CN109339959A - A kind of internal combustion engine and its method improved efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of internal combustion engine and its method improved efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN109339959A CN109339959A CN201811131867.5A CN201811131867A CN109339959A CN 109339959 A CN109339959 A CN 109339959A CN 201811131867 A CN201811131867 A CN 201811131867A CN 109339959 A CN109339959 A CN 109339959A
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- pressure
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- cylinder
- pressure chamber
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
- F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
- F02D13/0203—Variable control of intake and exhaust valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/027—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using knock sensors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method that the present invention provides internal combustion engine and its improves efficiency.This internal combustion engine, including cylinder and piston therein are externally provided with pressure chamber in the cylinder, and pressure chamber is equipped with inflation pump and is attached thereto logical, and pressure sensor is equipped in pressure chamber；Auxiliary piston is equipped at the top of master cylinder, auxiliary piston backside space is connected to pressure chamber；The inlet plenum of cylinder is equipped with program-controlled throttle inflow system in communication, and program-controlled throttle inflow system is equipped with pressure sensor.The method for improving engine efficiency adjusts the pressure of pressure chamber by the working state control to inflation pump, to adjust the pressure at the end of compression travel in master cylinder indirectly；Simultaneously, air inflow is controlled by program-controlled throttle inflow system, the system incudes inlet throat pressure by air pressure sensor, compare the pressure needed, the aperture of air throttle is determined according to the gas usage of gas when different rotating speeds or different dynamic demand, to reach the trunnion gas pressure intensity of needs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internal combustion engine more particularly to a kind of internal combustion engine and its methods improved efficiency.
Background technique
Internal combustion type petrol engine and diesel engine have been invented the years up to a hundred, and engineers and technicians are being to mention always
High internal combustion engine efficiency and carry out effort, but limited by structure and principle, engine efficiency has been difficult to biggish always
It is promoted；Engineers and technicians on the basis of traditional Otto cycle mode, and have developed Aunar to improve engine efficiency
Jin Sen circulation and Miller cycle, but both endless form have the shortcomings that its is huge.
Atkinson cycle is using redesign brace and connecting rod framework, so that piston air-breathing, compression travel shorten, acting,
Instroke is elongated, has so just achieved the effect that increase expansion ratio, but the engine figure of this structure is larger, knot
Structure is complicated heavy, be in different solar term air-suction state operating conditions it is unstable, compression ratio cannot change so as to cause compression travel
At the end of cylinder in pressure be not optimum value.The structure of the engine determines that only a kind of air inflow can reach best effort shape
State, when other solar term states, the efficiency of engine will be reduced.
Miller cycle is to control air inflow by delaying for IC Intake Valve Closes, in a disguised form realizes that compression travel shortens, swollen
The purpose of swollen lengthened stroke；The bulky and hulking link mechanism of Atkinson cycle is avoided, is technically greatly improved,
So that the thermal efficiency is had promotion really.But Miller cycle, which results in the thermal efficiency there is also some defects, to be difficult to further increase, and is exactly
Compression ratio not can control, i.e., the in-cylinder pressure at the end of compression travel only has a kind of a kind of valve opening and closing time state (air inflow)
It can be only achieved optimum value, compression ratio is different when air inflow difference, and such thermal efficiency is just limited by very large,
And in order to pursue efficiency, full admission amount is restricted, and is poorly suited for carrying out hoisting power using booster, to lead
Cause engine unit discharge capacity power relatively low.
Also similar changeable air valve technology, cylinder oil-break technology, in-cylinder direct-jet, stratified combustion etc.,
The realization of these technologies, which needs rigorous design to calculate, will also be aided with complicated mechanism realizing, increasing cost and reducing
Reliability.
Although these technologies have certain effect to engine efficiency is improved, all fundamentally engine cannot be made to exist
Pressure reaches optimum value in cylinder at the end of compression travel under different operating conditions, to limit the promotion of engine efficiency.
Also, when present Gasoline engine developments are developed, there is a fixed compression ratio, since different labels fire
The difference of the oily capability of antidetonance, it can only be that a kind of fuel oil can reach optimum Working that this, which is just determined, can not use anti-knock properties
Fuel oil that can be lower than required by the engine, to limit the use of engine.
Summary of the invention
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of internal combustion engine and its sides improved efficiency
Method.
In the present invention, master cylinder refers to the major part of the cylinder within the scope of piston stroke.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of internal combustion engine, including cylinder and piston therein are externally provided with pressure chamber in the cylinder, and pressure chamber is equipped with
Inflation pump be attached thereto it is logical, in pressure chamber be equipped with pressure sensor；Auxiliary piston, the auxiliary piston back side are equipped at the top of master cylinder
Space is connected to pressure chamber；The inlet plenum of cylinder is equipped with program-controlled throttle inflow system in communication, program-controlled throttle inflow
System is equipped with pressure sensor.
Motion bar is socketed in the sealing ring of the cylinder head, the auxiliary piston is connected to the lower end of motion bar.
Buffer is socketed in the sealing ring of the cylinder head, the motion bar is socketed in buffer.
The connecting pipeline of the pressure chamber and auxiliary piston backside space is equipped with air circuit breaker.
The program-controlled throttle inflow system contains booster.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of methods for improving above-mentioned internal combustion engine efficiency, by inflation pump
Working state control, the pressure of pressure chamber is adjusted, thus the pressure at the end of adjusting compression travel indirectly in master cylinder；Together
When, air inflow is controlled by program-controlled throttle inflow system, which incudes inlet throat pressure by air pressure sensor
Power compares the pressure of needs, determines air throttle according to the gas usage of gas when different rotating speeds or different dynamic demand
Aperture, to reach the trunnion gas pressure intensity of needs.
Air circuit breaker is set on the connecting pipeline of the pressure chamber and auxiliary piston backside space, by closing communicating pipe
The retrogressing that the pressure of in cylinder fuel burning acting moment exploded and pushed auxiliary piston is prevented on road.
Pressure by controlling pressure chamber reaches the pressure in master cylinder at the end of each compression travel of main piston
The pressure of optimum pressure or needs.
Air inflow is controlled, in a disguised form realizes that expansion stroke is greater than suction stroke, allows the abundant expansion work of combustion gas.
Pressure is set in the cylinder at the end of compression travel according to fuel oil label and environmental requirement to prevent pinking and raising
Discharge standard.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: different compressions can be realized in the case where various inlet amount according to duty requirements
Than to reach in the case where various inlet amount, the internal gas pressure of cylinder can be kept at the end of piston compression stroke
In the pressure of setting, to achieve the purpose that improve engine efficiency；In addition, due to the effect of auxiliary piston, each exhaust row
After journey, remaining exhaust gas is fewer in master cylinder.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of internal combustion engine main view according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of internal combustion engine suction stroke state main view according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of internal combustion engine compression travel state main view according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is to terminate state main view according to a kind of internal combustion engine compression travel of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a kind of internal combustion engine working stroke state main view according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a kind of internal combustion engine exhaust gas stroke state main view according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with attached drawing, the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples.
With reference to Fig. 1-6, a kind of internal combustion engine including cylinder 2 (only depicting a part in figure) and is disposed therein
Piston 18, connecting rod 1 and spark plug 17, piston 18 is connected with connecting rod 1 and cylinder head 16 (part is only depicted in figure).In gas
At the top flange of cylinder 2 be equipped with sealing ring 9,9 sets of sealing ring piston rod 11, piston rod 11 connect buffer 10, piston rod 11
Lower end be fixed with auxiliary piston 13.Valve mechanism 6 is equipped in the inlet plenum and exhaust chamber of cylinder 2.The inlet plenum of cylinder 2 is set
There is atomizer 12 and be connected with program-controlled throttle inflow system 14, pressure sensor is equipped in program-controlled throttle inflow system 14
15。
The outside of cylinder 2 is equipped with pressure chamber 5, and pressure chamber 5 is connected by pipeline 8 on 13 top of auxiliary piston, in pipeline 8
Equipped with air circuit breaker 7.Pressure chamber 5 is connected with inflation pump 3, inflation pump 3 and air communication.Pressure is equipped in pressure chamber 5
Sensor 4.
Air circuit breaker 7 can be solenoid valve, adaptive mechanical valve, machine power valve or operated pneumatic valve, and latus rectum
Want sufficiently large, it is close enough from auxiliary piston.
8 latus rectum of pipeline wants sufficiently large, and length is short as far as possible.
Buffer 10 can be spring buffer, liquid buffer or gas cushion, live for limiting and buffering auxiliary
The limit travel of plug.
Auxiliary piston 13 needs cooling appropriate and lubrication, prevents from overheating and wear.
In the present invention, auxiliary piston 13 is pushed by the gas pressure that inflation pump 3 provides.It is pushed on gas in piston 18
During going and compressing, since pressure becomes larger in cylinder 2, when pressure be greater than pressure chamber 5 pressure when, auxiliary piston 13 then on
A part of gas in 13 top of auxiliary piston, is discharged to pressure chamber 5 by row, when piston 18 reaches uplink fixed point, due to reaching
Pressure balance, auxiliary piston 13 is with regard to stop motion, the gas pressure intensity of gas pressure intensity and pressure chamber 5 in this when cylinder 2
It is equal.Pass through the working state control to inflation pump 3, so that it may adjust the pressure of pressure chamber 5, also just in a disguised form have adjusted compression
Pressure at the end of stroke in cylinder 2.
Meanwhile air inflow is controlled by program-controlled throttle inflow system 14, which is incuded by pressure sensor 15
Inlet throat pressure compares the pressure of needs, and gas when further according to different rotating speeds or different dynamic demand in master cylinder is used
Amount is to determine the aperture of air throttle, to reach the trunnion gas pressure intensity of our needs, while atomizer 12 sprays optimal number
Fuel oil mix with air.
When running on the lower load, controls the pressure in trunnion and arrive smaller value, so each piston stroke entrance
The air of cylinder is with regard to fewer, when compression travel terminates, due to the reason of 13 back pressure of auxiliary piston, auxiliary piston uplink
Stroke it is shorter, the volume of gas is smaller after compression, and it is bigger that this when can be understood as compression ratio.
When high load capacity operating condition, controls the pressure in trunnion and arrive bigger value, so each piston stroke entrance
The air of cylinder is just relatively more, when compression travel terminates, even if there is 13 back pressure of auxiliary piston, 13 uplink of auxiliary piston
Stroke be also it is long, the volume of gas is bigger after compression, and it is smaller that this when can be understood as compression ratio.
The control of this compression ratio is determined how much do not influenced by air inflow completely by the pressure of pressure chamber 5, and adaptive is complete
At the process of Ratios.
In the present invention, buffer 10 is to reduce stopping of the auxiliary piston to downlink terminal or uplink terminal when to impact
Power；Using spring buffer in diagram, but this device is not limited to spring buffer, can be hydraulic cushion, gas buffer.
In the present invention, air circuit breaker 7 can be turned off, and the gas in occluding pressure room 5 and auxiliary piston 13 flows, effect
It is the moment in ignition, since the pressure of main chamber explodes, will push 13 uplink of auxiliary piston, this when, gas circuit was opened
It closes 7 to close to block 13 internal gas of auxiliary piston to flow to pressure chamber 5, mechanism can be brought to avoid the excessive uplink of auxiliary piston 13
Impact because uplink impact force can the internal pressure caused by its a small amount of uplink rise and increased active force offset.It prevents auxiliary
The excessive uplink of piston 13 is helped to be not limited to be realized with blocking airflow channel, it can also be by adding buffer come real at the top of piston rod 11
It is existing.
In the present invention, engine is not limited to then machine that pre-mixed fuel uses plug ignition, is compressed to stroke vertex
Engine (similar conventional diesel) or the compression ignition engine for spraying fuel combustion acting are equally applicable.
In the present invention, engine is not limited to shuttle engine, as long as having the row such as air-breathing, compression, acting, exhaust
The engine of journey is equally applicable.
Suction stroke: referring to Fig. 2, and in the trip, the intake valve of 18 downlink of piston, valve mechanism 6 is opened, while gas
Way switch 7 is in the open state, and program-controlled throttle inflow system 14 adjusts throttle inflow according to the accelerator open degree of operator
Speed, thus make inlet throat pressure values reach program setting correspondence accelerator open degree numerical value, the pressure value is by pressure
Sensor 15 detects and carries out corresponding feedback control, while atomizer 12 carries out the operated fuel injection of corresponding oil mass.
Compression travel: referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, in the trip, all valve-closings of valve mechanism 6, and 18 uplink of piston, pressure
Contracting is mixed with the air of fuel, and air circuit breaker 7 is in the open state, and when uplink reaches to a certain degree, pressure is more than in master cylinder
The pressure of pressure chamber 5, auxiliary piston 13 just rise, and the gas at the piston back side is pushed to enter pressure by pipeline 8 and air circuit breaker 7
Room 5.When compression travel terminates, piston 18 reaches the vertex of cylinder 2, and auxiliary piston 13 also reaches the top in this stage
Point, this when piston 18 top gas pressure intensity with the subsequent back pressure gas pressure intensity of auxiliary piston be it is equal, theoretically
It may be said that equal with the gas pressure intensity of pressure chamber 5.Spark plug 17 will light a fire immediately and (have one according to the actual situation this when
Fixed electronic spark advance amount) so that gaseous mixture detonation is done work, pressure abruptly increase leads to 13 uplink of auxiliary piston in order to prevent, this when is just
It needs to close air circuit breaker 7, separates the gas at pressure chamber 5 and 13 back side of auxiliary piston, such cylinder fuel gas is ignited
Pressure, which rises, only can allow the appropriate uplink of auxiliary piston 13, because the gas pressure intensity at 13 back side of auxiliary piston can be with auxiliary piston 13
Rise and increase, a pressure balance can be reached with the gas in following master cylinder and stop uplink.
Working stroke: in the trip, all valves of valve mechanism 6 are in close state, promotion of the piston 18 in combustion gas
The acting of lower downlink, when going downwards to certain position, air circuit breaker 7 is opened, make 13 backside gas of auxiliary piston pressure pressure with
The gas pressure intensity of pressure chamber 5 is equal, the such meeting of auxiliary piston 13 downlink, until the downlink extreme position in buffer 10 stops again
Only.
Instroke: in the trip, the exhaust valve of valve mechanism 6 is in the open state, and air circuit breaker 7, which is in, to be opened
State, 18 uplink of piston, exhaust gas is discharged to except cylinder, and when piston 18 reaches specified point position, auxiliary piston 13 is
It is close due to being bonded on the inside of 18 top of piston and cylinder cap through being in lowest positions, so residual exhaust gases are fewer.
It is again suction stroke after instroke, carries out new turbine piston cycle operating, make engine
It continues working down.
The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be said that
Specific implementation of the invention is only limited to these instructions.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of internal combustion engine, including cylinder and piston therein, it is characterised in that: it is externally provided with pressure chamber in the cylinder,
Pressure chamber be equipped with inflation pump be attached thereto it is logical, in pressure chamber be equipped with pressure sensor；Auxiliary piston is equipped at the top of master cylinder, it is auxiliary
Piston backside space is helped to be connected to pressure chamber；The inlet plenum of cylinder is equipped with program-controlled throttle inflow system in communication, program-controlled
Throttle inflow system is equipped with pressure sensor.
2. internal combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be socketed with work in the sealing ring of the cylinder head
Lever, the auxiliary piston are connected to the lower end of motion bar.
3. internal combustion engine according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: be socketed in the sealing ring of the cylinder head slow
Device is rushed, the motion bar is socketed in buffer.
4. internal combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pressure chamber and auxiliary piston backside space
Connecting pipeline is equipped with air circuit breaker.
5. according to internal combustion engine described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the program-controlled throttle inflow system contains pressurization
Device.
6. a kind of method for improving internal combustion engine efficiency as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: by inflation pump
Working state control, the pressure of pressure chamber is adjusted, thus the pressure at the end of adjusting compression travel indirectly in master cylinder；Together
When, air inflow is controlled by program-controlled throttle inflow system, which incudes inlet throat pressure by air pressure sensor
Power compares the pressure of needs, determines air throttle according to the gas usage of gas when different rotating speeds or different dynamic demand
Aperture, to reach the trunnion gas pressure intensity of needs.
7. improving the method for internal combustion engine efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in the pressure chamber and auxiliary
Air circuit breaker is set on the connecting pipeline of piston backside space, is fired to prevent in the gas internal combustion oil of cylinder by closing connecting pipeline
The pressure for burning acting moment explodes and pushes the retrogressing of auxiliary piston.
8. improving the method for internal combustion engine efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: by the pressure for controlling pressure chamber
The pressure in master cylinder is forced to reach the pressure of optimum pressure or needs at the end of each compression travel of main piston.
9. improving the method for internal combustion engine efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: control air inflow, in a disguised form
It realizes that expansion stroke is greater than suction stroke, allows the abundant expansion work of combustion gas.
10. improving the method for internal combustion engine efficiency according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: according to fuel oil label and ring
Guaranteed request sets in the cylinder at the end of compression travel pressure to prevent pinking and improve discharge standard.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811131867.5A CN109339959A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of internal combustion engine and its method improved efficiency |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811131867.5A CN109339959A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of internal combustion engine and its method improved efficiency |
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| CN109339959A true CN109339959A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
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ID=65306927
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| CN201811131867.5A Pending CN109339959A (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | A kind of internal combustion engine and its method improved efficiency |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111396199A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 张佰力 | Piston type engine pressure stabilizing and energy storing method and piston used by same |
Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1982004462A1 (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1982-12-23 | Avermaete Gilbert Lucien Charles Henri Louis Van | Internal combustion engine with variable auxiliary chamber |
| WO1997011264A1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-27 | Beta Maskin Ab | Method and device at a combustion engine with variable geometrical compression ratio |
| CN1263583A (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 2000-08-16 | 卡明斯发动机公司 | Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control |
| US20030097998A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-05-29 | Gray Charles L. | Controlled homogeneous-charge, compression-ignition engine |
| CN102741525A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2012-10-17 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Combustion pressure controller |
| CN103256125A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-21 | 浙江大学 | System for hydraulic compression control over combustion of homogeneous gas mixture of internal-combustion engine |
| CN105317572A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-10 | 福特环球技术公司 | Method for variable displacement engine |
| CN205477952U (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-17 | 山东理工大学 | Engine variable compression ratio device |
-
2018
- 2018-09-27 CN CN201811131867.5A patent/CN109339959A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1982004462A1 (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1982-12-23 | Avermaete Gilbert Lucien Charles Henri Louis Van | Internal combustion engine with variable auxiliary chamber |
| JPS58500907A (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1983-06-02 | バン アバルマエテ ギルバ−ト，ルシアン，チヤ−ルス，ヘンリ，ルイス | internal combustion engine |
| WO1997011264A1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-27 | Beta Maskin Ab | Method and device at a combustion engine with variable geometrical compression ratio |
| CN1263583A (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 2000-08-16 | 卡明斯发动机公司 | Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control |
| US20030097998A1 (en) * | 2001-11-29 | 2003-05-29 | Gray Charles L. | Controlled homogeneous-charge, compression-ignition engine |
| CN102741525A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2012-10-17 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Combustion pressure controller |
| CN103256125A (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2013-08-21 | 浙江大学 | System for hydraulic compression control over combustion of homogeneous gas mixture of internal-combustion engine |
| CN105317572A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-10 | 福特环球技术公司 | Method for variable displacement engine |
| CN205477952U (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-17 | 山东理工大学 | Engine variable compression ratio device |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111396199A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 张佰力 | Piston type engine pressure stabilizing and energy storing method and piston used by same |
| CN111396199B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-07-05 | 张佰力 | Piston type engine pressure stabilizing and energy storing method and piston used by same |
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