CN109339936B - Flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system - Google Patents
Flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109339936B CN109339936B CN201811279702.2A CN201811279702A CN109339936B CN 109339936 B CN109339936 B CN 109339936B CN 201811279702 A CN201811279702 A CN 201811279702A CN 109339936 B CN109339936 B CN 109339936B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- flow guide
- inclined plane
- fuel injector
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B23/101—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder the injector being placed on or close to the cylinder centre axis, e.g. with mixture formation using spray guided concepts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
- F02B2023/106—Tumble flow, i.e. the axis of rotation of the main charge flow motion is horizontal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for a straight gas path combustion system, which comprises a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is of a necking profile structure, a flow guide inclined plane is arranged between a throat and the top surface, a round angle R is arranged at the edge of the top of the flow guide inclined plane, a plurality of flow guide grooves are uniformly distributed on the top surface of the combustion chamber in the circumferential direction, the flow guide grooves are of a blade type structure, a drawing angle phi is arranged on two side surfaces of each flow guide groove, a cylinder cover is arranged above the combustion chamber, a fuel injector is arranged in the middle of the cylinder cover, and spray holes of the fuel injector are uniformly distributed in an upper row and a lower row in the. The guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for the straight gas passage combustion system promotes the extrusion flow movement and the diffusion of oil bundles before and after the top dead center under the condition of not changing the gas inlet mode, accelerates the combustion speed, improves the utilization rate of the oil bundles to air, realizes quick mixing and diffusion, and further improves the performance of an engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of forming and burning of mixed gas of an internal combustion engine, and particularly relates to a guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for a straight gas passage combustion system.
Background
The combustion process of an internal combustion engine refers to the process of the combined action of oil, gas and chamber of the internal combustion engine. For diesel engines, the quality of the combustion process mainly depends on the quality of the mixture of the fuel and air in the cylinder, that is, the performance of the engine depends on the quality of the combustion process, and measures and methods for increasing the rapid mixing of the fuel and the air and improving the heat-power conversion efficiency are needed to improve the dynamic property and the economical efficiency and reduce the emission.
The gas flow movement in the cylinder of the diesel engine is quite complex and comprises vortex flow, squeezing flow and tumble flow. The intake vortex mainly depends on the vortex air passage to form airflow movement organized around the cylinder axial direction in the intake process, the intake vortex is consumed due to the friction between the airflow and the cylinder wall and the internal friction between the airflow, the intake vortex is gradually attenuated in the compression process, and about 25% of momentum moment is generally lost after the compression is finished. Squish flow is the movement of air flow that occurs when a portion of the piston surface and cylinder head approach each other at compression top dead center, while the gases in the combustion chamber flow outwardly into the annular space as the piston travels downward to create an expanding flow, i.e., a reverse squish flow. Tumble is an organized air swirl formed around the cylinder central axis during intake. The momentum decay is less in the compression process, and the compression end can be kept, when the piston is close to the top dead center, the large-scale tumble can be broken into a plurality of small-scale vortexes, so that the turbulence intensity is increased.
The promotion of fuel atomization through gas flow organization during fuel injection is critical to diesel combustion performance. When the diesel engine adopts a straight-air-passage combustion system, a porous fuel injector with high injection pressure and a proper matched combustion chamber profile are generally adopted to reasonably organize airflow to realize higher power density. It mainly utilizes the profile structure of combustion chamber to enhance the flow-extruding and accelerating mixing. It is therefore necessary to match the relative position of the combustion chamber and the oil cluster reasonably.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to a flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for a straight gas passage combustion system, so as to enhance gas flow movement during fuel injection to promote oil-gas mixing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a water conservancy diversion cell type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system, includes combustion chamber, water conservancy diversion inclined plane, cylinder cap and sprayer, the appearance of combustion chamber is throat shape profile structure, be equipped with between the larynx of combustion chamber and the top surface water conservancy diversion inclined plane, the bottom edge on water conservancy diversion inclined plane is equipped with fillet R, a plurality of guiding gutters of top surface circumference equipartition of combustion chamber, the guiding gutter is outer thin interior deep blade type structure, the blade center of guiding gutter with the center coincidence of combustion chamber, the both sides of guiding gutter are equipped with a draft angle phi, just the guiding gutter with the crossing position on water conservancy diversion inclined plane is the half position department on water conservancy diversion inclined plane, the cylinder cap is installed to the top of combustion chamber, the middle installation of cylinder cap the sprayer, the orifice of sprayer is arranged and is adopted two rows of upper and lower circumference branch row equipartitions, the central axis of the lower row of oil beam of sprayer with the last oil beam central axis of sprayer differs 360 And n degrees, wherein n is the total number of the spray holes of the fuel injector.
Furthermore, the number of the diversion trenches is equal to that of the upper oil discharge bundles of the oil injector, and the diversion trenches are circumferentially matched with the oil discharge bundles of the oil injector.
Further, the range of the draft angle phi is as follows: phi is more than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees.
Furthermore, the falling point position of the lower row of oil bundles of the oil injector is one half of the depth of the combustion chamber pit.
Furthermore, the inclined angle of the flow guide inclined plane is phizThe value range is as follows: phi is not more than 25 DEGz≤30°。
Further, the radius range of the fillet R is more than or equal to 1 mm.
Further, the position of the lower row of oil bundles is circumferentially matched with the position of the flow guide inclined plane.
Compared with the prior art, the guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for the straight-air passage combustion system has the following advantages:
(1) the flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for the straight gas passage combustion system promotes the flow extrusion movement and the diffusion of oil bundles before and after the top dead center under the condition of not changing the air inlet mode, namely, the air flow and the atomization of the clearance part can be more extruded to the pit of the combustion chamber when the piston moves upwards, and stronger tumble flow is formed at the bottom of the pit of the combustion chamber.
(2) The guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for the straight gas passage combustion system is characterized in that a draft angle is arranged on each of two side surfaces of each guide groove, and the draft angles are used for guiding and converging gas flow and accelerating the speed of the gas flow.
(3) According to the guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for the straight gas passage combustion system, the drop point position of the lower row of oil beams of the oil injector is one half of the depth of the pit of the combustion chamber, so that the two rows of oil beams and air can be fully mixed by means of guide structures with different conical surfaces, and the combustion process is optimized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a front sectional view of a flow-guiding type combustor for a straight-duct combustion system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a flow guide slot type combustion chamber matching orifice oil bundle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a flow guide slot type combustion chamber matching nozzle hole oil bundle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a front sectional view of the guide type combustion chamber, a cylinder cover, and a fuel injector according to the embodiment of the present invention after assembly.
Description of reference numerals:
1-combustion chamber, 2-diversion inclined plane, 3-diversion trench, 4-cylinder cover, 5-oil injector, 51-upper row of oil bundles, and 52-lower row of oil bundles.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
A flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for a straight gas channel combustion system is shown in figures 1 to 4 and comprises a combustion chamber 1, a flow guide inclined plane 2, a cylinder cover 4 and a fuel injector 5, wherein the combustion chamber 1 is in a necking profile structure, the flow guide inclined plane 2 is arranged between a throat and a top surface of the combustion chamber 1, a round corner R is arranged at the edge of the bottom of the flow guide inclined plane 2, a plurality of flow guide grooves 3 are uniformly distributed on the top surface of the combustion chamber 1 in the circumferential direction, each flow guide groove 3 is in a thin-outer and deep-inner blade type structure, the blade centers of the flow guide grooves 3 are superposed with the center of the combustion chamber 1, and a draft angle is arranged on each of two side surfaces of each flow guide groove 3 to play a role in guiding, converging (diffusing) of gas flow and accelerating the gas;
the intersecting position of the diversion trench 3 and the diversion inclined plane 2 is a half position of the diversion inclined plane 2, a cylinder cover 4 is installed above the combustion chamber 1, an oil injector 5 is installed in the middle of the cylinder cover 4, the spray holes of the oil injector 5 are uniformly distributed in an upper row and a lower row in the circumferential direction, the central axis of a lower row of oil bundles 52 of the oil injector 5 and the central axis of an upper row of oil bundles 51 of the oil injector 5 are different by 360/n degrees, wherein n is the total number of the spray holes of the oil injector 5.
The number of the guide grooves 3 is equal to the number of the upper oil discharge bundles 51 of the oil injector 5.
The value range of the draft angle phi is as follows: phi is more than or equal to 10 degrees and less than or equal to 25 degrees.
The drop point position of the lower row of oil bundles 52 of the oil injector 5 is one half of the depth of the pit of the combustion chamber 1, so that the two rows of oil bundles and air can be fully mixed by means of flow guide structures with different conical surfaces.
The angle of inclination of the diversion inclined plane 2 is phizThe value range is as follows: phi is not more than 25 DEGz≤30°。
The radius range of the fillet R is more than or equal to 1 mm.
The position of the lower row of oil bundles 52 is matched with the position of the diversion inclined plane 2.
The flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for the straight air passage combustion system disclosed by the invention can enhance the squeezing flow of a necking part, promote the squeezing flow movement before and after the top dead center and the diffusion of oil bundles under the condition of not changing an air inlet mode, and also has the functions of guiding, converging and diffusing gas, namely when a piston moves upwards, the flow of atomized oil bundles and air in a side gap part between a cylinder cover 2 and the top surface of the piston to the combustion chamber is promoted, and the utilization rate of the air is increased; when the piston moves downwards, the diversion inclined plane 2 and the diversion trench 3 also have a promoting effect on the diffusion of the upper row of oil bundles 51 and the lower row of oil bundles 52, so that the fuel gas is diffused to a larger space and is rapidly mixed with air, and the combustion process is optimized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a water conservancy diversion cell type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system which characterized in that: the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber (1), a flow guide inclined plane (2), a cylinder cover (4) and an oil sprayer (5), wherein the combustion chamber (1) is of a necking profile structure in appearance, and a throat of the combustion chamber (1)And the top surface between be equipped with water conservancy diversion inclined plane (2), the top edge on water conservancy diversion inclined plane (2) is equipped with fillet R, a plurality of guiding gutter (3) of top surface circumference equipartition of combustion chamber (1), guiding gutter (3) are outer thin interior dark blade type structure, the blade center of guiding gutter (3) with the center coincidence of combustion chamber (1), the bilateral side of guiding gutter (3) is equipped with a draft angle
The intersecting position of the diversion trench (3) and the diversion inclined plane (2) is a half position of the diversion inclined plane (2), the cylinder cover (4) is installed above the combustion chamber (1), the fuel injector (5) is installed in the middle of the cylinder cover (4), spray holes of the fuel injector (5) are uniformly distributed in an upper row and a lower row in a circumferential row, the central axis of a lower row of fuel beams (52) of the fuel injector (5) and the central axis of an upper row of fuel beams (51) of the fuel injector (5) have a difference of 360/n degrees, wherein n is the total number of the spray holes of the fuel injector (5), and the falling point position of the lower row of fuel beams (52) of the fuel injector (5) is half of the pit depth of the combustion chamber (1).
2. The once-through trough type combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the diversion trenches (3) is equal to that of the upper oil discharge bundles (51) of the oil injector (5) and matched with the upper oil discharge bundles in the circumferential direction.
3. The once-through trough type combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the draft angle
The value range is as follows: 10 degrees or less
≤25°。
4. The once-through trough type combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the angle of inclination of the flow guide inclined plane (2) is
The value range is as follows: 25 degrees or less
≤30°。
5. The once-through trough type combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radius range of the fillet R is more than or equal to 1 mm.
6. The once-through trough type combustor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the position of the lower row of oil bundles (52) is matched with the position of the diversion inclined plane (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811279702.2A CN109339936B (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2018-10-30 | Flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811279702.2A CN109339936B (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2018-10-30 | Flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109339936A CN109339936A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
| CN109339936B true CN109339936B (en) | 2021-03-16 |
Family
ID=65312627
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811279702.2A Active CN109339936B (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2018-10-30 | Flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109339936B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115163293B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-08-18 | 北京理工大学 | Rolling flow-extrusion flow-rolling flow synergistic rapid combustion optimization method for natural gas engine |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020021433A (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-21 | 이계안 | Piston of diesel engine |
| CN1614209A (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2005-05-11 | 大连理工大学 | Spraying and diffusing combustion system of IC engine |
| CN104981595A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-10-14 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | Piston for a cylinder of combustion engine |
| CN105736170A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-06 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Aviation diesel engine piston combustion chamber and combustion system |
| CN106762100A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of aviation diesel oil machine offset piston combustion chamber and its combustion system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10072561B2 (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-09-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Piston |
-
2018
- 2018-10-30 CN CN201811279702.2A patent/CN109339936B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20020021433A (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2002-03-21 | 이계안 | Piston of diesel engine |
| CN1614209A (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2005-05-11 | 大连理工大学 | Spraying and diffusing combustion system of IC engine |
| CN104981595A (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-10-14 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | Piston for a cylinder of combustion engine |
| CN105736170A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2016-07-06 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Aviation diesel engine piston combustion chamber and combustion system |
| CN106762100A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of aviation diesel oil machine offset piston combustion chamber and its combustion system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109339936A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9228531B2 (en) | Piston having combustion bowl and engine using same | |
| JP6241479B2 (en) | Diesel engine combustion chamber structure | |
| EP2754874A1 (en) | Direct-injection engine combustion chamber structure | |
| CN112211715B (en) | Combustion chamber and gas engine | |
| CN109854359B (en) | Swirl groove type combustion chamber suitable for vortex combustion system | |
| CN115324724A (en) | Combustion chamber and gas engine | |
| CN117108395B (en) | Combustion chamber, combustion system, design method of combustion system and engine | |
| CN112879149A (en) | Asymmetric combustion chamber system suitable for high power density diesel engine | |
| CN109339936B (en) | Flow guide groove type combustion chamber suitable for straight gas channel combustion system | |
| CN112682235A (en) | Engine combustion system based on non-uniform-aperture nozzle | |
| CN210858963U (en) | Engine piston, engine and vehicle | |
| CN112065601A (en) | Piston and engine | |
| KR102495810B1 (en) | Piston for diesel engine and direct inejction diesel engine including the same | |
| JP2013160186A (en) | Piston combustion chamber structure of internal combustion engine | |
| CN217270461U (en) | Piston combustion chamber and diesel engine | |
| CN202108579U (en) | Combustion system of vortex type diesel engine | |
| JP2008151089A (en) | Combustion chamber of diesel engine | |
| CN209892324U (en) | Piston combustion chamber for low-emission single-cylinder diesel engine | |
| CN114607522A (en) | Combustion system and engine | |
| CN114294091A (en) | Combustion system that side oil spout multilayer water conservancy diversion was lighted | |
| CN113982741A (en) | Step type combustion chamber peripheral guiding gutter structure | |
| CN102251845B (en) | Combustion system of vortex-type diesel engine | |
| CN111720235A (en) | Piston, engine and vehicle | |
| US20200182190A1 (en) | Piston combustion chamber structure of engine | |
| CN111648876A (en) | High-low type double vortex chamber double-reducing combustion chamber |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |