CN109319853B - Ecological scheduling method for controlling water bloom by adjusting upstream incoming flow of branch - Google Patents
Ecological scheduling method for controlling water bloom by adjusting upstream incoming flow of branch Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological scheduling method for controlling water bloom by adjusting the flow rate of a branch upstream, which comprises the following steps: the flow rate of the upstream of the branch is adjusted according to the water level change of the reservoir area, the temperature state of the inlet flow of the branch reservoir bay and the upstream of the branch, and the middle layer backflow or non-layering flow state is formed in the water bloom frequency region, or the surface layer backflow strength is reduced, so that the water bloom outbreak is inhibited. On the basis of deeply researching the water bloom outbreak mechanism of the branch of the river channel type reservoir and the change law of the flow state of the water bloom frequent occurrence area, the invention provides an ecological scheduling method for preventing and controlling the water bloom by adjusting the upstream incoming flow of the branch according to the water level change of the reservoir area and forming the flow state which is not beneficial to the water bloom outbreak in the water bloom frequent occurrence area. Compared with the method for regulating the water level of the reservoir area, the method for changing the upstream incoming flow of the branch is more feasible, and simultaneously can more scientifically and reasonably prevent and control the water bloom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological scheduling method for controlling water bloom by adjusting the upstream incoming flow of a branch, which is a water environment protection and ecological control method and is a method for controlling water bloom outbreak from the hydrodynamic angle.
Background
The river channel type reservoir basin in an economically developed area has large pollution load, the concentration of nutritive salt in a water body is high, the flow velocity of a main flow after the reservoir stores water is relatively large, and the flow velocity of a branch flow return water area (bay) is obviously reduced, so that water bloom is frequent. For example, since the three gorges reservoir stored water in 2003, water blooms with different scales occur in the major first-class tributary reservoir bays such as the xiangxi river, the great ninghe and the shennongxi all the year round. The branch water bloom becomes the most main water environment problem in the three gorges reservoir area, and seriously threatens the water supply safety and human health in the reservoir area. Therefore, the method effectively carries out the water bloom prevention and treatment work, ensures the water safety, and is one of the key problems which are urgently needed to be solved in the operation management of the river channel type reservoir such as the three gorges at present.
The method for preventing and controlling the water bloom mainly comprises three main categories, namely, the reduction of the watershed pollutants is carried out, the concentration of the nutritive salt of the water body is reduced to a medium level and a low level, and the problems of water eutrophication and the water bloom are fundamentally solved. However, the eutrophication of the water body of the river channel type reservoir is mainly related to the overall non-point source pollution of the upstream drainage basin and the endogenous pollution of the reservoir area, and is difficult to realize in a short time. The second category is that the biomass of algae in the water body is reduced by methods such as physical salvage, chemical precipitation, biological manipulation and the like, and the methods can temporarily relieve the outbreak intensity of the water bloom to a certain extent; but the application range is small, the negative effect on the ecological environment is uncertain, and certain ecological risks exist. The third method is to change the habitat conditions of water bloom outbreak from the viewpoint of hydraulics so as to inhibit the growth of algae or prevent the algae from gathering in surface water bodies, thereby preventing and controlling the water bloom. The method has quick effect in a short period, has small negative effect on the environment, and is beneficial to preventing the further deterioration of the water quality. Meanwhile, the change of the hydraulic conditions is usually the main cause of the outbreak of the branch water bloom of the river channel type reservoir, so that the attention of researchers is paid to seeking a reservoir area water bloom control method from the hydraulic angle.
At present, the water level of a reservoir area is greatly raised or reduced in a short period to destroy the layering of a branch water body, so that the outbreak of water bloom is prevented. However, the fact proves that when the flow of the upstream branch flow in the flood season or the drainage season is large, the water level in the reservoir area is quickly lifted, so that strong surface backflow is generated, and water bloom outbreak is caused. In addition, aiming at large reservoirs such as three gorges and a family dam, the influence range of greatly lifting or lowering the water level of the reservoir area in a short time is wide, and certain potential safety hazards exist; in addition, the reservoir simultaneously takes on multiple functions of flood control, power generation, navigation, water replenishing and the like, the various factors are required to be comprehensively considered in reservoir scheduling, and frequent and large-range change of the water level of the reservoir area is difficult to realize. On the basis of deeply researching the water bloom outbreak mechanism of the branch of the river channel type reservoir and the change law of the flow state of the water bloom frequent occurrence area, the invention provides an ecological scheduling method for preventing and controlling the water bloom by adjusting the upstream incoming flow of the branch according to the water level change of the reservoir area and forming the flow state which is not beneficial to the water bloom outbreak in the water bloom frequent occurrence area. Compared with the method for changing the water level of the reservoir area, the method for regulating the upstream incoming flow of the branch is more feasible, and simultaneously can more scientifically and reasonably prevent and control the water bloom.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological scheduling method for regulating the flow of water bloom in the upstream of a branch. The method adjusts the upstream incoming flow of the branch according to the water level change of the reservoir area, and forms a flow state which is not beneficial to the outbreak of the water bloom in the water bloom frequency generation area, thereby preventing and controlling the water bloom.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: an ecological scheduling method for controlling water bloom by adjusting the flow rate of a branch upstream comprises the following steps: adjusting the inflow rate of the tributary according to the water level change of the reservoir area, the water temperature of the tributary reservoir bay and the inflow water temperature of the tributary upstream, forming a middle-layer backflow or non-layering flow state in the bloom frequency area, or reducing the surface layer backflow strength to inhibit bloom outbreak;
the method specifically comprises the following adjusting modes:
1) initial sluicing period and pre-sluicing stabilization period:
the temperature of the upstream incoming flow of the tributary in the initial drainage period and the pre-drainage stabilization period of the reservoir area is higher than that of the reservoir bay water body, and the upstream incoming flow of the tributary is increased in the period so as to form a non-layered flow state in the bloom frequency generation area or reduce the surface layer backflow strength;
2) and (3) a water level descending process:
the temperature of the water of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body of the bay in the process of the water level reduction of the bay area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is maintained at a medium-low level in the process so as to form a non-layering flow state in the bloom frequency generation area or reduce the surface backflow strength;
3) water level rising process:
the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body in the bay in the water level rising process of the reservoir area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is reduced to a lower level in the process so as to reduce the surface layer backflow strength;
4) the stable process of the water level:
the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body in the bay in the process of stabilizing the water level of the reservoir area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is increased to a higher level in the process so as to reduce the surface backflow strength.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: on the basis of deeply researching the water bloom outbreak mechanism of the branch of the river channel type reservoir and the change law of the flow state of the water bloom frequent occurrence area, the invention provides an ecological scheduling method for preventing and controlling the water bloom by adjusting the upstream incoming flow of the branch according to the water level change of the reservoir area and forming the flow state which is not beneficial to the water bloom outbreak in the water bloom frequent occurrence area. Compared with the method for regulating the water level of the reservoir area, the method for changing the upstream incoming flow of the branch is more feasible, and simultaneously can more scientifically and reasonably prevent and control the water bloom.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conditioning process of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a water level day-to-day variation process before dam of three gorges reservoir in the frequency generation period of 2010 water bloom in an example of the method according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows the temperature of the water body in the upstream of the stream of the Yangxi river and the reservoir bay in the 2010 water bloom frequent period in the example of the method according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 shows the flow rate of the three gorges branch stream upstream of the stream in the 2010 water bloom surge in an example of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment is an ecological scheduling method for controlling water bloom by regulating the flow rate of the upstream of the branch.
The basic idea for solving the problems in the embodiment is as follows:
firstly, the clear water bloom generation mechanism and the main influencing factors are the basis for effectively developing the water bloom prevention and control work. Before and after the water storage of the reservoir, the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salt, natural illumination and water temperature conditions are not greatly changed. The concentration of the nutritive salt generally exceeds the eutrophication threshold of the water body, so that the limiting effect of the nutritive salt such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the reservoir on the growth of the algae is very limited. The reservoir usually forms backward flow in the tributary after retaining water, and the water temperature of the incoming flow upstream of the tributary is lower, forms complicated layering backward flow. At present, research considers that the change of hydrodynamic conditions after water storage is a main cause of outbreak of reservoir area branch water bloom. The main flow states of the branch water bloom frequency-developing area comprise surface layer backflow, middle layer backflow and non-layering flow states. Wherein the surface backflow with certain intensity can gather algae cells in the surface water body, so that the surface water body can receive sufficient light to promote the growth of algae and induce the outbreak of water bloom; the middle layer backflow can gather algae cells in the middle and lower layer water bodies, the growth rate of algae is reduced due to lack of illumination, the algae are difficult to float and gather on the water surface, and the outbreak of water bloom can be inhibited; algae in the non-layered flow state are uniformly distributed in the vertical direction, which is not beneficial to water bloom outbreak. Therefore, the reservoir is dispatched in the water bloom frequency region to form a middle layer backflow or non-layering flow state, or the surface layer backflow strength is reduced, so that the water bloom outbreak can be inhibited to a certain extent.
The flow state of the branch water bloom frequency generation area is mainly influenced by the water level change of the reservoir area, the water temperature of the reservoir bay, the temperature of incoming flow at the upstream of the branch and the incoming flow. The temperature difference between the upstream incoming flow of the branch and the water body of the bay determines the vertical position of the upstream incoming flow entering the bay: when the temperature of the upstream incoming flow is lower than that of the water body in the bay, the incoming flow submerges from the bottom layer, and the surface layer backflow is more easily formed. The reservoir water level fluctuation influences the flow of the surface water body of the tributary reservoir bay mainly: the water level of the reservoir area rises to intensify the backflow of the surface water body of the tributary reservoir bay; when the water level of the reservoir area is reduced, the surface water body of the tributary reservoir bay is promoted to flow downstream, and the backflow trend of the surface water body is weakened. The water temperature of the branch reservoir and the upstream incoming water is mainly related to seasonal changes, and manual control is difficult. The law of the influence of reservoir area water level and branch upstream incoming flow on the flow state of the branch water bloom frequency generation area is as follows: when the water level of the reservoir area is stable, increasing the inflow rate of the upstream of the branch can weaken the surface layer backflow strength of the bloom frequent-sending area; 2) in the process of raising the water level of the reservoir area, reducing the upstream incoming flow of the tributary can weaken the surface layer backflow strength, and even change the upstream incoming flow into a non-layered flow state; 3) in the process of the reservoir water level reduction, when the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower, the increase of the upstream incoming flow can cause or enhance the surface layer backflow strength; 4) in the process of reservoir water level reduction, when the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is higher, the surface backflow can be weakened by increasing the upstream incoming flow, and even the surface backflow is changed into full-section downstream. Therefore, according to the water level change of the reservoir area, the flow state which is not beneficial to the outbreak of the water bloom is formed in the water bloom frequency generation area by adjusting the upstream flow of the branch flow, so that the water bloom can be inhibited to a certain extent.
The method described in this embodiment is described comprehensively as follows: the upstream inflow flow of the branch is adjusted according to the water level change of the reservoir area, the water temperature of the reservoir bay and the water temperature of the upstream inflow of the branch, a middle-layer backflow or non-layering flow state is formed in the water bloom frequency area, or the surface backflow strength is reduced, so that the water bloom outbreak is inhibited.
The specific adjustment method is as follows (the process is shown in fig. 1):
1) initial sluicing period and pre-sluicing stabilization period:
the temperature of the upstream incoming flow of the branch flow in the initial drainage period and the pre-drainage stabilization period of the reservoir area is higher than that of the water body in the reservoir bay, and the upstream incoming flow of the branch flow is increased in the period so as to form a non-layered flow state in the bloom frequency generation area or reduce the surface backflow strength.
The initial draining period and the pre-draining stabilization period are usually 3 months to 4 months, the temperature of the incoming flow upstream of the branch flow is higher than that of the reservoir bay water body, and the reservoir area water level is in a descending or stable process. The flow can be obtained by increasing the upstream of the branch flow, the non-layering flow state can be formed in the bloom frequency region as much as possible, or the surface backflow strength is reduced, so that the bloom risk is reduced.
2) And (3) a water level descending process:
the temperature of the water of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body in the bay in the process of the water level reduction of the bay area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is maintained at a medium-low level in the process so as to form a non-layering flow state in the bloom frequency generation area or reduce the surface backflow strength.
The water level descending process mainly comprises a quick draining period and a draining process in a flood season, and the water level in the reservoir area is quickly reduced. In the process, the temperature of the water of the upstream incoming flow of the branch flow is lower than that of the water body of the bay, and the incoming flow is submerged from the bottom layer of the bay to form the down-slope flow. The flow rate of the branch upstream can be maintained at a medium-low level, a non-layering flow state can be formed in the bloom frequency region as much as possible, or the surface backflow strength is reduced, so that the bloom outbreak is inhibited.
3) Water level rising process:
the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch flow is lower than that of the water body in the bay during the water level rising process of the reservoir area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch flow is reduced to a lower level during the process so as to reduce the surface backflow strength.
The water level rising process mainly comprises a water storage period and a flood peak period, and the water level in the reservoir area rises rapidly. Meanwhile, the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch flow is lower than that of the water body in the bay, so that strong surface layer backflow is easily formed, and large-scale water bloom is developed. The flow rate can be reduced to a lower level through reducing the upstream of the branch, the surface layer backflow strength is reduced, and the water bloom outbreak is avoided.
4) The stable process of the water level:
the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body in the bay in the process of stabilizing the water level of the reservoir area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is increased to a higher level in the process so as to reduce the surface backflow strength.
The water level stabilizing process mainly comprises the process of relatively stabilizing the water level before quick water drainage and after water storage. The temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body in the bay, and the flow can be increased to a higher level at the stage, so that the surface layer backflow strength is reduced, and the outbreak of the water bloom is avoided.
Application example:
since 2003 water storage, water blooms with different scales occur in major first-class tributary reservoir bays such as Yangxi river, Daninghe river, Shennongxi river and the like all the year round. The branch water bloom becomes the most main water environment problem in the three gorges reservoir area, and seriously threatens the water supply safety and human health in the reservoir area.
The scheduling schemes of the three gorges reservoir area are consistent every year, and mainly comprise a water draining period, a low water level operation period, a water storage period and a high water level operation period. The specific times at each stage are slightly different in combination with the actual conditions each year. Taking 2010 data as an example, fig. 2 shows a water level variation process of a three gorges reservoir region in a water bloom frequent period (3-9 months), which can be divided into 3 periods according to the water level variation characteristics of the three gorges:
1) and (5) draining. The water level in the three gorges reservoir area is generally reduced to 145m in a gradual manner in the beginning of 3 months to 5 months. Wherein, 3 months is the initial draining period, and the water level descending speed is relatively small; the stable period before discharge is 4 months, and the water level slowly rises; and 5 months are a quick water drainage period, and the water level rapidly drops to 145 m.
2) Low water level operation period. The water level of the three gorges reservoir area is usually kept to operate at a low water level in months of 6-9. During the period, under the influence of flood peak in flood season, the water level can rise and fall rapidly.
3) And (5) water storage period. The three gorges reservoir typically begins to store water at the end of 8 months, gradually raising the water level to 175 m. Wherein, the bottom of 8 months is a rapid water storage period, and the water level is rapidly lifted; the beginning of 9 months is a stable period after storage, and the water level slowly drops; the water level then rises to 175 m.
The water level of the three gorges reservoir area has 3 change processes: a water level descending process, a water level stabilizing process and a water level ascending process. Wherein the water level stabilizing process mainly comprises a stabilization period before the rapid water drainage and after the rapid water storage. According to the analysis of the measured data, the daily water level variation of the normal water level stabilizing process is less than 0.3 m/d.
Fig. 3 shows the variation process of the water temperature of the typical tributary Yanxi river of the three gorges reservoir in 2010 in the water bloom frequent period and the water temperature of the surface layer and the bottom layer of the reservoir bay. According to the relative relationship between the upstream incoming water temperature and the reservoir water temperature, the method can be divided into two stages:
1) the temperature of the upstream incoming flow is higher than that of the water body in the Bay in 3-4 months, and the upstream incoming flow enters the water body in the Bay from the surface layer and is not beneficial to forming surface layer backflow.
2) The temperature of the upstream incoming flow is lower than that of the water body in the kuuwan in the 5-9 months, and the upstream incoming flow enters the water body in the kuuwan from the bottom layer, so that the surface layer backflow is formed.
As shown in FIG. 4, according to the measured flow data of the upstream Shanshan hydrological station of Xiangxi Chikuku Bay in 2010, the variation range of the upstream flow is 12.18-366.86 m3S, average value of 37.92 m3A fraction of a fourth and a fraction of a fourth of a3S and 42m3And/s, the upper and lower boundaries for medium flow. 8 small hydropower stations such as Dangyang, Honghuazong and the like and two step reservoirs of a first level and a second level at an ancient cave entrance are arranged at the upstream of the Xiangxi river reservoir bay. Therefore, a certain incoming flow is available at the upstream of the Xiangxi river, and a certain scheduling space and operability are provided.
According to the characteristics of the water level change of the three gorges and the water temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch in different periods and the influence on the water bloom of the branch, the flow and the adjusting capacity of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch are considered at the same time, and the adjusting scheme of the incoming flow at the upstream in different periods is provided:
(1) initial sluicing period and pre-sluicing stabilization period:
in 3 months to 4 months, the flow rate of the upstream branch flow is adjusted and increased to be medium or high level by the upstream reservoir of the branch flow, even if the flow rate of the upstream flow of the Xiangxi river is more than 17m3And/s, can effectively inhibit the outbreak of the water bloom of the Xiangxi river gulf.
(2) And (3) a water level descending process:
in the water level descending process from 5 months to 9 months, the upstream inflow of the Xiangxi river is maintained at a medium or low level, even if the upstream inflow is less than 42m3And s. That is to say, when the three gorges reservoir is rapidly drained, the upstream of the branch should be subjected to peak staggering flood discharge as much as possible, so that a non-layered flow state can be formed in the water bloom frequent region, and the outbreak of the branch water bloom is effectively inhibited.
(3) Water level rising process:
during the water level rising process from 5 months to 9 months, the upstream inflow of the Xiangxi river is maintained at a low flow level even if the upstream inflow is less than 17m3And s. That is to say, when the three gorges reservoir is in quick retaining, the tributary upper reaches should hold water simultaneously, reduces the flow of letting off down, avoids forming strong top layer refluence, is favorable to controlling tributary water bloom.
(4) Water level stabilizing process
In the stable process of the water level from 5 months to 9 months, the upstream incoming flow of the Yanxi river should be increased to be more than 42m3And/s to weaken the surface backflow strength and avoid water bloom outbreak.
Finally, it should be noted that the above is only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solution of the present invention (such as external conditions of the reservoir, scheduling variation characteristics of the reservoir, sequence of each process, etc.) without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An ecological scheduling method for controlling water bloom by adjusting the flow rate of a branch upstream is characterized by comprising the following steps: adjusting the inflow rate of the tributary according to the water level change of the reservoir area, the water temperature of the tributary reservoir bay and the inflow water temperature of the tributary upstream, forming a middle-layer backflow or non-layering flow state in the bloom frequency area, or reducing the surface layer backflow strength to inhibit bloom outbreak;
the method specifically comprises the following adjusting modes:
1) initial sluicing period and pre-sluicing stabilization period:
the temperature of the upstream incoming flow of the tributary in the initial drainage period and the pre-drainage stabilization period of the reservoir area is higher than that of the reservoir bay water body, and the upstream incoming flow of the tributary is increased in the period so as to form a non-layered flow state in the bloom frequency generation area or reduce the surface layer backflow strength;
2) and (3) a water level descending process:
the temperature of the water of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body of the bay in the process of the water level reduction of the bay area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is maintained at a medium-low level in the process so as to form a non-layering flow state in the bloom frequency generation area or reduce the surface backflow strength;
3) water level rising process:
the temperature of the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is lower than that of the water body in the bay in the water level rising process of the reservoir area, and the incoming flow at the upstream of the branch is reduced to a low level in the process so as to reduce the surface layer backflow strength;
4) the stable process of the water level:
the temperature of the upstream incoming flow of the branch is lower than that of the water body in the bay in the process of stabilizing the water level of the reservoir area, and the upstream incoming flow of the branch is increased to a high level in the process so as to reduce the surface backflow strength.
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