CN109315623B - Pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of fattening pigs as well as preparation method and application of pre-slaughter feed - Google Patents
Pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of fattening pigs as well as preparation method and application of pre-slaughter feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of fattening pigs as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of feeds. The feed comprises the following components in each kilogram: 640-680 g of corn, 120-150 g of soybean meal, 120-170 g of soybean hull or bran, 2-3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4-0.6 g of L-threonine, 15-25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 8-12 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 6.4-12 g of stone powder, 8.5-10 g of salt, 0.1-0.2 mg of yeast selenium, 0.05-0.1 g of prebiotics, 20-40 mg of vitamin E and 8-15 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix. The pre-slaughter feed provided by the invention can reduce the subcutaneous fat rate of fattening pigs and improve the lean meat rate, the intramuscular fat content and the meat quality. The feed is mainly used in the late stage of fattening (2-4 weeks before slaughtering), and has high input-output ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of fattening pigs as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The carcass composition and meat quality of commercial pigs are mainly influenced by factors such as heredity (variety), nutrition, feeding management and the like. Crossbreeding and intensive breeding modes which have been adopted for a long time to reduce the meat cost have a great negative effect on the pork quality, so that the carcass composition and the meat quality of lean pigs need to be improved through nutritional intervention. The quality of meat is mainly embodied in the aspects of intramuscular fat content, meat color, tenderness, water retention capacity, pH value and the like; among them, the intramuscular fat content is the most critical factor for determining the pork quality, and the value thereof is usually in positive correlation with the subcutaneous fat (fat, leaf fat) content. The quest for high lean, low fat rates is usually at a direct cost of reducing intramuscular fat content. The intramuscular fat content can be improved to different degrees by increasing the energy-egg ratio of the feed or additionally using fat additive products, but the subcutaneous fat deposition is also increased. How to maintain/improve the intramuscular fat content while reducing subcutaneous fat deposition becomes a key technical difficulty for commercial pig breeding. In addition, under the modern genetic and breeding management conditions, inferior pork (such as PSE meat and DFD meat) of commercial pigs occurs, the meat color, the tenderness and the water holding capacity of the slaughtered pork are obviously reduced, the normal sale of the pork is influenced, and the production benefit is seriously reduced. In conclusion, the requirements of market demand and industry development are met by improving carcass composition (increasing lean meat percentage and reducing subcutaneous fat percentage) and improving meat quality (increasing intramuscular fat content, improving meat color, tenderness, water holding capacity and the like, prolonging shelf life) through a nutrition regulation and control means.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs.
According to the invention, the feed formula is optimized by adding lysine, threonine, conjugated linoleic acid, selenium yeast, prebiotics and vitamin E into the fattening pig feed 2-4 weeks before slaughtering, so that the aims of improving the carcass composition and the meat quality are achieved.
The first technical key point of the invention is that firstly, the contradiction between the synchronous increase/decrease of the subcutaneous fat rate and the intramuscular fat content is solved by a nutrition means, and the intramuscular fat content is increased, the meat yield is increased and the pork flavor is improved while the subcutaneous fat rate is reduced.
The second technical point of the invention is that the quality of the slaughtered pork is improved by adding antioxidant, which comprises improving the meat color, improving the water retention capacity, the tenderness and the flavor, prolonging the shelf life and reducing the generation of PSE and DFD meat.
The third technical point of the invention is that finally, the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs is designed according to the digestion physiological characteristics and nutritional requirements of the lean type hybrid pigs at the late stage of finishing and is suitable for 2-4 weeks before slaughter.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality in finishing pigs, said feed comprising the following ingredients per kg: 640-680 g of corn, 120-150 g of soybean meal, 120-170 g of soybean hull or bran, 2-3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4-0.6 g of L-threonine, 15-25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 8-12 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 6.4-12 g of stone powder, 8.5-10 g of salt, 0.1-0.2 mg of yeast selenium, 0.05-0.1 g of prebiotics, 20-40 mg of vitamin E and 8-15 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
Further, the feed comprises the following components in the following dosage per kilogram: 640-680 g of corn, 120-145 g of soybean meal, 124-160 g of soybean hull or bran, 2-3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4-0.6 g of L-threonine, 15-25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 8-12 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 7-9.6 g of stone powder, 8.5-10 g of salt, 0.1-0.2 mg of yeast selenium, 0.05-0.1 g of prebiotics, 20-35 mg of vitamin E and 8-15 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
The vitamin complex and mineral premix provides 100-180 mg of Fe, 8-15 mg of Cu and,Zn 96～180mg、Mn 28～52.5mg、I 0.2～0.375mg、Se 0.16～0.3mg、VA 6400～12000IU、VD3800～1500IU、VE 10～20mg、VK3 1.6～3mg、VB1 1.6～3mg、VB2 4.8～9mg、VB6 3.2～6mg、VB120.016-0.03 mg, 16-37.5 mg of nicotinic acid, 8-15 mg of calcium pantothenate, 0.8-1.5 mg of folic acid, 0.2-0.375 mg of biotin, 120-224 mg of dioxygen, and the balance of carrier (zeolite powder).
In the optimized scheme, each kilogram of the feed comprises the following components in amount: 650-670 g of corn, 130-140 g of soybean meal, 140-160 g of soybean hull, 2-3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4-0.6 g of L-threonine, 20-25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 10-12 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8-9.6 g of stone powder, 9.5-10 g of salt, 0.1-0.15 mg of yeast selenium, 0.08-0.1 g of prebiotics, 25-35 mg of vitamin E and 8-10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
The compound vitamin and mineral premix provides 100-120 mg of Fe, 8-10 mg of Cu, 96-120 mg of Zn, 28-35 mg of Mn, 0.2-0.25 mg of I, 0.16-0.2 mg of Se, 6400-8000 IU of VA, and VD for each kilogram of feed3 800～1000IU、VE 10～20mg、VK3 1.6～2mg、VB1 1.6～2mg、VB2 4.8～6mg、VB6 3.2～4.0mg、VB120.016-0.02 mg, 16-25 mg nicotinic acid, 8-10 mg calcium pantothenate, 0.8-1.0 mg folic acid, 0.2-0.25 mg biotin, 120-150 mg oxygen, and the balance of carrier (zeolite powder).
In the best formula, each kilogram of the feed comprises the following components in amount: 660 g of corn, 130 g of soybean meal, 150 g of soybean hull, 2 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.5 g of L-threonine, 20 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 10 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8 g of stone powder, 9.5 g of salt, 0.15 mg of yeast selenium, 0.08 g of growth promoting element, 30 mg of vitamin E and 10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
The compound vitamin and mineral premix provides 120mg of Fe, 10mg of Cu, 120mg of Zn, 35mg of Mn, 0.25mg of I, 0.2mg of Se, 8000IU of VA and VD for each kilogram of feed3 1000IU、VE 20mg、VK3 2mg、VB1 2mg、VB2 6mg、VB6 4.0mg、VB120.02mg, 25mg of nicotinic acid, 10mg of calcium pantothenate, 1.0mg of folic acid, 0.25mg of biotin, 150mg of gramox and the balance of carrier (zeolite powder).
The pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs mainly refers to the nutritional requirements of American NRC 2012 pigs and the nutritional requirements of Chinese lean-type pigs (2004 edition), and is prepared reasonably by preferably selecting raw materials.
Aiming at the first technical point of the invention, the fat deposition regulation and control functional bag is preferably composed of L-lysine hydrochloride, L-threonine and conjugated linoleic acid, so that the intramuscular fat content is increased while the subcutaneous fat rate is reduced and the lean meat percentage is increased.
Lysine is the first limiting amino acid of the pig, and research and production experience show that proper level of lysine can improve the growth speed and feed conversion rate of growing and fattening pigs, increase the lean meat percentage and reduce the thickness of backfat.
Threonine is the second limiting amino acid of pigs, has the main effect of promoting muscle protein synthesis, is an important component for synthesizing digestive enzyme of gastrointestinal tracts, and can improve the feed conversion rate and the lean meat percentage of fattening pigs.
The conjugated linoleic acid can regulate and control the composition of intestinal microorganisms and metabolites thereof, inhibit back fat deposition, promote intramuscular fat deposition, reduce subcutaneous fat rate and improve pork flavor.
Aiming at the second technical point of the invention, the anti-oxidation functional bag consisting of the yeast selenium, the prebiotics and the vitamin E is preferably selected, so that the meat quality is improved, the generation of PSE and DFD meat is reduced, and the shelf life is prolonged.
The utilization rate of the selenium yeast is improved by more than 5 times compared with that of inorganic selenium, and the selenium yeast can efficiently remove free radicals in vivo and maintain the integrity of cell membranes, thereby achieving the effect of improving meat color and water-holding capacity. Has synergistic effect with vitamin E.
The prebiotic is soybean isoflavone preparation, is a strong antioxidant, and can improve immunity. The raw materials are modified and processed, completely do not contain estrogen-like function, and are safe and efficient.
The vitamin E can effectively block lipid peroxidation, improve the meat color, tenderness and water holding capacity, and prolong the shelf life of the pork.
Aiming at the third technical point of the invention, the pre-slaughter feed has the following main nutritional indexes obtained by an optimal formula: digestion energy, 3386.63 kcal/kg; net energy, 2433.02 kcal/kg; crude protein, 13.03%; 0.67% of calcium; total phosphorus, 0.5%; available phosphorus, 0.28%; lysine, 0.66%; methionine, 0.19%; methionine + cystine, 0.4%; threonine, 0.44%; tryptophan, 0.11%; arginine, 0.69%; histidine, 0.3%; leucine, 1.07%; isoleucine, 0.45%; valine, 0.52%; phenylalanine, 0.54%; phenylalanine + tyrosine, 0.96% (note: all amino acids are at digestible amino acid level); the pig fattening feed can meet the growth requirements of 100-140 kg stage fattening pigs, the preferable raw materials meet the physiological digestion characteristics of the stage fattening pigs, the pig fattening feed is suitable for feeding the fattening pigs about 1 month before slaughter, and the feeding amount of each pig per day is 3-3.5 kg.
The pre-slaughter feed disclosed by the invention is not added with any antibiotic and hormone products, so that the produced pork is safe and healthy; the feed does not need to be additionally added with an enzyme preparation and a mildew preventive, so that the cost of the feed is effectively reduced.
The preparation method of the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs comprises the following steps:
(1) premix compound of compound vitamin and mineral
Accurately weighing various vitamin and mineral raw materials according to the formula requirements, uniformly mixing in a step-by-step amplification mode, firstly, uniformly mixing the vitamin and the mineral with part of carriers (zeolite powder), then, fully mixing the vitamin and mineral mixture, finally, adding the rest carriers, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compound vitamin and mineral premix;
(2) preparing fat deposition regulation and control functional bag
Putting L-lysine hydrochloride, L-threonine and conjugated linoleic acid into partial soybean hulls or bran in sequence, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a fat deposition regulation and control functional bag;
(3) bag with antioxidant function
Sequentially adding selenium yeast, growth promoting substances and vitamin E into part of stone powder, and mixing to obtain antioxidant functional bag;
(4) pulverizing and sieving corn, soybean meal, soybean hull or bran, weighing the required parts of the formula, sequentially adding the composite vitamin and mineral premix, the fat deposition regulation and control functional bag, the antioxidant functional bag, calcium hydrophosphate, salt and the rest stone powder, fully mixing, tempering, granulating, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain the finished product.
The temperature of the granulation described in step (4) was 65 ℃.
The pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the fattening pigs is applied to the late stage of fattening and can improve the carcass composition and meat quality of the pigs.
Preferably, the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs is fed by 3-3.5 kg per pig per day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs, provided by the invention, can reduce subcutaneous fat rate of the finishing pigs and improve lean meat percentage, intramuscular fat content and meat quality. The feed is mainly used in the late stage of fattening (2-4 weeks before slaughtering), and has high input-output ratio.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The selenium content of the yeast selenium in the examples is 0.2%, purchased from otti bioproduct (china) limited; the prebiotic is purchased from Guangdong New south all feed science and technology limited, and contains soybean isoflavone as effective component.
Example one
This example provides a pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality in finishing pigs, comprising the following ingredients per kg of feed: 660 g of corn, 130 g of soybean meal, 150 g of soybean hull, 2 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.5 g of L-threonine, 20 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 10 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8 g of stone powder, 9.5 g of salt, 0.15 mg of yeast selenium, 0.08 g of growth promoting element, 30 mg of vitamin E and 10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix. The main nutritional indexes of the feed in the embodiment are as follows: digestion energy, 3386.63 kcal/kg; net energy, 2433.02 kcal/kg; crude protein, 13.03%; 0.67% of calcium; total phosphorus, 0.5%; available phosphorus, 0.28%; lysine, 0.66%; methionine, 0.19%; methionine + cystine, 0.4%; threonine, 0.44%; tryptophan, 0.11%; arginine, 0.69%; histidine, 0.3%; leucine, 1.07%; isoleucine, 0.45%; valine, 0.52%; phenylalanine, 0.54%; phenylalanine + tyrosine, 0.96% (note: all amino acids at the digestible amino acid level).
Wherein each kilogram of pre-slaughter feed contains the following vitamins and trace elements: fe 120mg, Cu 10mg, Zn 120mg, Mn 35mg, I0.25 mg, Se 0.2mg, VA 8000IU, VD3 1000IU、VE 10mg、VK3 2mg、VB12mg、VB2 6mg、VB6 4.0mg、VB120.02mg, 25mg of nicotinic acid, 10mg of calcium pantothenate, 1.0mg of folic acid, 0.25mg of biotin, 150mg of gramox and the balance of zeolite powder.
The Fe is selected from FeSO4·H2O and Cu are selected from CuSO4·5H2O and Zn are selected from ZnSO4·H2O and Mn are selected from MnSO4·H2O and Se are selected from Na2SeO3Co is selected from CoSO4·7H2O。
The preparation process of the pre-slaughter feed comprises the following specific steps:
(1) premix compound of compound vitamin and mineral
Accurately weighing various vitamin and mineral raw materials according to the formula requirements, uniformly mixing the raw materials by adopting a step-by-step amplification mode, respectively and uniformly mixing the vitamins and the minerals with part of carriers (zeolite powder), then fully mixing the vitamin and mineral mixture, finally adding the rest carriers, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound vitamin and mineral premix.
(2) Preparing fat deposition regulation and control functional bag
Putting L-lysine hydrochloride, L-threonine and conjugated linoleic acid into partial soybean hulls in sequence, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a fat deposition regulation and control functional bag;
(3) bag with antioxidant function
Sequentially adding selenium yeast, growth promoting substances and vitamin E into part of stone powder, and mixing to obtain antioxidant functional bag;
(4) pulverizing and sieving corn, soybean meal and soybean hull, weighing the required parts of the formula, sequentially adding the composite vitamin and mineral premix, the fat deposition regulation and control function bag, the antioxidant function bag, calcium hydrophosphate, salt and the rest stone powder, fully mixing, modulating, granulating at 65 ℃, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain the finished product.
Test materials and methods: 96 dux (long x big) tripartite hybrid boars with consistent genetic background, good health condition and body weight of (100 +/-1.27) kg are selected, are weighed after being adapted to one week (all fed with corn-soybean meal type basic diet), and are averagely divided into 4 groups, each group has 8 repetitions, and each repetition has 3 pigs. The experiment is totally provided with three control groups, wherein the control group 1 is fed with corn-soybean meal type basic diet (no additional fat deposition regulation function package and no additional anti-oxidation function package are added), the control group 2 is fed with corn-soybean meal type basic diet and no additional fat deposition regulation function package, the control group 3 is fed with corn-soybean meal type basic diet and no additional anti-oxidation function package, and the experimental group is fed with the diet of the first embodiment. Four groups of feeds can equal nitrogen. The trial lasted 28 days during which the pigs had free access to water and food. Feed intake was recorded daily, body weight gain was recorded weekly, and feed-to-weight ratio was calculated. And (4) repeatedly selecting pigs with one middle weight to slaughter and sample each time when the test is finished, and detecting the meat quality. The test results are shown in tables 1-2.
TABLE 1 Effect of pre-slaughter feed on growth Performance of finishing pigs
| Index (I) | Control 1 group | Control 2 group | Control 3 group | Test group | P value |
| Average daily gain, kg/d | 0.83±0.07 | 0.80±0.09 | 0.84±0.07 | 0.81±0.08 | 0.65 |
| Average daily food intake, kg/d | 3.34±0.27 | 3.11±0.34 | 3.47±0.23 | 3.14±0.39 | 0.37 |
| Material to weight ratio | 4.05±0.33 | 3.90±0.44 | 4.14±0.39 | 3.89±0.28 | 0.45 |
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the control group, the pre-slaughter feed (test group) of the example had no significant effect on the daily gain and feed intake of the finishing pigs, the feed-weight ratio was reduced to a certain extent, and the feed efficiency was improved.
TABLE 2 Effect of pre-slaughter feed on carcass composition and longissimus dorsi meat quality of finishing pigs
| Index (I) | Control 1 group | Control 2 group | Control 3 group | Test group | P value |
| Average backfat thickness, cm | 3.39±0.23a | 2.51±0.25b | 3.40±0.32a | 2.48±0.15b | 0.002 |
| Area of eye muscle in cm2 | 62.41±7.51a | 70.11±5.94b | 61.32±5.12a | 72.46±6.21b | <0.01 |
| Lean meat percentage,% | 53.79±3.99a | 58.66±3.87b | 52.17±3.78a | 59.76±2.02b | <0.01 |
| The content of fat in the longisimus dorsi% | 1.22±0.11a | 1.52±0.18b | 1.10±0.14a | 1.45±0.23b | 0.023 |
| Back longest muscle inosinic acid content, ppm | 1731.4±36a | 1524.8±79a | 1899±85b | 1905.7±70b | <0.0001 |
| Drip loss of water% | 3.85±0.14a | 3.95±0.22a | 3.55±0.19b | 3.63±0.08b | <0.05 |
| Shear force, N | 66.78±4.49 | 65±7.14 | 66.45±4.97 | 64.57±5.53 | 0.76 |
Note: the difference of the upper-marked letters of the numerical values of the same row indicates that the difference is remarkable, and p is less than 0.05.
As can be seen from table 2, the control 2 group (with the addition of the fat deposition control functional bag) significantly reduced backfat thickness, increased eye muscle area, lean meat percentage and fat content in longisimus dorsi muscle (P <0.05), but had no significant effect on inosinic acid content in longisimus dorsi muscle, drip loss or shear force, compared to the control 1 group. Compared with the control group 1, the control group 3 (added with the antioxidant function bag) remarkably improves the inosinic acid content of the longisimus muscle of the back and reduces the drip loss (P <0.05), but has no remarkable effect on the thickness of the backfat, the area of the eye muscle, the lean meat percentage or the content of intramuscular fat. The test group (example one) combines the efficacies of the control group 2 and the control group 3; compared with the control group 1, the test group remarkably reduces the thickness of backfat, improves the eye muscle area, the lean meat percentage and the content of fat in longisimus dorsi muscle, simultaneously improves the content of inosinic acid in longisimus dorsi muscle and reduces the drip loss (P < 0.05). Each group had no significant effect on the shear force of the longissimus dorsi.
The data show that continuous feeding of the pre-slaughter feed of the embodiment for 4 weeks can improve the utilization rate of the feed for fattening pigs, increase the lean meat percentage, reduce the body fat percentage and improve the pork quality.
Example two
A pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality in finishing pigs, said feed comprising the following ingredients per kg: 656 g of corn, 135 g of soybean meal, 140 g of soybean hull, 3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4 g of L-threonine, 25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 11 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 9.4 g of stone powder, 10 g of salt, 0.1 mg of yeast selenium, 0.1 g of growth promoting vitamin, 25mg of vitamin E and 10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
Wherein, the vitamins and trace elements contained in each kilogram of the pre-slaughter feed are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The preparation method of the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment I.
Test materials and methods: 48 dux (long x large) triple hybrid boars with consistent genetic background, good health status and body weight of (90 ± 2.24) kg were selected and evenly distributed to the control group and the test group, each group had 6 replicates and each replicate had 4 pigs. The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal type basal diet (no additional fat deposition control function package and no additional antioxidant function package were added), and the test group was fed with the diet of example two. The trial lasted 21 days during which the pigs had free access to water and food. Feed intake was recorded daily, body weight gain was recorded weekly, and feed-to-weight ratio was calculated. And (4) repeatedly selecting pigs with one middle weight to slaughter and sample each time when the test is finished, and detecting the meat quality. The test results are shown in tables 3-4.
TABLE 3 Effect of pre-slaughter feed on growth Performance of finishing pigs
| Index (I) | Control group | Test group | P value |
| Average daily gain, kg/d | 0.95±0.04 | 0.99±0.05 | 0.81 |
| Average daily food intake, kg/d | 3.45±0.39 | 3.50±0.42 | 0.17 |
| Material to weight ratio | 3.71±0.64 | 3.63±0.55 | 0.24 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the feed before slaughtering of the second example (test group) improved the daily gain and feed intake of the finishing pigs to some extent and reduced the feed-to-weight ratio, but the difference was not significant (P >0.05)
TABLE 4 Effect of pre-slaughter feed on carcass composition and longissimus dorsi meat quality of finishing pigs
| Index (I) | Control group | Test group | P value |
| Average backfat thickness, cm | 3.41±0.48 | 2.79±0.31 | 0.03 |
| Area of eye muscle in cm2 | 65.77±6.08 | 70.24±7.49 | <0.05 |
| Lean meat percentage,% | 55.09±4.50 | 58.65±3.44 | <0.05 |
| The content of fat in the longisimus dorsi% | 2.03±0.32 | 2.97±0.55 | <0.05 |
| Back longest muscle inosinic acid content, ppm | 2031±60.4 | 2205.4±89.2 | 0.005 |
| Drip loss of water% | 3.38±0.42 | 3.09±0.37 | 0.07 |
| Shear force, N | 70.95±6.22 | 63.14±3.05 | 0.04 |
As can be seen from table 4, the pre-slaughter feeds of the second example (test group) significantly reduced the back fat thickness (P ═ 0.03), increased eye muscle area (P <0.05), lean meat percentage (P <0.05), longisimus dorsi intramuscular fat content (P <0.05), and inosinic acid content (P ═ 0.005), tended to reduce the drip loss (P ═ 0.07) and significantly reduced the longisimus dorsi shear (P ═ 0.04) of the dorsi compared to the control group.
The data show that the feeding of the pre-slaughter feed in the embodiment for 3 weeks continuously at the late stage of fattening can improve the growth performance of the fattening pigs, reduce the body fat deposition, improve the lean meat percentage and improve the pork quality.
EXAMPLE III
A pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality in finishing pigs, said feed comprising the following ingredients per kg: 665 g of corn, 120 g of bean pulp, 150.5 g of soybean hull, 3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.6 g of L-threonine, 22 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 10.55 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8.5 g of mountain flour, 9.78 g of salt, 0.15 mg of yeast selenium, 0.1 g of growth promoting element, 35mg of vitamin E and 10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
Wherein, the vitamins and trace elements contained in each kilogram of the pre-slaughter feed are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The preparation method of the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment I.
Example four
A pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality in finishing pigs, said feed comprising the following ingredients per kg: 641.7 grams of jade, 140 grams of bean pulp, 160 grams of soybean hull, 2.5 grams of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.6 gram of L-threonine, 15 grams of conjugated linoleic acid, 12 grams of calcium hydrophosphate, 9.6 grams of mountain flour, 8.5 grams of salt, 0.2mg of yeast selenium, 0.06 gram of growth promoting vitamin, 35mg of vitamin E and 10 grams of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
Wherein, the vitamins and trace elements contained in each kilogram of the pre-slaughter feed are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The preparation method of the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment I.
EXAMPLE five
A pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality in finishing pigs, said feed comprising the following ingredients per kg: 680 g of corn, 145 g of soybean meal, 124 g of bran, 2 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4 g of L-threonine, 15 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 8 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 7.04 g of stone powder, 8.5 g of salt, 0.1 mg of yeast selenium, 0.05 g of growth promoting vitamin, 20mg of vitamin E and 10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
Wherein, the vitamins and trace elements contained in each kilogram of the pre-slaughter feed are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The preparation method of the pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of the finishing pigs in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment I.
The feeds prepared in the third to fifth embodiments are verified by a fattening pig feeding test, the test period is 2-4 weeks before slaughter, and the test results are similar to those of the first and second embodiments and are not repeated herein. All the component materials in each example are commercially available.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of fattening pigs is characterized in that:
the feed comprises the following components in the following amount per kilogram: 640-680 g of corn, 120-150 g of soybean meal, 120-170 g of soybean hull or bran, 2-3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4-0.6 g of L-threonine, 15-25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 8-12 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 6.4-12 g of stone powder, 8.5-10 g of salt, 0.1-0.2 mg of yeast selenium, 0.05-0.1 g of growth promoting agent, 20-40 mg of vitamin E and 8-15 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix;
the compound vitamin and mineral premix provides 100-180 mg of Fe, 8-15 mg of Cu, 96-180 mg of Zn, 28-52.5 mg of Mn, 0.2-0.375 mg of I, 0.16-0.3 mg of Se, 6400-12000 IU of VA, 800-1500 IU of VD, 10-20 mg of VE, 1.6-3 mg of VK, 1.6-3 mg of VB, 4.8-9 mg of VB, 3.2-6 mg of VB, 0.016-0.03 mg of VB, 16-37.5 mg of nicotinic acid, 8-15 mg of calcium pantothenate, 0.8-1.5 mg of folic acid, 0.2-0.375 mg of biotin and 120-224 mg of oxygen per kilogram of feed, and the balance is a carrier; the carrier is zeolite powder.
2. The pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the feed comprises the following components in the following amount per kilogram: 640-680 g of corn, 120-145 g of soybean meal, 124-160 g of soybean hull or bran, 2-3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4-0.6 g of L-threonine, 15-25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 8-12 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 7-9.6 g of stone powder, 8.5-10 g of salt, 0.1-0.2 mg of yeast selenium, 0.05-0.1 g of prebiotics, 20-35 mg of vitamin E, and 8-15 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
3. The pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the feed comprises the following components in the following amount per kilogram: 650-670 g of corn, 130-140 g of soybean meal, 140-160 g of soybean hull, 2-3 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.4-0.6 g of L-threonine, 20-25 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 10-12 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8-9.6 g of stone powder, 9.5-10 g of salt, 0.1-0.15 mg of yeast selenium, 0.08-0.1 g of prebiotics, 25-35 mg of vitamin E, and 8-10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
4. The pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the feed comprises the following components in the following amount per kilogram: 660 g of corn, 130 g of soybean meal, 150 g of soybean hull, 2 g of L-lysine hydrochloride, 0.5 g of L-threonine, 20 g of conjugated linoleic acid, 10 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8 g of stone powder, 9.5 g of salt, 0.15 mg of yeast selenium, 0.08 g of growth promoting vitamin, 30 mg of vitamin E, and 10 g of vitamin complex and mineral premix.
5. The pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the compound vitamin and mineral premix provides 100-120 mg of Fe, 8-10 mg of Cu, 96-120 mg of Zn, 28-35 mg of Mn, 0.2-0.25 mg of I, 0.16-0.2 mg of Se, 6400-8000 IU of VA, 800-1000 IU of VD, 10-20 mg of VE, 1.6-2 mg of VK, 1.6-2 mg of VB, 4.8-6 mg of VB, 3.2-4.0 mg of VB, 0.016-0.02 mg of VB, 16-25 mg of nicotinic acid, 8-10 mg of calcium pantothenate, 0.8-1.0 mg of folic acid, 0.2-0.25 mg of biotin, 120-150 mg of gram oxygen and the balance of a carrier for each kilogram of feed.
6. The pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the compound vitamin and mineral premix provides 120mg of Fe, 10mg of Cu, 120mg of Zn, 35mg of Mn, 0.25mg of I, 0.2mg of Se, 8000IU of VA, 1000IU of VD, 20mg of VE, 2mg of VK, 2mg of VB, 6mg of VB, 4.0mg of VB, 0.02mg of VB, 25mg of nicotinic acid, 10mg of calcium pantothenate, 1.0mg of folic acid, 0.25mg of biotin and 150mg of gram oxygen for each kilogram of feed, and the balance is carrier.
7. A method of preparing a pre-slaughter feed for improving carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) premix compound of compound vitamin and mineral
Accurately weighing various vitamin and mineral raw materials according to the formula requirements, uniformly mixing in a step-by-step amplification mode, firstly, uniformly mixing the vitamin and the mineral with part of carriers respectively, then, fully mixing the vitamin and mineral mixture, finally, adding the rest carriers, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a compound vitamin and mineral premix;
(2) preparing fat deposition regulation and control functional bag
Putting L-lysine hydrochloride, L-threonine and conjugated linoleic acid into partial soybean hulls or bran in sequence, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a fat deposition regulation and control functional bag;
(3) bag with antioxidant function
Sequentially adding selenium yeast, growth promoting substances and vitamin E into part of stone powder, and mixing to obtain antioxidant functional bag;
(4) pulverizing and sieving corn, soybean meal, soybean hull or bran, weighing the required parts of the formula, sequentially adding the composite vitamin and mineral premix, the fat deposition regulation and control functional bag, the antioxidant functional bag, calcium hydrophosphate, salt and the rest stone powder, fully mixing, tempering, granulating, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain the finished product.
8. Use of a pre-slaughter feed for improving the carcass composition and meat quality of finishing pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the pre-slaughter feed is applied to the later stage of fattening to improve the carcass composition and meat quality of the fattening pigs, and the feeding amount of each pig is 3-3.5 kg per day.
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| CN110432398A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-11-12 | 湖南九鼎科技（集团）有限公司 | A kind of meat quality improver and the pannage for improving meat quality |
| CN113812534A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-12-21 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Feed for improving production performance and antioxidant activity of growing-finishing pigs and preparation method thereof |
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