CN109314370B - Electronic follow-current arc extinguishing auxiliary device - Google Patents
Electronic follow-current arc extinguishing auxiliary device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109314370B CN109314370B CN201780037118.3A CN201780037118A CN109314370B CN 109314370 B CN109314370 B CN 109314370B CN 201780037118 A CN201780037118 A CN 201780037118A CN 109314370 B CN109314370 B CN 109314370B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- arc
- current
- overvoltage protection
- electronic switching
- switching element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/12—Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
Landscapes
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electronic follow-up follow-current arc extinguishing aid (1) for monitoring an overvoltage protection element (USE), which is a spark gap or a gas-filled overvoltage arrester, comprising: a monitoring element (O) which photoelectrically detects an arc caused by the current of the overvoltage protection element (USE), and an electronic switching element (S) which is connected in parallel with the overvoltage protection element (USE) and is controlled by the monitoring element (O), wherein when an arc caused by the current of the overvoltage protection element (USE) is detected, the electronic switching element (S) is closed, so that the current is discharged in parallel, and when the arc in the overvoltage protection element (USE) is extinguished, the electronic switching element (S) is opened, so that no current flows through the electronic switching element (S).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electronic follow-up follow-current arc extinguishing auxiliary device.
Background
Numerous overvoltage protection devices are known from the prior art. Wherein, different overvoltage protectors are adopted according to the application fields respectively.
For example, a spark gap is used as an overvoltage protection device. However, in spark gaps (but also in other overvoltage protection devices), there is the problem that follow currents cannot easily extinguish arcs.
Therefore, arc extinguishing assistance has been proposed in the past.
A device is known, for example, from DE 202007018507U 1, in which the reaction of the spark gap is to be detected. For quenching, the parallel-connected semiconductors (transistors) are switched on for a fixed time, whereby the current flowing through is commutated into this semiconductor and the spark gap quenches the arc. After the semiconductor is switched off, a stable isolated state is again achieved.
The device proposed here has proven to be disadvantageous, however, since the short circuit caused by the semiconductor is always as long, i.e. does not depend on whether the spark gap has already been quenched. However, this forced short-circuit leads to a large feedback effect on the system to be protected, even when the follow-current is small and the spark gap will be able to extinguish the arc much faster. In addition, the transistor is unnecessarily loaded, so that this transistor ages considerably faster and reduces the service life of the device.
A device is known from EP 2537164 a0, in which a temperature-variable resistor (PTC) with a positive coefficient is switched on in parallel with the Gas Discharge Tube (GDT). By self-warming of the GDT during grid freewheeling, the PTC heats up and can thus conduct electricity. Current then flows to the PTC and the grid freewheeling via the GDT can extinguish the arc.
However, thermal coupling proves to be disadvantageous because it is relatively slow to respond. Therefore, the GDT must conduct the freewheeling quite long before the PTC has sufficient conductive capacity. The PTC then conducts for a longer period of time until the temperature drop is successful. That is, both elements undergo rapid aging.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above experience it was an object of the present invention to provide a new cost-effective alternative which avoids one or more disadvantages of the prior art.
The solution to the above object is obtained according to the features of the independent claims of the present invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and in the description.
Drawings
The invention is further elucidated by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing.
Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a first schematic circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first schematic circuit diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a generalized diagram of the operating principle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an overview diagram of another aspect of an embodiment in accordance with the invention; and
fig. 5 is another aspect of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more depth below with reference to the drawings. It is noted here that the different aspects illustrated may be applied separately or in combination with each other, respectively. That is, each aspect may be used in conjunction with different embodiments of the invention, provided that it is not explicitly described as a pure alternative.
Furthermore, in the following, for the sake of simplicity, usually only one entity is used. But the invention may also have more related entities, respectively, as long as there is no explicit remark. In this respect, the use of the words "a" or "an" should only be understood to mean that at least one entity is used in a simple embodiment.
The electronic follow-up freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device 1 according to the invention for the overvoltage protection element USE to be monitored generally has different components.
Some core elements will be described first below.
It is clear at first that the arc extinction aid is suitable not only for gas-filled surge arresters, but also for other surge protection elements USE which generate a lightening effect when they are used. Thus, for example, the invention may also work with spark gaps.
The freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device 1 according to the invention has at least one monitoring element O, which identifies the occurrence and interruption of an arc by a current flowing through the overvoltage protection element USE by means of optoelectrical means.
Furthermore, the freewheeling arc-quenching aid 1 according to the invention has an electronic switching element S, which is connected in parallel with an overvoltage protection element USE. The electronic switching element S is controlled by the monitoring element O, wherein the electronic switching element S is closed when an arc caused by the current through the overvoltage protection element USE is detected, so that the current is discharged in parallel, and the electronic switching element S is opened when the arc in the overvoltage protection element USE is extinguished, so that no current flows through the electronic switching element S.
By means of the invention described above, a rapid disconnection can be provided, which will reopen the "short circuit" of the arc extinction by the electronic switching element S as soon as possible after the arc extinction of the follow current by the overvoltage protection element, so that on the one hand the components can last for a long time without premature aging and the interference of the subsequent equipment is as little as possible.
In one embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary device 1 can be mounted on a circuit board. That is, it can be easily integrated in a conventional manufacturing flow and allows cost-effective integration.
In addition, a remote communication device is provided in a further embodiment of the invention, which remote communication device informs the overvoltage protection function of the connection and disconnection. The switching behavior/response of the overvoltage protection means USE can thus be recognized from a distance and, for example, a test can be triggered as a function of the frequency per unit time or the number of occurrences. Thereby improving operational reliability.
According to yet another design, a remote communication device is additionally provided, which notifies the electronic switching element S of the switching changeover. That is, the function of the electronic freewheel arc-extinguishing assistance device 1 can thus be monitored and ensured. The switching behavior/reaction of the electronic switching element S can thus be recognized from a distance and, for example, a test can be triggered as a function of the frequency per unit time or the number of occurrences. Thereby improving operational reliability.
Advantageously, the present invention can be operated with direct current. In particular, in the case of direct currents, there is the problem of network freewheeling, which cannot be easily extinguished. Similar problems occur in high-power ac networks.
By means of the comparatively simple design of the auxiliary device 1, this auxiliary device can be used in a wide range of applications. Therefore, the electronic freewheeling arc-extinguishing assistance device 1 can be applied in an environment with a temperature from-50 ℃ to 125 ℃.
The electronic freewheeling arc-quenching aid 1 can be equipped here with different switching elements S. The electronic switching element S is a semiconductor switch: including field effect-transistors and/or bipolar transistors.
For example, fig. 1 and 2 show an IGBT (insulated-gate Bipolar-Transistor) as the electronic switching element S.
The electronic freewheeling arc-quenching aid 1 can be equipped with various monitoring elements O for optoelectronic detection. The monitoring element O is at least one element selected from the group consisting of a photoresistor, a photodiode, a phototransistor and a solar photovoltaic element.
For example, fig. 1 and 2 show a photodiode as the monitoring element O.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the electronic freewheeling arc-quenching aid 1 has at least one inductive element L on the protected side (right side in the figure)L、LSIn order to cooperate with overvoltage protection elements present in the equipment to be protected.
That is to say, if an overvoltage protection element present in the subsequent electrical device is to be switched off, the rapid current rise results in a corresponding counter voltage in the coil, so that the overvoltage protection element USE is also triggered subsequently.
In a further embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary electronic follow-current quenching system E is provided, which, in addition to the aforementioned auxiliary electronic follow-current quenching device 1, also has an overvoltage protection element USE to be monitored.
In one design, the electronic freewheeling arc-quenching assist system E may also be mounted on a circuit board. That is, it can be easily integrated in a conventional manufacturing flow and allows cost-effective integration.
In other words, the invention makes USE of the fact that a glow effect occurs in the event of a reaction of the overvoltage protection element USE. This light effect is detected electro-optically.
In this case, a further control system can be provided in addition in the form of a microcontroller or a counter, as can be seen, for example, from fig. 1 or 2. The flash light can therefore be evaluated with respect to duration and/or frequency, so that the electronic switching element S is not activated until a free-wheeling is detected more reliably, thus preventing the switching element S from being over-pressurized. The microcontroller may additionally provide the functionality of remote communication. Alternatively or additionally, a passive delay (integrated element, RC circuit, LC circuit, etc.) can also be provided, which activates the switching element S only after a predetermined time, for example 1ms, in order to give the overvoltage protection element USE sufficient time to completely discharge a surge current of 10/350 ° μ S (for example 10/350 ° μ S).
The parallel paths on the electronic switching element S can be activated electronically, either immediately or with a delay, upon detection of the light emission phenomenon, for example in which the parallel paths can conduct electricity. As long as the overvoltage protection element USE has extinguished and there is no longer any light, the parallel path is disabled.
By means of the invention, a very rapid reaction is provided both at the beginning and at the end of the arc extinction process. A self-adjusting system is proposed, which can be produced cost-effectively.
In addition, an overvoltage protection device with a very small structural size and a high discharge capacity can be provided thereby.
In fig. 1 and 2, exemplary circuit variations are listed.
The photodiode is operated as a monitoring element O. The photodiode is operated in the short-circuit state (UD = 0). The photocurrent (Ip) caused by the light emission of the photodiode causes a voltage drop across the corresponding coupling resistance RN.
The corresponding coupling resistance RN is here chosen, for example, to be comparatively high (20M Ω) in order to achieve as high an output signal as possible with very little light. This means that a very low light level of the overvoltage protection element USE is already detected. Wherein the monitoring element O can be integrated separately beside the overvoltage protection element USE, but alternatively can be integrated into the overvoltage protection element USE.
In a separate design, it may be necessary in some cases to avoid ambient light or to selectively observe specific spectral portions of the luminous phenomenon by mixing and/or filtering, in order not to cause a false opening of the electronic switching element S.
The output voltage at the monitoring element O or the corresponding coupling resistor RN is proportional to the light intensity, wherein the output voltage is already saturated in the case of a very low light intensity.
The initial signal of the light detection is used as a time-delayed input signal. The supply voltage for the circuit is labeled UDC. The current flux induced through R2 by the input voltage controls npn-transistor T1. This transistor is thus electrically conductive. Thereby, the discharge process of the capacitor C1 starts. Now if the voltage on the capacitor C1 drops below the equivalent voltage on R6, the operational amplifier LM258 turns on the output OUT 2.
If the connected dc power supply is short-circuited by the connected power arrester/the electronic switching element S (also referred to in the circuit diagram as T2), a high current is caused to flow through the electronic switching element S (also referred to in the circuit diagram as T2). This current flux can rise up to the maximum short circuit current of the dc power supply. If the electronic switching element S (also referred to in the circuit diagram as T2) is now switched back into the blocked state, the current flowing through it changes very quickly to approximately zero. This current change can result in voltage peaks being generated within the DC network by parasitic inductances. If these voltage peaks are sufficiently high, further burning of the overvoltage protection element USE may result.
In order to avoid this, the electronic switching element S (also referred to as T2 in the circuit diagram) can only be slowly switched back into the blocked state, as shown in fig. 1. To this end, the delayed output signal may be modulated accordingly. The capacitor C3 can be charged rapidly via the resistor R8 in order to achieve a rapid increase in the output voltage and thus a rapid switching-on via the electronic switching element S (also referred to in the circuit diagram as T2). If there is no longer any voltage on the input side, the capacitor C3 discharges through the resistor R9. Because of the relatively large size of this resistor R9, the capacitor discharge lasts relatively long. A rapid charging and a slow discharging of the capacitor C3 is thus formed, which corresponds to a rapid rise and a slow fall of the output voltage Ua.
In addition, the circuit may still have a voltage stabilization device of 30V for the power supply of the electronic components. In order to protect the electronic switching element S (also referred to as T2 in the circuit diagram), here embodied as IBGT, against negative pulses, a diode D3 may be used.
The voltage stabilization device may have, for example, a zener diode D6, which operates in the breakdown range and is therefore installed in the blocking direction. In addition, the voltage stabilization device may have a current limiting resistor R9 that limits the current flowing through the circuit. This resistor R9 should not have an excessively large resistance, since the current flux needs to be large enough to reach the operating point of the diode. In addition, the voltage stabilization device may have a capacitance C2. This capacitor C2 has the purpose of still providing sufficient energy to the electronic components in the short-circuited dc supply in order to ensure their further function. As protection against the backward discharge of this capacitance, the diode D2 is used.
The use of an IGBT as the electronic switching element S is advantageous, since an IGBT has a high current-carrying capacity with a low residual voltage and a high breakdown voltage.
Although the electronic switching element S is shown as being parallel to the overvoltage protection element USE, this should not be understood as limiting. Furthermore, further components, in particular an impedance Z, are arranged in the current branch of the electronic switching element. The impedance Z may be resistive or inductive.
This is illustrated, for example, in fig. 5, in which an impedance Z is arranged in the current branch to the electronic switching element S in order to coordinate the circuit. Wherein the supply side is arranged on the right side and the load side is arranged on the left side. If a freewheeling occurs following an overvoltage condition which has caused the overvoltage protection element USE to burn and indirectly the electronic switching element S to switch on, the current is now limited by the impedance Z.
Description of the drawings
Follow current arc extinguishing auxiliary device 1
Overvoltage protection element USE
Monitoring element O
Electronic switching element S
Follow current arc extinguishing auxiliary system E
Resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9
Diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
Zener diode D6
Operational amplifier LM258
Transistors T1, T2
Capacitors C1, C2, C3
Inductor LK，LL，LS
The impedance Z.
Claims (12)
1. An electronic follow-up follow-current arc extinction assistance device (1) for monitoring an overvoltage protection element (USE), which is a spark gap or a gas-filled overvoltage arrester, characterized in that the device has a monitoring element (O) and an electronic switching element (S):
the monitoring element photoelectrically detects an arc caused by the over-voltage protection element (USE) current;
the electronic switching element is connected in parallel with the overvoltage protection element (USE), the electronic switching element (S) is controlled by the monitoring element (O), the electronic switching element (S) is closed when an arc caused by the current through the overvoltage protection element (USE) is detected, so that the current is discharged in parallel, and the electronic switching element (S) is opened when the arc of the overvoltage protection element (USE) is extinguished, so that no current flows through the electronic switching element (S).
2. The freewheeling arc-quenching aid (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is mounted on a circuit board.
3. Freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is provided with a telecommunication device which informs the access and the interruption of the overvoltage protection element.
4. Freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is provided with a remote communication device which informs the switching of the electronic switching element (S).
5. Freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the switched-on switching current is a direct current.
6. Freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device ambient temperature application range is-50 ℃ to 125 ℃.
7. Freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic switching element (S) is a semiconductor switch: including field effect transistors and/or bipolar transistors.
8. Freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the monitoring element (O) is at least one element from the group of photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, photovoltaic elements.
9. The freewheeling arc-quenching aid (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one inductive element (L) on the protected side for cooperating with an overvoltage protection element.
10. Freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one impedance (Z) is arranged in the current branch of the electronic switching element (S).
11. An electronic follow-current arc-quenching auxiliary system (E) with a follow-current arc-quenching auxiliary device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and an overvoltage protection element (USE) to be monitored.
12. Electronic freewheeling arc-quenching auxiliary system (E) according to claim 11, characterized in that the system can be mounted on a circuit board.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016210626.0 | 2016-06-15 | ||
| DE102016210626 | 2016-06-15 | ||
| DE102016211628.2A DE102016211628A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2016-06-28 | Electronic follow-on power extinguishing aid |
| DE102016211628.2 | 2016-06-28 | ||
| PCT/EP2017/064522 WO2017216218A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2017-06-14 | Electronic follow current extinguishing aid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109314370A CN109314370A (en) | 2019-02-05 |
| CN109314370B true CN109314370B (en) | 2020-11-06 |
Family
ID=60481045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780037118.3A Active CN109314370B (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2017-06-14 | Electronic follow-current arc extinguishing auxiliary device |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3472903B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN109314370B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102016211628A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017216218A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023102619B3 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-03-07 | Dehn Se | Surge arrester for a direct current network and method for operating such a surge arrester |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1590127A1 (en) * | 1966-06-23 | 1970-01-22 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Control device |
| CN102273035A (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2011-12-07 | 菲尼克斯电气公司 | Overvoltage protector |
| CN103703637A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-04-02 | 凤凰通讯两合有限公司 | Overvoltage protection device with measuring device for monitoring overvoltage protection elements |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202007018507U1 (en) | 2007-01-04 | 2008-09-11 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Overvoltage protection device for use in DC networks, especially for photovoltaic systems |
| SI23303A (en) | 2010-02-19 | 2011-08-31 | ISKRA ZAĹ ÄŚITE d.o.o. | Overvoltage arrester with rotating disk and electronic component for improvement of operation reliability |
| DE102013113605A1 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | General Electric Co. | Arc attenuation arrangement and arrangement method for avoiding a landslide |
| US9570901B2 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2017-02-14 | Eaton Corporation | Electronic circuit and low voltage arc flash system including an electromagnetic trigger |
| DE202015100860U1 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2015-03-11 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Board-mountable modular surge protection device |
-
2016
- 2016-06-28 DE DE102016211628.2A patent/DE102016211628A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-06-14 EP EP17730140.5A patent/EP3472903B1/en active Active
- 2017-06-14 CN CN201780037118.3A patent/CN109314370B/en active Active
- 2017-06-14 WO PCT/EP2017/064522 patent/WO2017216218A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1590127A1 (en) * | 1966-06-23 | 1970-01-22 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Control device |
| CN102273035A (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2011-12-07 | 菲尼克斯电气公司 | Overvoltage protector |
| CN103703637A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-04-02 | 凤凰通讯两合有限公司 | Overvoltage protection device with measuring device for monitoring overvoltage protection elements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102016211628A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
| WO2017216218A1 (en) | 2017-12-21 |
| EP3472903A1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
| CN109314370A (en) | 2019-02-05 |
| EP3472903B1 (en) | 2022-11-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6934949B2 (en) | Electronic circuit breaker for loads that can be connected to a low voltage DC voltage network | |
| US6816350B1 (en) | AC voltage protection circuit | |
| US11108320B2 (en) | Method and voltage multiplier for converting an input voltage, and disconnector | |
| RU2667895C2 (en) | Circuit design of spark gap triggering circuit in overvoltage protection device terminal with asymmetric element | |
| EP1727257A1 (en) | A protection circuit for potential transformers | |
| US9748764B2 (en) | Surge protective devices | |
| JP2021502048A (en) | Circuit layout to protect the load from both temporary and transient overvoltages | |
| CN111630744A (en) | Arc extinguishing device and multistage arc extinguishing equipment | |
| TW201128920A (en) | Boost type power converting apparatus | |
| JP7264920B2 (en) | Multistage protection device for overcurrent and overvoltage protected transfer of electrical energy | |
| CN109314370B (en) | Electronic follow-current arc extinguishing auxiliary device | |
| CZ305207B6 (en) | Circuit arrangement of overvoltage protection firing circuit | |
| CN105049017A (en) | Automatic breaking solid-state relay | |
| CN104578032A (en) | Over-voltage protector | |
| FI124199B (en) | Electronic protection circuit and protective device | |
| CN103631163B (en) | A kind of on-off circuit of AC power | |
| RU2502169C1 (en) | Device for protection of electronic instruments against high peak voltages in on-board network of transport vehicle | |
| KR20050020679A (en) | Circuit arrangement for protection against impulse voltages | |
| AU2021234895B2 (en) | Hybrid switch and control device | |
| US20180233896A1 (en) | Supply device for an electrical module having a fuse element | |
| EP4210188A1 (en) | Protection against ac voltage conditions | |
| KR100993519B1 (en) | Surge protector | |
| CN201007991Y (en) | Short circuit, overload safeguard for transistor output | |
| AU2015201523A1 (en) | Residual current protection device | |
| CN112970163B (en) | Protection circuit for protecting against transient currents, voltages or electrical energy |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |