CN109330635B

CN109330635B - Multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle and application method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN109330635B
Application number: CN201811363969.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尚华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-07-27
Filing date: 2018-11-16
Publication date: 2024-02-06
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-16
Also published as: CN109330635A

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle head and application thereof, wherein the puncture needle head comprises a split-shaped structure which is made of memory metal and can be opened and closed, and the split-shaped structure is composed of a plurality of conical petals; when each conical valve is closed, the split-shaped structure is a cone-shaped structure; when each conical valve is opened, the split-shaped structure is a cylindrical structure with a plurality of conical notches in the wall, and the center of the cylindrical structure is an open cavity structure. The puncture needle head can well walk in a blood vessel, can accurately puncture the blood vessel wall, and can effectively sample for biopsy.

Description

Multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle and application method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical appliances, in particular to a multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle head and an application method thereof.

Background

Along with the continuous improvement of inspection means and methods, the accuracy of tumor diagnosis is gradually improved, but a large part of tumors still have no typical imaging characteristics and are difficult to diagnose. The correct diagnosis requires three combinations of clinic, image and pathology. Among them, pathological diagnosis plays a key role in the selection of therapeutic regimens. Aspiration biopsy is the primary way to obtain pathological diagnosis. The method of needle biopsy (also called needle biopsy) extracts tumor cells in vitro for analysis. The advantages are that: the method is simple and convenient, can be carried out under local anesthesia in outpatient service, and can greatly improve the success rate of needle biopsy under CT, MRI ultrasound and perspective guidance. However, in the biopsy, the puncture needle is directly penetrated to the tumor part through the body surface by a hard and inflexible puncture needle, and when the tumor is positioned at a deeper part in the body or is positioned at a position rich in blood vessels, the puncture needle is easy to damage or bleed normal tissues of a patient, and the patient is painful and has fear of mind.

Currently, the Seldinger arterial catheterization technique is well established. The technology is guided by clinical imaging medicine (X-ray, CT, MR, B-us and the like), and a special catheter, a guide wire and other fine instruments are inserted into a lesion part for diagnostic radiography and treatment through percutaneous puncture of a vascular approach or an original duct of a human body. The technology adopts a metal guide wire percutaneous blood vessel puncture way to enter a blood vessel to reach a lesion part, the method is simple to operate, has small damage, does not need to suture the blood vessel, completely replaces the previous method of surgical incision to expose the blood vessel, becomes a basic operation technology of modern interventional radiology, and has better effects in blood supply embolism and medicine perfusion of tumors, intra-arterial irradiation, prevention of radioactive injury, chemotherapy, preoperative embolism of tumor blood vessels, vascular acting medicine, alcohol and other perfusion.

The invention adopts the memory metal to form the intravascular puncture needle, the puncture needle enters the tumor part under the guidance of the interventional guide wire by the Seldinger cannula technology, the puncture of the tumor part is realized by deforming the shape of the memory metal into a needle shape, and the tumor cells are extracted through the catheter in the puncture needle. Compared with the traditional puncture needle, the device has the characteristics of small damage to normal tissues of a patient, low bleeding probability and no pain to the patient.

While the method of sampling by passing through a blood vessel into tumor tissue is seemingly simple, the difficulty is very high because the tumor in the body has a certain depth, and when the tumor is to be reached through the blood vessel, the blood vessel needs to be penetrated by a length of two meters, the thickness of the wall of the blood vessel is not uniform, the environment in the blood vessel is complex, and therefore, the requirement of the catheter on the puncture head is very high, and the long blood vessel environment cannot be penetrated by a little careless.

In the biopsy sampling process, the puncture needle is an extremely critical component, because the operator holds the outer end of the body, and the blood vessel needs to pass through the blood vessel with the length of 1-2 meters for sampling, and then the puncture needle is used for sampling, so that the puncture needle is accurately and conveniently operated to penetrate through the blood vessel, puncture the blood vessel wall and enter tumor tissues to sample at a long distance, and the requirement on the puncture needle is extremely high. Moreover, there are inherently many contradictory sites across blood vessels and punctures, such as: when passing through a blood vessel, the damage to the inner wall of the blood vessel needs to be avoided, and the puncture needs to be capable of accurately puncturing tumor tissues.

The puncture needle head not only needs to avoid damaging blood vessels in the blood vessel puncture process, but also needs to accurately puncture the blood vessel wall and enter tissues such as tumors for sampling.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle and an application method thereof, which solve the defects existing in the prior art.

The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:

a multifunctional intravascular tissue penetrating needle, the penetrating needle comprising an openable and closable split-like structure made of memory metal, the split-like structure being composed of a plurality of conical petals; when each conical valve is closed, the split-shaped structure is a cone-shaped structure; when each conical valve is opened, the split-shaped structure is a cylindrical structure with a plurality of conical notches in the wall, and the center of the cylindrical structure is an open cavity structure.

Further, the conical valve is a conical valve which is formed by an arc-shaped surface and has consistent curvature at each point.

Further, all of the tapered petals are uniform in shape and size.

Further, when each of the tapered petals is closed, two side edges of the adjacent tapered petals, which are close to each other, are tightly abutted, and the split petal-shaped structure forms a fully-closed cone-shaped structure.

Further, the tapered petals include trailing ends and tips, the width of which decreases sequentially from trailing end to tip, the diameter of the trailing end being greater than the diameter of the tip when each tapered petal is closed; the tail ends of the conical petals are integrally connected to form an annular ring with an annular structure.

Further, the diameter of the split structure coincides with the diameter of the annular ring when each conical flap opens.

Further, the length of the split structure is 3-10 mm, and when the split structure is opened, the outer diameter of the split structure is 0.4mm, and the inner diameter of the split structure is 0.3mm.

Further, the split structure is a closed or opened deformation according to temperature change.

Further, the temperature T0 is greater than the temperature T1, and when the temperature is T0, the split structure opens, and when the temperature is T1, the split structure closes to form a needle shape.

Further, in the tapered petals, the side edges for abutting against or separating from the adjacent tapered petals are inclined surfaces, and the direction of the inclined surfaces in all the tapered petals is consistent.

Further, in the conical petals, a first flexible layer is arranged on a side edge or an inclined surface which is close to or separated from the adjacent conical petals, so that the connection strength between the conical petals is higher, and the tightness is better.

Further, the second flexible layer is arranged inside the tip end of the conical valve, so that the connection strength between the conical valve is higher and the tightness is better when the split-shaped structure is closed, and the bonding force between the split-shaped structure and the guide tube is enhanced when the split-shaped structure passes through the guide tube, so that the operation effect is improved.

An application of a multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle is characterized in that: the puncture needle head is applied to puncture of blood vessels, tissues or organs in a human body and in biopsy sampling of tumors in the body; the application method comprises the following steps: (1) laser welding the tail end of the split structure with the long tube; (2) At a temperature T0 of 37 ℃, opening the split structure, and then penetrating the intervention guide wire from the free end of the long tube and out of the opened split structure so as to enable the structure to walk in the blood vessel in the body; (3) When reaching the part to be pierced, the interventional guide wire is drawn out, the injector is penetrated from the long tube, and after reaching the puncture needle, the injection needle head injects physiological saline with the temperature of T1 into the split structure, wherein T1 is 5 ℃; along with the injection of the physiological saline, the temperature of the puncture needle gradually decreases, and when the temperature decreases to 5 ℃, the split structure gradually closes, so that the puncture and sampling application can be performed.

The invention provides a multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle and an application method thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:

firstly, one of the important functions of the memory alloy puncture needle is that: during the process of passing through the blood vessel, the split-shaped structure is opened, and the middle part of the split-shaped structure passes through the guide pipe, so that each cone-shaped valve is attached to the outer wall of the guide pipe, and hardly causes any damage to the inner wall of the blood vessel during the passing process; when reaching the part to be pierced in the body, the temperature of the piercing needle head can be changed to enable the piercing needle head to be closed to form a needle shape or a cone shape, the strength and the hardness are greatly improved, and then a plurality of cone-shaped petals are mutually matched to act, so that the vessel wall can be pierced easily, for example, a tumor vessel is pierced and enters into tumor tissues, and biopsy sampling is facilitated. The structural feature well solves the contradiction that the inner wall of the blood vessel is required to be prevented from being damaged in the blood vessel and sharp penetration is required in biopsy sampling. The memory alloy of the needle is constructed so that it has good passage in the blood vessel and penetration of tissue.

Secondly, another important effect of adopting this memory alloy pjncture needle is: if biopsy is taken, after the inside of tissues such as tumor is penetrated, the injection of physiological saline at T1 temperature is stopped, the puncture needle is gradually restored to an open state, the external handheld end is operated to enable the puncture needle to rotate or move in a small range, and as a plurality of conical petals are of conical structures, the opened conical petals can generate a small-range stirring damage effect on the tumor tissues, so that more and more effective tumor tissues can be obtained during sampling, and the biopsy effect is better and more accurate. Therefore, the memory alloy is skillfully adopted to enable the puncture needle to change between opening and closing, so that the processes of penetrating through a long blood vessel in a body, penetrating through a tumor blood vessel, entering a tumor tissue, assisting effective biopsy sampling and the like are well realized.

The technical features described in the present invention are basically used for the two purposes or effects, so that the technical features are interaction and synergistic effect to jointly achieve the effects, and the effects of the technical features can be seen from the detailed description in the specific embodiments.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the split structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention when opened;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the split structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention when closed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the puncture needle according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention when the puncture needle is used at the temperature of T1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a puncture needle after insertion of a guide tube according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a puncture needle according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a puncture needle containing a metallic spiral tube at T0 according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a puncture needle containing a metallic spiral tube at T1 temperature according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the puncture needle according to embodiment 3 of the present invention when opened;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a guide tube inserted at T0 temperature in example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the guide tube inserted at T1 temperature in example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of embodiment 4 of the present invention with the split structures closed together;

fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the split structure of embodiment 4 of the present invention when opened.

In the figure, 1, a split structure, 2, a metal spiral tube, 9, a guide tube, 100, a conical valve, 101, a tail end, 102, a tip end, 103, a long tube, 104, an annular ring, 105 and an inclined plane.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments herein.

Example 1

A multifunctional intravascular tissue penetrating needle comprising an openable and closable split structure 1 made of memory metal including, but not limited to, nickel-titanium alloy, copper-nickel alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, copper-zinc alloy, etc. The split-type structure 1 is composed of a plurality of conical petals 100, and the conical petals 100 can be identical multi-petal conical petals or different conical petals, but the split-type structure 1 has the following structural characteristics whether identical or different: when each conical valve is closed, as shown in figure 2, the split-like structure is a cone-like structure, namely a needle-like structure with one end having a large diameter and the other end having a small diameter; when each conical valve is opened, as shown in fig. 1, the split-shaped structure is a cylindrical structure, the wall of the cylindrical structure is provided with a plurality of conical notches, and the center of the cylindrical structure is an open cavity structure, so that a guide pipe and the like can conveniently pass through.

The split-shaped structure is closed or opened deformation according to temperature change because the split-shaped structure is made of shape memory metal; such as: when the temperature is T0, the split structure is opened, and when the temperature is T1, the split structure is folded to form a needle-shaped, i.e. cone-shaped structure; the temperature T0 may be set to 37 degrees celsius and T1 may be set to 5 degrees celsius.

As a further preferred embodiment, the conical petals 100 comprise a trailing end 101 and a tip 102, the width of which decreases sequentially from the trailing end 101 to the tip 102, and the diameter of the trailing end 101 is greater than the diameter of the tip when each conical petal is closed, as shown in fig. 2; the length of the split structure is 3-10 mm, such as 5mm, and when the split structure is opened, the outer diameter of the split structure is 0.4mm, and the inner diameter of the split structure is 0.3mm.

As a further preferred embodiment, the conical petals are arcuate surfaces with uniform curvature at each point thereon, such that when each conical petal is closed, an outer exactly conical needle-like structure is formed; the stress of each part of the petal-shaped structure 1 is consistent, the intravascular walking is easier, and the damage degree is smaller.

As a further preferred embodiment, the shape and the size of all the conical petals 100 are uniform, that is, all the conical petals 100 are preferably identical, so that the acting force or the bearing force of all the conical petals are identical after all the conical petals 100 are identical, the needle-shaped structure has stronger strength after the split-shaped structure is closed, the needle-shaped structure can be accurately penetrated into tumor tissues, the biopsy sampling is more convenient, and the use effect is good.

As a further preferred embodiment, when each of the tapered petals 100 is closed, two side edges of adjacent ones of the tapered petals 100 that are adjacent to each other are in close proximity, i.e., there is substantially no gap between the adjacent tapered petals, and the split petals form a fully closed cone-like structure. The cone structures formed by the two parts are tightly combined, so that the intensity of the cone structures is higher, the puncturing effect on tissues is better and easier, and the usability is stronger; and the sealing effect is good because the sealing effect is good, and after the low-temperature normal saline is injected to close the sealing effect, the sealing effect can be kept in a continuously closed state by continuously injecting a small amount of normal saline, so that enough time is available for puncturing tumor blood vessels and entering the tumor tissues.

As a further preferred embodiment, the split structure comprises 2-5 conical petals, preferably 3 conical petals or 4 conical petals; the number of the petals is too small, the wrapping force of the petals on the tubular guide tube in all directions is unstable, the walking effect in the blood vessel is poor, and if the number of the petals is too large, each conical petal is too small, so that the strength of each conical petal cannot be achieved.

In use, as shown in fig. 3, the tail end 101 of the puncture needle of the present invention, i.e. the large diameter end, can be connected to a long tube, and the long tube 103 can be a metal hollow tube, a plastic hollow tube, a spiral tube made of metal, a hypotube, etc., and the diameter of the long tube is generally consistent with the diameter of the tail end of the split structure. The length of the long tube needs to be 1-2m long to facilitate its passage through the blood vessels in the body into the tumor tissue in the body. Usually, the outermost sides of the tail ends of the conical petals are connected to form an integral structure, and when the device is convenient to use, the tail ends of the split petal-shaped structures are directly connected with a long pipe, such as welding or threaded connection, and other connection modes can be adopted according to actual needs.

In specific implementation, the method can be divided into the following steps: (a) The split structure 1 is fixedly connected with the long tube 103, when the temperature is T0 (such as 37 ℃), the split structure 1 is in an open state, the guide tube 9 passes through the inside of the long tube and then passes out of the split structure, which is equivalent to wrapping the outer side wall of the guide tube by each conical valve 100, as shown in fig. 4, and then walks from the blood vessel in the body and passes through the long blood vessel to reach the blood vessel of the tumor tissue in the body. (b) The guide tube 9 is withdrawn, and then physiological saline with temperature of T1 (such as 5 ℃) is injected into the puncture needle head through the long tube 103, so that the split-shaped structure 1 is cooled to T1, and then each conical valve 100 in the split-shaped structure 1 is gradually closed together to form a needle-shaped structure or a cone-shaped structure, as shown in fig. 3, after a plurality of conical valves are closely combined together, the strength of the conical valve is increased, and the needle-shaped structure with the tip at the forefront end is formed, so that the closed split-shaped structure can easily and conveniently penetrate through tumor blood vessels into tumor tissues. After entering the tumor, the injection of the physiological saline at the temperature T1 is stopped, the temperature T0 of the puncture needle is gradually recovered, and the memory alloy split structure is opened. Finally, the tissue fluid and tumor cells in the tumor are pumped out through the puncture needle head by a syringe or other instruments.

After the injection of the physiological saline at the temperature T1 is stopped, each conical valve is opened along with the temperature rise, and the front end of each conical valve after opening is pointed, so that the puncture needle head rotates or moves slightly, the multiple conical valves jointly puncture or stir, the damaged tissues at the positions of the conical valves further puncture or stir, the massive structures of tumor tissues are damaged in a small range, the tissues of the parts are conveniently taken out, and when tissue fluid and tumor cells in the tumor are extracted, the effective tissues and the effective amounts can be taken for detection, so that the success rate of the later biopsy is ensured.

Example 2

On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 5, the tail ends 101 of the respective conical petals 100 are integrally connected to form an annular ring 104 of annular configuration. When each conical flap 100 opens, the diameter of the split 1 coincides with the diameter of the annular ring 104. The formation of the annular ring 104 greatly facilitates the use of the piercing needle and its connection with the subsequent long tube 103, and at the same time facilitates the penetration of the guide tube 9.

The annular ring 104 is made of stainless steel, has a length of 4mm and a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm, such as 0.1mm, 0.15mm or 0.2mm. The design of this annular ring is very important in biopsy sampling, and it can provide certain hardness and rigidity for the pjncture needle is more easy to pierce into the tissue, and the precision improves. Too long the length affects the flexibility, so that the walking in the blood vessel is affected, and too short the length cannot reach the strength, thus playing a role in the application; the length can not influence the flexibility of the long tube in the process of passing through the blood vessel, and can assist the split-flap structure to achieve certain strength. The thickness is also, too thick, the flexibility is poor, the thickness of the outer diameter is increased or the thickness of the inner diameter is reduced, the increase of the outer diameter can influence the walking in smaller blood vessels, and the too small inner diameter can influence the passing of the guide tube; too thin an annular ring is not strong enough and has no auxiliary effect on the rigidity of the split-flap structure.

Example 3

On the basis of the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 6-8, the puncture needle also comprises a metal spiral tube 2 with a cavity inside, the metal spiral tube 2 is connected with the large-diameter end (i.e. the tail end 101) of the split structure 1, and the metal spiral tube 2 and the split structure are preferably integrally connected or integrally formed, so that the firmness or strength is higher, and the use effect is better.

The length of the metal spiral tube 2 is 4-10mm, such as 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, etc. The thickness of the metal spiral tube is 0.1-0.2 mm, such as 0.1mm, 0.15mm or 0.2mm, and the thickness is also very important for the coordination of strength and flexibility, and too thick or too thin can influence the walking or strength of the puncture needle. When the pitch of the metal spiral pipe 2 is increased, the length is slightly increased, and when the pitch is decreased, the length is slightly decreased, but the length is within the above range. When the spiral ring in the metal spiral pipe 2 is loosened, the outer diameter is 0.4mm, and the inner diameter is 0.3mm.

The above-described metal spiral pipe 2 is a metal spiral pipe made of a memory metal including, but not limited to, nickel-titanium alloy, copper-nickel alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, copper-zinc alloy, and the like. When the temperature is T0, the pitches of two adjacent spiral rings in the metal spiral tube 2 are increased, the diameters are correspondingly increased, the outer diameters of the adjacent spiral rings are about 0.35-0.45mm, such as 0.4mm, the structure has certain rigidity, the flexibility is increased, the metal spiral tube is suitable for passing long-distance blood vessels, and at the same time, the split-shaped structure 1 is also in an open state at the temperature of T0, as shown in fig. 6; at the temperature T1, the screw pitch in the metal spiral tube is reduced, the diameter is correspondingly reduced, the outer diameter is about 0.3-0.4mm, such as 0.35mm, 0.38mm and the like, and at the same time, the split structure 1 is in a closed state at the temperature T1, so that the blood vessel wall is conveniently pierced, and two adjacent spiral rings are abutted together, as shown in fig. 7, the flexibility is reduced, and the strength is increased.

As a further preferred embodiment, the metal spiral tube 2 is also a spiral structure formed by forming a spiral slit by laser cutting on a memory metal tube so as to have a certain strength while increasing a certain flexibility, and has no elastic force of expansion and contraction, which is essentially different from a spring, and any spring does not realize the function of the metal spiral tube 2 in this embodiment.

As a further preferred embodiment, in the metal spiral tube 2, the width b of the memory alloy sheet forming the spiral coil is 0.3-1mm, the effect of the width is too wide or too narrow, the flexibility is affected if the width b is too large, thus the flexibility of walking in the long-distance bent blood vessel is affected, the width b is too small to have enough strength to pass through the blood vessel for a long distance and reach the tumor tissue, the gap c between two adjacent spiral coils is 0.05-0.2mm when the spiral coil is loosened (i.e. at the temperature of T0), the gap is required to be within the reasonable range, the strength of the gap c is not enough to have insufficient flexibility if the gap c is too small, as shown in fig. 8, therefore, the specifications of b and c are important, and the puncture needle can pass through the long-length blood vessel more stably and rapidly and accurately reach the tumor blood vessel only under the effective matching of the reasonable width b and the gap c. When the pitch in the metal helical tube is reduced (i.e., at a temperature of T1), the gap c between adjacent two turns is less than 0.001mm or is seamless.

As a further preferred embodiment, the pitch in the metal spiral tube 2 decreases and the adjacent two turns are tightly abutted together and the strength is greatly increased at a temperature T1.

When the device is specifically used, the metal spiral tube 2 is fixedly connected with the long tube 103 (such as welding, etc.), when the temperature is T0 (such as 37 ℃), the screw pitch of the metal spiral tube 2 is loose, a gap is formed between the screw pitches of two adjacent spiral rings, the flexibility is good, the split-shaped structure is also in an open state, the guide tube 9 is penetrated out of the long tube, and is equivalent to that each conical valve 100 is wrapped on the outer side wall of the guide tube, as shown in fig. 9 (for the sake of clarity of the drawing, the length of the long tube is short), and then the guide tube passes through the metal spiral tube 2 and the split-shaped structure 1, and as the width of the memory metal sheet in the metal spiral tube 2 is proper with the gap between the spiral rings, the guide tube can keep the required strength and flexibility and pass through the blood vessels with the length of 1-2m to reach tumor tissues in the body. Then the guiding tube is drawn out, physiological saline with the temperature of T1 (such as 5 ℃) is injected into the puncture needle head through the inner part of the long tube, so that the metal spiral tube and the split-shaped structure are cooled to T1, the screw pitch in the metal spiral tube is reduced, the hardness is improved, and meanwhile, each conical valve 100 in the split-shaped structure 1 is closed together to form a needle-shaped structure or a cone-shaped structure, as shown in fig. 10, the tightened metal spiral tube is matched with the closed split-shaped structure, the strength of the tightened metal spiral tube is very high, and the tightened metal spiral tube can easily and accurately penetrate through blood vessels in the tumor to enter the tumor tissue. After entering the tumor, the injection of the physiological saline at the temperature T1 is stopped, the puncture needle gradually recovers the temperature T0, the screw pitch of the metal spiral tube is increased, and the memory alloy multi-valve structure is opened. Finally, the tissue fluid and tumor cells in the tumor are pumped out through the puncture needle head by a syringe or other instruments.

In this embodiment, if the split structure 1 is the structure of embodiment 2, the metal spiral pipe 2 may be connected to the annular ring 104, and the length of the annular ring may be 0.1mm,0.2mm, etc. as long as each conical split is firmly fixed.

Example 4

On the basis of any one of the embodiments 1 to 3, as shown in fig. 11 to 12, in the conical petals 100, the sides for abutting against or separating from the adjacent conical petals are inclined surfaces 105, i.e., one conical petal 100 has two sides, each side being in an inclined surface structure. And the directions of the inclined planes 105 in all the conical petals 100 are consistent, namely, the directions are consistent in a clockwise direction or a anticlockwise direction, so that two inclined planes which are mutually abutted in two adjacent conical petals can be exactly abutted together, namely, one inclined plane gradually inclines from the inside to the outside, and the other inclined plane gradually inclines from the outside to the inside, and the two inclined planes can be exactly abutted together, so that the inner surface and the outer surface of the two conical petals are smooth arc surfaces after being abutted together.

Designed into an inclined plane structure, the width of the side edge is widened, so that the contact area between two adjacent conical petals is increased when the conical petals are mutually abutted, after the split-shaped structure 1 is closed, the bonding strength between the conical petals 100 is higher, and the penetration effect of the needle-shaped structure is better. More importantly, since the side edge is designed as the inclined surface 105, the contact width when the two adjacent conical petals 100 are abutted against each other is increased, so that the physiological saline is not easy to be scattered outside after closing, and the injection amount of the physiological saline can be greatly reduced.

Example 5

On the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, in the conical petals 100, a first flexible layer is provided on the side or inclined surface 105 that is close to or separated from the adjacent conical petals to make the connection strength between the conical petals 100 higher and better, and the sealing performance better can prolong the time of the needle-like or cone-like structure, so that the biopsy sampling is more convenient.

As a further preferable embodiment, the inner side surface of the tip of the conical valve is provided with a second flexible layer so that the strength of the leaning force between the conical valve is higher when the split-like structure is closed, the sealing performance is better, and the bonding force between the split-like structure and the guiding pipe is enhanced when the split-like structure passes through the guiding pipe, so that the operation effect is improved.

The thickness of the first flexible layer and the second flexible layer can be 0.005-0.04mm, and the materials of the first flexible layer and the second flexible layer can be polytetrafluoroethylene and the like.

Example 6

The application of the multifunctional intravascular tissue puncture needle head, the system is applied to the intravascular wall puncture of a human body and the vascular and tissue puncture sampling; the application method comprises the following steps:

(1) At the temperature T0, the screw pitch in the metal spiral tube is increased, the split structure is opened, then the intervention guide wire is penetrated from the free end of the guide tube and passes through the metal spiral tube, and finally the intervention guide wire is penetrated from the opened split structure so as to enable the intervention guide wire to walk in the blood vessel in the body; (2) When reaching the position to be pierced, the intervention guide wire is drawn out, the injector is penetrated from the long tube, and after the injection needle reaches the puncture needle, physiological saline with the temperature of T1 is injected into the metal spiral tube and the split structure, wherein T1 is 5 ℃; along with the injection of the physiological saline, the temperature of the puncture needle gradually decreases to the point ⁵ When the temperature is lower, the screw pitch in the metal spiral tube is gradually reduced, and the split structure is gradually closed, so that the puncture and sampling can be performed.

Use in the puncture of a vessel wall in a human body: for puncturing anywhere in any vessel of the human body, the purpose may be detection, treatment, observation or viewing and the like. If there is congestion in some places, the elimination of congestion and the like can be achieved by puncturing the blood vessel wall in the corresponding place, dispersing the unabsorbed congestion into the tissue and the like.

Application in blood vessel and tissue puncture sampling: it is a blood vessel that passes through a blood vessel into a tissue or organ and then pierces the blood vessel into the tissue or organ, such as piercing an intratumoral blood vessel into a tumor tissue for biopsy or test sampling.

The puncture in this embodiment is to puncture a blood vessel or a tissue or an organ, and the puncture is basically to puncture a blood vessel or a tissue or an organ deep in a human body, because the puncture is easy to be performed on the surface of the human body, the method or the technology in the prior art can be realized, and the puncture is not easy and troublesome only in the deep in the human body, so that the puncture can be applied to the blood vessel, the tissue and the organ deep in the human body. Of course, in use, the piercing needle needs to be connected to the long tube and the guide tube then inserted therein.

Example 7

In order to further study the practical effect of the puncture needle in the present invention, the applicant conducted studies from various latitudes such as the type and length of the blood vessel to be traversed, the traversing time, the damage degree to the blood vessel, the strength of the tip, the sampling time and the accuracy.

The method comprises the following steps: taking a liver tumor sample biopsy as an example: under the guidance of a radiological image, a guide tube passes through a puncture needle head at a temperature of T0 (such as 37 ℃), a guide wire usually passes through a cavity of a long tube and then passes out from the middle of a split structure, then enters a hepatic artery through a femoral artery under the cooperation of the guide wire, the long tube and the split structure, enters a hepatic vessel from the hepatic artery, and finally enters a tumor internal vessel. The guiding tube is withdrawn, the puncture needle is penetrated into tumor tissue through the blood vessel at the temperature of T1 (for example, 5 ℃), then the injection of physiological saline at the temperature of T1 is stopped, the temperature is raised to the temperature of T0, the puncture needle is opened, then sampling is carried out, and biopsy test is carried out by using the taken tumor tissue or tissue fluid and the like.

In the above process, the type of vessel passed: femoral artery-hepatic vessel-internal vessel of tumor.

Length of blood vessel traversed: 1.6 meters.

The puncture needles in examples 1 to 5 were tested as experimental groups 1 to 5, respectively, and finally, the crossing time, the degree of damage to blood vessels, the strength of the tip, the sampling time, the sampling accuracy, and the like were measured.

Comparative example 1: the structure in example 1 was changed to a cone-shaped structure when the flap structure was closed, and no memory alloy was used, so that the process of penetrating into a blood vessel or into tumor tissue was both cone-shaped. During passage through the vessel, the guide tube cannot pass out of the cone-shaped structure, so that it abuts the inside of the cone-shaped structure. As shown in fig. 2.

Comparative example 2: the structure in example 1 was changed to a structure in which a flap structure was opened, and a memory alloy was not used, so that both the vascular penetration process and the tumor tissue penetration process were each a process in which a cone-shaped flap was opened. In the process of passing through the blood vessel, the guide tube passes through the cone structure, and the process of opening the multi-valve cone valve is also adopted when the guide tube penetrates into tumor tissue. As shown in fig. 1.

Comparative example 3: the memory metal coil of example 3 was modified to a spring having flexibility consistent with that of the memory metal coil, and the spring was made of a non-memory alloy, which was consistent with the strength of the metal coil of example 3 at the temperature T0.

Comparative example 4: the memory metal coil of example 3 was modified to a spring, and the spring was made of a non-memory alloy, which was consistent with the strength of the metal coil of example 3 at T1 temperature.

In the above table, 1) the time to reach a tumor vessel refers to the time required for each example and comparative example to reach tumor tissue through the vessel with the long tubes completely coincident; 2) The degree of damage to a blood vessel refers to the condition of a scratch or puncture to the inside of the blood vessel. 3) The tip strength during penetration refers to the force of the head of the puncture needle when the inner wall of a tumor blood vessel is penetrated; 4) The accuracy of puncturing refers to the similarity between the actual site of puncturing the blood vessel and the preset puncturing site, and the higher the accuracy is, the better the superposition effect is and the easier the puncturing is when the puncture is performed for multiple times. 5) The sampling time refers to the time for a sampling device such as a syringe for sampling a sample to sample the sample; 6) Biopsy accuracy refers to the fact that taking an effective amount of tumor tissue can bring the accuracy to 100%, and the reasons for the biopsy accuracy are basically: structural limitations make it weakly destructive to the local tumor tissue, and the effective amount of the removed tumor tissue is too small, resulting in a reduced accuracy of detection. 7) The physiological saline injection amount at the T1 temperature refers to an amount required to be added to close the head and maintain the head closed.

The results for the experimental and comparative groups described above are illustrated below:

example 1: it can smoothly pass through long femoral artery, hepatic artery and the like and enter into tumor blood vessel. The damage degree to the blood vessel is small, the tip strength can ensure that the blood vessel wall is pierced, and the accuracy is high; because the four tips can directionally and locally destroy tumor tissues, the sampling time is shorter, and the effective amount of tumor tissues can be obtained, and the biopsy accuracy is basically 100% (excluding factors such as human operation errors or mistakes during detection).

Example 2: it can smoothly pass through the tasty femoral artery, hepatic artery and the like and enter into tumor blood vessels. The length of the annular ring is not suitable to be too long, which otherwise affects the walking flexibility in the blood vessel, so that the penetration force is slightly lower than that of the embodiment 3, but the annular ring can easily penetrate the blood vessel wall and can be accurately penetrated. Because the four tips can directionally and locally destroy tumor tissues, the sampling time is shorter, and the effective amount of tumor tissues can be obtained, and the biopsy accuracy is basically 100% (excluding factors such as human operation errors or mistakes during detection).

Example 3: it can smoothly pass through the tasty femoral artery, hepatic artery and the like and enter into tumor blood vessels. The device is more flexible than the device of example 2 in walking in the blood vessel, is easy to puncture the blood vessel wall, can puncture for 1 time in many cases, and has high precision, so that the device can puncture for the second time easily when the device is not punctured for the first time. Because the four tips can directionally and locally destroy tumor tissues, the sampling time is shorter, and the effective amount of tumor tissues can be obtained, and the biopsy accuracy is basically 100% (excluding factors such as human operation errors or mistakes during detection).

Example 4: it can smoothly pass through the tasty femoral artery, hepatic artery and the like and enter into tumor blood vessels. The device is more flexible to walk in the blood vessel, can easily puncture the blood vessel wall, has high accuracy and high biopsy accuracy, and has small amount of physiological saline needed to be injected for maintaining the temperature of T1 because of good tightness of the puncture needle.

Example 5: it can smoothly pass through the tasty femoral artery, hepatic artery and the like and enter into tumor blood vessels. The device is more flexible to walk in the blood vessel, can easily puncture the blood vessel wall, has high accuracy and high biopsy accuracy, and has small amount of physiological saline needed to be injected for maintaining the temperature of T1 because of good tightness of the puncture needle.

Comparative example 1: (1) the straight tip structure has great damage to blood vessels and greatly influences the walking time; the guiding tube cannot extend out, so that the guiding tube cannot play a role in guiding the front end, and the walking time in the blood vessel can be greatly prolonged. (2) Because the tip of the device is only one tip, the local damage effect on tumor tissues is poor, so that an effective tumor tissue sample is difficult to obtain during sampling, and the sampling time is prolonged. (3) Because of the long sampling time, sometimes the amount of tumor tissue in the taken sample is too small, resulting in a reduced accuracy. (4) In addition, since the tip of the needle has a large damage degree to the blood vessel, it is necessary to pay extra attention to walking in the blood vessel, and the walking time is greatly increased.

Comparative example 2: (1) because the four tips of the four conical petals are not at the same point but are scattered at four places, the tip strength is small, the vascular wall is not easy to puncture, and even if the vascular wall is punctured, the vascular wall is not easy to penetrate through the blood vessel and enter tumor tissues. (2) Because of the small force at the tip, the force is difficult to control, and multiple punctures are usually required to puncture, the accuracy of puncturing the blood vessel is significantly reduced as compared to example 1. (3) The time for penetrating the vascular wall into the tumor tissue is long, and the vascular wall cannot be penetrated into the tumor tissue even though the vascular wall is penetrated in many times; (4) because the whole puncture needle cannot penetrate through blood vessels to enter tumor tissues, the effective tumor tissues are basically difficult to obtain, and clinical application cannot be performed.

Comparative example 3: (1) the tip of the spring is provided with a certain force, but is connected with the spring, the spring is remotely operated under the action of the elastic force, so that the strength is insufficient, the force point is not easy to control, the spring part is easy to bend under the action of the elastic force, the force is easy to disperse from different directions, the penetration force is greatly reduced, the force of the tip of the spring is small, the difficulty of puncturing the inner wall of a blood vessel is high, and the force can be punctured or even cannot be punctured for multiple times. (2) The accuracy of penetration into the vessel wall is poor, and the difference between the sites of penetration is large, so that each penetration is difficult. (3) Because of the poor precision of the penetration into the vessel wall in different times, the former several penetrations have little assistance to the latter penetration, so the force required for each penetration is consistent, resulting in a substantial increase in penetration time and a substantial degree of damage to the vessel wall during penetration. (4) Because the direction of force is difficult to control due to the elastic force of the spring, the directional destructive power to local tumor tissues is poor, and long time is required for taking effective tumor tissues, so that the stability is poor. (5) Because of the long sampling time, sometimes the amount of tumor tissue in the taken sample is too small, resulting in a reduced accuracy.

Comparative example 4: the reduced toughness results in reduced mobility in the blood vessel and increased damage to the interior of the blood vessel. Even if the strength of the spring is consistent with the strength of the spring at the temperature T1 in the embodiment 3, due to the nature of the spring, the force direction on the spring is difficult to be consistent when the spring is penetrated, the force is generally dispersed in different directions, so that the force of the tip is obviously reduced, the penetrating precision is easy to be reduced, the penetrating time is easy to be reduced, in a word, the penetrating force, the penetrating precision and the penetrating time are unstable, ideal and laborious; the stability is poor when the adhesive is applied; there is also some impact on the sampling time. In addition, since the tip of the needle has a large damage degree to the blood vessel, it is necessary to pay extra attention to walking in the blood vessel, and the walking time is greatly increased.

The data in this example are all averages obtained from multiple experiments. The injury degree within 10 percent can not influence the health of a human body, and the human body can be self-healed after about 24 hours. In addition, the puncture needle in the embodiment of the invention is relatively accurate in the process of puncturing the blood vessel, and can penetrate the wall of the blood vessel only by puncturing one small hole, and the damage in the application can be basically self-healed due to the elastic force and the self-healing force of the blood vessel. In some comparative examples, the damage may be caused during the transmission process, and when the patient is penetrated, the local damage is serious after the patient is penetrated into the blood vessel wall due to insufficient accuracy of penetration or inconvenient force control in a certain direction, and medicines are added for interventional therapy, such as embolic agent, in many cases.

In the present invention, the guide tube may be: the guide tube comprises a stainless steel core and a wire winding layer wrapped on the periphery of the stainless steel core, wherein the wire winding layer is formed by at least one wire winding wrapped on the periphery of the stainless steel core; the wire winding is stainless steel wire winding. The wire winding layer can be coated with a hydrophilic layer, so that the part exposed at the front end of the split structure can walk in the blood vessel more smoothly. The hydrophilic layer may be made of polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone rubber, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, fluorocarbon polymer, polyurethane, etc.

In the invention, when T0 (such as 37 ℃), the split structure is prefabricated into an open state, and the metal spiral pipe is prefabricated into a spiral loosening state; then, at the time of T1 (such as 5 ℃), prefabricating the split structure into a closed state, prefabricating the metal spiral pipe into a screwed state, and referring to the prior art, the specific prefabricating method can be realized.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional intravascular tissue penetrating needle, characterized by: the puncture needle head comprises an openable split structure made of memory metal, wherein the split structure is composed of a plurality of conical petals;

when each conical valve is closed, the split-shaped structure is a cone-shaped structure;

when each conical valve is opened, the split-shaped structure is a cylindrical structure with a plurality of conical notches in the wall, and the center of the cylindrical structure is an open cavity structure;

the conical valve is a conical valve which is formed by arc surfaces and has consistent curvature at each point;

the shape and the size of all the conical petals are consistent;

the tapered petals comprise tail ends and tip ends, the widths of the tail ends and the tip ends sequentially decrease, and when each tapered petal is closed, the diameter of the tail ends is larger than that of the tip ends;

when each conical valve is closed, two side edges of two adjacent conical valves, which are close to each other, are tightly abutted, and the split-valve-shaped structure forms a totally-enclosed cone-shaped structure;

the tail ends of the conical petals are integrally connected to form an annular ring with an annular structure; when each conical valve is opened, the diameter of the split structure is consistent with the diameter of the annular ring;

the length of the split structure is 3-10 mm, the outer diameter of the split structure is 0.4mm when the split structure is opened, and the inner diameter of the split structure is 0.3mm; the split structure is closed or opened deformation according to temperature change;

the temperature T0 is greater than the temperature T1, when the temperature is T0, the split structure is opened, and when the temperature is T1, the split structure is closed to form a needle shape.

2. The multifunctional intravascular tissue penetration needle of claim 1, wherein: in the conical petals, the side edges for abutting against or separating from the adjacent conical petals are inclined surfaces, and the direction of the inclined surfaces in all the conical petals is consistent.

3. The multifunctional intravascular tissue penetration needle of claim 2, wherein: the side edges or inclined planes, which are close to or separated from the adjacent conical petals, of the conical petals are provided with first flexible layers, so that the connection strength between the conical petals is higher, and the tightness is better;

the second flexible layer is arranged inside the tip end of the conical valve, so that the connection strength between the conical valve is higher and the tightness is better when the split-shaped structure is closed, and the bonding force between the split-shaped structure and the guide tube is enhanced when the split-shaped structure passes through the guide tube, so that the operation effect is improved.