CN109326846B - Battery module and use of such a battery module - Google Patents

Battery module and use of such a battery module Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109326846B
CN109326846B CN201810859599.2A CN201810859599A CN109326846B CN 109326846 B CN109326846 B CN 109326846B CN 201810859599 A CN201810859599 A CN 201810859599A CN 109326846 B CN109326846 B CN 109326846B
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Prior art keywords
plastic
battery module
heat
module according
battery
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CN201810859599.2A
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CN109326846A (en
Inventor
T·克勒
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554Rods or plates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a battery module, comprising: at least one battery cell (2), in particular a lithium ion battery cell, and a cooling plate (3) which is in heat-conducting connection with the at least one battery cell (2), wherein a heat equalization layer (4) which is designed to increase the heat-conducting capacity between the at least one battery cell (2) and the cooling plate (3) is also arranged between the at least one battery cell (2) and the cooling plate (3), wherein the heat equalization layer (4) is designed from a base material (5) and further comprises at least one plastic (6) which has a melting temperature of more than 50 ℃.

Description

Battery module and use of such a battery module
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery module comprising at least one battery cell and a cooling plate in heat-conducting connection with the at least one battery cell. Furthermore, the invention also relates to the use of the battery module.
Background
As is known from the prior art, a battery module can be composed of a plurality of individual battery cells, which can be electrically connected to one another in series and/or in parallel.
In particular in the case of electrically operated vehicles (EV), hybrid vehicles (HEV) or plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV), battery modules are used which comprise energy-rich and powerful lithium ion battery cells or lithium polymer battery cells, wherein the battery modules preferably have approximately one hundred battery cells in order to be able to meet the increased expectations for the driving power.
Based on the chemical conversion process, the lithium ion battery cells or lithium polymer battery cells heat up, in particular when discharging and absorbing electrical energy, so that in order to operate such high-power battery cells in a preferred temperature range, it is also known that the battery module can comprise a temperature control system, which should in particular result in the battery cells not exceeding a predefined temperature.
It should be noted here that the preferred temperature range for lithium ion battery cells is approximately between 5 ℃ and 35 ℃. Furthermore, the lifetime is continuously reduced from an operating temperature of approximately 40 ℃, so that in order to meet the requirements for a sufficient lifetime, the battery cells should be kept in a thermally uncritical (thermisch unkritisch) state below 40 ℃ by means of a temperature control system. Furthermore, the temperature gradient between the different battery cells should not exceed 5K.
For this purpose, temperature control systems are known from the prior art, for example, which use a fluid, such as a water/glycol mixture, flowing through a cooling plate.
Furthermore, it is known from the prior art to arrange a heat equalization layer (thermische Ausgleichsschicht), which is denoted by english as "ThermalInterface Material (thermal interface material)" (TIM), between such cooling plates and the battery cells of the battery module.
If, conversely, the battery cell exceeds a predefined safety-critical temperature, this can lead to a runaway (Durchgehen) of the battery cell, which is referred to as "thermal runaway", and to an expansion, which can be associated therewith, also referred to as "Propagation", which leads to a great safety risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The battery module provided by the invention provides the following advantages: in a reliable manner, propagation protection (Propagationschutz) can be provided during thermal runaway of the battery cells.
To this end, a battery module is provided, which comprises at least one battery cell and a cooling plate.
The battery cells are in particular lithium-ion battery cells.
Furthermore, the cooling plate is thermally conductively connected to the at least one battery cell.
A heat equalization layer is also arranged between the at least one battery cell and the cooling plate, which is designed to increase the heat transfer between the at least one battery cell and the cooling plate.
The heat equalization layer is formed from a base material (Grundmaterial) and also comprises at least one plastic.
The at least one plastic has a melting temperature above 50 ℃.
Preferably, the at least one plastic has a melting temperature above a temperature of 65 ℃.
The at least one plastic in particular has a melting temperature above a temperature of 80 ℃.
Advantageous embodiments and improvements of the above-described device are possible by the measures listed in the disclosure of the invention.
Especially in the case of battery cells having a temperature above 80 ℃, thermal runaway of the respective battery cell is addressed. In this case, for example, a rapid increase in the cell temperature may occur due to an internal short circuit, as a result of which further exothermic reactions may be accelerated and thus, ultimately, the corresponding battery cell may even explode.
Thus, propagation protection is understood herein on the one hand as: further heating of the battery cells beyond a certain, safety-critical temperature is prevented. As a result, the battery cells can be converted again into an unimpaired state and the battery cells are prevented from being out of control.
The direct or indirect heating of the battery cells, which is caused by the battery cells having a safety-critical state, is called heat transfer and also has a high safety-related risk.
Thus, propagation protection is understood here on the other hand as: the battery cells arranged adjacent to the battery cells that have exceeded the determined safety critical temperature are prevented from heating.
With an embodiment of the battery module according to the invention, it is possible here for the thermal conduction path between the at least one battery cell and the cooling plate, in particular for cooling of the at least one battery cell, and also optimized, to be interrupted by a thermal equalization layer penetration (hendurch) in the event of thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell, whereby further thermal conduction via the cooling plate can thus be prevented. It is thus possible to provide a heat equalizing layer with an integrated propagation protection element.
The at least one plastic may be selected from the group of thermoplastics. In particular, the at least one plastic can be embodied here as an Ionomer (Ionomer) which is embodied from ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers (ethylene-metacryls ä ure-coplymeren) and can comprise sodium or zinc ions, for example.
Depending on its design, such a plastic may have a melting temperature of about 70 ℃, 84 ℃ or may also have a melting temperature of 93 ℃. Furthermore, the at least one plastic can be selected here in particular as polystyrene (Polystyrol) having a melting temperature of 100 ℃.
Furthermore, the at least one plastic may be chosen here in particular as polyethylene, for example a polymer chain with a relatively high branching (hochiverigweigt) and a relatively low density polyethylene with a melting temperature of 105 to 125 ℃.
Furthermore, the at least one plastic can be selected here in particular as an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Copolymer (Acrylnitril-Butadien-Styrol-Copolymer) having a melting temperature of 110 ℃.
Advantageously, the base material of the heat equalization layer is constructed from an electrically insulating material. It is thereby possible to construct a defined electrical insulation (elektrische Isolation) between the at least one battery cell and the cooling plate.
Furthermore, the base material of the heat equalization layer can be selected in such a way that, in addition, a sufficient heat transfer capacity can also be produced between the at least one battery cell and the cooling plate.
Expediently, the base material of the heat equalization layer is elastically and/or plastically deformable. It is thereby possible, for example, to compensate for non-uniformities in the arrangement of the at least one battery cell relative to the cooling plate during operation of the battery module.
According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, the at least one plastic has a smaller heat conductivity than the base material of the heat equalizing layer.
This has the advantage that, above the melting temperature of the at least one plastic, the at least one plastic melts and preferably also expands (expanses), so that at least one layer with poor heat conduction compared to the base material can be formed from the at least one plastic within or also above or below the heat equalization layer, wherein the melting temperature is preferably below the safety-critical temperature of the at least one battery cell.
Advantageously, the at least one plastic is arranged within the base material.
This is achieved by: within the base material, at least one layer with poor heat conduction is formed from the at least one plastic at temperatures that exceed safety concerns, as already described.
Advantageously, the at least one plastic is arranged between the at least one battery cell and the base material; and/or the at least one plastic is arranged between the cooling plate and the base material. It is thereby possible to construct at least one layer of poor thermal conductivity from the at least one plastic between the at least one battery cell and the base material or between the at least one battery cell and the cooling plate, as already described, at temperatures that exceed safety concerns.
According to a preferred embodiment, the at least one plastic is embodied here as particles, layers or spheres (Kugel). Whereby different embodiments may be provided.
According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, the at least one plastic is configured in such a way that it has a first shape (erste Form) above the melting temperature and a second shape (zweite Form) below the melting temperature. In particular, the volume of the first shape is at least twice as large as the volume of the second shape. It is thereby possible to reliably provide propagation protection in the event of a temperature that exceeds the safety-critical temperature of the at least one battery cell.
In particular, the at least one plastic has a melting temperature that is smaller than the base material of the equalization layer. A reliable and mechanically stable construction of the heat equalization layer can thereby be provided.
It should also be noted here that, as a whole, not only a sufficient heat transfer capability between at least one battery cell and the cooling plate but also reliable propagation protection can be provided by means of the battery module according to the invention. It should furthermore be noted that after thermal runaway of the at least one battery cell and after melting of the at least one plastic, the original shape of the heat-equalizing layer no longer exists, since by melting the organization structure of the heat-equalizing layer (Gef uge) is altered in an irreversible manner.
The invention also relates to the use of the battery module according to the invention for preventing heat transfer from the at least one battery cell to the cooling plate, in particular in the event of temperatures that are critical for the safety of the at least one battery cell being exceeded.
The battery module according to the present invention can be used not only for battery packs in electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles, but also in mobile entertainment devices and communication devices, but also in fixed memory (station ä rer speed) and in memory for medical purposes, such as in-body battery packs.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in detail in the following description. Wherein:
fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a battery module according to the invention with at least one plastic.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a battery module 1.
The battery module 1 here comprises at least one battery cell 2, in particular a lithium ion battery cell.
Further, the battery module 1 includes a cooling plate 3. The cooling plate 3 is in this case thermally conductively connected to at least one battery cell 2.
In order to increase the heat transfer between the at least one battery cell 2 and the cooling plate 3, a heat equalization layer 4 is arranged between the at least one battery cell 2 and the cooling plate 3.
The heat equalization layer 4 is formed from a base material 5. The base material 5 of the heat equalization layer 4 is preferably formed from an electrically insulating material 7. For example, the base material may be composed of silicone or epoxy and may additionally comprise a thermally conductive filler material (F ulloff) for increasing the thermal conductivity.
Furthermore, the base material 5 of the heat equalization layer 4 is preferably configured in an elastically and/or plastically deformable manner.
Furthermore, the at least one heat equalization layer 4 comprises a plastic 6. The plastic 6 has a melting temperature above 50 ℃. The plastic 6 preferably has a melting temperature above 65 ℃. In this case, the plastic 6 has a melting temperature above the temperature of 80 ℃.
In particular, the plastic 6 has a melting temperature which is lower than the melting temperature of the base material 5 of the heat equalization layer 4.
In this case, the plastic 6 can be arranged, for example, as shown in fig. 1, as spherical particles or else as undefined particles or else as a layer.
The plastic 6 is configured in this case such that it has a first shape 61 above the melting temperature and a second shape 62 below the switching temperature.
The right-hand illustration of fig. 1 shows the following states of the plastic 6: in this state, the plastic forms the first shape 61, and the left-hand diagram of fig. 1 shows the following states of the plastic 6: in this state, the plastic forms a second shape 62.
As can be seen in particular from a comparison of the right-hand illustration of fig. 1 with the left-hand illustration of fig. 1, the volume of the first shape 61 is at least twice as large as the volume of the second shape 62.
Thus, the left-hand diagram shows, in particular, the following states: in this state, the temperature is below the melting temperature of the plastic 6, and the right-hand diagram shows the following states: in this state, the temperature is above the melting temperature of the plastic 6.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a battery module 1, in which a plastic 6 is arranged within a base material 5 of a heat equalization layer 4.
It is obviously also possible here for plastic 6 to be arranged between the at least one battery cell 2 and the base material 5 of the heat equalization layer 4. Furthermore, it is obviously also possible for plastic 6 to be arranged between the cooling plate 3 and the base material 5 of the heat equalization layer 4.
Furthermore, it should be seen from the left and right illustration of fig. 1 that layer 8 is formed beyond the melting temperature of plastic 6 and that plastic 6 is arranged in first shape 61, said layer 8 serving as a thermal barrier (thermischen D ä mm) between the at least one battery cell 2 and cooling plate 3.

Claims (14)

1. A battery module, the battery module comprising:
at least one battery cell (2), and
a cooling plate (3) which is in heat-conducting connection with the at least one battery cell (2), wherein a heat equalization layer (4) is also arranged between the at least one battery cell (2) and the cooling plate (3), said heat equalization layer being designed to increase the heat-conducting capacity between the at least one battery cell (2) and the cooling plate (3),
it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the heat equalization layer (4) is constructed from a base material (5) and further comprises at least one plastic (6) having a melting temperature above a temperature of 50 ℃,
wherein a layer (8) is formed above the melting temperature of the plastic (6), said layer (8) being used for thermal insulation between the at least one battery cell (2) and the cooling plate (3), and
wherein after the plastic (6) has melted, the structure of the heat-equalizing layer is modified by the melting in an irreversible manner, so that the original shape of the heat-equalizing layer (4) is no longer present.
2. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery cells (2) are lithium ion battery cells.
3. Battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one plastic has a melting temperature above 65 ℃.
4. Battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one plastic has a melting temperature above 80 ℃.
5. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that the base material (5) of the heat equalization layer (4) is constructed from an electrically insulating material (7).
6. Battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the base material (5) of the heat equalization layer (4) is deformable in an elastic and/or plastic manner.
7. Battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one plastic has a lower heat conductivity than the base material of the heat equalization layer.
8. Battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one plastic (6) is arranged within the base material (5).
9. Battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one plastic (6) is arranged between the at least one battery cell (2) and the base material (5); and/or the at least one plastic (6) is arranged between the cooling plate (3) and the base material (2).
10. Battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one plastic (6) is constructed as particles, layers or spheres.
11. Battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one plastic (6) is constructed in such a way that the at least one plastic (6) has a first shape (61) above the melting temperature and a second shape (62) below the melting temperature.
12. The battery module according to claim 11, wherein the volume of the first shape (61) is at least twice as large as the volume of the second shape (62).
13. Battery module according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one plastic (6) has a lower melting temperature than the base material (5) of the heat equalization layer (4).
14. Use of a battery module according to one of claims 1 to 13 in such a way that heat transfer from the at least one battery cell (2) to the cooling plate (3) is prevented.
CN201810859599.2A 2017-08-01 2018-07-31 Battery module and use of such a battery module Active CN109326846B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017213250.7A DE102017213250A1 (en) 2017-08-01 2017-08-01 Battery module and use of such a battery module
DE102017213250.7 2017-08-01

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CN109326846A CN109326846A (en) 2019-02-12
CN109326846B true CN109326846B (en) 2024-02-02

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018213546A1 (en) * 2018-08-10 2020-02-13 Audi Ag High-voltage battery for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle
DE102020102206A1 (en) 2020-01-30 2021-08-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Electrical energy storage device with a multilayer wall with a heating device and a propagation protection element
DE102020109872B3 (en) 2020-04-08 2021-03-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Electrical energy store for a motor vehicle and a method for operating such an electrical energy store

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CN104977952A (en) * 2014-04-09 2015-10-14 马勒贝洱有限两合公司 Temperature control device for electrical energy supply unit
DE102014226249A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery system with heat conduction

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CN1580116A (en) * 2003-08-15 2005-02-16 台盐实业股份有限公司 Radiating interface material composition
US8587945B1 (en) * 2012-07-27 2013-11-19 Outlast Technologies Llc Systems structures and materials for electronic device cooling
CN104934654A (en) * 2014-03-19 2015-09-23 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Battery pack with a plurality of battery modules
CN104977952A (en) * 2014-04-09 2015-10-14 马勒贝洱有限两合公司 Temperature control device for electrical energy supply unit
DE102014226249A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Battery system with heat conduction

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CN109326846A (en) 2019-02-12

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