CN109311377A - 动能回收系统 - Google Patents

动能回收系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109311377A
CN109311377A CN201780036098.8A CN201780036098A CN109311377A CN 109311377 A CN109311377 A CN 109311377A CN 201780036098 A CN201780036098 A CN 201780036098A CN 109311377 A CN109311377 A CN 109311377A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
motor
flywheel
kers
gear device
accelerating gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780036098.8A
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English (en)
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CN109311377B (zh
Inventor
I·斯特雷西尼
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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Perkins Engines Co Ltd
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Publication of CN109311377B publication Critical patent/CN109311377B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/26—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, of type of freewheel device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/10—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of fluid gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/30—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N5/00—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
    • F02N5/04—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage of inertia type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
    • F16H47/04—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type the mechanical gearing being of the type with members having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

提供了一种动能回收系统(KERS)。所述KERS(1)包括具有可连接到车辆动力系的输入(10)的第一加速齿轮装置(12)。所述KERS还包括由彼此流体连接的第一和第二弯轴线马达(20、22)组成的液压变换器，其中，至少第一马达(20)是可变排量马达，并且第一马达(20)连接到第一加速齿轮装置(12)的输出。第二加速齿轮装置(34)具有连接到第二马达(22)的输入。至少一个飞轮(52)连接到第二加速齿轮装置(34)的输出，其中，所述至少一个飞轮位于至少一个飞轮室(58)内的真空中。

Description

动能回收系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于车辆的混合动力系统领域，具体地，涉及一种用于选择性地补充来自车辆主推进器的动力输出的动能回收系统(kinetic energy recovery system，KERS)。
背景技术
使用KERS的混合动力系是已知的。这些KERS用来储存会在车辆制动过程中耗散的动能。已经提出了各种KERS，其中，动能经由机械、电气、液压或气动系统存储在储存器中。考虑到需要将动能存储在较大的电池或蓄电池中，后三种系统对于用于某些类型的车辆中可能过大。机械KERS中使用的飞轮比较紧凑，并且还比可用的其他类型的飞轮提供更好的整体效率。与非机械KERS中的存储装置相比，飞轮还具有较长的寿命周期，而不管其需要在浅放电循环还是深放电循环中运行。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种动能回收系统(KERS)，包括：
第一加速齿轮装置，其具有可连接到车辆动力系的输入；
液压变换器，其包括彼此流体连接的第一弯轴线马达和第二弯轴线马达，其中，至少第一马达是可变排量马达，并且第一马达连接到第一加速齿轮装置的输出；
第二加速齿轮装置，其具有连接到第二马达的输入；以及
至少一个飞轮，其连接到第二加速齿轮装置的输出，该至少一个飞轮位于至少一个飞轮室内的真空中。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种包括根据本发明的第一方面的KERS的车辆动力系。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种液压变换器，包括彼此流体连接的第一弯轴线马达和第二弯轴线马达，其中，至少第一马达是可变排量马达。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供了一种控制动能回收系统(KERS)的方法，所述动能回收系统包括连接到车辆动力系和/或发动机的第一加速齿轮装置、包括彼此流体连接的第一弯轴线马达和第二弯轴线马达的液压变换器、第二加速齿轮装置以及连接到第二加速齿轮装置的输出的至少一个飞轮，所述方法包括以下步骤：
监测车辆动力系的操作状态变化和/或功率需求；并且
响应于动力系操作状态变化和/或功率需求，改变这两个马达中的至少一个的排量，以便对KERS充电或放电。
附图说明
现在将参考以下附图，仅以示例的方式描述本发明的优选实施例：
图1是动能回收系统的第一实施例的示意图；
图2是动能回收系统的第二实施例的示意图；
图3是动能回收系统的第三实施例的示意图；
图4是动能回收系统的第四实施例的示意图；
图5是动能回收系统的第五实施例的示意图；
图6(a)是示出在第一次充电事件期间KERS的液压泵、液压马达和飞轮的排量的曲线图；
图6(b)是示出在第二次充电事件期间KERS的液压泵、液压马达和飞轮的排量的曲线图；以及
图7是包含KERS的车辆传动系的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1提供了动能回收系统(KERS)1的示意图。KERS 1具有第一轴10，第一轴10在使用中连接到车辆的主传动系，车辆的主传动系在图7中示意性地示出并将在下面进一步详细描述。
第一轴10连接到第一行星齿轮系12，更具体地，连接到第一行星系12中的多个第一行星齿轮16。第一行星系12还包括第一齿圈18和第一太阳齿轮14。第一行星系12形成单向离合器的一部分，其中，第一齿圈18可以在其壳体19内沿一个方向旋转，但是由于已知的单向滚柱轴承装置17而阻止其沿相反方向旋转。第一行星系12还包括电致动的锁定销11，该锁定销11可以选择性地接合第一齿圈18，使得第一齿圈18不能在任一方向上旋转。在这个示出的实施例中，第一行星系的比率是1∶3。
第一行星系12的第一太阳齿轮14连接到第一弯轴线液压马达20的第一输入/输出轴(未示出)。第一弯轴线马达20与第二弯轴线液压马达22背对背液压连接。换言之，这两个马达20、22彼此流体连接，使得从其中一个马达泵送的流体将驱动另一马达，反之亦然。马达20、22中的每个具有连接到高压液压流体的供应源的入口21和出口23。结果，两个马达20、22形成液压变换器，用于控制输入KERS 1和从KERS 1输出的动能。第一马达可以是可变排量马达，而第二马达可以是固定排量马达，但是在该优选实施例中，这两个马达20、22都具有可变排量。
第二马达22的第二轴24连接到第一齿轮26。第一齿轮26与第二齿轮28啮合，第二齿轮28不可旋转地连接到电起动器马达32的马达轴30。第一齿轮26还连接到第二行星齿轮系34，更具体地，连接到第二行星系34内的多个第二行星齿轮38。第二行星系34还包括第二太阳齿轮36和固定的第二齿圈40。第二行星系34的比率优选为1∶3。
第二太阳齿轮36连接到第三行星齿轮系42，更具体地，连接到多个第三行星齿轮46，这些第三行星齿轮与第三太阳齿轮44和固定的第三齿圈48一起构成第三行星系42。第三行星系42的比率优选为1∶3.75。
第三太阳齿轮44连接到飞轮轴50，飞轮轴50本身不可旋转地连接到飞轮52。结果，第三太阳齿轮的旋转将使飞轮52旋转，反之亦然。飞轮轴50由位于飞轮52两侧的一对轴承54、56可旋转地支撑。飞轮52位于真空室58内。
还提供了电子控制单元(ECU)60。ECU 60控制KERS的操作，并与管理ECU(未示出)通信，管理ECU对车辆发动机和动力传动系进行整体控制。ECU 60监看KERS的各种操作模式，并控制：第一行星系12的锁定销11的激活；每个可变排量马达20、22的排量；以及起动器马达32。
在图2中示意性地示出KERS 101的第二实施例。该第二实施例中的大多数组件与第一实施例共享，行星系12、34、42的优选比率也是如此。因此，共享组件用相同的附图标记来标记，在此处将不再提及。应当注意，关于第一实施例示出的ECU存在于本文中描述的每个额外实施例中，但是为了清楚起见，已经从各个图中省略了。
在该第二实施例中的主要修改是KERS 101设置有一对飞轮152A、152B，这对飞轮同轴设置并且不可旋转地连接到延伸的飞轮轴150。结果，第三太阳齿轮44的旋转将使两个飞轮152A、152B旋转，反之亦然。飞轮轴150由三个轴承可旋转地支撑：位于飞轮轴150的相对端附近的一对轴承154、156以及位于轴150上第一飞轮152A和第二飞轮152B之间的中间位置处的单个轴承155。每个飞轮152A、152B位于相应的真空室158A、158B内。
在图3中示意性地示出KERS 201的第三实施例。该实施例同样与第一和第二实施例共享多个组件，并且这些组件依然用与前面相同的附图标记来标记。该第三实施例的不同之处在于，在马达20、22和飞轮252A、252B之间只有一个行星齿轮系，其称为第二行星系234。此外，飞轮252A、252B和第二行星系234从第一行星系12和马达20、22偏移。这种设置通过提供惰轮242来实现，惰轮242与离开马达22的第一齿轮226啮合，以反向旋转，其中，惰轮和第一齿轮之间的比率优选为1∶1。惰轮242经由正齿轮244将能量传递到第二行星系234，其中，惰轮和正齿轮之间的比率优选为1∶3.75。正齿轮244用作第二行星系的第二行星齿轮238的行星架，该第二行星系还包括固定的第二齿圈240和第二太阳齿轮236。第二太阳齿轮236连接到飞轮轴250，使得第二太阳齿轮236的旋转将旋转一对飞轮252A、252B，反之亦然。飞轮轴250由三个轴承可旋转地支撑：位于飞轮轴250的相对端附近的一对轴承254、256以及位于轴250上第一252A和第二飞轮252B之间的中间位置处的单个轴承255。每个飞轮252A、252B位于相应的真空室258A、258B内。
在图4中示意性地示出KERS 301的第四实施例。在此处，第一行星系12、马达20、22、起动器马达32和第二行星系34的设置与第一和第二实施例中相同。然而，一对飞轮352A、352B从这些组件偏移。在该实施例中，通过将驱动齿轮341连接到第二行星系34的第二太阳齿轮36并使惰轮342啮合到该驱动齿轮，以提供反向旋转，来提供偏移设置。驱动齿轮341和惰轮342之间的比率优选为1∶1。惰轮342还与正齿轮344啮合，正齿轮344在该实施例中不可旋转地安装在飞轮轴350上。惰轮和正齿轮之间的比率优选为1∶3.75。正齿轮344位于轴350上这对飞轮352A、352B之间。轴350可旋转地支撑在两对轴承354、356上，其中，每对轴承位于相应飞轮352A、352B的相对侧上。如前所述，每个飞轮352A、352B位于真空室358A、358B内。
在图5中示意性地示出KERS 401的第五实施例。在此处，第一行星系12、马达20、22、起动器马达32和第二行星系34的设置与第一、第二和第四实施例中相同。在该实施例中，驱动齿轮441连接到第二行星系34的第二太阳齿轮36。驱动齿轮441与一对惰轮442A、442B啮合，由此每个惰轮提供反向旋转。驱动齿轮441和惰轮442A、442B之间的比率优选为1∶1。每个惰轮442A、442B还与正齿轮444A、444B啮合，正齿轮444A、444B中的每一个不可旋转地安装在单独的飞轮轴450A、450B上。每对相应的惰轮和正齿轮之间的比率优选为1∶3.75。每个正齿轮444A、444B位于相应的飞轮轴450A、450B上，由此，正齿轮的旋转使相应的飞轮轴和位于其上的相应飞轮452A、452B旋转。每个轴450A、450B可旋转地支撑在一对轴承454、456上，其中，每对轴承位于相应飞轮452A、452B的相对侧上。如前所述，每个飞轮452A、452B位于真空室458A、458B内。作为上述设置的结果，该第五实施例中的飞轮452A、452B彼此偏移。
工业适用性
现在将描述KERS的操作方式。尽管某些实施例采用额外的惰轮和/或正齿轮装置，以便以不同的方式包装，但是每个实施例以基本相同的方式操作。因此，将主要结合图1所示的第一实施例来描述操作方法。
KERS具有由ECU 60控制的许多操作模式，这些模式可以包括待机、启动、充电和放电模式。KERS也可能具有减速和强制旋转减慢模式。在待机模式下，车辆发动机/主推进器可以是关闭的，或者发动机可以是开启的，但是不需要充电或放电事件。在待机模式下，ECU60指示可变排量马达20、22将其排量调整为零。这具有如下效果：KERS 1的发动机侧和飞轮侧(或输入侧和输出侧)彼此隔离，因此，无论发动机是否运行，能量都不能经由马达20、22传递到飞轮或从飞轮传递出去。
如果发动机关闭，并且极少或没有动能仍然存储在飞轮52中，则起动模式可用于起动发动机。在该模式中，ECU 60从管理控制器接收发动机启动命令，最初将可变排量马达20、22的排量设置为零，如果可变排量马达20、22还没有处于该状态的话，使得KERS 1的发动机侧和飞轮侧彼此隔离。ECU 60然后激活起动器马达32。随着KERS 1的飞轮侧在此时隔离，起动器马达的运转将经由第二行星系34和第三行星系42加速飞轮52。一旦ECU 60经由一个或多个传感器(未示出)确定飞轮以适当的速度旋转，其将指示可变排量马达20、22从零增加其排量。结果，来自旋转飞轮52的能量通过马达20、22和第一行星系12传递到发动机，从而运转并起动发动机。
在充电模式下，KERS 1通常在车辆制动时将动能传递到飞轮52中。图6(a)和6(b)的曲线图示出了ECU 60如何调整第一和第二马达20、22的排量以及飞轮的合成速度的示例。图6(a)示出了发动机速度为800rpm时的这些变量，而图6(b)示出了发动机速度为1800rpm时的变量。在每个曲线图中，轨迹A表示第一马达20的排量百分比，轨迹B表示第二马达22的排量百分比，轨迹C表示飞轮的速度百分比。当然，在这种模式下，第一马达20作为泵，第二马达22作为响应于从该泵中泵出的流体的马达。
参考图6(a)的示例，其中，发动机速度为800rpm，在充电事件开始时，泵20和马达22的排量都为零，并且对于该示例，还假设飞轮速度也为零。当将要发生充电时，泵20和马达22的排量以大致线性的方式增加。泵20的排量增加到最大(100％)，同时马达22的排量增加到大约55％，然后，保持，直到确定飞轮速度已经从0增加到最大速度。一旦达到最大飞轮速度，ECU 60将以相对线性的方式将泵20和马达22的排量减小回零。在图示的示例中，泵20达到最大排量和飞轮达到最大速度大约需要0.17秒。一旦泵和马达20、22都返回到零排量，飞轮将继续以最大速度旋转。在图示的示例中，整个充电序列需要大约0.33秒，变换器(即，泵和马达组合)生成的总功率为119kW。
在图6(b)中示出类似的充电事件，其中，在这种情况下，发动机速度为1800rpm。同样，泵和马达20、22的排量以相对线性的方式增加，泵排量增加到大约76％，马达排量增加到大约95％。排量的增加需要大约0.15秒，飞轮在大约0.075秒后已经达到最大速度。同样，当泵和马达20、22的排量减小到零时，飞轮将继续以最大速度旋转。充电序列需要大约0.3秒，变换器(即，泵和马达)生成的总功率为203kW。
当ECU 60从发动机ECU接收到补充功率需求时，将进入放电模式，这实际上是与充电模式相反的过程。此时，飞轮52将全速旋转，在这个示例中，该速度可能在52000rpm的区域内。这两个马达20、22都将处于零排量，这同样具有将飞轮与发动机/主推进器隔离的效果。一旦接收到功率需求，ECU 60就指示这两个马达20、22增加排量。结果，旋转飞轮52的能量经由第三行星系42和第二行星系34的减速齿轮作用传递到第二马达22的第二轴24。在该模式中，第二马达22将充当泵，其中，飞轮52经由相关行星系42、34对第二轴24的旋转将导致液压流体从第二马达22泵入第一马达20中。可以通过调整马达20、22中的一个或两个的排量，来控制第一马达20的第一轴的旋转速度以及由此控制由系统排放的能量的量。为了确保排放可以尽可能快地发生，ECU 60与多个传感器通信，以便监测第一太阳齿轮14和第一行星齿轮16及其在第一行星系12内的其相关轴10的相对转速。当ECU 60已经确定速度是同步的或者至少在彼此的预定百分比内时，锁定销11被ECU 60激活，以便接合第一齿圈18，从而防止第一齿圈相对于壳体19在任一方向上旋转。第一轴10的动能通过第一行星系12的减速齿轮作用传递到发动机，以便提供所需的补充功率。
如上所述，ECU 60还可以包括减速模式，其类似于放电模式，但飞轮的能量用来降低发动机功率，而不是增加发动机功率。也可能存在强制旋转减慢模式，其强制将飞轮速度降低到零。
图7示意性地示出了本发明的KERS可以连接到的车辆传动系。例如，KERS 1的第一轴10可以在主推进器3的输出和无级变速器(CVT)5的输入之间连接到传动系，或者其可以连接到主传动装置输出。第一轴10具有正齿轮7，正齿轮7与驱动齿轮9啮合，驱动齿轮9经由离合器11选择性地连接到主推进器3。CVT 5经由传动轴15和差速器17连接到一对驱动轴13。传动系制动器或减速器19也可以设置在传动轴15上。
本发明的KERS具有高寿命周期，并且能够达到深度放电。其也可以快速充电和放电。其还可以在较高温度的工作环境中表现良好，较高温度的工作环境在重型车辆应用中是典型的。其结构紧凑，往返效率优于经由电气、液压或气动方式存储动能的替代KERS系统。
本发明的各种所示实施例的紧凑设置确保工程师和设计者在KERS可位于车辆中的地方具有更大的灵活性。在包含起动器马达的优选实施例中，使得发动机可以仅经由飞轮起动，本发明还允许使用更小的起动器马达，这对于工程师和设计者来说也具有封装益处。
利用包括两个背对背流体连接的弯轴线马达的液压变换器，本发明还提供了一种具有无限可变控制的变换器。这在KERS在上述各种模式之间转换时特别有益，但是这种变换器不限于在上述KERS中使用，也可以在KERS之外的其他应用中使用。
在本发明使用一对飞轮的实施例中，KERS有效地具有单个飞轮系统的两倍动能存储容量。
第一行星齿轮的锁定单向离合器装置确保，当发动机速度高于飞轮的相对速度时，飞轮的充电将自动发生。此外，如上所述，锁定第一齿圈，防止其在任一方向上旋转，确保了存储在KERS中的能量的快速释放。然而，虽然这些是锁定单向离合器的优点，但是应该理解，这是一个可选的特征，可以从本发明中省略，支持传统的第一行星装置。
在优选实施例中，两个马达都被描述为具有可变排量。然而，一个马达(例如，第一马达)可以是可变排量马达，而另一马达(例如，第二马达)可以具有固定排量。此外，关于所示实施例描述的变换器是单向的，因为液压流体只能在单个方向上流过马达。然而，变换器可适于包括方向阀，可以致动该方向阀，以便在马达之间提供流体的双向流动。
在图示的实施例中，行星齿轮系为KERS提供加速齿轮装置。虽然行星齿轮系是优选的加速齿轮装置，但是应该理解，这些行星齿轮系可以被替代装置代替，例如，诸如正齿轮。
虽然优选的是，起动器马达包括在本发明的KERS中，但不是其基本元件。如果需要，KERS可以不设置有起动器马达。
在不脱离权利要求中限定的本发明的范围的情况下，可以包含这些和其他修改和改进。

Claims (15)

1.一种动能回收系统(KERS)，包括：
第一加速齿轮装置，其具有可连接到车辆动力系的输入；
液压变换器，其包括彼此流体连接的第一弯轴线马达和第二弯轴线马达，其中，至少所述第一马达是可变排量马达，并且所述第一马达连接到所述第一加速齿轮装置的输出；
第二加速齿轮装置，其具有连接到所述第二马达的输入；以及
至少一个飞轮，其连接到所述第二加速齿轮装置的输出，所述至少一个飞轮位于至少一个飞轮室内的真空中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的KERS，还包括电起动器马达，所述起动器马达连接到第二加速齿轮装置和/或所述至少一个飞轮。
3.根据前述任一权利要求所述的KERS，其中，所述第一加速齿轮装置是第一行星齿轮系，所述第一行星齿轮系具有第一齿圈和单向离合器，所述单向离合器适于确保所述第一齿圈只能在一个方向上旋转。
4.根据权利要求3所述的KERS，其中，所述第一行星齿轮系包括锁定机构，所述锁定机构适于选择性地锁定所述第一齿圈，以防止其在任一方向上旋转。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的KERS，其中，所述第一马达和所述第二马达都是可变排量马达。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的KERS，其中，所述第二加速齿轮装置包括彼此串联设置的第二行星齿轮系和第三行星齿轮系。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的KERS，还包括连接在所述第二马达和所述第二加速齿轮装置之间的惰轮，由此，所述第二加速齿轮装置和至少一个飞轮相对于所述KERS的其余部分偏移。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的KERS，还包括连接在所述第二加速齿轮装置和所述至少一个飞轮之间的惰轮，由此，所述至少一个飞轮相对于所述KERS的其余部分偏移。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的KERS，包括一对飞轮，其同轴设置并连接到所述第二加速齿轮装置。
10.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的KERS，其中，所述KERS包括第一飞轮和第二飞轮，并且还包括：
第一惰轮，其连接在所述第二加速齿轮装置和所述第一飞轮之间；以及
第二惰轮，其连接在所述第二加速齿轮装置和所述第二飞轮之间；
其中，所述第一飞轮和所述第二飞轮相对于彼此以及所述KERS的其余部分偏移。
11.一种车辆动力系，其包括根据任一前述权利要求所述的KERS。
12.一种液压变换器，其包括彼此流体连接的第一弯轴线马达和第二弯轴线马达，其中，至少所述第一马达是可变排量马达。
13.根据权利要求12所述的液压变换器，其中，所述第一马达和所述第二马达都是可变排量马达。
14.一种控制动能回收系统(KERS)的方法，所述动能回收系统包括连接到车辆动力系和/或发动机的第一加速齿轮装置、包括彼此流体连接的第一弯轴线马达和第二弯轴线马达的液压变换器、第二加速齿轮装置以及连接到所述第二加速齿轮装置的输出的至少一个飞轮，所述方法包括以下步骤：
监测车辆动力系的操作状态变化和/或功率需求；并且
响应于动力系操作状态变化和/或功率需求，改变两个所述马达中的至少一个的排量，以便对所述KERS充电或放电。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，所述KERS还包括连接到所述第二加速齿轮装置和/或所述至少一个飞轮的起动器马达，所述方法还包括以下步骤：
在所述监测步骤期间接收发动机启动命令；
将所述至少一个马达的排量设置为零；
激活所述起动器马达，以旋转所述至少一个飞轮；并且
从零增加所述至少一个马达的排量，以便将动能从飞轮传递到所述动力系，以便启动所述发动机。
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