CN109317936A - A kind of Blade measuring pedestal preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of Blade measuring pedestal preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109317936A CN109317936A CN201811497573.4A CN201811497573A CN109317936A CN 109317936 A CN109317936 A CN 109317936A CN 201811497573 A CN201811497573 A CN 201811497573A CN 109317936 A CN109317936 A CN 109317936A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003781 tooth socket Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of Blade measuring pedestal preparation method comprising following steps, step A, a casting equipment is provided, the casting equipment includes casting pedestal, stationary positioned block and active positioning block, step B, it is poured low-melting alloy and takes out the blade to low-melting alloy cooled and solidified.Step C provides a cutting equipment, using the alloy component of the cladding locking plate slot of heating wire cutting tenon tooth bottom, completes the preparation to the rectangular block.A kind of Blade measuring pedestal preparation method provided by the present invention is substantially shorter the measurement duration of blade, while can reduce production cost and maintenance cost by preparing standardized base.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aero-engine production, in particular to a method for preparing a base for measuring blade parts in the production process of turbine blades of small and medium-sized aero-engines.
Background
In the manufacturing process of the aircraft engine, the turbine blade can be formed by casting a single blade part in a precision casting mode, and then the single blade part is assembled on the flange plate to form a turbine whole.
FIG. 1a is a schematic perspective view of a first stage turbine blade; FIG. 1b is a schematic perspective view of a two-stage turbine blade; FIG. 1c is a schematic perspective view of a free-turbine blade; FIG. 2a is a schematic illustration of a blade profile sizing of the first stage turbine blade of FIG. 1 a; FIG. 2b is a schematic illustration of platform sizing of the first stage turbine blade of FIG. 1 a; FIG. 2c is a schematic illustration of a measurement of the tip tab slot dimensions of the dovetail for the stage one turbine blade of FIG. 1 a; in fig. 2c, a schematic front view and a schematic left view of the measuring fixture during the measuring process are shown.
Referring to fig. 1a-2c, in the manufacturing process of a gas turbine, for each individual turbine blade casting produced through a precision casting process, it is generally required to measure the blade profile size of the blade body 11, the size of the platform 12 and the size of the locking plate slot 131 at the top of the tenon tooth 13 after the turbine blade 1 is cast, so as to judge whether the cast single blade is a qualified product.
In the existing measurement process, for the measurement of the blade profile size, as shown in fig. 2a, a pair of rolling rods 2 (corresponding special rolling rods 2, that is, rolling rods 2 with different diameters are designed for different types of blades 1) are required to clamp the tenon tooth 13 on a special vice, during the measurement, the rolling rods 2 are firstly aligned for establishing a coordinate system used during the blade measurement, and then a special measuring tool (not shown in the figure) is used for measuring the blade profile size of the blade body 11.
For the measurement of the dimension of the flange 12, as shown in fig. 2b, a special measuring tool is used to clamp all the tenon teeth 13, expose the flange 12, and measure the dimension of the flange 12 with a special measuring tool (not shown).
For the dimension measurement of the locking piece slot 131 at the top of the tenon tooth 13, as shown in fig. 2c, a special measurement tool needs to be used to clamp the tenon tooth 13 and expose the top tooth portion, so that the locking piece slot 131 can not be blocked, and then a special measurement tool (not shown in the figure) is used to measure the relevant dimension of the locking piece slot 131.
Although each individual turbine blade 1 produced by the precision casting process has a cylindrical process boss 14 with dimensional accuracy guaranteed, the process boss 14 is mainly used for clamping and positioning of subsequent machining processes in the existing production process, and the process boss 14 is not physically used (for example, clamping, positioning and the like) in the existing measurement process.
As shown in fig. 2a, in the conventional blade measurement process, the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1 is generally established by using the rolling rods 2 tightly clamping the tenon teeth 13 of the blade 1 (generally, the first pair of concave parts clamped at two sides of the top teeth of the tenon teeth 13 as shown in fig. 2 a) to establish a datum plane, that is, an x-y plane is established according to the axes of two theoretically parallel rolling rods 2, the axis of the cylindrical process boss 14 of the blade 1 is taken as a z-axis, the intersection point of the z-axis and the x-y plane is taken as an origin, the x-axis passes through the origin and is parallel to the axis of the rolling rods 2, and the y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis. In the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1, the z-axis is used to indicate the position relationship among the blade body 11, the platform 12 and the tenon tooth 13, and it is usually directed in the direction from the tenon tooth 13 to the blade body 11, and the x-axis and the y-axis are mainly used to indicate the tooth shape of the tenon tooth 13, so the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis can be adjusted according to the need (e.g. the matching convenience with the reference coordinate system of the measuring tool during the measurement), that is, the direction of the x-axis may be the direction from the air inlet side of the blade to the air outlet side, or vice versa, and the direction of the y-axis may be the direction from the basin side to the back side of the blade, or vice versa.
During measurements with different measuring tools or for different types of blades, the theoretical reference coordinate system can be translated according to the actual conditions of the measuring tools, i.e. for the measuring instruments to facilitate reading, the origin of the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1 can be moved in the direction of the three coordinate axes by Δ x, Δ y, Δ z, respectively, so as to be able to coincide with the reference coordinate system of the measuring instrument. Of course, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the theoretical reference frame of the blade may also be rotated as shown in figures 2b, 2c in order to facilitate operation of the surveying instrument.
As described above, for different turbine blades as shown in fig. 1a to 1c, the existing measurement process methods are all that, when measuring the blade profile of the blade body 11, a dedicated measurement tool is used to clamp the tenon tooth 13 (for example, a first pair of concave parts on both sides of the top tooth of the tenon tooth 13 are clamped by a pair of rolling bars 2 on a dedicated vice) to expose the blade profile, and the size of the blade profile is measured by positioning the tenon tooth 13; when the relevant dimension of the locking piece slot 131 at the top of the tenon tooth 13 is measured, replacing a special measuring tool, clamping most of the tenon teeth 13 and exposing the tops of the tenon teeth, thereby measuring the relevant dimension of the locking piece slot 131; when the size of the flange plate 12 is measured, a plurality of sets of special measuring tools need to be replaced according to the change of the measuring position, the tenon tooth 13 is clamped to expose the measured position of the flange plate 12, and the relevant size is measured.
The existing measuring method has a complex and complicated process, for example, when the blade profile is measured, in the process of clamping the roller bars 2 by using a vice, the horizontal degree of the two roller bars 2 can finally influence the precision of the blade profile data obtained by measurement, so that an operator has to have rich experience to ensure the efficiency of the process of clamping the roller bars 2; and for the special measuring tool for measuring the flange plate 12 and the locking plate groove 131, as shown in fig. 2b and 2c, if the gap of the installation groove is too large, the blade state after clamping is difficult to ensure to be consistent, and if the gap is too small, the blade is difficult to be installed, so that the manufacturing difficulty of the installation groove is large, and the precision is difficult to ensure. Moreover, in order to avoid damage to the blade, the hardness of the material used for manufacturing the special measuring tool (especially the mounting groove position) is generally lower than that of the blade 1, so that the mounting groove is easily worn during use, and the size is changed.
In the measuring process, each measuring part needs a special tool, so that each blade needs multiple sets of special tools, and the production cost is high. In addition, the large number of the tools also causes great management difficulty and increases the maintenance difficulty of the tools. And because the whole process is manually operated, the clamping and measuring process of each size requires a skilled operation skill of an operator.
The existing measuring process has low operation efficiency. For at least hundreds of finished products of various blade precision castings in each batch in actual production, each blade needs to be measured, so that the measuring process needs to consume a long time, and the measuring process can become one of important factors for prolonging the whole production period.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a blade measuring base, so as to reduce or avoid the aforementioned problems.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a blade measuring base, the base is used for measuring the blade profile dimension of a blade body of a turbine blade, the size of a flange plate and the size of a locking plate groove at the top of a tenon tooth, the base is a rectangular block which is cast and formed by a low-melting point alloy and surrounds the tenon tooth, the locking plate groove is not covered by the low-melting point alloy, the turbine blade has a theoretical reference coordinate system, the z axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system coincides with the axis of a process boss of the blade, the x-y plane of the theoretical reference coordinate system can be established by two axes of a clamping state of two standard rolling rods which can clamp a first pair of concave parts at two sides of the top tooth of the tenon tooth, the intersection point of the z axis and the x-y plane is an origin, and the x axis passes through the origin and is parallel to the axes of the rolling rods, the y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis. The rectangular block comprises a first side elevation, a second side elevation, a third side elevation and a fourth side elevation which are sequentially connected, the first side elevation and/or the third side elevation is parallel to an x axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, the second side elevation and/or the fourth side elevation is parallel to a y axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, the rectangular block further comprises a first horizontal plane which is perpendicular to a z axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system and close to the locking piece groove, and the minimum distance between the top surface of the rectangular block and the edge plate in the z axis direction is not less than 2 mm. Which comprises the following steps of,
step A, a casting device is provided, the casting device comprises a casting base, a fixed positioning block and a movable positioning block, the fixed positioning block is fixedly connected with the casting base, the movable positioning block is slidably connected with the casting base, the fixed positioning block is provided with a fixed clamping part of a molded surface consistent with a semi-circular arc surface of a standard rolling rod, the movable positioning block is provided with a movable clamping part of a molded surface consistent with a semi-circular arc surface of a standard rolling rod, the movable clamping part is attached to a first pair of concave parts of the tenon teeth of the blade, the fixed clamping part of the fixed positioning block is attached to the fixed positioning block, then the movable positioning block is moved, the movable clamping part is enabled to be paired with the fixed clamping part, the tenon teeth are clamped and fixed, and then the movable positioning block is fixed to form clamping and fixing of the blade 1.
And B, casting a low-melting-point alloy in a closed cavity formed by the casting base and the movable positioning block and used for casting the low-melting-point alloy, and taking out the blade after the low-melting-point alloy is cooled and solidified.
And step C, providing cutting equipment, wherein the cutting equipment comprises a cutting base and a cutting frame, the cutting base is connected with a second lifting arm capable of lifting, the second lifting arm is provided with a second process boss fastening device, the cutting frame is provided with a U-shaped support capable of lifting, a heating wire is installed on the U-shaped support, the process boss is inserted into the second process boss fixing device, the blade is lifted on the second lifting arm, the cutting frame is moved along the cutting base after being heated by the heating wire, the coating at the bottom of the tenon tooth is used for cutting the alloy part of the lock piece groove, and after the cutting, the coating at the bottom of the tenon tooth naturally drops off the alloy part of the lock piece groove, so that the preparation of the rectangular block is completed.
Preferably, in step a, the casting base is provided with three side walls connected in sequence, the fixed positioning block is fixedly connected with the casting base by the middle side wall, the casting base is provided with a guide groove on the side opposite to the middle side wall, and the movable positioning block is slidably connected with the casting base through a guide block matched with the guide groove.
Preferably, in the step a, a lifting rod is arranged on a side wall of the casting base in the middle, a horizontal telescopic rod is arranged at the top of the lifting rod, the horizontal telescopic rod comprises a T-shaped rod, after a first blade is clamped and fixed, the position of the T-shaped rod is adjusted, so that a cross rod of a T-shaped head of the T-shaped rod is supported against the process boss, the position of the T-shaped rod is fixed, and in a subsequent clamping process of the blade, the initial position of the blade is positioned by using the T-shaped rod.
Preferably, in step a, the fixed positioning top surface of the fixed positioning block is used for molding the first horizontal surface.
Preferably, in step a, a scale is marked on the fixed clamping part.
According to the method for preparing the blade measuring base, the standard base is prepared, so that the measuring period of the blade can be greatly shortened, and meanwhile, the production cost and the maintenance cost can be reduced.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein,
FIG. 1a is a schematic perspective view of a first stage turbine blade;
FIG. 1b is a schematic perspective view of a two-stage turbine blade;
FIG. 1c is a schematic perspective view of a free-turbine blade;
FIG. 2a is a schematic illustration of a blade profile sizing of the first stage turbine blade of FIG. 1 a;
FIG. 2b is a schematic illustration of platform sizing of the first stage turbine blade of FIG. 1 a;
FIG. 2c is a schematic illustration of a measurement of the tip tab slot dimensions of the dovetail for the stage one turbine blade of FIG. 1 a;
FIG. 3a is a schematic view of a base prepared by a method of preparing a blade measurement base according to an embodiment of the present invention for measuring a profile dimension of a turbine blade;
FIG. 3b is a schematic illustration of platform sizing of the turbine blade of FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 3c is a schematic illustration of a tooth top cleat slot size measurement taken on the turbine blade of FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 4a is a schematic partial cross-sectional structural view of a casting apparatus for preparing the base of FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 4b is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 4a in a partial section;
FIG. 4c is a schematic perspective view of the backup bar of FIG. 4 a;
FIG. 4d is a schematic perspective view of a rectangular block formed by the casting apparatus of FIG. 4 a;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structural principle of a cutting apparatus for cutting the rectangular block prepared in fig. 4 a.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein like parts are given like reference numerals.
FIG. 1a is a schematic perspective view of a first stage turbine blade; FIG. 2a is a schematic illustration of a blade profile sizing of the first stage turbine blade of FIG. 1 a; FIG. 3a is a schematic view of a base prepared by a method of preparing a blade measurement base according to an embodiment of the present invention for measuring a profile dimension of a turbine blade; FIG. 3b is a schematic illustration of platform sizing of the turbine blade of FIG. 3 a; FIG. 3c is a schematic illustration of a tooth top cleat slot size measurement taken on the turbine blade of FIG. 3 a; FIG. 4a is a schematic partial cross-sectional structural view of a casting apparatus for preparing the base of FIG. 3 a; FIG. 4b is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 4a in a partial section; FIG. 4c is a schematic perspective view of the backup bar of FIG. 4 a; FIG. 4d is a schematic perspective view of a rectangular block formed by the casting apparatus of FIG. 4 a; fig. 5 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structural principle of a cutting apparatus for cutting the rectangular block prepared in fig. 4 a. Referring to fig. 1a, 2a, 3a-5, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a blade measuring base, the base is used for measuring the blade profile size of a blade body 11 of a turbine blade 1, the size of a flange 12 and the size of a locking plate groove 131 at the top of a tenon tooth 13, the rectangular block 3 surrounding the tenon tooth 13 is formed by casting low-melting point alloy, the locking plate groove 131 is not covered by the low-melting point alloy, the rectangular block 3 is exposed, the turbine blade 1 has a theoretical reference coordinate system, the z-axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system is coincident with the axis of a process boss 14 of the blade 1, the x-y plane of the theoretical reference coordinate system can be established by two axes of two standard rolling rods 2 which can clamp a first pair of concave parts at two sides of the top tooth of the tenon tooth 13 in a clamping state, the intersection point of the z-axis and the x-y plane is the origin, the x-axis passes through the origin and is parallel to the axis of the roller 2, and the y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis. The rectangular block 3 comprises a first side elevation, a second side elevation, a third side elevation and a fourth side elevation which are connected in sequence, the first side elevation and/or the third side elevation is parallel to the x axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, the second side elevation and/or the fourth side elevation is parallel to the y axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, the rectangular block 3 further comprises a first horizontal plane 31 which is perpendicular to the z axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system and close to the locking piece groove 131, and the minimum distance between the top surface of the rectangular block and the flange plate 12 in the z axis direction is not less than 2 mm. Which comprises the following steps of,
step a, providing a casting device 4, where the casting device 4 includes a casting base 41, a fixed positioning block 42, and a movable positioning block 43, the fixed positioning block 42 is fixedly connected to the casting base 41, the movable positioning block 43 is slidably connected to the casting base 41, the fixed positioning block 42 is provided with a fixed clamping portion 422 having a profile that is consistent with a semi-circular arc surface of the standard rolling rod 2, the movable positioning block 43 is provided with a movable clamping portion 432 having a profile that is consistent with a semi-circular arc surface of the standard rolling rod 2, a first tooth socket (i.e., a first pair of concave portions) of the tenon tooth 13 of the blade 1 is attached to the fixed clamping portion 422 of the fixed positioning block 42, and then the movable positioning block 43 is moved so that the movable clamping portion 432 and the fixed clamping portion 422 form clamping fixation on the tenon tooth 13, and then the movable positioning block 43 is fixed, this makes it possible to form a clamping fixation of the blade 1, as in the prior art described in the background, for the measurements of the profile dimensions, by clamping the tooth 13 with a pair of standard rollers 2 on a special vice.
Referring to fig. 4a and 4b, the casting base 41 may be provided with three sidewalls connected in sequence, the fixed positioning block 42 may be fixedly connected to the casting base 41 by a countersunk bolt (not shown) or the like depending on the middle sidewall, the casting base 41 may be provided with a guide slot 411 at a side opposite to the middle sidewall, such that the movable positioning block 43 may be slidably connected to the casting base 41 by providing a guide block matching with the guide slot 411, and when the movable clamping portion 432 and the fixed clamping portion 422 form a clamping fixation to the tenon 13, the three sidewalls of the casting base 41 and the movable positioning block 43 may form a closed cavity for casting a low melting point alloy.
The fixed clamping portion 422 and the movable clamping portion 432 are both provided with a profile which is consistent with the semi-circular arc surface of the standard rolling rod 2, so that the x-y plane of the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1 can be fixed by clamping and fixing the tenon tooth 13 by the fixed clamping portion 422 and the movable clamping portion 432, and because only the fixable line of the movable clamping portion 432 moves linearly during operation, the clamping of the fixed clamping portion 422 and the movable clamping portion 432 is easier to operate than the clamping of the tenon tooth 13 by the pair of standard rolling rods 2 on a special vice during the measurement of the size of the blade profile in the prior art, which is described in the background art, so that the skill requirement of an operator can be greatly reduced.
For different types of blades 1, the casting base 41 can be used for forming a closed cavity for casting the low-melting-point alloy by only providing the corresponding fixed positioning block 42 and the corresponding movable positioning block 43 according to a targeted design. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the tool can be greatly reduced.
For convenience of operation, the casting base 41 may be further provided with a lifting rod 412 on the middle side wall, the top of the lifting rod is provided with a horizontal telescopic rod 413, the horizontal telescopic rod 413 comprises a T-shaped rod 414, so that, for each type of said blades 1, the clamping of the first piece of said blade 1 can be carried out by a skilled worker by hand, when the first piece of said blade 1 is clamped and fixed, the position of the T-bar 414 can be adjusted so that the cross-bar of the T-head of the T-bar 414 comes into abutment with the technological boss 14 of the blade 1, and fixes the position of the T-bar 414 so that, during subsequent clamping of the blade 1, even if unskilled operators can also utilize the T-shaped rod 414 to complete the positioning of the initial position of the blade 1, so that the clamping difficulty can be reduced, and the clamping efficiency can be greatly improved.
The fixed positioning top surface 421 of the fixed positioning block 42 may be used to form the first horizontal surface 31, and as long as the precision of the movable positioning block 43 can be well controlled, the movable positioning top surface 431 of the movable positioning block 43 may also be used to form the first horizontal surface 31, and of course, in the subsequent measurement process, only the surface formed by the fixed positioning top surface 421 of the fixed positioning block 42 may be used as the first horizontal surface 31, so that the manufacturing requirement on the fixed positioning top surface 421 of the movable positioning block 43 may be reduced, and the manufacturing cost may be reduced.
Since the clamping of the standard roller 2 to the blade 1 can be repeated by the fixed clamping portion 422 and the movable clamping portion 432, the first side elevation, the third side elevation, the second side elevation and the fourth side elevation of the blade 1 can be easily prepared by the side wall of the closed cavity for casting the low melting point alloy, which is formed by the casting base 41 and the movable positioning block 43.
And step B, pouring the low-melting-point alloy into a closed cavity for pouring the low-melting-point alloy, which is formed by the pouring base 41 and the movable positioning block 43, dipping cold water by using a brush after pouring, brushing the low-melting-point alloy on the low-melting-point alloy, waiting for about 5 seconds, cooling and solidifying the low-melting-point alloy, and loosening the movable positioning block 43 to take out the blade 1 provided with the rectangular block 3.
Since the fixed clamping portion 422 and the movable clamping portion 432 can clamp the tenon tooth 13, no low-melting-point alloy part exists at the part of the rectangular block 3 cast and molded in this step, that is, a cavity exists in the part of the rectangular block 3 where the tenon tooth 13 is clamped.
FIG. 4d is a schematic perspective view of a rectangular block formed by the casting apparatus of FIG. 4 a; referring to fig. 4d, a schematic perspective view of the rectangular block 3 is shown, wherein the two symmetrical grooves on the two sides of the rectangular block 3 are the strip-shaped cavities 32 formed by the fixed clamping parts 422 and the movable clamping parts 432, and the top protrusions are the structures formed by the space of the low-melting-point alloy flowing into the guide slots 411.
Step C, providing a cutting device 5, wherein the cutting device 5 comprises a cutting base 51 and a cutting frame 52, the cutting base 51 is connected with a second lifting arm 511 capable of lifting, the second lifting arm 511 is provided with a second process boss fastening device 54, the process boss 14 of the blade 1 to be measured is inserted and installed in the second process boss fixing device 54, the blade 1 is locked in the second process boss fixing device 54 through screws, the blade 1 is hung on the second lifting arm 511, the position of the second lifting arm 511 in the vertical direction is locked through adjustment, so that the directions of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1 can be fixed, the cutting frame 52 is provided with a U-shaped bracket 521 capable of lifting, the U-shaped bracket 521 is provided with an electric heating wire 522, and the electric heating wire can reach 230 ℃ after being heated, thus, the alloy portion of the bottom of the tenon tooth 13 covering the locking piece groove 131 can be cut by the heating wire 522 by moving the cutting frame 52 along the cutting base 51, and the height of the U-shaped bracket 521 can be adjusted to ensure that the heating wire 522 only cuts the alloy portion below the first horizontal plane 31, thereby having no influence on the first horizontal plane 31. I.e. to accommodate alloy cutting for different types of blades. After cutting, the alloy part at the bottom of the tenon tooth 13 covering the lock piece slot 131 naturally falls off, so that the rectangular block 3 is prepared.
As shown in step B, since the rectangular block 3 has a cavity at the position where the tenon tooth 13 is clamped, when the cutting frame 52 is operated, a reference is easily formed on the first horizontal surface 31 formed by the fixed positioning top 421, so as to facilitate cutting of the alloy portion covering the lock piece slot 131.
In the casting process, no special requirement is required on the top surface of the rectangular block 3, so that the rectangular block is not in contact with the flange plate 12 by eyes, and the side walls of the casting base 41 or the movable positioning block 43 can be marked with scale marks, so that the casting operation is more convenient.
Referring to fig. 5, the second suspension arm 511 may be provided with a bearing, and the second process platform fixing device 54 is rotatably connected with the second suspension arm 511 via the bearing, so that after the blade 1 is hung on the second suspension arm 511, the directions of the x, y and z axes of the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1 are fixed, but the theoretical reference coordinate system can still rotate on the second suspension arm 511. Then, a positioning template 55 corresponding to the blade 1 to be measured is provided and mounted on the cutting base 51, so that the angular direction of the blade 1 can be fixed by the fitting of the positioning template 55 and the flange 12 of the blade 1, thereby fixing all degrees of freedom of the blade 1. Therefore, the same track of the cutting frame 52 is obtained when cutting the same type of blade, and the control of the movement of the cutting frame 52 can be simplified by arranging corresponding guide rails on the cutting base 51.
Because the low-melting-point alloy has good hardness and strength, the rectangular block 3 surrounding the tenon tooth 13 is formed by casting the low-melting-point alloy, and the low-melting-point alloy shrinks towards the tenon tooth 13 after being cooled, solidified and shaped, so that the tenon tooth 13 is firmly clamped by the tooth profile of the tenon tooth 13.
Since the first side elevation and/or the third side elevation of the rectangular block 3 are parallel to the x-axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, the second side elevation and/or the fourth side elevation are parallel to the y-axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, and the first horizontal plane 31 is perpendicular to the z-axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, i.e. the first horizontal plane 31 is parallel to the x-y plane, the reference coordinate system of the blade 1 can be defined by limiting the outer surface of the rectangular block 3, and the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1 can be easily made parallel to the reference coordinate system of the measuring instrument, so that the blade 1 can be conveniently positioned and fixed by using similar fixtures capable of limiting at least three surfaces in each measuring stage, and the reference coordinate system of the measuring instrument can be conveniently adjusted to coincide with the theoretical reference coordinate system of the blade 1, the measuring tool and the measuring tool structure in each measuring process can be simplified. And improve the measurement efficiency.
The first side elevation and/or the third side elevation and the second side elevation and/or the fourth side elevation of the rectangular block 3 are mainly used for clamping and positioning, and in the subsequent measurement process, the reference coordinate system of the blade 1 can be controlled by positioning the process boss 14, so that the blade 1 and the flange plate 12 only need to be not too close to each other and have a certain distance (for example, the minimum distance is not less than 5mm, the maximum distance is not more than 30mm, and if the distance is too large, the rectangular block 3 is easy to have a large volume, and the energy consumption of the manufacturing process is wasted), therefore, in the step a, when the blade 1 to be measured is fixed, only the flange plate 12 needs to be kept at a certain distance from the side wall of the casting cavity 43, and of course, the coordinate system of the rectangular block 3 cast by the same type of blade 1 can be controlled to be stable by marking scales on the fixing clamping part 422, thereby facilitating subsequent batch standardization measurement.
The minimum distance between the top surface of the rectangular block 3 and the flange 12 in the z-axis direction can be controlled to be larger than 2mm, so that the space requirement for measuring the size of the flange 12 can be ensured.
The minimum distance between the first horizontal surface 31 and the locking piece slot 131 in the z-axis direction can be greater than 1.5 mm. This leaves sufficient measurement space for the locking piece slot 131.
In practice, for 3 kinds of turbine blades of a certain type of engine, the method of the invention can greatly simplify the structures of the measuring tool and the measuring tool in the measuring process, thereby greatly reducing the preparation time for replacing the measuring tool, and shortening the construction period by about 50 percent compared with the original process method in the background technology. Moreover, because the measuring tools are reduced, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the tool cost can be reduced by about 60 percent compared with the original measuring method in the background technology. In the measuring process, because the planes such as the side vertical face and the horizontal plane of the rectangular block 3 are positioned and clamped, the high-precision loose block positioning in the background technology can be avoided, the manufacturing cost of the tool is reduced, and the difficulty in tool maintenance is also reduced.
According to the method for preparing the blade measuring base, the standard base is prepared, so that the measuring period of the blade can be greatly shortened, and meanwhile, the production cost and the maintenance cost can be reduced.
It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that while the present invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment. The description is given for clearness of understanding only, and it is to be understood that all matters in the embodiments are to be interpreted as including technical equivalents which are related to the embodiments and which are combined with each other to illustrate the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent alterations, modifications and combinations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a blade measuring base is characterized in that the base is used for measuring the blade profile size of a blade body of a turbine blade, the size of a flange plate and the size of a locking plate groove at the top of a tenon tooth, the base is a rectangular block which is formed by casting low-melting-point alloy and surrounds the tenon tooth, the lock piece groove is not covered by the low-melting-point alloy, the turbine blade having a theoretical reference frame, the z-axis of which coincides with the axis of the process boss of the blade, the x-y plane of the theoretical reference coordinate system can be established by two axes of two standard rollers in a clamping state, wherein the two axes can clamp the first pair of concave parts on two sides of the top tooth of the tenon tooth, the intersection point of the z axis and the x-y plane is an origin, the x axis passes through the origin and is parallel to the axes of the rollers, and the y axis is perpendicular to the x axis. The rectangular block comprises a first side elevation, a second side elevation, a third side elevation and a fourth side elevation which are sequentially connected, the first side elevation and/or the third side elevation is parallel to an x axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, the second side elevation and/or the fourth side elevation is parallel to a y axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system, the rectangular block further comprises a first horizontal plane which is perpendicular to a z axis of the theoretical reference coordinate system and close to the locking piece groove, and the minimum distance between the top surface of the rectangular block and the edge plate in the z axis direction is not less than 2 mm. Which comprises the following steps of,
step A, a casting device is provided, the casting device comprises a casting base, a fixed positioning block and a movable positioning block, the fixed positioning block is fixedly connected with the casting base, the movable positioning block is slidably connected with the casting base, the fixed positioning block is provided with a fixed clamping part of a molded surface consistent with a semi-circular arc surface of a standard rolling rod, the movable positioning block is provided with a movable clamping part of a molded surface consistent with a semi-circular arc surface of a standard rolling rod, the movable clamping part is attached to a first pair of concave parts of the tenon teeth of the blade, the fixed clamping part of the fixed positioning block is attached to the fixed positioning block, then the movable positioning block is moved, the movable clamping part is enabled to be paired with the fixed clamping part, the tenon teeth are clamped and fixed, and then the movable positioning block is fixed to form clamping and fixing of the blade 1.
And B, casting a low-melting-point alloy in a closed cavity formed by the casting base and the movable positioning block and used for casting the low-melting-point alloy, and taking out the blade after the low-melting-point alloy is cooled and solidified.
And step C, providing cutting equipment, wherein the cutting equipment comprises a cutting base and a cutting frame, the cutting base is connected with a second lifting arm capable of lifting, the second lifting arm is provided with a second process boss fastening device, the cutting frame is provided with a U-shaped support capable of lifting, a heating wire is installed on the U-shaped support, the process boss is inserted into the second process boss fixing device, the blade is lifted on the second lifting arm, the cutting frame is moved along the cutting base after being heated by the heating wire, the coating at the bottom of the tenon tooth is used for cutting the alloy part of the lock piece groove, and after the cutting, the coating at the bottom of the tenon tooth naturally drops off the alloy part of the lock piece groove, so that the preparation of the rectangular block is completed.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step a, the casting base is provided with three side walls connected in sequence, the fixed positioning block is fixedly connected with the casting base by the middle side wall, the casting base is provided with a guide groove at the side opposite to the middle side wall, and the movable positioning block is slidably connected with the casting base through a guide block matched with the guide groove.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the casting base is provided with a lifting rod on the side wall in the middle, the top of the lifting rod is provided with a horizontal telescopic rod, the horizontal telescopic rod comprises a T-shaped rod, after the first blade is clamped and fixed, the position of the T-shaped rod is adjusted, so that a cross rod of the T-shaped head of the T-shaped rod is abutted against the technological boss, the position of the T-shaped rod is fixed, and in the subsequent clamping process of the blade, the initial position of the blade is positioned by using the T-shaped rod.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step a, the fixed locating top surface of the fixed locating block is used to shape the first horizontal surface.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step a, the fixed clamp is marked with a scale.
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