CN109332941B - Corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux - Google Patents
Corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux Download PDFInfo
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- CN109332941B CN109332941B CN201811163569.4A CN201811163569A CN109332941B CN 109332941 B CN109332941 B CN 109332941B CN 201811163569 A CN201811163569 A CN 201811163569A CN 109332941 B CN109332941 B CN 109332941B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 50
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021431 alpha silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021418 black silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011335 coal coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZADYMNAVLSWLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Si+4] ZADYMNAVLSWLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic flux which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01-0.5 part of manganese powder, 0.1-5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1-1 part of SiC powder, 0.5-2 parts of titanium powder, 5-20 parts of copper powder, 12-18 parts of magnesium powder, 4-6 parts of fluorite powder, 5-10 parts of copper oxide, 15-25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1-3 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder. The exothermic fluxes of the present invention have high corrosion resistance at the joints after soldering and high electrical conductivity at the wires after soldering. The exothermic welding flux can be processed into massive solids, has higher stability and is convenient to transport and store.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an exothermic flux, in particular to a corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic flux, which belongs to the field of metal welding and is mainly applied to occasions needing welding such as an iron-based copper-clad steel grounding grid.
Technical Field
Exothermic welding is a simple, high-efficiency metal joining process. The exothermic welding flux utilizes a metal simple substance with strong reducibility to generate oxidation reaction, and another metal oxide generates reduction reaction to release a large amount of heat, so that the welding effect is realized. The exothermic welding speed is high, the operation is simple and the equipment is simple. The connection mode is an efficient and simple connection mode in field construction, can be used for connecting various wires in different modes, such as straight-through type, T-shaped, cross-shaped and the like, and can also be used for connecting wires of different materials. Such as common steel, copper, galvanized steel, copper-plated steel, stainless steel and the like, and even can realize the connection of conductors with different shapes, such as the connection of copper wires and copper-plated steel grounding bars, the connection of copper wires and copper plates, the connection of copper wires and grounding galvanized steel pipes, the connection of wires and steel bars, the connection of wires and channel steel and the like, thereby being widely popularized and applied at home and abroad.
Exothermic fluxes fall into three general categories: 1. exothermic flux for copper conductors. The fusion welding joint with certain shape and size is formed in the cavity of specially made graphite mold by using the chemical reaction heat of metal compound as heat source and through direct or indirect heating of overheated (reduced) molten metal. The chemical reaction formula is expressed as follows: mo+al= = = = = m+alo+ high temperature (where M is the required available metal); 2. hot agent welding of aluminum conductors, also known as cartridge welding; 3. iron is connected to iron, steel is connected to steel, and steel is connected to iron.
Exothermic welding is widely used in electrical power systems. The grounding grid adopts exothermic welding, can ensure that the connecting joint has no corrosion and no looseness, and is simple, quick, firm and reliable in operation.
The composition of the flux determines the performance of the solder joint. The melting point, conductivity, and mechanical properties of a welded joint are determined primarily by the composition of the joint. At present, exothermic welding mainly uses copper oxide, copper powder and aluminum powder as main raw materials so as to pursue high conductivity of a welded joint. Copper oxide has the chemical property of relatively living waves, is not beneficial to storage and transportation and is not beneficial to popularization and application of exothermic welding flux.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above object, the invention adopts a corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01-0.5 part of manganese powder, 0.1-5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1-1 part of SiC powder, 0.5-2 parts of titanium powder, 5-20 parts of copper powder, 12-18 parts of magnesium powder, 4-6 parts of fluorite powder, 5-10 parts of copper oxide, 15-25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1-3 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the mass percentage of manganese in the manganese powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity of the manganese powder is 100-300 meshes.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the SiC content in the SiC powder is more than or equal to 90 percent.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the mass percentage of chromium in the chromium powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity of the chromium powder is 100-300 meshes.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the mass percentage of titanium in the titanium powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity of the titanium powder is 100-300 meshes.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the granularity of the magnesium powder is 40-100 meshes, and the mass percent of magnesium in the magnesium powder is more than or equal to 99 percent.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the granularity of the copper powder is 100-300 meshes, and the mass percentage of copper in the copper powder is more than or equal to 99 percent; the mass percentage of aluminum in the aluminum powder is more than or equal to 99 percent; the granularity of the aluminum powder is 100-300 meshes.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the granularity of the ferric oxide powder is 50-200 meshes, and the granularity of the copper oxide is 50-200 meshes.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the granularity of fluorite powder, graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder is 100-400 meshes; the mixture of the graphite powder, the talcum powder and the zinc stearate powder is more than or equal to 40% in mass part, and the zinc stearate powder is less than or equal to 30% in mass part.
The preparation of the safe corrosion-resistant exothermic welding flux comprises the following steps:
s1, the high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01-0.5 part of manganese powder, 0.1-5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1-1 part of SiC powder, 0.5-2 parts of titanium powder, 5-20 parts of copper powder, 12-18 parts of magnesium powder, 4-6 parts of fluorite powder, 5-10 parts of copper oxide, 15-25 parts of iron oxide powder, and 1-3 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder;
s2, pressing by a press, wherein when the pressing process is finished, the pressure of the block-shaped exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction is 50-70kN per square centimeter area, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.3-1.5s.
When the briquetting process is completed, the pressure born by the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter is not suitable to be too large or too small, if the pressure is too large, the briquetting strength is too large, the internal stress of the blocky exothermic welding flux is too large, and the welding is easy to cause large splashing, so that the operation danger is large, and the utilization rate of the exothermic welding flux and the quality of a welded joint are reduced; if the pressure is too small, the strength of the pressing block is insufficient, and the blocky exothermic welding flux is easy to crack in the transportation and storage processes; the dwell time is not suitable to be too long or too short, if too short, the briquetting strength is insufficient, and the blocky exothermic welding flux is easy to break in the transportation and storage processes; too long affects the production efficiency of the pressing block and increases the cost.
The invention has the advantages that: the exothermic welding flux has high safety, is convenient to transport and store, has strong corrosion resistance of a welded joint after welding and has high conductivity of a welded wire. The invention adds chromium powder, titanium powder, manganese powder and SiC powder into the traditional iron brazing heat agent, and adjusts the proportion of copper powder in the iron brazing flux at the same time, so that the exothermic flux of the invention achieves the technical effects of strong corrosion resistance of joints after welding and high conductivity of welded wires. The chromium powder and the titanium powder are mixed into the iron-copper alloy in the process of welding metal melting, so that the welding joint has the property of titanium-containing and chromium-containing metal copper-iron stainless steel, and the welding joint has stronger corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.
In the invention, ferric oxide is used for replacing copper oxide in a conventional welding agent, the metal activity of the iron simple substance is larger than that of copper, and the reaction of the ferric oxide for metal exchange is less easy to react relative to the copper oxide. The invention uses ferric oxide as the oxidant of the welding agent, so that the welding flux is safer to store and transport. The use of iron oxide instead of copper oxide as the oxidizing agent of the solder results in a decrease in the copper content of the welded joint as a result of the increased iron content of the welded joint, which results in a decrease in the conductivity of the welded wire. In the present invention we have found that the solder-bonded wire has high electrical conductivity by adding small amounts of high purity SiC powder and adjusting the copper powder content of the solder. The reason is that all beta-SiC powder in the SiC powder is converted into alpha-SiC powder at the reaction temperature of the hot welding agent during welding, and the alpha-SiC powder can be used as a semiconductor material, so that the technical effect of greatly improving the conductivity of a wire to be welded by the hot welding agent is achieved.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, definitions, will control.
The invention adopts a corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01-0.5 part of manganese powder, 0.1-5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1-1 part of SiC powder, 0.5-2 parts of titanium powder, 5-20 parts of copper powder, 12-18 parts of magnesium powder, 4-6 parts of fluorite powder, 5-10 parts of copper oxide, 15-25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1-3 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass percent of manganese in the manganese powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity of the manganese powder is 100-300 meshes.
SiC (silicon carbide)
Silicon carbide (SiC) is prepared by high-temperature smelting of quartz sand, petroleum coke (or coal coke), wood dust (salt is added in the production of green silicon carbide) and other raw materials through a resistance furnace. Silicon carbide also has rare minerals in nature, morganite. Silicon carbide is also known as carbo-silica. Among the non-oxide high technology refractory materials of current generation C, N, B, silicon carbide is one of the most widely used and economical materials, and may be referred to as diamond grit or refractory grit. At present, silicon carbide produced in China industry is divided into black silicon carbide and green silicon carbide, which are hexagonal crystals, the specific gravity is 3.20-3.25, and the microhardness is 2840-3320 kg/mm 2 。
Because silicon carbide has stable chemical properties, high thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient and good wear resistance, silicon carbide has many other applications besides abrasive materials, such as: silicon carbide powder is coated on the inner wall of the impeller or the cylinder body of the water turbine by a special process, so that the wear resistance of the water turbine impeller or the cylinder body can be improved, and the service life of the water turbine impeller or the cylinder body can be prolonged by 1-2 times; the high-grade refractory material has the advantages of heat shock resistance, small volume, light weight, high strength and good energy-saving effect. Low grade silicon carbide (containing about 85% SiC) is an excellent deoxidizer with which steelmaking speeds can be increased, and chemical composition can be readily controlled to improve steel quality. In addition, silicon carbide is used in large numbers to make electrical heating element silicon carbide rods.
Silicon carbide materials have good nonlinear conductive properties, and the conductive mechanism of silicon carbide does not have a unified view at present, but it is certain that: the non-linearity of the voltammetric properties of silicon carbide is caused by the inter-particle contact phenomenon. The resistance of the magnetic field strength regulator can be automatically reduced along with the increase of the electric field, so that the purpose of automatically regulating the field strength is achieved. Silicon carbide is an ideal corona resistant material.
By reviewing the meaning of nonlinear conductive characteristics of silicon carbide, the characteristics of characteristic materials and the testing and calculating methods of the nonlinear conductive characteristics, the nonlinear conductive characteristics of alpha silicon carbide and beta silicon carbide and influence factors thereof are discussed. The former research result shows that for alpha silicon carbide, the coarser the particles are, the lower the resistivity is and the larger the nonlinear coefficient is; the finer the particles, the higher the resistivity and the smaller the nonlinear coefficient; the resistivity and non-linear coefficients of silicon carbide produced by different factories are different for different species.
The alpha-silicon carbide has much lower resistivity and larger nonlinear coefficient than the beta-silicon carbide, and the resistivity and the nonlinear coefficient are directly influenced by factors such as particle size of powder, synthesis temperature, organic matter content of coating and the like.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the SiC content of the SiC powder is greater than or equal to 99%.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass percent of chromium in the chromium powder is more than or equal to 99 percent, and the granularity of the chromium powder is 100-300 meshes.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the titanium powder contains more than or equal to 99 mass percent of titanium, and the granularity of the titanium powder is 100-300 meshes.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granularity of the magnesium powder is 40-100 meshes, and the mass percent of magnesium in the magnesium powder is more than or equal to 99 percent.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the granularity of the copper powder is 100-300 meshes, and the mass percentage of copper in the copper powder is more than or equal to 99 percent; the mass percentage of aluminum in the aluminum powder is more than or equal to 99 percent; the granularity of the aluminum powder is 100-300 meshes.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the iron oxide powder is 50 to 200 mesh and the particle size of the copper oxide powder is 50 to 200 mesh.
Graphite
Graphite is an allotrope of elemental carbon, and the periphery of each carbon atom is linked with three other carbon atoms (a plurality of hexagons arranged in a honeycomb fashion) to form covalent bonds, constituting a covalent molecule. Since each carbon atom emits one electron, those electrons can move freely, and graphite is a conductor. Graphite is one of the softest minerals and its uses include the manufacture of pencil leads and lubricants. Carbon is a nonmetallic element located in group IVA of the second periodic table of elements. Graphite is a carbonaceous element crystalline mineral, and its crystalline lattice is hexagonal lamellar structure. The distance between each of the layers was 340pm, and the carbon atoms in the same layer were 142pm apart. Belongs to a hexagonal system and has complete lamellar cleavage. The cleavage surface is mainly molecular bonds, and has weak molecular attraction, so that the cleavage surface has good natural floatability.
Talc powder
Talc is mainly water-containing magnesium silicate of Talc with molecular formula of Mg 3 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 2 . Talc belongs to monoclinic system. The crystals are in the shape of pseudo-hexagonal or rhombohedral plates. Usually in the form of dense blocks, blades, radial, fibrous aggregates. Colorless transparent or white, but shows pale green, pale yellow, pale brown, or even pale red due to a small amount of impurities; the cleavage surface has pearl luster. Hardness 1, specific gravity 2.7-2.8. Talc has excellent physical and chemical properties such as lubricity, anti-sticking, glidant, fire resistance, acid resistance, insulation, high melting point, chemical inactivity, good hiding power, softness, good luster, strong adsorption power, etc., and since the crystal structure of talc is lamellar, it has a tendency to be easily split into scales and special lubricity, if Fe 2 O 3 Is reduced if the content of (2) is highLow in its insulation.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the fluorite powder, graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder is 100-400 mesh; the mixture of the graphite powder, the talcum powder and the zinc stearate powder is more than or equal to 40% in mass part, and the zinc stearate powder is less than or equal to 30% in mass part.
The preparation of the safe corrosion-resistant exothermic welding flux comprises the following steps:
s1, the high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01-0.5 part of manganese powder, 0.1-5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1-1 part of SiC powder, 0.5-2 parts of titanium powder, 5-20 parts of copper powder, 12-18 parts of magnesium powder, 4-6 parts of fluorite powder, 5-10 parts of copper oxide, 15-25 parts of iron oxide powder, and 1-3 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder;
s2, pressing by a press, wherein when the pressing process is finished, the pressure of the block-shaped exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction is 50-70kN per square centimeter area, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.3-1.5s.
When the briquetting process is completed, the pressure born by the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter is not suitable to be too large or too small, if the pressure is too large, the briquetting strength is too large, the internal stress of the blocky exothermic welding flux is too large, and the welding is easy to cause large splashing, so that the operation danger is large, and the utilization rate of the exothermic welding flux and the quality of a welded joint are reduced; if the pressure is too small, the strength of the pressing block is insufficient, and the blocky exothermic welding flux is easy to crack in the transportation and storage processes; the dwell time is not suitable to be too long or too short, if too short, the briquetting strength is insufficient, and the blocky exothermic welding flux is easy to break in the transportation and storage processes; too long affects the production efficiency of the pressing block and increases the cost.
The invention has the advantages that: the exothermic welding flux has high safety, is convenient to transport and store, has strong corrosion resistance of a welded joint after welding and has high conductivity of a welded wire. The invention adds chromium powder, titanium powder, manganese powder and SiC powder into the traditional iron brazing heat agent, and adjusts the proportion of copper powder in the iron brazing flux at the same time, so that the exothermic flux of the invention achieves the technical effects of strong corrosion resistance of joints after welding and high conductivity of welded wires. The chromium powder and the titanium powder are mixed into the iron-copper alloy in the process of welding metal melting, so that the welding joint has the property of titanium-containing and chromium-containing metal copper-iron stainless steel, and the welding joint has stronger corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.
In the invention, ferric oxide is used for replacing copper oxide in a conventional welding agent, the metal activity of the iron simple substance is larger than that of copper, and the reaction of the ferric oxide for metal exchange is less easy to react relative to the copper oxide. The invention uses ferric oxide as the oxidant of the welding agent, so that the welding flux is safer to store and transport. The use of iron oxide instead of copper oxide as the oxidizing agent of the solder results in a decrease in the copper content of the welded joint as a result of the increased iron content of the welded joint, which results in a decrease in the conductivity of the welded wire. In the present invention we have found that the solder-bonded wire has high electrical conductivity by adding small amounts of high purity SiC powder and adjusting the copper powder content of the solder. The reason is that all beta-SiC powder in the SiC powder is converted into alpha-SiC powder at the reaction temperature of the hot welding agent during welding, and the alpha-SiC powder can be used as a semiconductor material, so that the technical effect of greatly improving the conductivity of a wire to be welded by the hot welding agent is achieved.
The invention adopts the Chinese national standard artificial atmosphere corrosion test GBT10125-1997 to test the corrosion resistance of the welding head. Wherein the corrosion resistance is A grade (no corrosion phenomenon appears on the surface), B (trace corrosion trace appears), C (small amount of corrosion trace appears), D (obvious corrosion trace appears), and E (large area is corroded).
The invention adopts GB/T351-1995 to measure the resistivity of copper wires welded by the flux.
Example 1
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 0.1 part of chromium powder, 0.1 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is used for briquetting, and when the briquetting process is completed, the blocks are putThe heat-welding agent was subjected to an average pressure of 52kN per square centimeter of area on the face perpendicular to the axial direction, and the dwell time was 0.5s. The resistivity was measured to be 0.041 Ω mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class C.
Example 2
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 0.1 part of chromium powder, 0.2 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder, and uniformly mixing, wherein a press is adopted for briquetting, when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure applied to the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 62kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.036Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class C.
EXAMPLE 3
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 0.1 part of chromium powder, 0.3 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is used for briquetting, when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure of each square centimeter of area on the surface of the blocky exothermic welding flux vertical to the axial direction is 59kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.035. Omega. Mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class C.
Example 4
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 0.1 part of chromium powder, 0.3 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder, uniformly mixing, briquetting by a press, and when the briquetting process is finished, averaging each part of the massive exothermic welding flux on a surface vertical to the axial directionThe square centimeter area was subjected to a pressure of 52kN and a dwell time of 1.5 seconds. The measured resistivity was 0.035. Omega. Mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class C.
Example 5
S1, the high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 0.1 part of chromium powder, 5 parts of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate are uniformly mixed, a press is adopted for briquetting, and when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure of the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.051. Omega. Mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class a.
Example 6
S1, the high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 0.1 part of chromium powder, 0.1 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 10 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is used for briquetting, when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure of each square centimeter of area on the surface of the blocky exothermic welding flux vertical to the axial direction is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The resistivity was measured to be 0.048Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class C.
Example 7
S1, the high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 0.3 part of chromium powder, 0.1 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is used for briquetting, and when the briquetting process is completed, the pressure applied to the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction is equal per square centimeter52kN and dwell time of 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.045Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The corrosion resistance was measured as class B.
Example 8
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01 part of manganese powder, 5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate are uniformly mixed, a press is adopted for briquetting, and when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure of the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.050. Omega. Mm 2 ·m -1 The corrosion resistance was measured as class B.
Example 9
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.03 part of manganese powder, 0.3 part of chromium powder, 0.1 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder, and uniformly mixing, wherein a press is adopted for briquetting, when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure applied to the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.045Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class a.
Comparative example 1
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press machine is adopted for briquetting, when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure born by the blocky exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.126. Omega. Mm 2 ·m -1 Measured corrosion resistanceThe degree is class E.
Comparative example 2
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.03 part of manganese powder, 0.3 part of chromium powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of iron oxide powder, and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is adopted for briquetting, when the briquetting process is finished, the average pressure of the massive exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.098Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class a.
Comparative example 3
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.03 part of manganese powder, 0.3 part of chromium powder, 0.3 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is adopted for briquetting, and when the briquetting process is completed, the average pressure applied to the surface of the blocky exothermic welding flux vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.095Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class a.
Comparative example 4
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.03 part of manganese powder, 0.1 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of iron oxide powder, and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is adopted for briquetting, when the briquetting process is finished, the average pressure of the massive exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.045Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class D.
Comparative example 5
The invention relates to a high-safety and easy-ignition blocky exothermic welding flux, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.3 part of chromium powder, 0.1 part of SiC powder, 0.5 part of titanium powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 18 parts of magnesium powder, 4 parts of fluorite powder, 5 parts of copper oxide, 25 parts of iron oxide powder, and 1.2 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder are uniformly mixed, a press is adopted for briquetting, when the briquetting process is finished, the average pressure of the massive exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction per square centimeter area is 52kN, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5s. The measured resistivity was 0.045Ω·mm 2 ·m -1 The degree of corrosion resistance was measured as class C.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01-0.5 part of manganese powder, 0.1-5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1-1 part of SiC powder, 0.5-2 parts of titanium powder, 5-20 parts of copper powder, 12-18 parts of magnesium powder, 4-6 parts of fluorite powder, 5-10 parts of copper oxide, 15-25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1-3 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder.
2. The corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of manganese in the manganese powder is more than or equal to 99%, and the granularity of the manganese powder is 100-300 meshes.
3. The corrosion resistant high conductivity exothermic flux according to claim 1, wherein the SiC powder has a SiC content of 90% or more.
4. The corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage of chromium in the chromium powder is more than or equal to 99%, and the granularity of the chromium powder is 100-300 meshes.
5. The corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux according to claim 1, wherein the titanium powder contains more than or equal to 99 mass percent of titanium, and the particle size of the titanium powder is 100-300 meshes.
6. The corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of the magnesium powder is 40-100 meshes, and the mass percentage of magnesium in the magnesium powder is more than or equal to 99%.
7. The corrosion-resistant high-conductivity exothermic welding flux according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of the copper powder is 100-300 meshes, and the mass percentage of copper in the copper powder is more than or equal to 99%; the mass percentage of aluminum in the aluminum powder is more than or equal to 99 percent; the granularity of the aluminum powder is 100-300 meshes.
8. The corrosion resistant, highly conductive, exothermic flux of claim 1 wherein the iron oxide powder has a particle size of 50-200 mesh and the copper oxide has a particle size of 50-200 mesh.
9. The corrosion resistant high conductance exothermic flux of claim 1, wherein the manufacture of the corrosion resistant high conductance exothermic flux comprises the steps of:
s1, uniformly mixing the exothermic agent, wherein the exothermic agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-30 parts of aluminum powder, 0.01-0.5 part of manganese powder, 0.1-5 parts of chromium powder, 0.1-1 part of SiC powder, 0.5-2 parts of titanium powder, 5-20 parts of copper powder, 12-18 parts of magnesium powder, 4-6 parts of fluorite powder, 5-10 parts of copper oxide, 15-25 parts of ferric oxide powder, and 1-3 parts of a mixture of graphite powder, talcum powder and zinc stearate powder;
s2, pressing by a press, wherein when the pressing process is finished, the pressure of the block-shaped exothermic welding flux on the surface vertical to the axial direction is 50-70kN per square centimeter area, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.3-1.5s.
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| CN109759746B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2021-07-02 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | High-corrosion-resistance aluminum hot welding powder for stainless steel ladle grounding grid |
| CN111097911B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2022-04-26 | 南方科技大学 | Ceramic-metal composite foam material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112077481A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-15 | 北京市金合益科技发展有限公司 | Formula of welding powder for welding flat-belt type copper-coated steel grounding body |
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