CN109328738A - For planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub - Google Patents
For planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328738A CN109328738A CN201811361842.4A CN201811361842A CN109328738A CN 109328738 A CN109328738 A CN 109328738A CN 201811361842 A CN201811361842 A CN 201811361842A CN 109328738 A CN109328738 A CN 109328738A
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- cloth bag
- illite
- shrub
- mine tailing
- mixed layer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of for planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub, the main points of its technical scheme are that, modular tree planting bag is a kind of square cloth bag being fabricated to using non-woven fabrics, the top of square cloth bag is unlimited, for illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil and plantation shrub to be added, the bottom of square cloth bag is closed square bottom, the top of square cloth bag sutures a drip irrigation zone, drip irrigation zone is towards the inside of square cloth bag, equipped with weeper, horizontal center position disposes a water inlet pipe on the outside of drip irrigation zone, a single u-shaped suspender belt ring is sewed using geotextiles in square cloth bag outer side center.Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag manufacture craft for planting shrub is simple and easy, it is low in cost, it is suitable for that batch production modular is produced in enormous quantities, it is widely used in the plantation in desert, deserted mountain and highway and cultivates spinney, the cost of afforestation can be substantially reduced and accelerate the period of afforestation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modular tree planting bags, and in particular to a kind of for planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing module of shrub
Formula tree planting bag.
Background technique
Shrub refers to that those do not have apparent trunk, in the short and small trees of epidemic situation comparison of growing thickly, and generally can be divided into sight flower, sees
Fruit sees several classes such as limb, the short and small and xylophyta that grows thickly, is perennial, generally broad leaved plant, there are also confierophytes
It is shrub;Control of desert, afforestation and expressway greening landscape are often based on shrub.
China be influenced one of the countries with the most serious ... by desertification in the world, wherein mainly with desertification quickly grow and
Influence to social economic environment is maximum and noticeable, and China is also the country that a water resource lacks, especially northern, more
It is water shortage, lacks serious degree.Desertification some areas cause railway bed, bridge, culvert damage, make highway subgrade,
Road surface sand, forces highway communication to be interrupted, or even keeps highway discarded, and dust and sand weather caused by desertification influences aircraft and normally rises
Fly and lands.
Green barren hill is the needs to prevent erosion, is afforested other than bringing pure and fresh air, moreover it is possible to contain
Water source is supported, is prevented erosion, massif is not only corroded in soil erosion, but also comes temporarily in plum rain season, and heavy rain invades massif, makes
At big mud-rock flow, the lives and properties of crops and numerous people group are caused with very big loss, green barren hill can
Natural disaster reduction drops to loss to a certain degree.
In recent years, as China's expressway construction puts more effort, the enhancing of environmental consciousness, expressway greening landscape
Attention is increasingly received, while highway is evolving perfect construction, afforesting and beautifying for highway environment is similarly obtained
Corresponding development.
The method of plantation shrub at present, directly plants shrub after mostly using traditional dig a hole greatly, and survival rate is lower, even if
A large amount of water is poured after plantation shrub, these water can not also be stored by planting the soil in shrub cave, and rapid dispersion is to cave
In soil in addition, water resource is caused largely to waste, the shrub survival rate of plantation be still it is relatively low, increase afforestation
Cost and extend afforestation period.
Also there is the method using tree planting bag plantation shrub in the recent period, the soil water-retaining performance selected in tree planting bag is poor, inhales
When water rate is greater than 35%, the soil in tree planting bag is in scattered paste shape, greatly reduces the gas permeability of soil, directly contributes in tree planting bag
The survival rate sharp fall of plantation shrub needs often to pour a large amount of water, causes water resource during planting shrub
Waste.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming shortcoming in the prior art, it is viscous to provide a kind of illite/smectite mixed layer for planting shrub
Native tailing modular tree planting bag.
For planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub by square cloth bag, drip irrigation zone, water inlet
Pipe, illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil and U-shaped suspender belt ring composition.
The illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of plantation shrub is a kind of square being fabricated to using non-woven fabrics
The top of cloth bag, square cloth bag is unlimited, for illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil and plantation shrub to be added, just
The bottom of cube cloth bag is closed square bottom, and the top of square cloth bag sutures a drip irrigation zone, and drip irrigation zone is towards just
The inside of cube cloth bag is equipped with weeper, and horizontal center position disposes a water inlet pipe on the outside of drip irrigation zone, outside square cloth bag
Side center sews a single u-shaped suspender belt ring using geotextiles.
Non-woven fabrics have it is moisture-proof, ventilative, flexible, light, not combustion-supporting, be easy decompose, it is nontoxic it is nonirritant, rich in color,
Lower-price characteristic.
Drip irrigation zone is a kind of plastic conduit, and weeper is equipped on drip irrigation zone, for giving illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing module
The nutritional ingredients such as conveying water source, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and microelement in formula tree planting bag.
Illite can be converted into montmorillonite under certain condition, be initially formed in the conversion process illite/smectite mixed layer mineral this
Intergradient mineral, the main elemental composition of illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing are silicon, aluminium, potassium, calcium and sodium, and China's storage has a large amount of Yi Meng
The reserves of mixed-layer clay tailing, especially Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Shangsi County are especially big, have largely in illite/smectite mixed layer clay mining area
Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing, can not developed and used well;After the acidified processing of illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing, pH
Value control can be improved the utilization rate of illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing, can not only bring good economic benefit, ring 5.0~7.0
Border benefit and social benefit, and be able to achieve and turn waste into wealth.
Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compresses Nutrition Soil by the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing after being acidified, the sludge after acidification, speed
It is molten sodium metasilicate, polyvinyl alcohol, ferrous sulfate, peat, flower ceramsite, high viscous Concave-convex clay rod, biogas slurry, biogas residue, smashed
The materials such as plant fiber, expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite and high hydroscopic resin composition;Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compresses Nutrition Soil
Production method: illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing and sludge are first subjected to acidification, then illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing is compressed and is sought
The ingredient for supporting soil is stirred, compresses, being that illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compresses Nutrition Soil after microwave low temperature sterilization.
U-shaped suspender belt ring is sewed using geotextiles in illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag outer side center, for hanging
It puts and sets illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag in cave.
Geotextiles are water penetration geosynthetics made of being pierced or woven by needle as synthetic fibers, geotextiles strength
Height can keep adequately strength and elongation under dry and wet state, have corrosion resistance, good water permeability and microbial resistance good
Feature.
The technical scheme is that:
1, the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag for planting shrub is a kind of square cloth being fabricated to using non-woven fabrics
Bag, at 400~800 millimeters, the height of square cloth bag is controlled at 300~600 millimeters, square for the side length control of square cloth bag
The top of body cloth bag is unlimited, for illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil and plantation shrub, square cloth bag to be added
Bottom be closed square bottom;The top of square cloth bag sutures a drip irrigation zone, drip irrigation zone diameter control 30~
60 millimeters, drip irrigation zone is equipped with 4~10 weepers towards the inside of square cloth bag, and weeper diameter control is 2~5 millimeters,
Horizontal center position couples a water inlet pipe on the outside of drip irrigation zone, and the diameter of water inlet pipe is identical as drip irrigation zone diameter;In square cloth
Bag outer side center sews a single u-shaped suspender belt ring using geotextiles, and the width of U-shaped suspender belt ring is controlled at 150~200 millimeters, U-shaped to hang
Band top lifts hole width control at 100~120 millimeters, and U-shaped suspender belt ring top hole for hoist height is controlled at 60~80 millimeters,
For lifting in illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag to shrub growing area cave.
2, illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil impregnates after five minutes in water, the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing of sheet
Compression Nutrition Soil is reduced to loose Nutrition Soil quickly, the weight of the weight ratio original compression Nutrition Soil of loose Nutrition Soil after water suction
Increase 5 times or more;Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing, which is compressed, contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and lot of trace in Nutrition Soil
Element is the high-quality Nutrition Soil that a kind of nutrition is complete, fertilizer efficiency is high, nontoxic, sterile, harmless, odorless and water retention property are good,
Nutrient necessary to plant growth can be provided, chemical fertilizer and chemical pesticide are not used, reduce pathogen and pest to plant
The harm of object is conducive to the normal growth and development of plant.
Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compresses Nutrition Soil and applied for " Yi Meng on 08 13rd, 2014 using by the present inventor
The production method of mixed-layer clay tailing compression Nutrition Soil ", Chinese patent Authorization Notice No. are as follows: 104109042 B of CN, authorization are public
It accuses day: on 08 24th, 2016.
3, using the method for illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag plantation shrub:
(1) industrial seedling rearing: in the plantation built-in industrial seedling rearing workshop in shrub region, cultivated in industrial seedling rearing workshop and be suitable for
The shrub seedling grown in desert, deserted mountain and expressway greening landscape.
(2) after shrub seedling enters normal growth and development, she in illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag is transplanted to
After deceiving people layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil, root water is sprayed in right amount.
(3) in shrub growing area construction site, the cave of appropriate depth is excavated as needed, by illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing
Modular tree planting bag is put into cave, and the soil at illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag periphery scene is filled and led up.
(4) during shrub is cultivated in plantation, according to the needs that shrub grows, water source is input to from drip irrigation zone water inlet
In the pipeline of drip irrigation zone, the water in the pipeline of drip irrigation zone is slowly dropped into illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil, and shrub seedling can
To continue to absorb water from illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil and nutrition, during shrub growing, shrub
Root system is very flourishing, can penetrate non-woven fabrics, is constantly deep into the soil of illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag periphery
In earth, it is ensured that the shrub of plantation can fast-growth development be spinney.
It (5), can be by illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag serial or parallel connection group in shrub growing area construction site
It is combined into an integrated greening band, when needing to water, opens the pump switch in plantation spinney region, water source enters water supply
Pipeline, the water in water supply line by water droplet drop by drop uniform and slowly instill her by the weeper in drip irrigation zone
Deceive people to make illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil keep suitable humidity and moisture in layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil.
Shrub growing area construction site, when the shrub in tree planting bag enters the normal growth and development phase, in water supply line
In water source, addition facilitates the nutritional ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the microelement of shrub growth in right amount, passes through the drop in drip irrigation zone
Water hole is transported in illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil, and the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing in tree planting bag compresses Nutrition Soil
When water absorption rate is greater than 80%, keeping wet is not in scattered paste shape, and permeability is still fine, it can be ensured that illite/smectite mixed layer clay
Tailing compresses water, fertilizer, air and heat, microbial activities in Nutrition Soil, is in good condition always, and it is slow to be really achieved retain water and nutrients
The effect released improves the efficient utilization of various nutritional ingredients, creates favorable conditions for plantation shrub, illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing mould
The survival rate of plantation shrub is greater than 95% in block formula tree planting bag.
Shrub is planted using illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag, simplifies the method for tradition afforestation, is reduced
The labor intensity of afforestation, can quickly increase the area of afforestation;During spinney is cultivated in plantation, do not need
A large amount of water is often poured, a large amount of water resource can be not only saved, moreover it is possible to reduce the cost of greening management.
Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag manufacture craft for planting shrub is simple and easy, low in cost,
It is suitable for that batch production modular is produced in enormous quantities, is widely used in desert, deserted mountain and highway plantation and cultivates spinney, it can be with
It substantially reduces the cost of afforestation and accelerates the period of afforestation.
Illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag for planting shrub is also applied for plantation and cultivates arbor and flowers and plants.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag schematic diagram for planting shrub, and Fig. 2 is filled for planting
The illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag A-A direction view of wood, Fig. 3 is the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing for planting shrub
Modular tree planting bag B direction view, Fig. 4 are that the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag tandem compound for planting shrub is
The schematic diagram of one integrated greening band.
As shown in the figure: 1 is square cloth bag, and 2 be illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil, and 3 be shrub, and 4 be into water
Pipe, 5 be drip irrigation zone, and 6 be water droplet, and 7 be weeper, and 8 be water source, and 9 be U-shaped suspender belt ring, and 10 be the top of square cloth bag, and 11 are
The bottom of square cloth bag, 12 be water supply line, and 13 be water source, and H1 is the height of square cloth bag, and L1 is square cloth bag
Side length, H2 are U-shaped suspender belt ring top hole for hoist height, and L2 is U-shaped suspender belt ring top lifting hole width, and L3 is U-shaped suspender belt ring
Width, d1 are drip irrigation zone diameters, and d2 is the diameter of water inlet pipe.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the examples below, for planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing mould of shrub
Block formula tree planting bag: 1, the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag for planting shrub be fabricated to using non-woven fabrics it is a kind of just
Cube cloth bag 1, at 500 millimeters, the height H1 of square cloth bag 1 is controlled at 400 millimeters for the side length L1 control of square cloth bag 1,
The top 10 of square cloth bag 1 is unlimited, for illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil 2 and plantation shrub 3 to be added, just
The bottom of cube cloth bag 1 is closed square bottom 11;The top of square cloth bag 1 sutures a drip irrigation zone 5, drip irrigation zone 5
At 40 millimeters, drip irrigation zone is equipped with 4 weepers 7,7 diameter control of weeper towards the inside of square cloth bag 1 for diameter d1 control
It is 4 millimeters, 5 outside horizontal center position of drip irrigation zone couples a water inlet pipe 4, the diameter d2 and 5 diameter d1 of drip irrigation zone of water inlet pipe 4
It is identical;A single u-shaped suspender belt ring 9, the width L3 control of U-shaped suspender belt ring 9 are sewed using geotextiles in 1 outer side center of square cloth bag
At 150 millimeters, U-shaped 9 top of suspender belt ring lifting hole width L2 control is at 100 millimeters, U-shaped 9 top hole for hoist height H2 of suspender belt ring
Control is at 60 millimeters.
The water pump in plantation spinney region is opened, water source 13 enters water supply line 12, the water source in water supply line 12
8, by the weeper 7 in drip irrigation zone 5, water droplet 6 drop by drop uniformly and is slowly instilled to illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing
It compresses in Nutrition Soil 2, illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil 2 is made often to keep suitable humidity and moisture.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of for planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub, which is characterized in that plant she of shrub
Deceiving people layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag is a kind of square cloth bag being fabricated to using non-woven fabrics, the side length of square cloth bag
Control is at 400~800 millimeters, and the height of square cloth bag is controlled at 300~600 millimeters, and the top of square cloth bag is unlimited
, for illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing compression Nutrition Soil and plantation shrub to be added, the bottom of square cloth bag is closed pros
Shape bottom;The top of square cloth bag sutures a drip irrigation zone, and drip irrigation zone diameter control is at 30~60 millimeters, and drip irrigation zone is towards just
The inside of cube cloth bag is equipped with 4~10 weepers, and weeper diameter control is 2~5 millimeters, horizontal centre on the outside of drip irrigation zone
Position couples a water inlet pipe, and the diameter of water inlet pipe is identical as drip irrigation zone diameter;In square cloth bag outer side center using geotechnique
Cloth sews a single u-shaped suspender belt ring, and at 150~200 millimeters, U-shaped suspender belt ring top lifts hole width for the width control of U-shaped suspender belt ring
At 100~120 millimeters, U-shaped suspender belt ring top hole for hoist height is controlled at 60~80 millimeters for control.
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CN201811361842.4A CN109328738A (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | For planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub |
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CN201811361842.4A CN109328738A (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | For planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN109328738A true CN109328738A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
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ID=65315496
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CN201811361842.4A Withdrawn CN109328738A (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2018-11-15 | For planting the illite/smectite mixed layer clay mine tailing modular tree planting bag of shrub |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201365431Y (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2009-12-23 | 王建军 | Tree planting bag |
CN103081753A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-05-08 | 张帆 | Simple omni-directional stereo planting bag and planting method thereof |
CN104109042A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-10-22 | 广西华科达科技发展有限公司 | Production method of compressed nutrition soil of illite smectite mixed-layer clay tailing |
-
2018
- 2018-11-15 CN CN201811361842.4A patent/CN109328738A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201365431Y (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2009-12-23 | 王建军 | Tree planting bag |
CN103081753A (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-05-08 | 张帆 | Simple omni-directional stereo planting bag and planting method thereof |
CN104109042A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-10-22 | 广西华科达科技发展有限公司 | Production method of compressed nutrition soil of illite smectite mixed-layer clay tailing |
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Application publication date: 20190215 |