CN109318547B - MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material, preparation method and application - Google Patents

MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material, preparation method and application Download PDF

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CN109318547B
CN109318547B CN201811069484.XA CN201811069484A CN109318547B CN 109318547 B CN109318547 B CN 109318547B CN 201811069484 A CN201811069484 A CN 201811069484A CN 109318547 B CN109318547 B CN 109318547B
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phase ceramic
max
composite material
max phase
metal
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CN109318547A (en
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王钰
司鹏超
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0272—Rods, electrodes, wires with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
    • B32B38/1808—Handling of layers or the laminate characterised by the laying up of the layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
    • B60L5/20—Details of contact bow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B32B2037/243—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/542—Shear strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/544—Torsion strength; Torsion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/548—Creep
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/10—Trains

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprises n stacked units, wherein each stacked unit comprises a metal foil layer and a MAX phase ceramic layer attached to the metal foil layer, and n is more than or equal to 2. The MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is Ti2And the AlC powder and the metal foil are used as raw materials, the metal foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles is superposed to prepare a pre-product, and then the pre-product is subjected to pressure heat treatment to obtain the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material. The MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is used in the fields of carrying tools, power transmission and transformation or military materials.

Description

MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material, preparation method and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
MAX phase ceramics are a generic name of ternary layered ceramics, M is a transition element, A is some elements in the main group III or IV, and X is C or N. The atomic bonding of all MAX phase ceramic compounds is both covalent, ionic and metallic, thus combining the properties of metals and ceramics, such as metal-like thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, thermal shock resistance and processability, and ceramic-like oxidation resistance, wear resistance, self-lubricity, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. Therefore, the method has important application value in many fields.
Metals have excellent properties of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, ductility and the like, and are widely applied to the fields of power electronics, mechanical manufacturing and the like. However, metals have low strength, low hardness, poor heat resistance and poor wear resistance, which limit their service conditions and life. In order to improve the mechanical properties of metals without sacrificing too much electrical and thermal conductivity, many have attempted to compound MAX phase ceramics with metals to enhance the metallic properties.
CN103085395A discloses a Cu-Ti2The preparation method of AlC functional gradient material, the gradient material prepared by the method has one side of pure Cu or composite material with Cu as main component and the other side of pure Ti2AlC or Ti as the main component2The number of the middle layers of the AlC composite material is 1-4, and Cu and Ti are distributed along the thickness direction2The content of AlC is changed in a gradient way and is accompanied with gradual change of performance. The material is prepared by mixing Cu and Ti2AlC powder is used as a raw material, is uniformly mixed and then is loaded in a layered mode, and is prepared by hot-pressing sintering in a certain atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the heating rate is 8-20 ℃/min, the pressure is 20-40 MPa, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-3 hours. The gradient material has important significance for meeting special environments with different contact surfaces and different use performances, but is only suitable for the special environments and cannot be used in a large scale.
CN101028749B discloses a (Cu-Al)/(Ti)3C2-Cu-Al) layered composite material having Ti and method for producing the same3C2-a layered structure of alternating layers of Cu-Al cermet and Cu-Al alloy, and Ti3C2the-Cu-Al cermet layer and the Cu-Al alloy layer are made of Ti3AlC2Formed in situ by chemical reaction with Cu. The material is Ti3AlC2The powder and the Cu powder are used as raw materials, the raw materials are alternately paved layer by layer and then are subjected to cold pressing to form a layered blank, then the blank is placed in a high-temperature furnace, the temperature of the furnace is raised to 1100-1200 ℃ under the protection of argon, the temperature is kept for 15-60 min, and then the layered composite material is obtained. The material has good wear and impact load resistance, but its tensile strength properties are poor.
CN102206771A discloses a pantograph pan composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite material is prepared from copper powder and ceramic particles, wherein the surface of the ceramic particles is provided with an electroless copper plating layer. Mixing the ceramic particles with the chemical copper-plated layer on the surface with copper powder to obtain a mixed material, and then carrying out hot-pressing sintering process or hot-pressing sintering and hot extrusion on the mixed materialAfter the treatment of the combination process. Ti inside the prepared composite material3AlC2The ceramic particles are uniformly distributed, but the tensile strength properties are not good.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to develop a new MAX phase ceramic-metal composite material that has the advantages of good tensile strength, compressive strength, ductility, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, and is suitable for industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the disadvantages of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprising n stacked units, each unit comprising a metal foil layer and a MAX phase ceramic layer attached to the metal foil layer, wherein n is greater than or equal to 2, such as 5, 10, 30, 50, 100, 200, 500, etc.
The MAX phase ceramic and the metal foil are compounded, and the MAX phase ceramic layer and the metal foil are arranged at intervals. The metal endows the composite material with excellent conductivity, mechanical ductility and tensile strength, the MAX phase ceramic material is coated on the metal foil layer and then is superposed, so that a hard phase (aragonite sheet) and a soft phase (organic matter) similar to shells can be obtained and are alternately laminated and arranged to form a brick-mud composite structure, the composite material is endowed with higher strength and toughness, and the structure has higher mechanical strength compared with the composite material with reinforcing phases uniformly dispersed and distributed.
In addition, since the composite material is formed by stacking the metal foil and the MAX-phase ceramic at an interval such that a continuous metal layer exists along the layer direction and a continuous MAX-phase ceramic layer blocks in the direction perpendicular to the layer direction, the composite material has anisotropic tensile strength, compressive strength, ductility, electrical conductivity, and the like (in the layer direction and in the direction perpendicular to the layer direction).
The MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material structure provided by the invention has a plurality of metal foil layers and a plurality of MAX-phase ceramic layers, and the metal foil layers and the MAX-phase ceramic layers are alternately arranged to form a layered structure material of metal foil layers, MAX-phase ceramic layers, metal foil layers, MAX-phase ceramic layers and … …. In the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material of the present invention, the metal foil layer-MAX-phase ceramic layer is a stacked unit.
The thickness of n in the present invention is not specifically limited, and those skilled in the art can select n according to the required thickness.
Preferably, n.gtoreq.10, preferably n.gtoreq.20, more preferably n.gtoreq.50, most preferably 50. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.100.
Preferably, the metal foil of the present invention includes a copper foil and/or a nickel foil.
Preferably, the volume content of the MAX phase ceramic in each stacking unit is 5% to 30%, such as 5%, 10%, 15%, 22%, 25%, 28%, 30%, etc.
The volume content of the MAX phase ceramic is too small to achieve sufficient enhancement effect, and the volume content is too large, so that the brittleness of the composite material is increased, and the conductivity is seriously reduced.
Preferably, in each stacking unit, the thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer is 2-16 μm, such as 2 μm, 5 μm, 7 μm, 10 μm, 13 μm, 15 μm, 16 μm, and the like.
When the thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer is less than 2 μm, the MAX phase ceramic layer is easily damaged by diffusion of surrounding metal atoms in the subsequent heat treatment process, and when the thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer is more than 16 μm, the bonding force in the MAX phase ceramic layer is weak.
Preferably, in each of the stacked units, the metal foil layer has a thickness of 9-80 μm, such as 9 μm, 15 μm, 27 μm, 30 μm, 43 μm, 55 μm, 67 μm, 80 μm, and the like.
When the thickness of the metal foil layer is less than 9 μm, the metal foil layer is easy to deform and damage in the subsequent heat treatment process, and the continuous form is difficult to maintain, and when the thickness of the metal foil layer is more than 80 μm, the subsequent processes such as folding and cutting are difficult.
Preferably, the MAX phase ceramic of the present invention comprises any one of or a combination of at least two of a 312 phase MAX phase ceramic, a 211 phase MAX phase ceramic, and a 413 phase MAX phase ceramic.
Preferably, the 312-phase MAX-phase ceramic comprises Ti3AlC2、Ti3SiC2And Ti3SnC2Any one or at least two ofA combination of species.
Preferably, the 211 phase MAX phase ceramic comprises Ti2AlC、Ti2AlN、Nb2AlC、Ti2AlN0.5C0.5、Cr2AlC、Ti2SnC and Nb2Any one or a combination of at least two of sncs.
Preferably, the 413 phase MAX phase ceramic comprises Ti4AlC3And/or Nb4AlC3。
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material, comprising the steps of:
(1) coating MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid on a metal foil;
(2) superposing the metal foils coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles, and removing the dispersing agent in the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) carrying out pressure heat treatment on the pre-product to obtain the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material.
The invention adopts a mode of alternately stacking MAX phase ceramics and metal foils to prepare a multilayer composite material, the layers are arranged in order (all are layered structure materials of metal layers-MAX phase ceramic layers- … …), and the thickness difference of MAX phase ceramic layers in each stacking unit of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is very small (for example, the thickness deviation is less than or equal to 5 mu m). The prepared MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material has good uniformity and orderliness, and the preparation method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness, low temperature of operation links and the like.
Preferably, the MAX phase ceramic particle suspension concentration in step (1) of the present invention is 5 wt% to 20 wt%, such as 5 wt%, 7 wt%, 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, etc.
The MAX phase ceramic particle suspension has too high concentration, which easily causes uneven coating thickness, and too low concentration, which easily causes discontinuous distribution of MAX phase ceramic particles or repeated coating steps, and increases the operation cost.
Preferably, the dispersing agent in the MAX phase ceramic particle suspension comprises one or a combination of at least two of an aqueous PVA solution, a PMMA anisole solution, polyethylene glycol and cyclohexane.
The concentration of the dispersant of the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension is not particularly limited, and the present invention may be implemented as long as the MAX-phase ceramic particles are stably suspended.
Preferably, the metal foil has a thickness of 6 to 400 μm, such as 6 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, and the like.
Preferably, the MAX phase ceramic particles have a particle size of 200 mesh or more, for example, 210 mesh, 270 mesh, 300 mesh, 350 mesh, and the like.
Preferably, the coating method is any one of spraying, brushing, spin coating, and dip-coating.
Preferably, the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles is applied in a thickness of 4 to 16 μm, such as 4 μm, 6 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 14 μm, 16 μm, etc.
Preferably, the overlapping manner in step (2) of the present invention includes folding or stacking.
Preferably, the stacking manner is folding, and the average thickness of the MAX-phase ceramic layer in each stacking unit of the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is 4-16 μm, such as 4 μm, 6 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, 12 μm, 14 μm, 16 μm, and the like.
Preferably, the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is laminated, and the average thickness of the MAX-phase ceramic layers in each laminated unit is 2 to 8 μm, such as 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, 6 μm, 7 μm, 8 μm, and the like.
The folding means that the metal foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic is folded in such a manner that the same ceramic layer is folded opposite to the ceramic layer, and the metal foil layer is folded opposite to the metal foil layer.
The lamination means that the metal foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic is laminated in a manner that the ceramic layer is opposite to the metal foil layer in a certain direction.
Preferably, the method for removing the dispersing agent from the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles is by thermal evaporation.
Preferably, the pressure heat treatment in step (3) of the present invention includes any one of hot press sintering, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) sintering, and hot rolling.
Preferably, the temperature of the pressure heat treatment is 850 to 1050 ℃, for example 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, and the like.
Preferably, the pressure of the pressure heat treatment is 20 to 200MPa, for example, 20MPa, 40MPa, 80MPa, 100MPa, 120MPa, 150MPa, 180MPa, 200MPa, and the like.
Preferably, the time of the pressure heat treatment is 15-120 min, such as 15min, 40min, 50min, 60min, 70min, 80min, 100min, 120min and the like.
The pressure heat treatment enables an interfacial reaction between the metal layer and the MAX phase ceramic layer to occur, increasing the interfacial strength, and densifying the composite.
As a preferred technical scheme, the preparation method of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) adding MAX phase ceramic particles with the particle size of more than 200 meshes into a dispersed PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) anisole solution to prepare a suspension with the concentration of 5-20 wt%, and coating the suspension on a metal foil with the thickness of 6-400 mu m in a spraying manner, wherein the coating thickness is 4-16 mu m;
(2) superposing the metal foils coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles, and heating and evaporating to remove the dispersing agent in the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) carrying out pressurized heat treatment on the pre-product at the temperature of 850-1050 ℃ and under the pressure of 20-200 MPa for 15-120 min to obtain the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite according to one of the objects, said composite being used in the field of vehicles, in the field of power transmission and transformation or in the field of military materials.
Preferably, the composite material is used for a pantograph slide plate of a high-speed train in the field of vehicles.
Preferably, the composite material is used for transformer wires or transmission lines in the field of power transmission and transformation.
Preferably, the composite material is used for a spot welding electrode in the field of material processing.
Preferably, the composite material is used for armor equipment in the field of military materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material, the metal foil is used as the substrate of the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material, so that the mechanical strength (tensile strength, compressive strength and the like) of the composite material is greatly enhanced.
(2) The MAX phase ceramic is compounded with the metal foil, and the composite material has the advantages of excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical ductility and tensile strength of the metal foil, and excellent strength and toughness of the MAX phase ceramic.
(3) According to the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material prepared by the invention, the metal foil and the MAX-phase ceramic are overlapped at intervals, so that a continuous metal layer exists along the bedding direction, and a continuous MAX layer is blocked in the direction vertical to the bedding direction, so that the composite material has anisotropic tensile strength, compressive strength, conductivity and the like (along the bedding direction and in the direction vertical to the bedding direction), and the tensile strength of the composite material in the direction parallel to the bedding direction reaches more than 300MPa, the compressive strength of the composite material in the direction parallel to the bedding direction reaches more than 660MPa, and the compressive strength of the composite material in the direction vertical to.
(4) The average thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layers in each superposed unit of the MAX phase ceramic-metal laminated composite material is very small (for example, the thickness deviation is less than or equal to 5 μm). The prepared MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material has good uniformity and orderliness, and the preparation method has the advantages of simplicity, easiness, low temperature of operation links and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the optical topography of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the electronic morphology of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the optical topography of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite obtained in example 7;
FIG. 4 is an electronic topography map of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite obtained in example 7;
FIG. 5 shows the optical topography of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite obtained in example 9;
figure 6 shows the electronic topography of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite obtained in example 9.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described by way of examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Ti which is sieved by a 400-mesh sieve2Dissolving AlC powder in PMMA solution to prepare MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension with the concentration of 10 wt%, and spraying the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension on copper foil with the thickness of 18 microns, wherein the thickness of MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension is 10 microns, so as to obtain the copper foil coated with MAX-phase ceramic particles;
(2) stacking the copper foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles into a 20-layer stacking unit, placing the stacked structure in a hot-pressing mold, and heating and evaporating to remove the PMMA solution to obtain a pre-product;
(3) pressurizing and heat-treating the pre-product, heating to 1000 ℃, pressurizing to 25MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 30min to finally obtain Ti in the MAX phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material2The volume content of AlC is 20%, the average thickness of the MAX-phase ceramic layer is 5 μm, the morphology of the prepared MAX-phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material is as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the metal foil layers and the MAX-phase ceramic layers are alternately arranged, and a laminated structure material of the metal foil layers, the MAX-phase ceramic layers, the metal foil layers, the MAX-phase ceramic layers and the MAX-phase ceramic layers- … … is formed, and the structure has good uniformity and order.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles in step (1) is applied to a thickness of 4 μm, resulting in a MAX phase ceramic-copper laminateTi in composite material2The AlC volume content is 10 percent, and the thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer is 2 mu m.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles in step (1) is applied to a thickness of 16 μm, resulting in MAX phase ceramic-copper layered composite material of Ti2The AlC volume content is 30 percent, and the thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer is 8 mu m.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is that the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles in step (1) is applied to a thickness of 3 μm, resulting in a MAX phase ceramic-copper layered composite of Ti2The AlC volume content is 5 percent, and the thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer is 1.5 mu m.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is that the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles in step (1) is applied to a thickness of 20 μm, resulting in MAX phase ceramic-copper layered composite material of Ti2The volume content of AlC is 35 percent, and the average thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer is 10 mu m.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is that the copper foil in step (1) has a thickness of 6 μm, and the copper foil layer in the finally obtained MAX phase ceramic-copper layered composite material has a thickness of 6 μm.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that the thickness of the copper foil in step (1) is 400 μm, the thickness of the copper foil layer in the MAX-phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material is 400 μm, the morphology of the MAX-phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material is as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the metal foil layers and the MAX-phase ceramic layers are alternately arranged, and a laminated structure material of metal foil layer-MAX-phase ceramic layer-metal foil layer-MAX-ceramic layer- … … is formed, wherein the structure has good uniformity and order.
Example 8
The difference from example 1 is that the copper foil is replaced with a nickel foil.
Example 9
The preparation method of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Ti of 600 meshes2Dissolving AlN powder in PMMA solution to prepare MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid with the concentration of 5 wt%, spraying the MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid on copper foil with the thickness of 18 mu m, wherein the coating thickness of the MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid is 10 mu m, and obtaining the copper foil coated with MAX phase ceramic particles;
(2) stacking the copper foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles into a 10-layer stacking unit, then placing the unit in a hot-pressing mold, and heating and evaporating to remove the PMMA solution to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) performing pressurization heat treatment on the pre-product, heating to 850 ℃, pressurizing to 200MPa, and keeping the temperature and pressure for 15min to finally obtain the MAX-phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material, wherein the morphology of the MAX-phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material is as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the metal foil layers and the MAX-phase ceramic layers are alternately arranged to form a laminated structure material of the metal foil layers, the MAX-phase ceramic layers, the metal foil layers, the MAX-phase ceramic layers and the MAX-phase ceramic layers, and the structure has good uniformity and order.
Example 10
The preparation method of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Ti of 200 meshes2AlN powder is dissolved in PMMA solution to prepare MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid with the concentration of 25 wt%, the MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid is sprayed on copper foil with the thickness of 18 mu m, the coating thickness of the MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid is 10 mu m, and the copper foil coated with MAX phase ceramic particles is obtained;
(2) stacking the copper foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles into a 50-layer stacking unit, then placing the unit in a hot-pressing mold, and heating and evaporating to remove the PMMA solution to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) carrying out pressurized heat treatment on the pre-product, heating to 1050 ℃, pressurizing to 20MPa, keeping the temperature and the pressure for 120min, and evaporating to remove the PMMA solution to finally obtain the MAX phase ceramic-copper layered composite material.
Example 11
The preparation method of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Ti which is sieved by a 400-mesh sieve2Dissolving AlC powder in PMMA solution to obtain MAX phase ceramic particles with the concentration of 10 wt%Particle suspension, namely spraying MAX phase ceramic particle suspension on copper foil with the thickness of 18 mu m, wherein the thickness of MAX phase ceramic particle suspension is 16 mu m, so as to obtain the copper foil coated with MAX phase ceramic particles;
(2) folding the copper foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles into 20 layers, laminating the copper foil into a unit, placing the unit in a hot-pressing mold, and heating and evaporating to remove the PMMA solution to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) pressurizing and heat-treating the pre-product, heating to 1000 ℃, pressurizing to 25MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 30min to finally obtain the MAX phase ceramic layer with the thickness of 16 mu m in the MAX phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material.
Example 12
The preparation method of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) taking Ti which is sieved by a 400-mesh sieve2Dissolving AlC powder in PMMA solution to prepare MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension with the concentration of 10 wt%, and spraying the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension on copper foil with the thickness of 18 microns, wherein the coating thickness of the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension is 4 microns, so as to obtain the copper foil coated with MAX-phase ceramic particles;
(2) folding the copper foil coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles, placing the folded copper foil in a hot-pressing mold, and heating and evaporating to remove the PMMA solution to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) pressurizing and heat-treating the pre-product, heating to 1000 ℃, pressurizing to 25MPa, and keeping the temperature and the pressure for 30min to finally obtain the MAX phase ceramic layer with the thickness of 4 mu m in the MAX phase ceramic-copper laminated composite material.
Comparative example 1
Taking example 1 in CN102260803B as a comparative example, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Ti with the purity of 98.5 percent20.74 g of AlC powder and 159 g of Cu powder with the purity of 99.9 percent;
(2) mixing the ingredients in the step (1), adding 110 ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 320 g of agate balls, carrying out ball milling and mixing for 2 hours, drying at 60 ℃, grinding the dried mixed raw materials, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) cold-pressing the mixed raw materials in the step (2) into a strip-shaped blank under the pressure of 140 MPa;
(4) step (3)) Putting the prepared strip-shaped blank into a graphite mould in a high-temperature furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at the speed of 40 ℃/min under the protection of argon, preserving the heat for 20min, and reducing the furnace temperature to 60 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min to obtain the nano TiC0.5The particles reinforce the Cu (Al) composite material in situ.
Comparative example 2
Taking example 1 in CN101028749B as a comparative example, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing Ti3AlC2Uniformly spreading the powder and Cu powder layer by layer into a mold with a diameter of 50mm, and applying a pressure of 120MPa to obtain 3 layers of Ti3AlC2Powder, 2-layer of Ti of Cu powder3AlC2-Cu-Ti3AlC2-Cu-Ti3AlC2A layered green body; loading the layered blank into a graphite crucible, placing into a high-temperature sintering furnace, heating the furnace to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 30 ℃/min under the protection of argon, preserving the temperature for 30min, and cooling to obtain 3 layers of Ti3C2-a layered composite of Cu-Al cermet, 2 layers of Cu-Al alloy.
And (3) performance testing:
the prepared MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is subjected to the following performance tests:
(1) tensile strength at room temperature
The test is carried out by using an electronic universal tester of Shenzhen Sansi CMT4105 model, the length of the parallel segment of the tensile sample is 18mm, the cross sectional area is 1.7mm multiplied by 3mm, and the tensile strength of each sample is calculated according to a calculation formula specified in GB/T228-2002. Each material was tested three times separately and the final tensile strength was averaged over the three test results.
(2) Compressive strength at room temperature
And testing by using a Shenzhen Sansi CMT4105 electronic universal tester, wherein a test sample is a cylinder with the diameter of 4mm and the height of 7mm, the loading rate is 0.25mm/min, and the compressive strength is calculated according to a calculation formula specified in GB/T7314-2005. Each material was tested three times and the final compressive strength was averaged over the three test results.
(3) Conductivity at room temperature
The sample size was 3mm by 36mm as measured using an Agilent 433B milliohm-meter. After the resistance value is measured, the resistivity is calculated according to the formula ρ ═ RS/L. Each material was tested in triplicate and the final resistivity was averaged over the results of the triplicate tests.
The results of the performance tests are shown in table 1 (a represents the direction parallel to the plane and b represents the direction perpendicular to the plane):
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001799157370000141
As can be seen from table 1, the compressive yield strength of the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite materials provided in examples 1 to 12 is significantly higher in the direction parallel to the layer plane than in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane, and is significantly lower in the direction parallel to the layer plane than in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane, which is presumed that the MAX-phase ceramic layer with high modulus is directly stressed when the pressure is applied in the direction parallel to the layer plane, and the MAX-phase ceramic layer and the metal foil layer with lower modulus are stressed together when the pressure is applied in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane, so that the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite materials have greater compressive yield strength in the direction parallel to the layer plane than in; when the loading pressure is further increased, the bonding force of the two-phase interface parallel to the layer direction is relatively weak, the two-phase bonding interface is broken under the action of external pressure, and when the pressure is loaded in the direction vertical to the layer direction, the MAX-phase ceramic layer and the metal foil layer are compacted in a densification manner, so that the maximum compressive strength parallel to the layer direction is lower than that in the direction vertical to the layer direction; meanwhile, because the continuous metal foil layer exists in the direction parallel to the layer surface, the conductivity of the metal foil layer is obviously better than that of the MAX phase ceramic layer and the metal foil layer which are alternately alternated in the direction vertical to the layer surface.
As can be seen from table 1, example 4 has lower tensile strength and yield strength resistance relative to example 1, probably due to the smaller volume content of the MAX phase ceramic layer with high modulus; the higher conductivity is probably due to the higher volume content of the well-conducting copper layer. Example 5 the compressive yield strength and compressive strength were higher relative to example 1, probably due to the higher volume content of the MAX phase ceramic layer with the higher modulus; the tensile strength is low, probably because the ceramic layer of MAX phase has large volume content and large brittleness, so the tensile property is low; the lower conductivity is likely due to the smaller volume content of the copper layer, which is well conductive.
As can be seen from Table 1, comparative example 1 has lower tensile and compressive properties, probably due to the use of Ti2The AlC powder and the Cu powder are uniformly mixed and prepared as raw materials, so that a reinforcing phase in the prepared composite material is uniformly dispersed and distributed, and the prepared composite material has a single-layer structure, so that the mechanical property is low.
Comparative example 2 has relatively low tensile properties and compression resistance compared to example 1, probably because the mechanical properties of the composite material prepared were low due to the use of Cu powder as a copper source, which is low relative to copper foil.
The column of compressive strength of the composite materials prepared in examples 2, 4, 7 and 12 has no specific data, and the prepared composite materials have good plasticity and no crack after final flattening, so the prepared composite materials have no compressive strength.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above examples to show the detailed process equipment and process flow of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed process equipment and process flow, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above detailed process equipment and process flow to be implemented. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (32)

1. The MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is characterized by comprising n stacked units, wherein each stacked unit comprises a metal foil layer and a MAX-phase ceramic layer attached to the metal foil layer, and n is more than or equal to 2;
in each superposition unit, the volume content of MAX phase ceramics is 5-30%;
in each superposition unit, the average thickness of the MAX-phase ceramic layers is 2-16 mu m.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein n.gtoreq.10.
3. The composite material of claim 2, wherein n.gtoreq.20.
4. The composite material of claim 3, wherein n.gtoreq.50.
5. The composite material of claim 4, wherein n is 50. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.100.
6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the metal foil comprises a copper foil and/or a nickel foil.
7. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the metal foil layer has a thickness of 9 to 80 μm in each of the stacked units.
8. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the MAX phase ceramic comprises any one of, or a combination of at least two of, a 312 phase MAX phase ceramic, a 211 phase MAX phase ceramic, and a 413 phase MAX phase ceramic.
9. The composite material of claim 8, wherein the 312-phase MAX-phase ceramic comprises Ti3AlC2、Ti3SiC2And Ti3SnC2Any one or a combination of at least two of them.
10. The composite material of claim 8, wherein the 211 phase MAX phase ceramic comprises Ti2AlC、Ti2AlN、Nb2AlC、Ti2AlN0.5C0.5、Cr2AlC、Ti2SnC and Nb2Any one or a combination of at least two of sncs.
11. The composite material of claim 8, wherein the 413 phase MAX phase ceramic comprises Ti4 AlC3And/or Nb4AlC3。
12. A method of producing a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) coating MAX phase ceramic particle suspension liquid on a metal foil;
(2) superposing the metal foils coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles, and removing the dispersing agent in the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) carrying out pressure heat treatment on the pre-product to obtain the MAX-phase ceramic-metal layered composite material.
13. The method of preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the concentration of MAX phase ceramic particles in the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles in step (1) is between 5 wt% and 20 wt%.
14. The method of preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the dispersing agent in the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles comprises any one or a combination of at least two of aqueous PVA solution, PMMA anisole solution, polyethylene glycol and cyclohexane.
15. The method of preparing a composite material of claim 12, wherein the metal foil layer has a thickness of 6 to 400 μ ι η.
16. The method of preparing a composite material of claim 12, wherein the MAX phase ceramic particles are above 200 mesh in size.
17. The method of preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the coating method comprises any one of spraying, brushing, spin coating, dip-coating and drawing.
18. The method of preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles is applied to a thickness of 4 to 16 μ ι η.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein the laminating of step (2) comprises folding or laminating.
20. The method of manufacturing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the stacking is by folding, and the average thickness of the MAX phase ceramic layer in each stacking unit of the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material is 4 to 16 μm.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein the stacking is by stacking, and the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite has an average MAX phase ceramic layer thickness of 2 μm to 8 μm per stacking unit.
22. A method of preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the removal of the dispersing agent from the suspension of MAX phase ceramic particles is by thermal evaporation.
23. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the pressure heat treatment of the step (3) includes any one of hot press sintering, SPS sintering, and hot rolling.
24. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the temperature of the pressure heat treatment is 850 to 1050 ℃.
25. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the pressure of the pressure heat treatment is 20 to 200 MPa.
26. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 12, wherein the time for the pressure heat treatment is 15 to 120 min.
27. The method of making a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite of claim 12, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding MAX phase ceramic particles with the particle size of more than 200 meshes into a dispersed PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) anisole solution to prepare a suspension with the concentration of 5-20 wt%, and coating the suspension on a metal foil with the thickness of 6-400 mu m in a spraying manner, wherein the coating thickness is 4-16 mu m;
(2) superposing the metal foils coated with the MAX-phase ceramic particles, and heating and evaporating to remove the dispersing agent in the MAX-phase ceramic particle suspension to obtain a pre-product;
(3) and (3) carrying out pressurized heat treatment on the pre-product at the temperature of 850-1050 ℃ and under the pressure of 20-200 MPa for 15-120 min to obtain the MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite material.
28. Use of a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite according to any of claims 1 to 11 in the field of vehicles, power transmission and transformation or military materials.
29. Use according to claim 28, wherein the composite material is used for pantograph slides for high speed trains in the field of vehicles.
30. Use according to claim 28, wherein the composite material is used for transformer wires or transmission lines in the field of power transmission and transformation.
31. Use according to claim 28, wherein the composite material is used for armour equipment in the field of military materials.
32. Use of a MAX phase ceramic-metal layered composite according to any of claims 1 to 11 for a spot welding electrode in the field of material processing.
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