Method for treating landfill leachate
Technical Field
The invention relates to a garbage treatment method, in particular to a method for treating garbage leachate.
Background
The landfill leachate is high-concentration wastewater which is formed by deducting the saturated water holding capacity of garbage and a soil covering layer from water contained in the garbage in a garbage landfill, rain, snow and water entering the landfill and other water and passing through the garbage layer and the soil covering layer. Landfill leachate has the characteristics different from general municipal sewage: the concentration of pollutants is extremely high, and the COD and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of leachate of some landfill sites can respectively reach nearly one hundred thousand and nearly ten thousand mg/L. The most prominent characteristics of the percolate are three: firstly, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is high, and the inhibition effect on the propagation and growth of microorganisms is achieved; secondly, the concentration of phosphorus is low; thirdly, the water quality changes non-periodically and the change range is large, so that the wastewater treatment device is difficult to adapt. The combined treatment of the landfill leachate and the municipal sewage is the simplest method, but a landfill site is usually far away from towns, so the combined treatment of the landfill leachate and the municipal sewage has certain specific difficulties and often has to be treated independently. The treatment of landfill leachate in municipal landfill sites has been a very difficult problem in the design, operation and management of landfill sites. Landfill leachate is the product of the gravity flow of liquids in landfills, mainly from precipitation and the inherent water content of the landfill itself. The properties of the percolate vary over a considerable range, since many factors in the flow of the liquid may influence the properties of the percolate, including physical, chemical and biological factors. Generally, the pH value is between 4 and 9, the COD is in the range of 4000 to 100000mg/L, the BOD5 is 200 to 10000mg/L, and the concentration of heavy metals is basically consistent with that of heavy metals in municipal sewage. Landfill leachate of municipal refuse landfill is high-concentration organic wastewater with complex components, and if the high-concentration organic wastewater is directly discharged into the environment without treatment, serious environmental pollution is caused. For the purpose of protecting the environment, it is essential to treat the leachate.
The existing landfill leachate treatment methods are mainly divided into three categories, namely a biological method, a physical and chemical method and a land method. The anaerobic treatment in the biological treatment method comprises an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket UASB, an anaerobic baffle reactor ABR, an anaerobic pond, EGSB, IC and the like; the aerobic treatment comprises an aerobic aeration pond, an activated sludge process, a biological rotating disc, a trickling filter and the like, and anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) mixed treatment. The physical and chemical methods mainly comprise chemical coagulation and precipitation, activated carbon adsorption, chemical oxidation, catalytic oxidation, membrane treatment and the like. Land treatment such as artificial wetland and the like is mainly carried out by filtering soil particles, ion exchange adsorption, precipitation and the like. The high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater of the landfill leachate has large discharge amount, complex components, strong toxicity, great harm to the environment and great treatment difficulty, so that the pollution and the treatment of the ammonia nitrogen wastewater are always highly valued in the field of environmental protection all over the world. Landfill leachate with extremely strong pollution generated in the landfill process is easy to infiltrate and pollute underground water, particularly the special karst landform in the southwest region of China is used, the ecological environment of the underground water is fragile, most of drinking water sources of local residents are underground water, and if the landfill leachate is not properly treated, the ecological environment and the human health are greatly damaged, so the effective treatment of the landfill leachate is one of the difficulties in the field of domestic and foreign environmental engineering at present. In recent years, the environment-friendly industry is greatly supported by the country, the environment requirements of residents are improved along with the improvement of the living standard of people, the design scheme of the refuse landfill needs to be optimized, and the emission standard of newly built and newly expanded landfill sites is required to be implemented in GB 16889-2008.
In recent years, a new CANON process (a complete automatic ammonium-um removal over nitrate process in biomembrane) is used for treating the percolate of the refuse landfill and obtains good treatment effect. The CANON process is a novel biological denitrification process, and the process is characterized in that nitrosation and anaerobic ammonia oxidation are realized by controlling dissolved oxygen in a single reactor or a biological membrane, so that the aim of denitrification is fulfilled. Under the condition of micro-oxygen, nitrite bacteria oxidize ammonia nitrogen part into nitrous acid, and consumption oxidation creates an anaerobic environment required by an ANAMMOX process; the nitrous acid produced reacts with part of the remaining ammonia nitrogen in an ANAMMOX reaction to produce nitrogen, and the stoichiometric equation of the CANON process is as follows: nitrosation: 1NH +1.5O2 → 1NO + H + H2O
ANAMMOX:1NH3+1.32NO+H→1.02N2+0.26NO+2H2O
CANON:1NH+0.85O2→0.435N2+0.13NO+0.14H+1.3H2O
In terms of reaction format, the CANON process is a combination of the SHARON process and the ANAMMOX process. The CANON technical process is controlled by firstly realizing dynamic balance between aerobic ammonia oxidation and anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria have slow growth rate and long multiplication time and can be recovered only after the growth environment is damaged; while DO and ASL are two major control parameters, to maintain sludge stability, excessive concentrations of O2 and NO2-N should be avoided, which can be achieved by controlling the redox potential and DO concentration. The CANON process does not need to add organic carbon source substances in the operation process, thereby effectively overcoming the problem that the traditional nitrification-denitrification process needs to use organic matters as electron donors to support denitrification, saving 100 percent of carbon source and being particularly suitable for treating high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater with low C/N; because the process adopts a restrictive oxygen supply mode, the DO concentration in the reactor is lower, and 60 percent of aeration consumption can be saved; the process can complete the whole conversion process from NH-N to N2 in one reactor, so that the flow of biological nitrogen removal is very short, and the corresponding construction, operation and management costs are expected to be greatly reduced.
However, because the landfill leachate in the landfill site has complex components, the CANON process is not stable in treatment in the face of the high ammonia nitrogen landfill leachate which has infrequent changes, and the treatment effect often cannot meet the design requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the existing landfill leachate has complex components, the CANON process faces the constantly-changed high ammonia nitrogen landfill leachate, the treatment stability is not good, and the treatment effect often cannot meet the design requirement, and provides a method for treating the landfill leachate which has complex components and constantly-changed landfill leachate, and can be used for stably treating the landfill leachate which reaches the standard and is discharged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for treating landfill leachate, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a garbage leachate treatment material from coal cinder, fly ash and a modified chitin mixture, and pouring the garbage leachate treatment material and lime into a garbage leachate neutralization tank;
step two: conveying the landfill leachate treated in the step one to an ammonia stripping tower for deamination;
step three: leading the landfill leachate treated in the step two into an anaerobic tank;
step four: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the third step into an SBR water quantity regulating tank, and pumping the landfill leachate into parallel SBR reaction tanks for biological reaction;
step five: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the step four into a coagulation tank, and adding a composite inorganic flocculant and a composite organic flocculant for reaction; and (4) incinerating the sludge generated by the coagulation tank after concentration.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the coal cinder, the fly ash and the modified chitin is 3-5: 2-3: 1; the mass ratio of the landfill leachate treatment material to the lime is 3: 1.
Preferably, the composite inorganic flocculant in the fifth step is added with 1-5wt% of the total weight of the composition of activated clay, ceramsite, electrolytic aluminum waste residue and ferric trichloride, and the mass ratio of the activated clay, the ceramsite, the electrolytic aluminum waste residue and the ferric trichloride is 5: 3: 1: 1.3.
Preferably, in the fifth step, a composite organic flocculant which mainly comprises polyacrylamide is added into the coagulation tank, the addition amount is 2-3wt%, and the formula is as follows: 40-70 wt% of anionic polyacrylamide, 25-55 wt% of powdered activated carbon and 1-5wt% of chitosan.
Preferably, the operating procedures of the parallel SBR reaction tanks are as follows: feeding water for 45-50 min → aerating for 9-12 h → precipitating for 60min → draining for 60min, and discharging mud after draining, wherein the mud is 1/10 of the total water inflow each time, the mud age is 20-30 d, and the operation lasts for 2-3 cycles every day.
Preferably, the modified chitin is prepared by adopting the following process: adding 20-35 parts of chitin with the deacetylation degree of 35-45% into 140 parts of 2.5-3.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for soaking for 1-3 days, filtering, washing, adding hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, filtering, washing, drying, adding 1-3 parts of epoxy bromopropane, 0.05-0.09 part of maleic anhydride, 0.5-0.9 part of trimethylamine aqueous solution, 0.001-0.003 part of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.01-0.05 part of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring at the stirring speed of 400-700r/min and the stirring temperature of 150-170 ℃ for 15-35min, and spray-drying to obtain the modified chitin.
Preferably, the anaerobic tank adopts common anaerobic nitrification at 35 ℃ and the load of 1 kgCOD/(m)3D), residence time 10 d.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: because the technical scheme of the invention adopts the inorganic flocculant and the organic flocculant, the inorganic flocculant is a composite inorganic flocculant mainly composed of activated clay, and the flocculant for water treatment for reducing ammonia nitrogen in water can not only denitrify, but also precipitate suspended matters; the organic flocculant is a composite organic flocculant mainly composed of polyacrylamide, anionic polyacrylamide is combined with heavy metal ions to form insoluble precipitates, and chitosan in the formula is an anionic macromolecular flocculant and has the functions of electric neutralization, adsorption bridging and metal chelation. Chitosan is compounded with activated carbon, and a chemical bridge is formed between anionic chitosan and porous activated carbon to neutralize and reduce charges on the surface of the colloid, thereby being beneficial to destabilization of the colloid; the formula has the function of reducing heavy metal ions and other pollutants in water. The invention can stably treat the garbage percolate of the garbage landfill with complex components and variable changes, and the garbage percolate reaches the discharge standard.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to specific examples:
example 1
A method for treating landfill leachate, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a garbage leachate treatment material from coal cinder, fly ash and a modified chitin mixture, and pouring the garbage leachate treatment material and lime into a garbage leachate neutralization tank; the mass ratio of the coal cinder, the fly ash and the modified chitin is 3: 2: 1; the mass ratio of the landfill leachate treatment material to the lime is 3: 1; the modified chitin is prepared by adopting the following process: adding 20 parts of chitin with the deacetylation degree of 35% into 100 parts of a 2.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, soaking for 1 day, filtering, washing, adding hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, filtering, washing, drying, adding 1 part of epoxy bromopropane, 0.05 part of maleic anhydride, 0.5 part of trimethylamine aqueous solution, 0.001 part of azobisisobutyronitrile and 0.01 part of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring under pressure at the stirring speed of 400r/min and the stirring temperature of 150 ℃, stirring for 15min, and spray-drying to obtain modified chitin;
step two: conveying the landfill leachate treated in the step one to an ammonia stripping tower for deamination;
step three: leading the landfill leachate treated in the step two into an anaerobic tank; the anaerobic tank adopts common anaerobic nitrification at 35 ℃ and the load of 1 kgCOD/(m)3D), residence time 10 d;
step four: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the third step into an SBR water quantity regulating tank, and pumping the landfill leachate into parallel SBR reaction tanks for biological reaction; the operation procedure of the parallel SBR reaction tank is as follows: feeding water for 45min → aerating for 9h → precipitating for 60min → draining water for 60min, and discharging mud after draining water, wherein the mud is 1/10 of the total water inflow each time, the mud age is 20d, and the operation is carried out for 2 periods each day;
step five: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the step four into a coagulation tank, and adding a composite inorganic flocculant and a composite organic flocculant for reaction; the sludge generated by the coagulation tank is centralized and then is incinerated; the composite inorganic flocculant is added in an amount of 1wt% and comprises a composition of activated clay, ceramsite, electrolytic aluminum waste residue and ferric trichloride, wherein the mass ratio of the activated clay to the ceramsite to the electrolytic aluminum waste residue to the ferric trichloride is 5: 3: 1: 1.3; the compound organic flocculant is added in an amount of 2 wt%, and the formula comprises: 40wt% of anionic polyacrylamide, 55wt% of powdered activated carbon and 5wt% of chitosan.
Example 2
A method for treating landfill leachate, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a garbage leachate treatment material from coal cinder, fly ash and a modified chitin mixture, and pouring the garbage leachate treatment material and lime into a garbage leachate neutralization tank; the mass ratio of the coal cinder, the fly ash and the modified chitin is 4: 3: 1; the mass ratio of the landfill leachate treatment material to the lime is 3: 1; the modified chitin is prepared by adopting the following process: adding 23 parts of chitin with deacetylation degree of 38% into 125 parts of sodium hydroxide solution with concentration of 2.8mol/L, soaking for 2 days, filtering, washing, adding hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, filtering, washing, drying, adding 2 parts of epoxy bromopropane, 0.6 part of maleic anhydride, 0.8 part of trimethylamine aqueous solution, 0.002 part of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.04 part of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring under pressure at the stirring speed of 500r/min and the stirring temperature of 168 ℃, stirring for 24min, and spray drying to obtain modified chitin;
step two: conveying the landfill leachate treated in the step one to an ammonia stripping tower for deamination;
step three: leading the landfill leachate treated in the step two into an anaerobic tank; the anaerobic pool adopts common anaerobic nitrificationAt 35 ℃ and a load of 1 kgCOD/(m)3D), residence time 10 d;
step four: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the third step into an SBR water quantity regulating tank, and pumping the landfill leachate into parallel SBR reaction tanks for biological reaction; the operation procedure of the parallel SBR reaction tank is as follows: feeding water for 48min → aerating for 11h → precipitating for 60min → draining water for 60min, and discharging mud after draining water, wherein the mud is 1/10 of the total water inflow each time, the mud age is 25d, and the operation is carried out for 3 periods each day;
step five: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the step four into a coagulation tank, and adding a composite inorganic flocculant and a composite organic flocculant for reaction; the sludge generated by the coagulation tank is centralized and then is incinerated; the composite inorganic flocculant is added in an amount of 3wt% and comprises a composition of activated clay, ceramsite, electrolytic aluminum waste residue and ferric trichloride, wherein the mass ratio of the activated clay to the ceramsite to the electrolytic aluminum waste residue to the ferric trichloride is 5: 3: 1: 1.3; the compound organic flocculant is added in an amount of 2.5 wt%, and the formula comprises: 70wt% of anionic polyacrylamide, 25wt% of powdered activated carbon and 5wt% of chitosan.
Example 3
A method for treating landfill leachate, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a garbage leachate treatment material from coal cinder, fly ash and a modified chitin mixture, and pouring the garbage leachate treatment material and lime into a garbage leachate neutralization tank; the mass ratio of the coal cinder, the fly ash and the modified chitin is 5: 3: 1; the mass ratio of the landfill leachate treatment material to the lime is 3: 1; the modified chitin is prepared by adopting the following process: adding 35 parts of chitin with deacetylation degree of 45% into 140 parts of sodium hydroxide solution with concentration of 3.5mol/L, soaking for 3 days, filtering, washing, adding hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, filtering, washing, drying, adding 3 parts of epoxy bromopropane, 0.09 part of maleic anhydride, 0.9 part of trimethylamine aqueous solution, 0.003 part of azodiisobutyronitrile and 0.05 part of tetrabutylammonium bromide, stirring under pressure at the stirring speed of 700r/min and the stirring temperature of 170 ℃ for 35min, and spray-drying to obtain modified chitin;
step two: conveying the landfill leachate treated in the step one to an ammonia stripping tower for deamination;
step three: leading the landfill leachate treated in the step two into an anaerobic tank; the anaerobic tank adopts common anaerobic nitrification at 35 ℃ and the load of 1 kgCOD/(m)3D), residence time 10 d;
step four: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the third step into an SBR water quantity regulating tank, and pumping the landfill leachate into parallel SBR reaction tanks for biological reaction; the operation procedure of the parallel SBR reaction tank is as follows: feeding water for 50min → aerating for 12h → precipitating for 60min → draining water for 60min, and discharging mud after draining water, wherein the mud is 1/10 of the total water inflow each time, the mud age is 30d, and the operation is carried out for 3 periods each day;
step five: guiding the landfill leachate treated in the step four into a coagulation tank, and adding a composite inorganic flocculant and a composite organic flocculant for reaction; the sludge generated by the coagulation tank is centralized and then is incinerated; the composite inorganic flocculant is added in an amount of 5wt% and comprises a composition of activated clay, ceramsite, electrolytic aluminum waste residue and ferric trichloride, wherein the mass ratio of the activated clay to the ceramsite to the electrolytic aluminum waste residue to the ferric trichloride is 5: 3: 1: 1.3; the compound organic flocculant is added in an amount of 3wt%, and the formula comprises: 60 wt% of anionic polyacrylamide, 39 wt% of powdered activated carbon and 1wt% of chitosan.
100m of landfill leachate of certain refuse landfill3The components of the wastewater are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 composition of wastewater
COD
|
mg/L
|
50000
|
BOD3 |
mg/L
|
3800
|
NH3-N
|
mg/L
|
3500
|
SS
|
mg/L
|
500 |
The water quality test after the treatment of the invention is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Water quality testing
Item
|
Unit of
|
Example 1 Water quality
|
Example 2 Water quality
|
Example 3 Water quality
|
COD
|
mg/L
|
30
|
28
|
25
|
BOD3 |
mg/L
|
5
|
4.8
|
4.5
|
NH3-N
|
mg/L
|
3.1
|
2.9
|
2.8
|
SS
|
mg/L
|
2.5
|
2.3
|
2.1
|
Copper (Cu)
|
mg/L
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Nickel (II)
|
mg/L
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Lead (II)
|
mg/L
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Cadmium (Cd)
|
mg/L
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Mercury
|
mg/L
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out
|
Not detected out |
The detailed description of the invention is not set forth in detail in order to not unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.