CN109321787A - A kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN109321787A CN109321787A CN201811309619.5A CN201811309619A CN109321787A CN 109321787 A CN109321787 A CN 109321787A CN 201811309619 A CN201811309619 A CN 201811309619A CN 109321787 A CN109321787 A CN 109321787A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of aluminum matrix composite, belong to technical field of material.Preparation method: using the metallic particles of plastically deformable as carrier, together with TiH2And reinforced phase carries out ball milling, makes TiH2It inlays and is adsorbed on carrier with reinforced phase, be prepared into foaming mixture；Aluminum or aluminum alloy melt is placed in crucible, under assigned temperature, adds the foaming mixture of appropriate aluminium foil package, and carry out high-speed stirred；Mixing plant is taken out, heat preservation deposition is carried out to crucible；After reaching specified heat preservation sedimentation time, crucible is taken out, and cool down to it, obtain the aluminum matrix composite of foams bottom.Reinforced phase is introduced to aluminium alloy melt using foaming mixture by the invention, solves the problems, such as that hardly possible soaks, is easy to reunite in the direct adding procedure of reinforced phase, effectively reduces the loss of reinforced phase；Meanwhile TiH2The high pressure gas that thermal decomposition generates can promote dispersion of the reinforced phase in aluminium alloy melt, ultimately form aluminum matrix composite.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of material, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite.
Background technique
The rapid development of modern science and technology is so that the service condition of material more becomes complicated, in addition to requiring higher mechanical property
Can be outer, it is also desirable to have good thermal stability, dimensional stability and a series of properties such as antifatigue, wear-resistant.It is single
The engineering material such as one metal, ceramics have been difficult to meet these requirements, therefore it is multiple to develop function admirable, cheap Metal Substrate
Condensation material has become the important goal of various countries' materials industry.
Currently, the preparation method of aluminum matrix composite mainly has solid state process and liquid phase process, solid state process prepares aluminum-base composite material
The entire technical process temperature of material is lower, and all in solid state, typical technique has powder metallurgic method for aluminum substrate and reinforcement,
Its technical process is first uniformly to mix matrix alloy by a certain percentage with reinforcement, through techniques systems such as cold pressing, hot pressing or extruding
It is standby to form.Solid state process production technology is complicated, requires production equipment harsh, high production cost, it is difficult to obtain large-scale application.Liquid
State method, which is that aluminum substrate is in a molten state, lower prepares the technical process of aluminum matrix composite with bluk recombination is enhanced.Liquid phase process at
Shape temperature is higher, and molten aluminum mobility is preferable, can be relatively easy to prepare complex-shaped composite material parts, relative to solid
For state method, liquid phase process is easy to operate, production cost is low and is easily achieved large-scale industrial production.However, due to boundary moisture
Property, enhancing phase surface energy, matrix and the problems such as reinforced phase density contrast, reinforced phase in the composite material of liquid metal-stirring method preparation
Dispersion is uneven.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of aluminum matrix composite.
A kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that:
The following steps are included:
(1) foaming hybrid scheme is standby:
Using the metallic particles of plastically deformable as carrier, together with TiH2And reinforced phase carries out ball milling, makes TiH2It is inlayed with reinforced phase
It is adsorbed on metallic particles carrier；
The foaming mixture being prepared into is in granular form, and effectively reduces loss caused by individually addition reinforced phase, meanwhile, it uses
TiH2, decomposition product Ti element can be reacted with aluminium alloy melt generates Ti-Al intermetallic compound, plays and strengthens basis material
Effect；
(2) addition foaming mixture:
Aluminum or aluminum alloy melt is placed in crucible, under assigned temperature, the foaming mixture of appropriate aluminium foil package is added, goes forward side by side
The stirring of row high speed machine；
In whipping process, the shearing stress that mechanical stirring generates is together with TiH2The high pressure gas collaboration that pyrolytic generates promotes to enhance
Mutually intracorporal dispersion is melted in aluminum or aluminum alloy；
(3) heat preservation deposition:
Mixing plant is taken out, and entire crucible is kept the temperature, this stage aluminum or aluminum alloy melting flow rate ratio；
In insulating process, the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt between the bubble of hole is moved to crucible bottom under the effect of gravity, is eventually deposited at
Crucible bottom forms bubble-free layer；Because the reinforced phase added in foaming mixture is micron or nanoscale, reinforced phase can be in company with aluminium
Or aluminium alloy melt co-deposition is in the bubble-free layer of crucible bottom；
(4) cooling forming:
After reaching specified heat preservation sedimentation time, crucible and cooling are taken out, the bubble-free layer of foams bottom is gained aluminum-base composite
Material.
A kind of preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that: the basis material can be aluminium or
One of aluminium alloy.
A kind of preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that: in the step (1), plastically deformable
Metallic particles carrier be one of aluminium, copper, magnesium and its alloy or various ingredients any combination, metallic particles carrier fractions
For 80 ~ 400 mesh, TiH2200 ~ 600 mesh of granularity, dosage are the 5 ~ 20% of shared foaming mixture weight percent, and reinforced phase is
SiC、Al2O3、TiC、TiB2、B4C, any combination of one of graphene or various ingredients, reinforced phase shape can be particle
Shape, crystal whisker-shaped and laminar one such or various shapes exist simultaneously, and enhance 10 μm of phase size <, dosage is shared foaming
The 1 ~ 30% of mixture weight percent.Metallic particles carrier, TiH in foaming mixture2, reinforced phase three weight percent
The sum of be 100%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention adds TiH while metallic particles carrier carries reinforced phase2, have with
Lower advantage:
First, one of copper, magnesium alloy or combinations thereof can be used, metallic particles can also be with while undertaking reinforced phase carrier
Aluminum or aluminum alloy melt reacts, and generates the mechanical property that intermetallic compound strengthens basis material；
Second, TiH2Thermal decomposition can generate high pressure gas, push the opposite melt of enhancing being embedded on foaming mixture particle equal
Even dispersion；
Third, TiH2High-temperature decomposition product Ti element equally can be used as aluminum or aluminum alloy basis material alloy enhancing element.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that: in the step (1), using ball milling work
Skill, ratio of grinding media to material are 5:1 ~ 10:1, and rotational speed of ball-mill is 300 ~ 1200r/min, Ball-milling Time is 5 ~ for 24 hours, ball material is not solid 304 not
Become rusty steel, and diameter dimension is 3 ~ 15mm, and material refers to metallic particles carrier, TiH2, reinforced phase three.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that: in the step (2), foam mixture
The specified temperature of addition regards aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix fusing pointT It is moltenDepending on, it isT It is molten+30~T It is molten+ 300 DEG C, and 600 DEG C of >, foaming mixing
Body additive amount be aluminum or aluminum alloy melt weight 5 ~ 20%, be stirred the time be 2 ~ 10min, speed of agitator be 2500 ~
4000r/min。
Compared with existing method for preparing aluminum-based composite material, the present invention uses liquid formation method, operates conveniently, because of TiH2
It is related with melt temperature that thermal decomposition generates Vigorous gas degree, therefore aluminum or aluminum alloy melt temperature is unsuitable too low, when being stirred
Between too short easily cause TiH2Remnants, influence the performance of final material.
The preparation method of a kind of aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that: in step (2), divide equally by weight quantitative
Foaming 4 ~ 8 equal portions of mixture are simultaneously wrapped up with aluminium foil, the foaming mixture after stirring starts, after 10 ~ 30s wraps up every equal portions
It is added in the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt stirred, until foaming mixture additive amount meets the mixture that foams in above-mentioned requirements and adds
It is uneven repeatedly to add the stirring that can effectively avoid in adding procedure on a small quantity for the requirement of dosage.
A kind of preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that: in the step (3), the guarantor of crucible
Warm depositing temperature isT It is molten+30~T It is molten+ 200 DEG C, heat preservation sedimentation time is 5 ~ 30min, is kept the temperature in deposition process, guarantees material in crucible
Material is still melt state, and reinforced phase is deposited together in company with aluminum or aluminum alloy melt to crucible bottom.
A kind of preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that: in the step (4), crucible it is cold
But using one of natural cooling, air blast cooling, water mist cooling or the type of cooling that is air-cooled cooling with water mist and depositing.
Patent of invention CN108374099A discloses a kind of system of long-periodic structure particle reinforced Mg-base/aluminum matrix composite
Preparation Method, by the way that the enhancing particle of Mg-Zn-Y system is added in magnesium powder, aluminium powder, magnesium alloy powder or Al alloy powder, using SPS
Method or cubic hinge press method carry out hot pressing, sintering, and magnesium-based/aluminum matrix composite, aluminum matrix composite in this method is made
Preparation use powder metallurgic method, material prepared low density higher to equipment degree of dependence.
Patent of invention CN103627932B, CN108677052A, CN107747069A disclose a kind of particle reinforced aluminium-based
Composite material and preparation method, though the above method, using liquid forming method, simple mechanical stirring is difficult to realize micro-nano
Grade reinforced phase it is evenly dispersed.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that
The present invention uses metallic particles carrier, TiH2Foaming mixture is prepared with reinforced phase ball milling, is added in aluminum or aluminum alloy melt
Add foaming mixture that three aspect advantages may be implemented:
First, can react with aluminum or aluminum alloy melt when copper, magnesium alloy are as carrier, generates intermetallic compound and strengthen
Basis material performance；
Second, TiH2Thermal decomposition can generate high pressure gas, push in the opposite melt of enhancing being embedded on foaming mixture particle
It is evenly dispersed；
Third, TiH2High-temperature decomposition product Ti element equally can be used as basis material alloy enhancing element, the present invention can be real
Existing micro-nano reinforced phase melts intracorporal dispersion in aluminum or aluminum alloy, and compacting, operation low to equipment degree of dependence are not necessarily in production process
It is easy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the preparation method of aluminum matrix composite.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite: (1) being 400 purposes by SiC, 6.4g granularity that 10g average-size is 2 μm
TiH2And 33.6g granularity is the Al powder of 400 mesh, with the ratio of grinding media to material of 5:1, the revolving speed of 400r/min, continuous ball milling 6h is made
Preparation steeps mixture, foaming mixture is divided into 4 equal portions by weight, and wrapped up with aluminium foil；
(2) taking the 800g trade mark is 1070 aluminum melt, constant at 700 DEG C and when being greater than 0.5h when temperature, opens mixing plant for 1
The foaming mixture of equal portions aluminium foil package is added aluminum melt and simultaneously starts timing, thereafter every 20s by remaining 3 parts of foaming mixtures according to
Secondary addition aluminum melt closes stirring system and takes out agitating paddle after 5min；
(3) it closes bell and carries out heat preservation deposition, adjustment cavity temperature is 720 DEG C, when reaching 15min wait keep the temperature sedimentation time, is beaten
Blow-on lid takes out crucible；
(4) water mist cooling is carried out to crucible, obtains bottom aluminum matrix composite.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite: (1) by 2g multi-layer graphene, the TiH that 8g granularity is 325 mesh2And
40g granularity is the Al powder of 400 mesh, and with the ratio of grinding media to material of 7:1, the revolving speed of 500r/min, continuous ball milling 6h carries out preparation foaming mixing
Foaming mixture is divided into 5 equal portions by weight, and is wrapped up with aluminium foil by body；
(2) take the 800g trade mark be 6061 aluminium alloy melts, when aluminium alloy melt temperature it is constant at 710 DEG C and be greater than 0.5h when, open
It opens mixing plant aluminium alloy melt is added in the foaming mixture that 1 equal portions aluminium foil wraps up and starts timing, will be remained every 30s thereafter
4 parts of foaming mixtures of remaininging sequentially add aluminium alloy melt, after 10min, close stirring system and take out agitating paddle；
(3) it closes bell and carries out heat preservation deposition, adjustment cavity temperature is 710 DEG C, when reaching 10min wait keep the temperature sedimentation time, is beaten
Blow-on lid takes out crucible；
(4) air blast cooling is carried out to crucible, obtains bottom aluminum matrix composite.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite, it is characterised in that:
The following steps are included:
(1) foaming hybrid scheme is standby:
Using the metallic particles of plastically deformable as carrier, together with TiH2And reinforced phase carries out ball milling, makes TiH2Suction is inlayed with reinforced phase
It is attached on metallic particles carrier；
(2) addition foaming mixture:
Aluminum or aluminum alloy melt is placed in crucible, under assigned temperature, the foaming mixture of appropriate aluminium foil package is added, goes forward side by side
The stirring of row high speed machine；
(3) heat preservation deposition:
Mixing plant is taken out, and entire crucible is kept the temperature；
(4) cooling forming:
After reaching specified heat preservation sedimentation time, crucible and cooling are taken out, the bubble-free layer of foams bottom is gained aluminum-base composite
Material.
2. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the basis material
It can be one of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
3. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (1),
The metallic particles carrier of plastically deformable is any combination of one of aluminium, copper, magnesium and its alloy or various ingredients, metal
Grain carrier fractions are 80 ~ 400 mesh, TiH2200 ~ 600 mesh of granularity, dosage are the 5 ~ 20% of shared foaming mixture weight percent,
Reinforced phase is SiC, Al2O3、TiC、TiB2、B4C, any combination of one of graphene or its various ingredients, reinforced phase shape
It can be coexisted for graininess, crystal whisker-shaped and laminar one such or various shapes, enhance 10 μm of phase size <, dosage is institute
The 1 ~ 30% of foaming mixture weight percent is accounted for, metallic particles carrier, TiH in the mixture that foams2, reinforced phase three weight
The sum of percentage is 100%.
4. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (1),
Using ball-milling technology, ratio of grinding media to material is 5:1 ~ 10:1, and rotational speed of ball-mill is 300 ~ 1200r/min, Ball-milling Time is 5 ~ for 24 hours.
5. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (2),
The assigned temperature that mixture adds that foams regards aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix fusing pointT It is moltenDepending on, it isT It is molten+30~T It is molten+ 300 DEG C, and > 600
DEG C, foaming mixture additive amount is the 5 ~ 20% of aluminum or aluminum alloy melt weight, and being stirred the time is 2 ~ 10min, speed of agitator
For 2500 ~ 4000r/min.
6. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (2),
Divide equally quantitatively foaming 4 ~ 8 equal portions of mixture by weight and wrapped up with aluminium foil, after stirring starts, is wrapped up every equal portions every 10 ~ 30s
Foaming mixture afterwards is added in the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt stirred, until foaming mixture additive amount meets claim
The requirement of foaming mixture additive amount in 5.
7. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (3)
In, the heat preservation depositing temperature of crucible isT It is molten+30~T It is molten+ 200 DEG C, heat preservation sedimentation time is 5 ~ 30min.
8. a kind of preparation method of aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (4)
In, the cooling of crucible is using one of natural cooling, air blast cooling, water mist cooling or cooling that is air-cooled cooling with water mist and depositing
Mode.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114739171A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-12 | 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 | Composite material preparation device and preparation method |
| CN115074560A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-20 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Titanium particle reinforced magnesium-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114739171A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-12 | 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 | Composite material preparation device and preparation method |
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