CN109322334A - A kind of construction method of bentonite waterproof pad in underground waterproof engineering - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of bentonite waterproof pad in underground waterproof engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN109322334A CN109322334A CN201710641072.8A CN201710641072A CN109322334A CN 109322334 A CN109322334 A CN 109322334A CN 201710641072 A CN201710641072 A CN 201710641072A CN 109322334 A CN109322334 A CN 109322334A
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- collision mat
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- paving
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
- E02D31/025—Draining membranes, sheets or fabric specially adapted therefor, e.g. with dimples
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bentonite waterproof pad underground waterproof engineering construction method, it is characterised in that mainly comprise the steps of: the rectification examination → coiled material laying → detailed treatment → interim acceptance → protective layer construction → backfill of raw material entry test → base treatment → inspection or next procedure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the realm of building construction, and in particular to a kind of construction party of bentonite waterproof pad in underground waterproof engineering
Method.
Background technique
Bentonite waterproof pad is a kind of waterproof product of novel high science, has very high waterproof and permeability resistant energy, resistance toization
It is strong to learn the agent of erosion, physical mechanics property is stablized, and anticorrosive and durability is high, and constructing operation is convenient and simple, to environment without any dirt
Dye has been widely used in all kinds of architectural engineerings in underground, from the time for only there was only several years is developed with other waterproofs
Material is helpless to the defect generated after construction to be compared, and it is more durable excellent that natural sodium base bentonite persistently plays its waterproofness
It is different.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of bentonite waterproof pad underground waterproof engineering construction method, it is characterised in that main packet
Containing following steps:
Examination → coiled material laying → detailed treatment → interim acceptance is rectified and improved in raw material entry test → base treatment → inspection
→ protective layer construction → backfill or next procedure；
In its chinese raw materials entry test step, selected raw material are as follows:
The bentonite waterproof pad of surface membrane is to be pierced by the natural sodium base bentonite particle of two layers of geotextile package through needle
Made of blanket waterproof roll, adhered to layer of polyethylene film again in collision mat non-woven fabrics side and formed；Cement nail: length exists
The steel nail or nailing gun cement special steel nail of 30mm, for fixing the collision mat of facade；Gasket: with the plastic plate with a thickness of 2mm
Or the galvanized iron sheet with a thickness of 1mm, gasket specification shape is unrestricted, and area coverage point-to-point transmission spacing is 20mm-30mm,
Major function is to prevent cement nail from pounding into firmly excessive and passing through collision mat, loses fixed effect；Plastic foil: thickness is greater than
0.1mm causes strength of cement to reduce and take for preventing moisture in unexpected water or cement protective layer from entering collision mat
Interim precautionary measures；Edge closing bar: suitable for reading concordant with collision mat with the plastics or galvanized iron sheet of 50mm wide, connector uses tack
Docking；
When base treatment, concrete base layer is handled to, yin-yang angle circular arc hard closely knit and smooth and clean to surface, soil property
The compactness of base reaches 0.90 or more, and concrete base layer surface answers smooth, nothing to play husky, scaling and a loose phenomenon, dry tack free
Without ponding；It is being higher than reserved 50mm depth V-arrangement receipts side mouthful at terrace 200mm when vertical foundation construction, will be being pressed after collision mat facade paving
Enter,
The internal corner part that ground the is gone to a grassroots level bentonite clay particle of 5cm or the chamfering that 5cm is made into bentonite, and external corner portion
Position smears in the arc-shaped or chisel in formwork into obtuse angle, and is smeared with cement mortar round and smooth smooth；Collision mat is first laid with bottom plate yin-yang angle
The additional waterproof bed course at place, the width of extra play collision mat are 500mm, and the two sides of corner are respectively no less than 250mm；Extra play is anti-
The fixation of water cushion is followed closely in base with cement nail, and nail spacing is subtracted with 300mm in order to reduce the loss of bentonite clay particle as far as possible
The quantity that few scene is cut；Construction joint and deformation joint position need to add the number of plies of collision mat, and the width of enhancement layer is 500mm,
Seam two sides width is equal, and edge is fixed with cement nail；
After the completion of the cushion construction of mat foundation, the protection wall of 240mm thickness is built, height is identical as bottom plate；Construction bottom plate
Bentonite waterproof pad simultaneously extends to overlap after 15cm to protection wall to be used, and throws away exposed parts plastic film wrapped and with the interim wall pressure of block
Top；Pay attention to reducing the outer sweat of protection wall to the greatest extent when building interim wall, prevents collision mat from meeting water in advance and generate expansion；It is anti-for side wall
The laying of water cushion should be carried out continuously, and at disposable paving to the above 500mm in top plate outer surface, then carry out interim sealing treatment；If
It encounters rainy, taken on the interim covering protection of collision mat surface plastic film being laid with, top when being laid with collision mat
Film is thrown off when construction again, the edge of reserved overlap joint collision mat should take interim sealing treatment, the waterproof layer of exposed parts is also answered
With the interim covering protection of plastic film, effect is to prevent from impregnating in advance that expansion occurs to early；Base treatment finishes and acceptance(check)
The waterproof construction of bentonite waterproof pad is carried out afterwards；
It is not easy to paste the collision mat at closely knit position with base in vertical or facade, it is necessary to take to be added gasket with cement nail and fix
It is allowed to not disengage in situ；The material of elevation and base should be regarded and different for fixed cement nail length, cement nail
Arrangement should be in plum blossom-shaped, and distance should not exceed 300mm in vertical inclined-plane seam crossing between nail, and plane should be controlled in 500mm；
When cement nail penetrates at collision mat, it is necessary to be handled with bentonite waterproof cream；The spacing of cement nail is greater than 3cm, gasket
Should be complete without breakage, the smearing of waterproof is uniform；
Large-area planar laying construction: the collision mat paving of packaging bale and wide cut uses small-sized machine coordinative construction or people
Work is laid with；When laying by bonded fabric side against upstream face under, sequentially arranged by field condition arrangement, subregion point
Block carries out paving construction；Layup sequence should be moved towards with Chinese character pin-shaped shape, avoid not having the laying to overlap each other trend；It is laid with waterproof
Pad should relax naturally and contact with base, should not pleated or hanging placement.It is and vertical after the completion of the collision mat of base plate plane is laid with
Junction will reserve no less than 500mm long overlap blanket, and spooled with PE film package and pushed down with weight, it is ensured that not damage reserved part
It is bad not soak especially, so as to same vertical whole overlap joint；
The lap width of bentonite waterproof pad preferably in 200mm or so, sprinkles sealing at the edge 100mm of overlap joint bottom blanket
Powder, width 50mm, weight about 0.5kg/m, still construction sealing compound is thick by 40mm wide, 12mm when encountering 5 grades of wind-force
Requirement it is uniform in same position, it is continuous to smear together on collision mat；
The vertical paving construction of wall: textile cloth one should be leaned on down wall in facade paving by collision mat, make non-woven fabrics one
Side is towards backfill side.It is closely sturdy with metope when paving is straightened in the reserved collision mat of base plate plane and solid with cement nail
It is fixed secured；
It encounters yin-yang angular position and first to cut the collision mat of width 500mm and do enhancement layer processing, then carry out large area again
Paving construction, layup sequence take from bottom to top progress alien invasion collision mat construction, paving direction should turn-take closure, and as far as possible not
Friendship is not overlapped paving, and overlapping edges are taken by 200mm width edge；With the requirement that 40mm wide, 12mm are thick at overlapping the slot edge 100mm
It is closed with sealing compound.It is also noted that, in lap-joint, lower curtate position collision mat should enter seam in inside to prevent rubbish when backfill simultaneously
In；
When to risers and heavy grade surface paving collision mat, fallen to avoid it from slipping off, in lap-joint's cement nail cushioning
Piece is conscientiously fixed, or is specially fixed with nailing gun, but pitch of nails should be consolidated in addition to connecing in tower with edge in 300mm or so
It is fixed outer, it should also be reinforced every the position 500mm with cement nail among facade.It, can be by collision mat when risers are higher than grade
It is fixed at reserved overlap joint closing in edge closing bar and cement nail shimming, then applies the thick sealing compound envelope of 40mm wide, 12mm again
It closes, mortar levelling is smeared in outside；
Waterproof construction is laid at construction joint: the collision mat that 500mm wide should be arranged at the construction joint after concreting is reinforced
Layer, it is sealed at gap and in extra play edge at 100mm with using 40mm wide, 12mm thick sealing compound, and at sealing compound position
It is fixed with cement nail, the construction at other positions is identical with large area paving technique, construction joint and enhancement layer construction；
Deformation joint is laid with waterproof construction: deformation joint will add the collision mat enhancement layer of 500mm wide, and attached enhancement layer should be spread
Large area collision mat is attached in the following, seam two sides even width is respectively no less than 250mm；At gap and in the edge of collision mat enhancement layer
At 100mm, sealed with 40mm wide, 12mm thick sealing compound, and fixed at sealing compound position with cement nail；
Reinforcement processing at wall bushing: the sundries at wall bushing position is cleaned out, with sealing compound in casing root
Portion is made into the chamfering of 10mmx30mm.The square collision mat for cutting one piece of 400mm bigger than casing diameter, as the enhancement layer at hole,
It strictly punches on collision mat enhancement layer by the size of wall bushing, having dug the waterproof cushion cover in hole on wall bushing, and wears
The part of wall sleeve contact is sealed with sealing compound；
When there are more wall bushings at a position, also sealed with the sealing compound of 20mm thickness between pipe；For vertical
The collision mat that bottom plate passes through pipe top to be adjacent to basal plane it is close smooth, it is non-wrinkled.
Bentonite waterproof pad and other waterproof material junctions way: collision mat does not need to paste with plastics water-proof sheet material
In the overlap joint in base, lap width is no less than 300mm, and plastics water-proof sheet material should be placed on the upper surface of collision mat compared with can
It leans on；
Collision mat and traditional SBS waterproof roll, the water-repellent paints such as polyurethane need to be pasted onto the waterproof material in base
When overlap joint, lap width is no less than 300mm, and collision mat should be pressed in SBS waterproof roll, and the upper surface of water-repellent paints such as polyurethane close
Preferably；
Though which kind of material overlapping part as far as possible at plan-position, edge of the overlapping part away from collision mat at least 100mm,
It is sealed and is compacted with the thick sealing compound of 40mm wide, 12mm.
Bentonite waterproof pad in the construction process can be because damaging caused by many reasons, the imperfect defect of rupture, and discovery exists
It to be filled up in time with bentonite in powder when plane hole, repair breakage with sealing compound in facade；And it is used in damage location
200mm big collision mat, which carries out covering enhancement layer, ensures that securely and reliably, edge is handled by overlap joint requirement；
The collision mat such as reserved in board bottom laying is immersed in water or damages, and needs in contacts baseplate position sealing compound
The chamfering greater than 40mm is smeared, overlapping the collision mat of risers, then carries out the large area paving of facade.Flat vertical inner corner trim connector；
It constructs by design requirement after the paving for completing whole collision mats, to be carried out immediately after inspection reaches qualified regulation
The construction of protective layer, and guarantee not to be flooded stain in construction, protective layer thickness is controlled in 50mm or so.Have in protective layer certain strong
Next procedure is carried out after degree again.Foundation trench will build side wall and protect when backfilling, elder generation's mortar laying when masonry, it is ensured that brick and collision mat it
Between without any gap, all filled by mortar, passed examination carries out the backfill of the peripheral earthwork again.
It must directly be can also be used thin with being sieved through together with the soil contacted when natural earthen backfill within the scope of collision mat 200mm
Sand is filled out；Stone and hard object is not allow for absolutely to hurt with collision mat contact squeeze.Backfill must carry out as required, back-filling in layers layering
Compacting, every layer of thickness control will have certain moisture content that could ram densification reality in 300mm or so, and compactness is preferably up to
0.90 or more.Also paving is wanted to wrap up collision mat outside basement roof, backfilling process is identical with surrounding on plate.
The storage and transport of collision mat will have waterproof and preventing coating protection measure, and storage not directly touched the ground but be padded
Play vertical suspension；It to carry and put down gently when carrying out paving, it, be to the paving blanket of oneself completion when carrying out next procedure or adjacent construction
Carry out protection；It also to prevent from reducing water-proof function because bentonite clay particle loses.Hard object is avoided to pound the collision mat that pressure has been completed, especially
It is that vehicle can not directly roll carpet surface, and the good surface of paving not stepped on arbitrarily and step in upper heap putting material and personnel.Bentonite
Collision mat still falls within flexible material, and is all rigid material with the surface contacted, and concrete cover is it is possible that part
Cracking, mainly provides operating condition for next procedure, crack has no effect on waterproof effect, carries out protection and reduces protective layer to the greatest extent
Cracking.
Natural sodium base bentonite can make main structure and substrate form coefficient underground waterproof coiled material, be naturally to receive base
Bentonite waterproof pad is the optimal natural sodium base bentonite of water-proof function.Its formation is of long duration in underground 100m or deeper, performance
Stabilization can be combined very well with concrete bears various external force jointly.Because natural sodium base bentonite water-swellable can form waterproof
Gel layer, the micropore and crackle of concrete and ground can be chased for a long time.Natural sodium base bentonite is natural receives simultaneously
Meter level inorganic waterproof material, diameter 10nm is below to account for 60%；10nm-50nm account for 35%, 50nm-100nm only account for 5%,
Therefore have unique characteristic and stability: for bentonite because of exclusive expansive force, having must after penetrating into waterproof construction
Must generate < crack of 0.2mm naturally receives base compared with the defect generated after other waterproof materials are to construction is helpless
It is more durable excellent that bentonite persistently plays its waterproofness.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is tiling overlap joint schematic diagram of the present invention on wall.
Fig. 2 is vertical laying schematic diagram of the present invention on wall.
Fig. 3 is laying schematic diagram of the present invention in wall alien invasion and basic inner corner trim.
Fig. 4 is overlap joint schematic diagram of the present invention on facade wall.
Fig. 5 is laying schematic diagram of the present invention at terrace closing in.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is laid with schematic diagram at construction joint.
Fig. 7 is the present invention in deformation joint laying schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is reinforcement processing schematic of the present invention at wall bushing.
Fig. 9 is the present invention and splash guard binding site reinforcement processing schematic.
Figure 10 is that the present invention is laid with schematic diagram in conjunction with water-repellent paint.
Figure 11 is laying schematic diagram of the present invention at damage revamping.
Figure 12 is laying schematic diagram of the present invention in wall and bottom sole plate joint.
Appended drawing reference: 1 is wall, and 1-1 is wall A, and 1-2 is wall B, and 2 be waterproof blanket, and 3 be sealing compound, and 4 be basic bottom
Plate, 5 be basic inner corner trim, and 6 be cement mortar, and 7 be edge closing bar, and 8 be fixed steel nail, and 9 be backfill, and 10 be sealing steel disc, and 11 are
Sealing rod, 12 be wall bushing, and 13 be waterproof material.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of bentonite waterproof blanket (pad) is a kind of waterproof product of novel high science, has very high waterproof
Anti-permeability performance, resistance to chemical attack power is strong, and physical mechanics property is stablized, and anticorrosive and durability is high, and constructing operation is convenient and simple,
Environment has been widely used from the time for only there was only several years is developed in all kinds of building works in underground without any pollution
Cheng Zhong.
1, construction preliminary stage prepares
1), base treatment: substrate surface answers hard closely knit, smooth and clean, yin-yang angle circular arc,；The compactness of soil property base
0.90 or more should be reached, smooth, nothing sand, scaling and a loose phenomenon are answered in concrete base layer surface, recognize undesirable part
True processing reaches hard closely knit, smooth and clean basic demand；Dry tack free is without ponding；It is being higher than terrace when vertical foundation construction
50mm depth V-arrangement is reserved at 200mm and receives side mouthful, will be pressed into after waterproof blanket facade paving.Base just can be carried out by official acceptance is qualified
The waterproof construction of bentonite waterproof blanket.
2) material, used: the bentonite waterproof blanket of surface membrane is swollen by the natural base of receiving of two layers of geotextile package
Blanket waterproof roll made of profit soil particle is pierced through needle, adhered to layer of polyethylene film again in waterproof blanket non-woven fabrics side and
At；Cement nail: length 30mm or so steel nail or nailing gun cement special steel nail, for fixing the waterproof blanket of facade；Gasket:
With the plastic plate or 1mm thickness galvanized iron sheet with a thickness of 2mm, gasket specification shape is unrestricted, between best 20mm-30mm
It is advisable, major function is to prevent cement nail from pounding into firmly excessive and passing through waterproof blanket, loses fixed effect；Plastic foil: thickness
Not less than 0.1mm, for preventing moisture in unexpected water or cement protective layer from entering waterproof blanket, cause strength of cement reduce and
The interim precautionary measures taken；Edge closing bar: with the plastics or galvanized iron sheet of 50mm wide, suitable for reading concordant with waterproof blanket, connector is adopted
Use square butt joint.
3), construction is mechanical: material, which transports, needs vehicle such as: forklift or fork truck, and it includes: nailing gun that hand, which holds tool, tape measure,
Paper knife, ruler, hammer, pliers and spatula etc..
2, work progress technology controlling and process
The construction technology process of bentonite waterproof blanket is: raw material entry test → base treatment → inspection rectification examination →
Coiled material laying → detailed treatment → interim acceptance → protective layer construction → backfill or next procedure.
2,1, the process of deployment control of waterproof blanket
The internal corner part of all bases in underground will be made into 5cm's with the bentonite clay particle of 5cm size or with bentonite
Chamfering, and external corner part should smear in the arc-shaped or chisel into obtuse angle in formwork, and smeared with cement mortar round and smooth smooth；Waterproof blanket is first
The additional waterproof blanket layer being laid at bottom plate yin-yang angle, the width of extra play waterproof blanket are generally 500mm, and the two sides of corner are respectively not
Less than 250mm；The fixation of extra play waterproof blanket is followed closely in base with cement nail, and nail spacing is advisable with 300mm, swollen in order to reduce
The loss for moistening soil particle reduces the quantity of scene cutting to the greatest extent；Construction joint and deformation joint position need to add the number of plies of waterproof blanket,
The width of enhancement layer is generally 500mm, and seam two sides width is equal, and edge is fixed with cement nail.
After the completion of the cushion construction of mat foundation, the protection wall of 240mm thickness is built, height is identical as bottom plate；Construction bottom plate
Bentonite waterproof blanket extremely protects wall and throws away certain length overlaps use in the future, throws away exposed parts plastic film wrapped and is faced with building
When wall bear down on one；Pay attention to reducing the outer sweat of protection wall to the greatest extent when building interim wall, prevents waterproof blanket from meeting water in advance and generate expansion；For
The laying of side wall waterproof blanket should be carried out continuously, and at disposable paving to the above 500mm in top plate outer surface, then carry out interim sealing part
Reason.If being encountered when being laid with waterproof blanket rainy, to take and temporarily cover guarantor with plastic film on the waterproof blanket surface being laid with
Shield, film is thrown off on top again when constructing, the edge of reserved overlap joint waterproof blanket should take interim sealing treatment, the waterproof of exposed parts
Layer also applies the interim covering protection of plastic film, and effect is to prevent from impregnating in advance that expansion occurs to early.
2, the 2, fixing process of bentonite waterproof blanket
It is not easy to paste the waterproof blanket at closely knit position with base in vertical or facade, it is necessary to take to be added gasket with cement nail and fix
It is allowed to not disengage in situ；The material of elevation and base should be regarded and different for fixed cement nail length, cement nail
Arrangement should be in plum blossom-shaped, and distance should not exceed 300mm in vertical inclined-plane seam crossing between nail, and plane should be controlled is in 500mm or so
Preferably.
When cement nail penetrates at waterproof blanket, it is necessary to conscientiously be handled with bentonite waterproof cream；The spacing of cement nail must satisfy
Actual needs, gasket should be uniformly full without damaged complete, waterproof smearing, and inspection method is with eye observation and dipstick metering.
2,3, the large-area construction control of bentonite waterproof blanket
1), large-area planar laying construction: the waterproof blanket paving of packaging bale and wide cut preferably uses small-sized machine cooperation to apply
Work, condition
It is then manually laid with when not having；When laying it is noted that by bonded fabric side against upstream face under.It is suitable
Sequence is arranged that subregion piecemeal carries out paving construction by field condition arrangement；Layup sequence should be moved towards with Chinese character pin-shaped shape, avoid not having
The laying trend to overlap each other；Being laid with waterproof blanket should relax naturally and contacts with base, should not pleated or hanging placement.When bottom plate is flat
After the completion of the waterproof blanket in face is laid with, no less than 500mm long overlap blanket is reserved with vertically integrated place, and spooled with PE film package
It is pushed down with weight, it is ensured that reserved part, which is not damaged, does not soak especially, so as to same vertical whole overlap joint.
The lap width of bentonite waterproof blanket preferably in 200mm or so, sprinkles sealing at the edge 100mm of overlap joint bottom blanket
Powder, width 50mm, weight about 0.5kg/m.Still construction sealing compound is thick by 40mm wide, 12mm when encountering 5 grades of wind-force
Requirement same position uniformly, continuous smear together on waterproof blanket, seeing that Fig. 1 shows.
2), the vertical paving construction of wall: textile cloth one should be leaned on down wall in facade paving by waterproof blanket, make non-woven fabrics
Side is towards backfill side.It is closely sturdy with metope when paving is straightened in the reserved waterproof blanket of base plate plane, and use cement nail
Fixation is shown in that Fig. 2 shows.
It encounters yin-yang angular position and first to cut the waterproof blanket of width 500mm and do enhancement layer processing, then carry out large area again
Paving construction is shown in Fig. 3.Layup sequence take from bottom to top progress alien invasion waterproof blanket construction, paving direction should turn-take closure, and
It does not hand over as far as possible and is not overlapped paving, overlapping edges are taken by 200mm width edge；It is thick with 40mm wide, 12mm at overlapping the slot edge 100mm
Requirement closed with sealing compound.It is also noted that, in lap-joint, lower curtate position waterproof blanket should be in inside, to prevent rubbish when backfill simultaneously
Into in seam, see that Fig. 4 shows.
When to risers and heavy grade surface paving waterproof blanket, fallen to avoid it from slipping off, in lap-joint's cement nail cushioning
Piece is conscientiously fixed, or is specially fixed with nailing gun, but pitch of nails should be consolidated in addition to connecing in tower with edge in 300mm or so
It is fixed outer, it should also be reinforced every the position 500mm with cement nail among facade.It, can be by waterproof blanket when risers are higher than grade
It is fixed at reserved overlap joint closing in edge closing bar and cement nail shimming, then applies the thick sealing compound envelope of 40mm wide, 12mm again
It closes, mortar levelling is smeared in outside, sees that Fig. 5 shows.
2,4, structural detail construction processing
1) waterproof construction, is laid at construction joint: the waterproof blanket that 500mm wide should be arranged at the construction joint after concreting adds
Strong layer, with the sealing compound sealing thick using 40mm wide, 12mm at 100mm at gap and extra play edge, and in sealing compound portion
Position is fixed with cement nail, and the construction at other positions is identical with large area paving technique.Construction joint and enhancement layer construction are shown in that Fig. 6 shows.
2), deformation joint is laid with waterproof construction: deformation joint will add the waterproof blanket enhancement layer of 500mm wide, attached enhancement layer
Answer paving in large area waterproof blanket in the following, seam two sides even width is respectively no less than 250mm；At the gap and side of waterproof blanket enhancement layer
In edge at 100mm, is sealed with 40mm wide, 12mm thick sealing compound, and fixed at sealing compound position with cement nail, see that Fig. 7 shows.
3), the reinforcement processing at wall bushing: the sundries at wall bushing position is cleaned out, with sealing compound in casing
Root is made into the chamfering of 10mmx30mm.Cut the square waterproof blanket of one piece of 400mm bigger than casing diameter, the reinforcement as hole
Layer, strictly punches on waterproof blanket enhancement layer by the size of wall bushing, the waterproof blanket for having dug hole is covered on wall bushing, with
The part of wall bushing contact is sealed with sealing compound, sees that Fig. 8 shows.
When there are more wall bushings at a position, also sealed with the sealing compound of 20mm thickness between pipe；For vertical
The waterproof blanket that bottom plate passes through pipe top to be adjacent to basal plane it is close smooth, it is non-wrinkled.
4), bentonite waterproof blanket and other waterproof material junctions way: waterproof blanket and plastics water-proof sheet material do not need
When the overlap joint being pasted onto base, lap width is no less than 300mm, plastics water-proof sheet material should be placed on the upper surface of waterproof blanket compared with
Reliably, see that Fig. 9 shows.
Waterproof blanket and traditional SBS waterproof roll, the water-repellent paints such as polyurethane need to be pasted onto the waterproof material in base
When overlap joint, lap width is no less than 300mm, and waterproof blanket should be pressed in SBS waterproof roll, and the upper surface of water-repellent paints such as polyurethane close
Preferably, see that Figure 10 shows.
Though which kind of material overlapping part as far as possible at plan-position, edge of the overlapping part away from waterproof blanket at least 100mm,
It is sealed and is compacted with the thick sealing compound of 40mm wide, 12mm.
2,5, the repair process to damaged waterproof blanket
Bentonite waterproof blanket in the construction process can be because damaging caused by many reasons, the imperfect defect of rupture, and discovery exists
It to be filled up in time with bentonite in powder when plane hole, repair breakage with sealing compound in facade；And it is used in damage location
200mm big waterproof blanket, which carries out covering enhancement layer, to be ensured securely and reliably, edge is handled by overlap joint requirement, sees Figure 11
Show.
The waterproof blanket such as reserved in board bottom laying is immersed in water or damages, and needs in contacts baseplate position sealing compound
The chamfering greater than 40mm is smeared, overlapping the waterproof blanket of risers, then carries out the large area paving of facade.Flat vertical inner corner trim connector is shown in
Figure 12 shows.
2, the 6, Construction control of protective layer
It constructs by design requirement after the paving for completing whole waterproof blankets, to be carried out immediately after inspection reaches qualified regulation
The construction of protective layer, and guarantee not to be flooded stain in construction, protective layer thickness is controlled in 50mm or so.Have in protective layer certain strong
Next procedure is carried out after degree again.Foundation trench will build side wall and protect when backfilling, elder generation's mortar laying when masonry, it is ensured that brick and waterproof blanket it
Between without any gap, all filled by mortar, passed examination carries out the backfill of the peripheral earthwork again.
It must directly be can also be used thin with being sieved through together with the soil contacted when natural earthen backfill within the scope of waterproof blanket 200mm
Sand is filled out；Stone and hard object is not allow for absolutely to hurt with waterproof blanket contact squeeze.Backfill must carry out as required, back-filling in layers layering
Compacting, every layer of thickness control will have certain moisture content that could ram densification reality in 300mm or so, and compactness is preferably up to
0.90 or more.Also paving is wanted to wrap up waterproof blanket outside basement roof, backfilling process is identical with surrounding on plate.
2, the 7, protection of bentonite waterproof blanket material
The storage and transport of waterproof blanket will have waterproof and preventing coating protection measure, and storage not directly touched the ground but be padded
Play vertical suspension；It to carry and put down gently when carrying out paving, it, be to the paving blanket of oneself completion when carrying out next procedure or adjacent construction
Carry out protection；It also to prevent from reducing water-proof function because bentonite clay particle loses.Hard object is avoided to pound the waterproof blanket that pressure has been completed, especially
It is that vehicle can not directly roll carpet surface, and the good surface of paving not stepped on arbitrarily and step in upper heap putting material and personnel.Bentonite
Waterproof blanket still falls within flexible material, and is all rigid material with the surface contacted, and concrete cover is it is possible that part
Cracking, mainly provides operating condition for next procedure, crack has no effect on waterproof effect, carries out protection and reduces protective layer to the greatest extent
Cracking.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of bentonite waterproof pad is in the construction method of underground waterproof engineering, it is characterised in that mainly comprise the steps of:
Examination → coiled material laying → detailed treatment → interim acceptance → guarantor is rectified and improved in raw material entry test → base treatment → inspection
Sheath construction → backfill or next procedure；
In its chinese raw materials entry test step, selected raw material are as follows:
The bentonite waterproof pad of surface membrane is to be pierced by the natural sodium base bentonite particle of two layers of geotextile package through needle
Blanket waterproof roll, adhered to layer of polyethylene film again in collision mat non-woven fabrics side and formed；Cement nail: length is in 30mm
Steel nail or nailing gun cement special steel nail, for fixing the collision mat of facade；Gasket: with a thickness of 2mm plastic plate or
With a thickness of the galvanized iron sheet of 1mm, gasket specification shape is unrestricted, and area coverage point-to-point transmission spacing is 20mm-30mm, main function
Can prevent cement nail from pounding into firmly excessive and passing through collision mat, lose fixed effect；Plastic foil: thickness is greater than 0.1mm, uses
In preventing moisture in unexpected water or cement protective layer from entering collision mat, cause strength of cement reduce and the interim prevention taken
Measure；Edge closing bar: suitable for reading concordant with collision mat with the plastics or galvanized iron sheet of 50mm wide, connector uses square butt joint；
When base treatment, concrete base layer is handled to, yin-yang angle circular arc hard closely knit and smooth and clean to surface, soil property base
Compactness reach 0.90 or more, concrete base layer surface answer it is smooth, without husky, scaling and a loose phenomenon is played, dry tack free is without product
Water；It is being higher than reserved 50mm depth V-arrangement receipts side mouthful at terrace 200mm when vertical foundation construction, will be pressed into after collision mat facade paving,
The internal corner part that ground the is gone to a grassroots level bentonite clay particle of 5cm or the chamfering that 5cm is made into bentonite, and external corner part exists
In the arc-shaped or chisel is smeared when formwork into obtuse angle, and is smeared with cement mortar round and smooth smooth；Collision mat is first laid at bottom plate yin-yang angle
Additional waterproof bed course, the width of extra play collision mat are 500mm, and the two sides of corner are respectively no less than 250mm；Extra play collision mat
Fixation followed closely in base with cement nail, nail spacing is with 300mm, in order to reduce the loss of bentonite clay particle, reduces to the greatest extent existing
The quantity that field is cut；Construction joint and deformation joint position need to add the number of plies of collision mat, and the width of enhancement layer is 500mm, seam two
Side width is equal, and edge is fixed with cement nail；
After the completion of the cushion construction of mat foundation, the protection wall of 240mm thickness is built, height is identical as bottom plate；Construction bottom plate swelling
Native collision mat overlaps use to protection wall and after extending 15cm, throws away exposed parts plastic film wrapped and is beared down on one with interim wall is built；
Pay attention to reducing the outer sweat of protection wall to the greatest extent when building interim wall, prevents collision mat from meeting water in advance and generate expansion；For side wall waterproof
The laying of pad should be carried out continuously, and at disposable paving to the above 500mm in top plate outer surface, then carry out interim sealing treatment；If
It encounters rainy when being laid with collision mat, to take in the interim covering protection of collision mat surface plastic film being laid with, top is applied
Working hour throws off film again, the edge of reserved overlap joint collision mat should take interim sealing treatment, and the waterproof layer of exposed parts is also applied
The interim covering protection of plastic film, effect are to prevent from impregnating in advance that expansion occurs to early；Base treatment finishes and after acceptance(check)
Carry out the waterproof construction of bentonite waterproof pad；
It is not easy to paste the collision mat at closely knit position with base in vertical or facade, it is necessary to take and be allowed to cement nail shimming fixation
It does not disengage in situ；For fixed cement nail length should regard elevation and base material and different, the arrangement of cement nail
It should be in plum blossom-shaped, distance should not exceed 300mm in vertical inclined-plane seam crossing between nail, and plane should be controlled in 500mm；
When cement nail penetrates at collision mat, it is necessary to be handled with bentonite waterproof cream；The spacing of cement nail is greater than 3cm, and gasket should nothing
Damaged complete, the smearing of waterproof is uniform；
Large-area planar laying construction: the collision mat paving of packaging bale and wide cut is using small-sized machine coordinative construction or artificial paving
If；When laying by bonded fabric side against upstream face towards under, sequentially by field condition arrangement arrange, subregion piecemeal into
Row paving construction；Layup sequence should be moved towards with Chinese character pin-shaped shape, avoid not having the laying to overlap each other trend；Collision mat is laid with to answer
Natural relaxation is contacted with base, should not pleated or hanging placement.It is and vertically integrated after the completion of the collision mat of base plate plane is laid with
Place will reserve no less than 500mm long overlap blanket, and spooled with PE film package and pushed down with weight, it is ensured that reserved part is not damaged especially
It is not soak, so as to same vertical whole overlap joint；
The lap width of bentonite waterproof pad preferably in 200mm or so, sprinkles sealing powder at the edge 100mm of overlap joint bottom blanket,
Its width 50mm, weight about 0.5kg/m, still construction sealing compound is wanted by 40mm wide, 12mm are thick when encountering 5 grades of wind-force
Ask uniform in same position, it is continuous to smear together on collision mat；
The vertical paving construction of wall: textile cloth one should be leaned on down wall in facade paving by collision mat, make non-woven fabrics side court
To backfill side.It is closely sturdy with metope when paving is straightened in the reserved collision mat of base plate plane, and with cement nail fix tightly
Gu；
It encounters yin-yang angular position and first to cut the collision mat of width 500mm and do enhancement layer processing, then carry out large area paving again
Construction, layup sequence take from bottom to top progress alien invasion collision mat construction, paving direction should turn-take closure, and do not hand over as far as possible not
It is overlapped paving, overlapping edges are taken by 200mm width edge；With the requirement sealing that 40mm wide, 12mm are thick at overlapping the slot edge 100mm
Cream closing.It is also noted that, in lap-joint, lower curtate position collision mat should enter in seam in inside to prevent rubbish when backfill simultaneously；
It when to risers and heavy grade surface paving collision mat, is fallen to avoid it from slipping off, is added gasket and is recognized with cement nail in lap-joint
It is very fixed, or specially fixed with nailing gun, but pitch of nails should in 300mm or so, in addition to tower connect with edge it is fixed other than,
It should also be reinforced every the position 500mm with cement nail among facade.It, can be by collision mat reserved when risers are higher than grade
Overlap joint closing at fixed with edge closing bar and cement nail shimming, then apply the thick sealing compound closing of 40mm wide, 12mm again, it is external
Smear mortar levelling；
It is laid with waterproof construction at construction joint: the collision mat enhancement layer of 500mm wide should be set at the construction joint after concreting, stitches
It is sealed at gap and in extra play edge at 100mm with using 40mm wide, 12mm thick sealing compound, and in sealing compound position cement
Nail is fixed, and the construction at other positions is identical with large area paving technique, construction joint and enhancement layer construction；
Deformation joint is laid with waterproof construction: deformation joint will add the collision mat enhancement layer of 500mm wide, and attached enhancement layer answers paving to exist
Large area collision mat is in the following, seam two sides even width is respectively no less than 250mm；At gap and in the edge of collision mat enhancement layer
At 100mm, sealed with 40mm wide, 12mm thick sealing compound, and fixed at sealing compound position with cement nail；
Reinforcement processing at wall bushing: the sundries at wall bushing position is cleaned out, is made of sealing compound in ferrule boot
At the chamfering of 10mmx30mm.The square collision mat of one piece of 400mm bigger than casing diameter is cut, as the enhancement layer at hole, strictly
It punches on collision mat enhancement layer by the size of wall bushing, the waterproof cushion cover in hole has been dug on wall bushing, with set through walls
The part of pipe contact is sealed with sealing compound；
When there are more wall bushings at a position, also sealed with the sealing compound of 20mm thickness between pipe；For vertical bottom plate
Pass through pipe top collision mat to be adjacent to basal plane it is close smooth, it is non-wrinkled.
Bentonite waterproof pad and other waterproof material junctions way: collision mat and plastics water-proof sheet material do not need to be pasted onto base
When overlap joint on layer, lap width is no less than 300mm, and it is relatively reliable that plastics water-proof sheet material should be placed on the upper surface of collision mat；
Collision mat and traditional SBS waterproof roll, the water-repellent paints such as polyurethane need to be pasted onto the overlap joint of the waterproof material in base
When, lap width is no less than 300mm, and collision mat should be pressed in SBS waterproof roll, and the upper surface of water-repellent paints such as polyurethane are suitable；
No matter which kind of material overlapping part as far as possible at plan-position, edge of the overlapping part away from collision mat at least 100mm, is used
40mm wide, 12mm thick sealing compound is sealed and is compacted.
Bentonite waterproof pad in the construction process can be because damaging caused by many reasons, the imperfect defect of rupture, finds in plane
It to be filled up in time with bentonite in powder when hole, repair breakage with sealing compound in facade；And it is big with 200mm in damage location
Collision mat carry out covering enhancement layer ensure securely and reliably, for edge will by overlap requirement handle；
The collision mat such as reserved in board bottom laying is immersed in water or damages, and needs to be smeared greatly at contacts baseplate position with sealing compound
In the chamfering of 40mm, overlapping the collision mat of risers, then the large area paving of facade is carried out.Flat vertical inner corner trim connector；
It constructs by design requirement after the paving for completing whole collision mats, to be protected immediately after inspection reaches qualified regulation
The construction of layer, and guarantee not to be flooded stain in construction, protective layer thickness is controlled in 50mm or so.After protective layer has some strength
Next procedure is carried out again.Foundation trench will build side wall and protect when backfilling, elder generation's mortar laying when masonry, it is ensured that nothing between brick and collision mat
Any gap, is all filled by mortar, and passed examination carries out the backfill of the peripheral earthwork again.
Directly with the soil contacted when natural earthen backfill within the scope of collision mat 200mm fine sand must be can also be used and filled out with being sieved through together；
Stone and hard object is not allow for absolutely to hurt with collision mat contact squeeze.Backfill must carry out as required, back-filling in layers compaction in layers,
Every layer of thickness control in 300mm or so, and to have certain moisture content could ram densification reality, compactness be preferably up to 0.90 with
On.Also paving is wanted to wrap up collision mat outside basement roof, backfilling process is identical with surrounding on plate.
The storage and transport of collision mat will have waterproof and preventing coating protection measure, and storage not directly touched the ground but be paved perpendicular
To hanging；It to carry and put down gently when carrying out paving, when carrying out next procedure or adjacent construction, the paving blanket to complete to oneself is carried out
Protection；It also to prevent from reducing water-proof function because bentonite clay particle loses.Hard object is avoided to pound the collision mat that pressure has been completed, especially
Vehicle can not directly roll carpet surface, and the good surface of paving not stepped on arbitrarily and step in upper heap putting material and personnel.Bentonite waterproof
Pad still falls within flexible material, and is all rigid material with the surface contacted, concrete cover it is possible that Local Cracking,
Operating condition mainly is provided for next procedure, crack has no effect on waterproof effect, carries out protection and reduces protective layer cracking to the greatest extent.
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| CN111042174A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 中交一公局集团有限公司 | Waterproof construction method for bottom plate of underground structure |
| CN111980181A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 埃米尔·卢蒂安 | Underground windowless dual waterproofing membrane assembly and methods of making and using same |
| CN117264599A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-22 | 山东天平质量检测有限公司 | Preparation method and application of sealing material for concrete impermeability test |
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