate the nominal sound of flat work pieces
Coefficient of elasticity KPla；
S2, holding plane voussoir, ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe on curve surface work pieces to be measured, smear enough couplings
The gap between plane voussoir and curve surface work pieces is sufficiently filled up in agent, carries out ultrasonic wave stress test, ultrasonic reception probe acquisition curved surface
The measured waveform y (n) of workpiece；Judge whether receive critical refraction longitudinal wave in measured waveform y (n), if being not received by critical
Refracted longitudinal wave then adjusts the relevant parameter of ultrasonic excitation probe and ultrasonic reception probe, re-measures and guarantees ultrasonic reception probe
Receive critical refraction longitudinal wave；If receiving critical refraction longitudinal wave, carry out in next step；
S3, noise reduction process is carried out to x (n), y (n), and calculates the waveform time delay Δ t of the twoDet, and calculate curve surface work pieces to be measured
Residual stress σCur:
Wherein, LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in plane
Actual propagation distance in workpiece；
LWor,CurWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in curve surface work pieces
In actual propagation distance；
ΔtGeoFor when carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, due to plane work
Part is different with curve surface work pieces geometry, the sound time difference caused by ultrasonic wave is different with the propagation time in coupling layer in plane voussoir.
2. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 1 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
It is characterized in that: applying different stress σ in the step S1 on zero stress flat work pieces and carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, calibration
The nominal sonoelastic coefficient K of flat work piecesPlaSpecific method be: according to acquisition zero stress flat work pieces measured waveform x (n),
Ultrasonic wave is obtained in the propagation time t of zero stress state lower plane workpiecezero, then apply on zero stress flat work pieces different
Stress σ carry out ultrasonic wave stress test, measurement ultrasonic wave calculated super in the propagation time of different stress lower plane workpiece
Sound wave by the fitting stress σ and is propagated in the propagation time difference Δ t of σ stress state and zero stress state lower plane workpiece
The relationship of time difference Δ t calculates the nominal sonoelastic coefficient K of the flat work piecesPla。
3. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 1 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
Be characterized in that: when the use plane voussoir carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in plane work
Actual propagation distance L in partWor,PlaIt is to be obtained by vernier caliper or miking.
4. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 1 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
Be characterized in that: when the use plane voussoir carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in curved surface work
Actual propagation distance L in partWor,CurIt is to be obtained by following formula: LWor,Cur=2Rcos β,
Wherein, β is in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, and ultrasonic wave is incident on curved surface from coupling layer
The refraction angle of workpiece；R is the radius of curve surface work pieces.
5. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 1 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
It is characterized in that: it is described when carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces and curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, due to plane
Workpiece is different with curve surface work pieces geometry, the sound time difference caused by ultrasonic wave is different with the propagation time in coupling layer in plane voussoir
ΔtGeoWhen specifically referring to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave is in plane voussoir and coupling
Close the propagation time t in layerGeo, PlaWhen with carrying out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces using plane voussoir, ultrasonic wave is flat
Propagation time t in face voussoir and coupling layerGeo,CurDifference, Δ tGeo=tGeo,Cur-tGeo, Pla。
6. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 5 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
Be characterized in that: when the use plane voussoir carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces, ultrasonic wave is in plane voussoir and coupling
Close the propagation time t in layerGeo, PlaIt is obtained by following formula: tGeo, Pla=2h/ (VWedgecosiLCR)；
Wherein, h is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir.
7. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 5 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
Be characterized in that: when the use plane voussoir carries out ultrasonic wave stress test to curve surface work pieces, ultrasonic wave is in plane voussoir and coupling
Close the propagation time t in layerGeo,CurIt is obtained by following formula:
Wherein, h is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir；
β is in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave, and ultrasonic wave is incident on curve surface work pieces from coupling layer
Refraction angle；
iCouIn the case where critical refraction longitudinal wave can be received for ultrasonic reception probe, ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling from plane voussoir
Incidence angle when layer；
γCouIn the case where critical refraction longitudinal wave can be received for ultrasonic reception probe, ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling from plane voussoir
Refraction angle when layer；
R is the radius of curve surface work pieces；
VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant.
8. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 4 or 7 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
It is characterized by: ultrasonic wave is incident on coupling from plane voussoir in the case that ultrasonic reception probe can receive critical refraction longitudinal wave
Close incidence angle i when layerCouWith refraction angle γCou, ultrasonic wave passes through following public affairs from the refraction angle β that coupling layer is incident on curve surface work pieces
Formula obtains:
Wherein, VCouThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in couplant；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir；
VWorThe spread speed for being critical refraction longitudinal wave in curve surface work pieces, VWorWith critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress flat work pieces
In spread speed VWor, ZeroVery little is differed, takes V when calculatingWor=VWor, Zero；
LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in flat work pieces
In actual propagation distance；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material；
R is the radius of curve surface work pieces；
H is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe.
9. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 8 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
It is characterized in that: spread speed V of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoirWedge, spread speed V of the ultrasonic wave in couplantCouIt is
It is measured by sound velocimeter.
10. a kind of ultrasonic wave plane voussoir according to claim 8 is used for the residual stress measuring method of curve surface work pieces,
It is characterized in that: spread speed V of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress flat work piecesWor, ZeroIt is to be calculated by the following formula
It obtains:
VWor, Zero=LWor,Pla/[tzero-2h/(VWedgecosiLCR)]
Wherein, LWor,PlaWhen to carry out ultrasonic wave stress test to flat work pieces using plane voussoir, critical refraction longitudinal wave is in plane
Actual propagation distance in workpiece；
tzeroFor ultrasonic wave zero stress state lower plane workpiece propagation time；
VWedgeFor spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in plane voussoir；
iLCRFor the first critical refraction angle of flat work pieces material；
H is the vertical range of the piezoelectric chip center anomaly face voussoir bottom surface of ultrasonic excitation probe.
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