CN109329884A - 一种n-亚硝胺抑制剂及其阻断n-亚硝胺生成的方法 - Google Patents
一种n-亚硝胺抑制剂及其阻断n-亚硝胺生成的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329884A CN109329884A CN201811174383.9A CN201811174383A CN109329884A CN 109329884 A CN109329884 A CN 109329884A CN 201811174383 A CN201811174383 A CN 201811174383A CN 109329884 A CN109329884 A CN 109329884A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
- A23L29/045—Organic compounds containing nitrogen as heteroatom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/06—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Microbiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,为了解决目前肉制品中N‑亚硝胺残留量的问题,提供了一种N‑亚硝胺抑制剂及其阻断N‑亚硝胺生成的方法。所述N‑亚硝胺抑制剂由抗坏血酸钠、葡萄籽提取物、烟酰胺和辅酶Q10混合制备而成,各原料在亚硝化反应体系中的浓度分别为:抗坏血酸钠20mg/L、葡萄籽提取物100mg/L、烟酰胺60mg/L、以及辅酶Q10100mg/L。为肉制品加工中N‑亚硝胺抑制剂的开发提供基础依据,为降低肉制品加工过程中N‑亚硝胺的形成提供技术支持。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种N-亚硝胺抑制剂及其阻断N-亚硝胺生成的方法。
背景技术
亚硝酸盐因其具有发色、抑菌、抗氧化等功能被广泛应用于肉制品加工过程中,但亚硝酸盐能与肉制品中存在的二级胺类物质发生系列反应生成一类化合物N-亚硝胺,N-亚硝胺基本可以分为挥发性N-亚硝胺和不挥发性N-亚硝胺两类,肉制品中常见的挥发性N-亚硝胺有N-二甲基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA)、N-二乙基亚硝胺(N-nitrosodiethylamine)、N-亚硝基哌啶(N-nitrosopiperidine)、N-亚硝基吡咯烷(N-nitrosopyrrolidine)等,其中NDMA、NDEA、NPYR等被认为具有较强的致癌性,其可以通过使DNA和RNA发生碱基化和烷基化从而引发机体多处组织器官发生癌变。因此,降低N-亚硝胺残留量对提高肉制品的安全性有着重要意义。
对于降低肉制品中N-亚硝胺残留量的方法主要有以下两种,一种是降解产品中已经形成的N-亚硝胺,另一种则是通过添加亚硝化抑制剂来阻断N-亚硝胺的形成。部分抗氧化剂因其具有强的抗氧化性,故被作为亚硝化抑制剂来抑制N-亚硝胺的形成。抗坏血酸(VC)是一种常见的抗氧化剂,此前已有研究表明抗坏血酸对N-亚硝胺的形成能起到一定的阻断作用。邢必亮等研究表明VC的加入可以抑制腌肉中N-二甲基亚硝胺的形成;尹立辉等研究表明VC对腊肠中的N-亚硝胺形成有一定的抑制效果。究其原因可能是VC能与N-亚硝胺底物二甲胺类物质竞争与亚硝酸发生反应,通过消耗N-亚硝胺前提物亚硝酸从而起到抑制N-亚硝胺的作用。茶多酚因其具有强的抗氧化性被广泛用于各类肉制品的加工过程中。研究表明,茶多酚具有一定的清除亚硝酸盐的能力。葡萄籽提取物是从葡萄籽中提取分离得到的一类多酚类物质,其抗氧化性是生育酚和抗坏血酸的30~50倍,研究表明将低浓度的葡萄籽提取物加入到肉制品中,不会影响肉制品的风味色泽,且一定浓度的葡萄籽提取物的加入,对肉制品可以起到很好的抗氧化效果。烟酰胺是维生素B3的一种衍生物,是一种强的自由基清除剂,研究表明其可以有效改善皮肤在早期衰老过程中产生的黯淡无光。辅酶Q10具有强的抗氧化能力,可以有效清除自由基,在抗衰老、提高机体免疫力等方面效果卓著。但关于烟酰胺和辅酶Q10清除或阻断N-亚硝胺形成的能力方面却鲜有报道。
发明内容
本发明为了解决目前肉制品中N-亚硝胺残留量的问题,提供了一种N-亚硝胺抑制剂及其阻断N-亚硝胺生成的方法。
本发明由如下技术方案实现的:一种N-亚硝胺抑制剂,所述N-亚硝胺抑制剂由抗坏血酸钠、葡萄籽提取物、烟酰胺和辅酶Q10混合制备而成,各原料在亚硝化反应体系中的浓度分别为:抗坏血酸钠20mg/L、葡萄籽提取物100mg/L、烟酰胺60mg/L、以及辅酶Q10100mg/L。
利用所述的N-亚硝胺抑制剂阻断N-亚硝胺生成的方法,步骤如下:
(1)制备亚硝化反应体系:用25 mmmol/L、pH为6.2的磷酸缓冲盐配制50 mmol/L NaNO2和25 mmol/L的二甲基盐酸盐母液,在离心管中依次加入亚硝酸盐和二甲基盐酸盐,使两者在模拟体系中的终浓度分别为25 mmol/L和12.5 mmol/L,即为亚硝化反应体系;
(2)亚硝化反应:在亚硝化反应体系中加入所述N-亚硝胺抑制剂,将制备完成的亚硝化体系于60℃下水浴1h,取出于冰水中冷却,然后用6 mmol/L的氢氧化钠溶液将反应体系的pH调至13终止亚硝化反应;
(3)检测N-二甲基亚硝胺即NDMA:向体系中加入5 mL二氯甲烷,充分振荡2 min,4℃,10,000×g离心5 min,吸取下层清亮部分,滤膜过滤后装入样品瓶中,气相色谱仪测定,计算NDMA抑制率,计算方法为:。
所述气相色谱条件为:进样口温度250℃;检测器温度330℃;载气流速为:6 mL/min;空气流速为 60 mL/min;H2流速为3 mL/min;分流模式:不分流进样;进样量1 μL;利用安捷伦工作站对色谱图进行分析及数据处理,采用保留时间进行定性,外标法进行定量。
本发明采用体外模拟反应及亚硝化反应体系,探究在N-二甲基亚硝胺底物(亚硝酸盐和二甲胺盐酸盐)的存在下,抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺、葡萄籽提取物、茶多酚、辅酶Q10的加入对模拟体系中N-二甲基亚硝胺形成量的影响。首先采用单因素实验分析不同浓度梯度(0.01%~5%)的四种抗氧化剂单独加入对模拟体系中N-二甲基亚硝胺形成的影响,在单因素水平试验结果基础上,又进一步设计五因素四水平正交实验,研究抗氧化剂的复配添加对模拟体系中N-二甲基亚硝胺形成的影响,最终找出一种阻断N-二甲基亚硝胺形成的亚硝化抑制剂。本发明为肉制品加工中N-亚硝胺抑制剂的开发提供基础依据,为降低肉制品加工过程中N-亚硝胺的形成提供技术支持。
附图说明
图1为烟酰胺浓度对N-二甲基亚硝胺形成的影响结果图;图2为抗坏血酸钠浓度对模拟体系中NDMA抑制率的影响结果图;图3为茶多酚浓度对模拟体系中NDMA形成的影响结果图;图4为葡萄籽提取物浓度对NDMA形成的影响结果图;图5为辅酶Q10浓度对NDMA形成的影响结果图。
具体实施方式
一、材料与方法
1.试剂与仪器:磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、NaOH、二甲胺盐酸盐(DMA·HCl)、亚硝酸盐、二氯甲烷等(均为分析纯),国药集团化学试剂有限公司;抗坏血酸钠、葡萄籽提取物、茶多酚,上海蓝季科技发展有限公司;烟酰胺、麦克林试剂;水溶性辅酶Q10、罗恩试剂;NDMA(色谱纯),美国AccuStandard公司。
Agilent7890A气相色谱仪,美国Agilent公司;ST 40R离心机,美国Thermo公司;STARTER3100酸度计,美国OHAUS公司;XMTD-4000电热恒温水浴锅,上海科恒实业发展有限公司。
2.试验方法
(1)体外亚硝化模拟乳化体系的制备:参照文献《Kuniyuki T, Toshiko H, Tomoe N,et al. Inhibition of Nnitrosation of secondary amines in vitro by teaextracts andcatechins[J]. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis,1998, 412:91-98.》的方法,采用体外模拟条件及亚硝化反应体系,用25 mmmol/L、pH为6.2的磷酸缓冲盐配制50 mmol/L NaNO2和25 mmol/L的二甲基盐酸盐母液。在离心管中依次加入亚硝酸盐和二甲基盐酸盐,使两者在模拟体系中的终浓度分别为25 mmol/L和12.5mmol/L,再将不同浓度(0.01%、0.03%、0.05%、0.1%、0.5%、1%、5%)的四种抗氧化剂分别加入模拟体系中,同时做对照组(不添加亚硝化抑制剂),分析抗氧化剂的单独添加对N-二甲基亚硝胺形成的影响。将制备完成的亚硝化体系于60℃下水浴1h,取出于冰水中迅速冷却,然后使用6mmol/L的氢氧化钠溶液将反应体系的pH调至13终止亚硝化反应,接着向离心管中加入5 mL二氯甲烷,充分振荡2 min,离心5 min(4℃,10,000×g),吸取下层清亮部分,过滤膜后装入样品瓶中,待上机测定。
3.正交试验设计:在单因素实验的基础上,设计五因素四水平的正交实验,研究不同浓度抗氧化剂的复配使用对N-二甲基亚硝胺形成的影响。正交实验中亚硝酸盐和二甲胺盐酸盐的浓度分别为22.5 mmol/L、11.25 mmol/L,反应温度为60℃,水浴时间1h,pH:6.2。因素水平编码表见表1所示。
表1 因素水平编码表
4.NDMA抑制率的计算:
。
5.N-亚硝胺的测定方法:气相色谱条件为:进样口温度250℃;检测器温度330℃;载气流速为:6 mL/min;空气流速为 60 mL/min;H2流速为3 mL/min。分流模式:不分流进样;进样量1 μL。利用安捷伦工作站对色谱图进行分析及数据处理,采用保留时间进行定性,外标法进行定量。
6.数据统计分析:采用Microsoft Excel 2016进行指标的基本运算,使用Origin9.0作图。试验均重复三次。
二、结果:
1.单因素实验:
A、烟酰胺浓度对NDMA形成的影响结果见图1,图1显示了不同浓度烟酰胺的添加对模拟体系中NDMA抑制率的影响。从图1中可以看出,当体系中烟酰胺浓度变化范围在0.01%~0.5%时,NDMA的抑制率随着体系中烟酰胺浓度的上升呈现出上升的趋势,当烟酰胺浓度为0.5%时,NDMA的抑制率最高为39.81%;当烟酰胺浓度高于0.5%时,NDMA抑制率则随着烟酰胺浓度的升高呈现出明显下降的趋势,且当模拟体系中烟酰胺浓度升至5%时,其对NDMA的形成基本无法起到抑制作用,抑制率仅为0.35%。
B、抗坏血酸钠浓度对NDMA形成的影响:抗坏血酸钠浓度对模拟体系中NDMA抑制率的影响见图2。由图2可知,较低的抗坏血酸钠浓度(浓度在0.01%~0.1%范围内),对模拟体系中NDMA的形成起到一定的抑制作用,当抗坏血酸钠浓度为0.05%时,体系中NDMA的抑制率达到最高值为34.52%。此前也有研究表明,抗坏血酸可以通过竞争与N-亚硝胺的底物亚硝酸/氮氧化物反应,从而阻断氮氧化物与二级胺的亚硝化反应的进行,达到抑制N-亚硝胺形成的目的,本实验与其得到的结论一致。但从图2可以看出,抗坏血酸钠的浓度也并不是越高越好,当其浓度高于0.1%时,随着体系中抗坏血酸钠浓度的不断上升,其对NDMA的抑制效果呈现出明显下降的趋势,甚至促进NDMA的形成,当抗坏血酸钠浓度为5%时,对NDMA的促进率高达44.81%。实验结果表明低浓度抗坏血酸钠可以抑制模拟体系中NDMA的形成,当抗坏血酸钠浓度高于0.1%时,对体系中NDMA的形成反而起到促进作用。
C、茶多酚浓度对NDMA形成的影响:图3显示了茶多酚浓度对模拟体系中NDMA形成的影响。由图3可知,NDMA的抑制率随着体系中茶多酚浓度的上升总体呈现出下降的趋势。从图3中可以看出,茶多酚浓度在0.01%~0.1%范围内对NDMA的形成有一定的抑制作用,且在0.05%浓度时抑制NDMA的效果最强,抑制率高达24.55%;但当模拟体系中茶多酚浓度在0.1%~5%范围内变化时,茶多酚的添加反而促进NDMA的形成,且表现为随着浓度的升高对NDMA的促进率呈递增的趋势。可能是低浓度的茶多酚可以在酸性条件下与NO2 -发生反应生成醌类化合物,通过清除前提物NO2 -的方式抑制N-亚硝胺的形成。但是醌类化合物的稳定性较差,可与亚硝酸反应生成肟类衍生物,这类肟类衍生物则能与亚硝酸继续反应生成一种亚硝胺促进物。因此当体系中茶多酚浓度过高时,其生成的肟类衍生物浓度会有所上升,与亚硝酸盐的产物NO2 -反应生成更多的促进N-亚硝胺生成的物质,促进物浓度的增加便加速了体系中N-亚硝胺的形成。
D、葡萄籽提取物浓度对NDMA形成的影响:模拟体系中葡萄籽提取物的浓度对NDMA抑制率的影响见图4。从图4可以看出葡萄籽提取物浓度由0.01%升至0.05%时,对NDMA的抑制率表现出增加的趋势(从13.19%增至35.54%)。文献《尹立辉, 马俪珍, 张健斌. 八角和丁香提取物对腊肠中亚硝胺的阻断效果[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2011, (3):177-180.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-6521.2011.03.051.》中表明,一定浓度葡萄籽提取物的添加可以有效降低培根中N-亚硝胺的残留量,究其原因可能是葡萄籽提取物可以捕获自由基,阻断自由基的链式反应,其通过消耗N-亚硝胺的底物,最终抑制N-亚硝胺的形成。当葡萄籽提取物的浓度处于0.05%~0.5%之间时,其对NDMA的抑制率的影响基本趋于稳定。原因可能是葡萄籽提取物羟基上的氢可以将亚硝酸根氧化成亚硝酸,亚硝酸根是亚硝酸盐在酸性添加下转化得到的产物,因为体系中亚硝酸盐的浓度保持一定,因此当体系中亚硝酸根离子被消耗完之后,再增加体系中葡萄籽提取物的浓度并不能继续降低N-亚硝胺的含量。且由图4可知,葡萄籽提取物浓度高于0.5%时,抑制率则随着浓度的增加出现大幅下降的趋势。
E、辅酶Q10浓度对NDMA形成的影响:结果见图5,辅酶Q10的浓度在0.01%~0.05%范围内,随着模拟体系中辅酶Q10浓度的增加,其抑制NDMA的效果有增强的趋势。当体系中辅酶Q10的浓度为0.05%时,NDMA的抑制率最高为15.15%。当体系中辅酶Q10的浓度高于0.05%时,随着辅酶Q10浓度的增加,体系中NDMA的抑制率呈现出负增加的趋势。当体系中辅酶Q10时的浓度为0.5%时,其对NDMA的促进率达到了42.16%。
2.正交实验:正交实验结果见表2,由表2可知,组合9中NDMA的形成量显著低于其它组合中NDMA的形成量,说明抗坏血酸钠、葡萄籽提取物、烟酰胺、以及辅酶Q10的添加浓度分别为20 mg/L、100 mg/L、60 mg/L、100mg/L时可以有效阻断亚硝化反应的进行,抑制模拟体系中NDMA的形成,其抑制率最高为48.472%。组合1、组合8、组合10三组中抗氧化剂的添加对体系中NDMA的抑制率较高分别为28.021%、22.256%、32.328%。其它组合中抗氧化剂的复配使用对体系中NDMA的抑制效果不明显,部分组合中(组合2、组合4、组合11、组合12、组合14)抗氧化剂的添加对体系中NDMA的形成甚至起到了促进作用。表3显示了主体间效应的检测,由表3可知,因素A、B、D、E的P值均小于0.01差异达到了极显著,说明VC钠、葡萄籽提取物、茶多酚和辅酶Q10这四种因素对NDMA形成量的影响差异极显著。因素C即烟酰胺的P值为0.015小于0.05,说明在模拟体系中烟酰胺的添加也可以显著影响NDMA的形成。
表2 正交实验设计及结果
表3 方差分析
3.验证实验:由正交试验得到的抗氧化剂最佳添加量为:烟酰胺60 mg/kg、葡萄籽提取物100 mg/kg、抗坏血酸钠20 mg/kg、茶多酚0 mg/kg、辅酶Q10 100 mg/kg,将此比例的抗氧化剂再次添加至模拟体系中(亚硝酸盐浓度:22.5 mmol/L;二甲胺盐酸盐浓度:11.25mmol/L;反应温度:60℃;反应时间:1h;pH:6.2),在此复配比例下,做三次平行实验,体系中NDMA的三次生成量分别为71 ng/mL、86 ng/mL、83 ng/mL,平均值为80 ng/mL(空白对照组的生成量为162.5 ng/mL),验证试验中的NDMA抑制率为49.23%,与正交实验的抑制率结果差值为0.758%。
4.鱼豆腐中进行验证试验:将相同水平的亚硝化抑制剂添加到鱼豆腐的实际生产中,同时做试验空白(不添加亚硝化抑制剂),分析亚硝化抑制剂对鱼豆腐中NDMA抑制率的影响。
鱼豆腐的制备:鱼豆腐的制作工艺及其各种原料配比参考文献《二次回归正交设计优选阻断NDMA形成的亚硝化抑制剂》(熊凤娇,马俪珍,王洋.肉类研究,2018,32(06):29-34.)所述方法。在斩拌机中先放入微冻状态的冷冻带鱼鱼糜,慢速斩拌,再加入鸡小胸肉高速斩拌均匀,依次加入复合磷酸盐、食盐、乳化浆、大蒜瓣、小料、乳化肥膘、变性淀粉继续斩拌至肉馅细腻均匀即可。将制备好的肉馅蒸15 min成型,切快,于油炸锅中炸至鱼豆腐表面微黄即可。
将本发明所制备的N-亚硝胺抑制剂应用到鱼豆腐的实际生产中,分析亚硝化抑制剂加入对鱼豆腐中NDMA的抑制效果,同时做对照实验(鱼豆腐对照组除了不加亚硝化抑制剂外,其余的原料添加比例与实验组保持一致),进一步验证组合设计的试验结果。
研究发现亚硝化抑制剂的添加可以明显抑制鱼豆腐中NDMA的形成,NDMA抑制率可以达到42.03%(对照组中NDMA含量为6.75 μg/kg,实验组中NDMA含量为3.98 μg/kg),说明本实验通过正交试验所确定的最佳亚硝化抑制剂配比合理可行。
为筛选出合适的亚硝胺抑制剂,本发明首先选取四种常见的抗氧化剂抗坏血酸钠、烟酰胺、茶多酚、葡萄籽提取物、辅酶Q10,分析不同浓度的抗氧化剂的添加对模拟体系中N-二甲基亚硝胺形成的影响。然后在单因素实验的基础上,设计了五因素四水平的正交实验。结果表明烟酰胺、抗坏血酸钠、茶多酚、葡萄籽提取物、辅酶Q10单独添加,其浓度分别为0.5%、0.05%、0.05%、0.1%、0.05%时,对NDMA的抑制率分别达到39.81%、34.52%、24.55%、38.66%、15.15%。正交试验结果表明,当模拟体系中抗坏血酸钠、葡萄籽提取物、烟酰胺、以及辅酶Q10的添加浓度分别为20 mg/L、100 mg/L、60 mg/L、100 mg/L时可以有效降低亚硝化模拟体系中NDMA的形成,抑制率为48.472%。为肉制品中亚硝化抑制剂的筛选提供一定的理论依据和数据支持。
Claims (3)
1.一种N-亚硝胺抑制剂,其特征在于:所述N-亚硝胺抑制剂由抗坏血酸钠、葡萄籽提取物、烟酰胺和辅酶Q10混合制备而成,各原料在亚硝化反应体系中的浓度分别为:抗坏血酸钠20mg/L、葡萄籽提取物100mg/L、烟酰胺60mg/L、以及辅酶Q10100mg/L。
2.利用权利要求1所述的N-亚硝胺抑制剂阻断N-亚硝胺生成的方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:
(1)制备亚硝化反应体系:用25 mmmol/L、pH为6.2的磷酸缓冲盐配制50 mmol/L NaNO2和25 mmol/L的二甲基盐酸盐母液,在离心管中依次加入亚硝酸盐和二甲基盐酸盐,使两者在模拟体系中的终浓度分别为25 mmol/L和12.5 mmol/L,即为亚硝化反应体系;
(2)亚硝化反应:在亚硝化反应体系中加入所述N-亚硝胺抑制剂,将制备完成的亚硝化体系于60℃下水浴1h,取出于冰水中冷却,然后用6 mmol/L的氢氧化钠溶液将反应体系的pH调至13终止亚硝化反应;
(3)检测N-二甲基亚硝胺即NDMA:向体系中加入5 mL二氯甲烷,充分振荡2 min,4℃,10,000×g离心5 min,吸取下层清亮部分,滤膜过滤后装入样品瓶中,气相色谱仪测定,计算NDMA抑制率,计算方法为:。
3.根据权利要求2所述的利用N-亚硝胺抑制剂阻断N-亚硝胺生成的方法,其特征在于:所述气相色谱条件为:进样口温度250℃;检测器温度330℃;载气流速为:6 mL/min;空气流速为 60 mL/min;H2流速为3 mL/min;分流模式:不分流进样;进样量1 μL;利用安捷伦工作站对色谱图进行分析及数据处理,采用保留时间进行定性,外标法进行定量。
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