CN109310315B

CN109310315B - Visual field visual acuity test system, visual field visual acuity test device, visual field visual acuity test method, storage medium, and server device

Info

Publication number: CN109310315B
Application number: CN201780034957.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 菅原充; 铃木诚; 长谷川欣也
Original assignee: QD Laser Inc
Current assignee: QD Laser Inc
Priority date: 2016-06-09
Filing date: 2017-06-07
Publication date: 2022-02-22
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-07
Also published as: WO2017213200A1; CN109310315A

Abstract

The terminal has an image data holding part for holding image data for examination, an image output processing part for outputting the image data for examination to a visual field visual acuity examination device, a display part for displaying the image, and a display control part for generating an image for examination based on the image data for examination and displaying the image for examination on the display part, the visual field visual acuity examination device has a light source part for emitting light, an image input part for inputting the image data for examination from the terminal, a control part for generating light based on the input image data for examination and controlling the emission of the image light from the light source part, a scanning mirror for scanning the image light to generate image light for examination, and a projection part for projecting the image light for examination as an image onto an eyeball of a person to be examined, the image data for examination includes visual acuity examination image data divided into a plurality of regions each including an identifier and visual acuity image including an optotype image Image data for inspection.

Description

Visual field visual acuity test system, visual field visual acuity test device, visual field visual acuity test method, storage medium, and server device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a visual field visual acuity test system, a visual field visual acuity test device, a visual field visual acuity test method, a visual field visual acuity test program, and a server device.

Background

A visual field inspection apparatus for measuring a peripheral visual field of a human is well known. In visual field inspection using a conventional visual field inspection device, visual targets are presented around a fixation point in a state where a subject is made to watch the fixation point, and a visual field range of the subject is determined based on a response from the subject indicating whether the visual targets are visible.

In the conventional vision test, it is common to measure the vision of the subject by keeping a fixed (fixed) distance between the visual target for vision test and the subject and by making the subject answer the shape of the visual target.

[ Prior art documents ]

[ patent document ]

Japanese patent document 1 (Japanese) laid-open No. 2003-542

[ patent document 2] (Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2014-188254)

Disclosure of Invention

[ problems to be solved by the invention ]

In the conventional method, the glistened bright spot is used as the visual target, and the presentation position of the visual target is gradually changed from the periphery of the fixation point to the outside of the visual field of the subject, so that it takes time to perform visual field examination. In addition, in the conventional system, a large housing for presenting a flickering spot while covering the visual field of the subject and/or a light shielding space for performing an inspection are required.

In addition, previous vision tests also require space to maintain a fixed distance between the optotype and the subject.

The disclosed technology has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a visual field test system, a visual field test device, a visual field test method, a visual field test program, and a server device that can easily perform visual field tests and visual tests.

[ means for solving problems ]

The disclosed technology is a visual field visual acuity test system including a visual field visual acuity test apparatus and a terminal apparatus communicating with the visual field visual acuity test apparatus, the terminal apparatus including an image data holding unit for holding test image data, an image output processing unit for outputting the test image data to the visual field visual acuity test apparatus, a display unit for displaying an image, and a display control unit for generating a test image based on the test image data and displaying the test image on the display unit, the visual field visual acuity test apparatus including a light source unit for emitting light, an image input unit for inputting test image data from the terminal apparatus, a control unit for generating light based on the input test image data and controlling emission of the image light from the light source unit, a scanning mirror for scanning the image light to generate test image light, a display unit for displaying the test image data, and a display control unit for generating a test image based on the input test image data, and a display control unit for controlling emission of the image light from the light source unit, And a projection unit that projects the inspection image light onto an eyeball of the subject as an inspection image, wherein the inspection image data includes visual field inspection image data divided into a plurality of regions each including an identifier and visual acuity inspection image data including an image of a visual target.

[ Effect of the invention ]

Visual field examination and visual acuity examination can be easily performed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a visual field test according to a first embodiment.

Fig. 2 is an explanatory view of a visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of a projection unit of the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the vibration of the 1 st mirror.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a hardware configuration of a terminal device.

FIG. 7 is a system configuration explanatory diagram of a visual field vision testing system according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of an inspection processing unit according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a first example of a visual field inspection image according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a second example of the image for visual field inspection according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 11 is a first diagram showing an example of an image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 12 is a second diagram showing an example of an image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

[ FIG. 13] is an explanatory view of the longer rings.

Fig. 14 is a third diagram showing an example of an image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 15 is a fourth diagram showing an example of an image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 16 is a fifth diagram showing an example of an image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an image for contrast sensitivity inspection.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a random view inspection image.

Fig. 19 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the terminal device according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of an input screen for a visual field inspection result according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 21A is a diagram showing an example of a visual recognition method for a visual field inspection image of a subject P.

Fig. 21B is a diagram showing an example of the visual recognition method in the case where the subject of the visual recognition method shown in fig. 21A observes the visual field inspection image.

Fig. 22 is a first diagram showing an example of an input screen in a state where a visual field inspection result is input according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 23 is a first diagram showing an example of a visual field inspection result table according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 24A is a diagram showing an example of a visual recognition method for a visual field inspection image of a subject Q.

Fig. 24B is a diagram showing an example of the visual recognition method in the case where the subject of the visual recognition method shown in fig. 24A observes the visual field inspection image.

Fig. 25 is a second diagram showing an example of an input screen in a state where the result of the visual field inspection is input in the first embodiment.

Fig. 26 is a second diagram showing an example of a visual field inspection result table according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 27 is a diagram showing an example of the visual recognition method in the case where the subject of the visual recognition method shown in fig. 24A observes the image for visual acuity test.

Fig. 28 is a diagram showing an example of an input screen in a state where a vision test result is input according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 29 is a first diagram showing an example of a vision test result table according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 30 is a second diagram showing an example of a vision test result table according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 31 is an explanatory view of the system configuration of the visual field vision testing system according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 32 is a functional explanatory diagram of an image generation processing unit according to a second embodiment.

Fig. 33 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the image generation processing unit according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram showing an example of image data generated by an image generation processing unit.

FIG. 35 is an explanatory view of the system configuration of the visual field vision testing system according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 36 is an explanatory view of the system configuration of the visual field vision testing system according to the fourth embodiment.

Detailed Description

(first embodiment)

The first embodiment will be explained below with reference to the drawings. In the visual field visual acuity test system according to the present embodiment, visual field tests and/or retinal visual acuity tests of a subject are performed using a visual field visual acuity test apparatus and a terminal apparatus. First, the visual field inspection of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a visual field test according to the first embodiment.

In the visual field visual acuity test system 100 according to the present embodiment, the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 attached to the subject P directly projects the visual field test image G divided into a plurality of (complex) regions onto the retina of the subject P, and specifies the regions visible and invisible to the subject P in the visual field test image G, thereby making it possible to know the range (visual field) visible to the eyes of the subject P.

The visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment is a retina projection type head mounted display using Maxwellian vision. The maxwell observation method is a method in which an image represented by image data is visually recognized by converging light rays for an image based on the image data at the center of a pupil and then projecting the converged light rays onto a retina without being affected by the crystal function of a human.

The terminal device 300 of the present embodiment is, for example, a tablet pc, a smartphone, or the like, and can transmit image data representing the visual field test image G to the visual field test apparatus 200. The terminal device 300 of the present embodiment may display a screen including the visual field inspection image G on the display 308, and may input a region visible to the examinee P and a region invisible to the examinee P. The display 308 is an example of a display unit.

The visual field visual acuity testing apparatus 200 is capable of projecting the visual field testing image G to a predetermined position on the retina of the subject P by irradiating the image based on the image data transmitted from the terminal apparatus 300 with light rays onto the retina of the subject P.

The image directly projected on the human retina can be visually recognized as an image represented by the image data as long as the function of the retina is normal. However, when a problem occurs in the function of the retina, the optic nerve, or the like, an image projected on the retina is visually recognized in a form different from that of an image represented by image data.

For example, when the retina is deformed, the image projected on the retina is visually recognized as a deformed image, like the deformation of the retina. Further, for example, when the visual field is deficient, the image projected on the retina is visually recognized as an image of a portion of the deficient visual field.

Thus, when some abnormality occurs in the retina, optic nerve, or the like, the image projected on the retina cannot be visually recognized as it is. In other words, when some abnormality occurs in the visual recognition method, when the image projected on the retina is visually recognized, the abnormality is reflected in the visually recognized image.

In the present embodiment, by focusing on this point, the visual field of the subject can be known by identifying the region visually recognized by the subject and the region not visually recognized in the inspection image projected onto the retina of the subject.

More specifically, in the visual field visual acuity test system 100 according to the present embodiment, the visual field test image G is an image in which the fixation point M is provided at the center, the image is divided into a plurality of regions, and the identifier (characters) for identifying each region is drawn.

In the present embodiment, the subject P can input the region in which the drawn characters are read and the region in which the drawn characters cannot be read by watching the gaze point M in the visual field inspection image G displayed on the display 308 of the terminal device 300.

That is, in the present embodiment, the input result of the terminal device 300 is the result of the visual field test of the subject P.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, since Maxwellian vision is used, the visual field inspection image G can be directly projected to a predetermined position on the retina, and the subject P can visually recognize the visual field inspection image G projected on the retina, and can avoid the movement of the inspection image on the retina even if the line of sight moves slightly. Further, according to the present embodiment, since it is not necessary to gradually change the presentation position of the bright spot as the optotype, the visual field can be specified only by observing the visual field inspection image G, and therefore, the inspection time can be significantly shortened.

Further, according to the present embodiment, since a light shielding space, a large-sized frame for covering the field of view of the examiner, and the like are not required, the field of view can be inspected at any place.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the burden on the subject can be reduced. Further, according to the present embodiment, since a large-sized housing as in the prior art is not required, the field of view inspection can be easily performed with a simple configuration. In the example of fig. 1, the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 is shaped like a general-purpose spectacle, but is not limited thereto. For example, the shape may be a goggle (goggle) covering both eyes of the person P.

When the subject P inputs the result of the visual field test on the terminal device 300, the image projection device 200 that is mounted may be removed and input, or the eye that does not perform the visual field test may observe the visual field test image G displayed on the display 308 and input.

In addition, if it is difficult to input the examination result to the terminal device 300 in a state where the visual field testing apparatus 200 is mounted, it is possible to assist the examiner in inputting to the terminal device 300. In this case, the examinee P can read out visually recognized characters, for example, and convey an area where the characters can be read out to the auxiliary examiner. In addition, when the terminal device 300 has a voice input unit (such as a microphone) and a voice recognition function, the examinee P can read visually recognized characters, and thus the examination result can be directly input by the voice of the examinee P.

Next, the visual acuity test of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a visual acuity test of the first embodiment.

In the visual acuity testing system 100 according to the present embodiment, when performing a visual acuity test, the terminal device 300 may transmit image data representing the visual acuity test image T to the visual acuity testing device 200. The terminal device 300 of the present embodiment may display a screen including the image T for visual acuity test on the display 308, and may input the result of the visual acuity test of the subject P.

The visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment can project the visual acuity test image T to a predetermined position on the retina of the subject P by irradiating the retina of the subject P with light rays based on the image data transmitted from the terminal apparatus 300, even in the case of visual acuity test.

The vision test image T of the present embodiment is an image in which a fixation point M is provided at the center and a plurality of long rings are arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions, as shown in fig. 2. The image for visual acuity test T according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of images having different sizes of longer circles (optotypes).

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the visual field inspection image T is directly projected onto the retina of the subject P, so that the vision of the retina of the subject P itself can be measured.

The vision of the retina itself is, for example, vision in a general sense that changes with the adjustment of the thickness of a crystalline lens based on ciliary muscle (ciliary muscle), and is information indicating the movement (change) of a macular region of the retina.

For example, in the visual acuity of the retina, the larger the number of bright rings that can be discriminated at the notch position in the visual acuity test image T is, the lower the number of bright rings that can be discriminated at the notch position is, the higher the number of bright rings that can be discriminated at the notch position is.

In this way, in the present embodiment, the vision of the retina itself, which is not affected by the crystal or the like, can be measured. Therefore, the present embodiment can be used, for example, for measuring the degree of visual recovery when a treatment for replacing a lens with an artificial lens is performed due to a cataract or the like.

In the visual acuity test using the visual acuity test system 100 according to the present embodiment, for example, the subject P can transmit the position of the bright ring notch of the visual acuity test image T projected on the retina to the auxiliary examiner in a state where the visual acuity test apparatus 200 is mounted. Further, the auxiliary examiner can select on the display 308 a long circle of the vision inspection image T in which the position of the notch is correctly determined by the examinee P, and input the inspection result to the terminal device 300.

Next, each device included in the visual field vision inspection system 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 3 to 6.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the visual field vision inspection device. The visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 of the present embodiment includes a projection unit 210 and a control unit 230.

The projection unit 210 of the present embodiment includes a light source 211, a scanning mirror 212, a mirror (mirror)213, a mirror 214, a mirror 215, and a projection unit 216.

The light source 211 is disposed on the temple 250 of the eyeglass-type frame (frame). The light source 211 can emit light L of one or more (plural) wavelengths, for example, under the instruction of the control unit 230. The light ray L is an image light ray for projecting an image on the retina 261 of the user's eyeball 260. In the following description, the light L is referred to as an image light.

The light source 211 can emit, for example, a red laser beam (wavelength: about 610nm to 660 nm), a green laser beam (wavelength: about 515nm to 540 nm), and a blue laser beam (wavelength: about 440nm to 480 nm). Here, red, green, and blue laser beams are emitted. The light source 211 of the present embodiment can be realized by, for example, a light source including a laser diode chip for three colors of RGB (red, green, and blue), a three-color (three-color) combining device, and a micro-collimator lens integrated with the light source 211.

The scanning mirror 212 is disposed on the temple 250 of the spectacle frame. The scanning mirror 212 scans the light for image emitted from the light source 211 in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The scanning mirror 212 is, for example, a mems (micro Electro Mechanical system) mirror. The image light emitted from the light source 211 may be reflected by the mirror 213 and the mirror 214, for example, and then incident on the scanning mirror 212.

The control unit 230 of the present embodiment can be realized by a processor such as a cpu (central Processing unit), a ram (random Access memory), a rom (read Only memory), and the like.

The processor and memory may be implemented on the same substrate as the scanning mirror 212(MEMS mirror), for example. The processor and the memory may be provided in an external device (for example, the terminal device 300) connected to the visual field and eyesight test apparatus 200.

The control unit 230 of the present embodiment can control the projection unit 210. The control unit 230 may cause the light source 211 to emit light for an image based on the input image data. The controller 230 of the present embodiment may also cause the scanning mirror 212(MEMS mirror) to oscillate, thereby scanning the image light emitted from the light source 211 and projecting an image on the retina 261.

In the visual field and eyesight inspection apparatus 200 according to the present embodiment, the components shown in fig. 3 may be provided on both the left and right sides of the eyeglass-type frame, or components other than the control unit 230 may be provided on both the left and right sides of the eyeglass-type frame, and the control unit 230 may be shared on both the left and right sides. In the present embodiment, the components shown in fig. 3 may be provided on either of the left and right sides of the eyeglass-type frame. In this case, for example, when performing a visual field test for the left eye, the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 in which the respective members shown in fig. 3 are provided on the left side of the eyeglass type frame may be used, and when performing a visual field test for the right eye, the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 in which the respective members shown in fig. 3 are provided on the right side of the eyeglass type frame may be used.

Next, projection of an image by the projection unit 210 of the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 will be described with reference to fig. 4 and 5.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the projection unit of the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the image light scanned by the scanning mirror 212 is reflected by the mirror 215 to the lens 251 of the glasses frame. In the present embodiment, since the projection unit 210 is disposed on the eyeball 260 side surface of the lens 251, the image light beam scanned by the scanning mirror 212 can be incident on the projection unit 216.

The projection unit 216 is a half mirror (half mirror) having a free-form surface or a composite structure of a free-form surface and a diffraction surface in a region 216a on which the image light is incident. Accordingly, the image light incident on the projection unit 216 can be converged near the pupil 262 of the eyeball 260 and then projected on the retina 261.

Therefore, the examinee can not only recognize the image formed by the image light but also visually recognize the external image by the see-through (see-through) method.

Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the vibration of the 1 st mirror. Note that fig. 4 shows a case where the scanning mirror 212 oscillates from point a to point B.

As a method of projecting an image onto the retina 261 by scanning an image with light rays by the scanning mirror 212, there is a method of scanning light at high speed from the upper left to the lower right of an image projection area, thereby displaying the image (e.g., raster scan).

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the scanning mirror 212 may oscillate in the horizontal direction (1 st direction) and the vertical direction (2 nd direction intersecting the 1 st direction) in a range larger than a region H (a dotted line range in fig. 5) where an image is projected on the retina 261 in order to scan the image light rays (light rays L). The oscillation of the scan mirror 212 is shown at 50 in FIG. 5.

When the image is projected on the retina 261 by scanning the image with the light rays in a range where the scanning mirror 212 largely vibrates, distortion (distortion) of the image is large. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the image light beam is scanned in a range where the vibration of the scanning mirror 212 is small.

Although fig. 5 illustrates an example in which the image light beam is scanned in a rectangular shape, the present invention is not limited to this example, and may be scanned in another shape such as a trapezoidal shape.

In the present embodiment, the projection area H of the image preferably has a size (size) that covers the field of view of the examiner. The size of the visual field of the subject means, for example, a size (range) in which the image projected on the retina covers approximately 60 degrees on the nose side and the upper side, approximately 70 degrees on the lower side, and approximately 90 to 100 degrees on the ear side when seen with one eye.

In the present embodiment, by setting the size of the projection area of the image (inspection image) to a size that covers the visual field of the subject, even if there is no visual field defect or abnormality such as retinal or optic nerve, the subject can be appropriately inspected for the visual field.

The image projection area H may be smaller than the size (range) covering the nose side, the upper side, the lower side, and the ear side by about 60 degrees, 70 degrees, and 90 to 100 degrees, as described above, for a subject or the like, for which it is known in advance that a part of the visual field is missing.

Next, the terminal device 300 of the present embodiment will be explained. Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the hardware configuration of the terminal device.

The terminal device 300 of the present embodiment includes a display operation device 301, a drive device 302, an auxiliary storage device 303, a memory device 304, a calculation processing device 305, and an interface device 306, which are connected to each other by a bus B.

The display operation device 301 is a touch panel or the like, and has a display function of displaying information and an input function of inputting information. The interface device 306 includes a LAN card or the like for connection with a network.

The visual field test program executed in the terminal device 300 is at least a part of various programs for controlling the terminal device 300. The visual field visual acuity test program can be provided by, for example, distribution to a recording medium (storage medium) 307, downloading from a network, or the like. The recording medium 307 on which the visual field visual acuity test program is recorded (stored) may be any of various types of recording media such as a CD-ROM, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, etc., on which information is recorded by optical recording, electrical recording, or magnetic recording, and a ROM, a flash memory, etc., on which information is recorded by electrical recording, such as a semiconductor memory.

In addition, the visual field visual acuity test program may be installed (install) from the recording medium 307 to the auxiliary storage device 303 via the drive device 302 after the recording medium 307 on which the visual field visual acuity test program is recorded is loaded into the drive device 302. The visual field acuity test program downloaded from the network may be installed in the secondary storage device 303 via the interface device 306.

The auxiliary storage device 303 may store necessary files, data, and the like in addition to the mounted visual field and eyesight inspection program. The memory device 304 may read the visual field vision inspection program from the auxiliary storage device 303 and save it when the computer is started. The arithmetic processing unit 305 can realize various processes described later based on the visual field vision inspection program stored in the memory unit 304.

In the present embodiment, the terminal device 300 is a terminal device having the display operation device 301, but is not limited thereto. The terminal 300 may be a desktop computer or a notebook computer, for example. In this case, the terminal device 300 may have an input device such as a mouse or a keyboard for inputting information, and an output device such as a display for displaying information, instead of the display operation device 301.

Next, the visual field visual acuity test system 100 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 7. Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a system configuration of the visual field vision inspection system according to the first embodiment.

The visual field visual acuity test system 100 of the present embodiment includes a visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 and a terminal apparatus 300. In the visual acuity test system 100, the visual acuity test apparatus 200 is connected to the terminal apparatus 300, and can communicate with the terminal apparatus 300.

In the example of fig. 7, the visual field and eyesight test apparatus 200 and the terminal apparatus 300 communicate with each other by wireless, but the present invention is not limited to this. The visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 and the terminal apparatus 300 may be connected by any method as long as they can be connected in a state in which they can communicate.

The terminal device 300 of the present embodiment includes an inspection processing unit 310, an image output processing unit 320, and an inspection result storage unit 330.

The inspection processing unit 310 of the present embodiment can hold the inspection image data corresponding to the visual field inspection image G and the inspection image data corresponding to the visual acuity inspection image T, and can transfer these inspection image data to the image output processing unit 320.

The examination processing unit 310 of the present embodiment may display the visual field examination image G or the visual acuity examination image T on the screen of the host device (the host device), receive an input of the examination result of the examinee, and store the examination result information indicating the examination result in the examination result storage unit 330. The inspection processing unit 310 will be described in detail below.

The image output processing section 320 may output the image data received from the inspection processing section 310 to an external device. Specifically, the image output processing unit 320 of the present embodiment outputs (transmits) the visual field test image data and/or the visual acuity test image data to the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200.

The examination result storage unit 330 includes a visual field examination result table 331 and a visual acuity examination result table 332. The visual field test result table 331 can store the test result of the visual field test of the subject who is wearing the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus 200. The visual acuity test result table 332 stores the test results of the visual acuity test of the subject wearing the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200. The visual field test result table 331 and the visual acuity test result table 332 will be described in detail below.

Next, the inspection processing unit 310 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 8. Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the inspection processing unit according to the first embodiment. Each of the components shown in fig. 8 can be realized by reading and executing a visual field test program stored in the memory device 304 or the like by the operation processing device 305 of the terminal device 300.

The inspection processing unit 310 of the present embodiment includes an image data holding unit 311, a display control unit 312, an input reception unit 313, an image data selection unit 314, and an inspection result storage control unit 315.

The image data holding unit 311 can hold the image data for visual field examination corresponding to the image G for visual field examination and the image data for visual acuity examination corresponding to the image T for visual acuity examination. Upon receiving a request for starting an inspection, the image data holding unit 311 of the present embodiment transfers image data corresponding to the inspection to be performed to the image output processing unit 320 and the display control unit 312.

In the visual field visual acuity test system 100 according to the present embodiment, the test image data is held only in the image data holding unit 311, but the present invention is not limited to this. The control unit 230 of the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus 200 may hold the image data for testing.

Upon receiving the inspection image data, the display control unit 312 causes the display 308 of the terminal device 300 to display an input screen including the inspection result of the inspection image. More specifically, the display control unit 312 displays an input screen including the examination result of the visual field examination image G and/or an input screen including the examination result of the visual acuity examination image T. The display control unit 312 of the present embodiment may also display a selection screen for selecting a visual field test or a visual acuity test upon receiving a request for performing the test.

The input receiving unit 313 can receive (accept) an input corresponding to various operations performed on the display operation device 301. Specifically, the input reception unit 313 can receive a request to start an inspection, selection of an inspection to be performed, input on an input screen of an inspection result, and the like.

The image data selecting unit 314 can select image data corresponding to the type of the examination accepted by the input accepting unit 313 from the image data for examination held in the image data holding unit 311, and transmit the selected image data to the display control unit 312.

Specifically, the image data selecting unit 314 selects the image data corresponding to the visual field test image G when the visual field test is selected on the test selection screen, and selects the image data corresponding to the visual field test image T when the visual field test is selected, and then transfers the image data to the display control unit 312.

The inspection result storage controller 315 may store the inspection result received by the input receiver 313 in the inspection result storage 330 in association with the information of the examinee and the information indicating the date and time at which the input of the inspection result was received.

Next, the image G for visual field inspection according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 9 and 10. Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first example of a visual field inspection image according to the first embodiment, and fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a second example of the visual field inspection image.

The visual field inspection image G shown in fig. 9 is divided into a plurality of regions in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. In other words, the visual field inspection image G is formed by a set of regions on a rectangle.

In each region in the visual field inspection image G, an arabic numeral is drawn as an identifier for identifying each region. The identifier of the area is not limited to an arabic numeral. The identifier of the region may be, for example, another kind of number, hiragana, kanji, alphabet, or characters in another language.

In addition, a fixation point M is formed in the center of the visual field inspection image G. In the example of fig. 9, the mark indicating the gazing point M is "plus", but the shape of the mark indicating the gazing point is not limited to this. The shape of the mark indicating the gazing point may be any shape as long as the point to be gazed at can be displayed to the examinee P.

Among the visual disorders, there is a disorder in which even if an image or the like can be discriminated (identified), a character cannot be discriminated. In the present embodiment, by using the identifiers of the regions as characters, it is possible to determine whether or not the ability to recognize the characters of each region is present.

The above-described effects can be obtained by using characters as the identifiers of the regions in the present embodiment, but the identifiers do not necessarily have to be characters. For example, as the identifier of the region, an image or the like may be displayed on each region.

For example, in fig. 9, an apple image may be displayed in the region with the identifier "1", and an automobile image may be displayed in the region with the identifier "2". For example, a star-shaped mark image may be displayed in the region with the identifier "1", and a heart-shaped mark image may be displayed in the region with the identifier "2".

By making the identifier not a character but an image as described above, it is possible to distinguish between a visible region and an invisible region in the inspection image even for a person who is not able to recognize characters, for example.

In fig. 9, the number of regions included in the visual field inspection image G is 100, but the number of regions is not limited to this. The number of regions in the visual field inspection image G may be determined according to the size of the projection region of the visual field inspection image G. The number of regions in the visual field inspection image G may be determined by the number of regions around the region visible and the region invisible to the examinee.

In the visual field inspection image G, if the number of regions is too large, the burden on the subject may increase, and if the number of regions is too small, the visible region and the invisible region may not be appropriately grasped. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the number of regions in the visual field inspection image G is appropriately determined to be about the number of regions visible to the user and the number of regions invisible to the user without increasing the burden on the user. The number of regions may be predetermined based on, for example, the result of repeating visual field tests using the visual field test system 100 of the present embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the region included in the visual field inspection image G is rectangular, but the present invention is not limited to this. The shape of the region included in the visual field inspection image G may be circular, elliptical, or square.

In the visual field inspection image G1 shown in fig. 10, the size of the identifier drawn in the region is larger as the distance from the center gazing point M is larger.

In the visual field inspection, when the subject P is made to look at the gaze point located at the center of the visual field inspection image G1, the subject P is likely to visually recognize the identifier of the region near the gaze point, and the identifier of the region farther from the gaze point is less likely to visually recognize the region.

Therefore, in the visual field inspection image G1, by rendering the identifiers at positions in the direction away from the gaze point M gradually larger around the gaze point M, the visibility of the identifiers around the visual field inspection image G1 can be improved. The visual field test image G1 can also be used to measure the visual field distribution of the retina itself.

Next, the vision inspection image will be described with reference to fig. 11 to 18. Fig. 11 is a first diagram showing an example of an image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

In the image T for visual acuity test shown in fig. 11, 6 rows and 11 columns of long rings are arranged. In the present embodiment, coordinates indicating the centers of the long rings included in the visual acuity test image T may be associated with the visual acuity test image T.

For example, when the image for visual acuity test T is displayed on the input screen of the test result of the visual acuity test (see fig. 2), it is conceivable that the user cannot determine the gaps of the bright rings 121 to 123 in the image for visual acuity test T. In this case, in the present embodiment, as information for specifying a long ring in which the subject cannot determine a gap, the coordinates of the center points P1, P2, and P3 of the long rings 121 to 123 are output.

Fig. 12 is a second diagram showing an example of the image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment. The vision test image T1 shown in fig. 12 includes 3 rows and 5 columns of long rings, and the long rings of the vision test image T1 are larger than the long rings of the vision test image T shown in fig. 11.

In the present embodiment, for example, in addition to the images for visual acuity test shown in fig. 11 and 12, there may be an image for visual acuity test corresponding to the level of visual acuity in which long rings having a size corresponding to the level of visual acuity are arranged.

In this way, in the present embodiment, the size of the long circle projected on the retina of the subject can be selected according to the vision of the subject, and the vision test image in which the long circle of the selected size is arranged can be projected on the retina of the subject. In this case, the size of the bright multiple rings projected onto the retina of the subject can be selected by the subject or the auxiliary examiner, for example.

In the present embodiment, by making the size of the longer circle in the image for visual acuity test T smaller in scale or continuously changing, visual acuity test up to 2 bits after the decimal point can be performed.

Next, the langpolycyclic ring will be described with reference to fig. 13. FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a Lantern ring.

The lang-polycycle is a black ring, and the diameter of the whole ring, the width of the arc, and the width of the opening of the ring portion (gap width) are 5:1: 1.

In the present embodiment, for example, when a gap of about 1.45mm can be discriminated from a distance of 5m, the visual acuity is 1.0. More specifically, when a long circle having a diameter of 7.5mm, a circular arc width of 1.5mm, and a notch width of 1.5mm is observed at a distance of 5m, the visual acuity capable of determining the position of the notch is regarded as "visual acuity 1.0".

Therefore, in the present embodiment, for example, when measuring whether or not the vision is 1.0 or more, the vision inspection image T including the bright ring having a size when the bright ring having a diameter of 7.5mm, a width of the arc of 1.5mm, and a width of the notch of 1.5mm is observed from a position 5m away may be projected on the retina by the visual field vision inspection apparatus 200.

Fig. 14 is a third diagram showing an example of the image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment.

Fig. 14 shows an example of an image for visual acuity test in which the display positions of the bright circles are different. In the image for visual acuity test T11 shown in fig. 14, 1 long ring is arranged on the upper left side, and 1 long ring is arranged on the lower left side in the image for visual acuity test T12. In the image for visual acuity test T13 shown in fig. 14, 1 longer circle is arranged on the upper right side.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, by sequentially projecting the vision inspection images having different positions of arrangement of the plurality of rings on the retina of the subject, it is possible to inspect whether or not there is a lack of visual field in addition to the vision.

In fig. 14, 1 vision test image is provided with 1 langen ring, but the present invention is not limited to this. A plurality of Lantern rings may be arranged in 1 vision examination image.

In the example of fig. 14, the vision inspection images with different positions of arrangement of the long rings are sequentially projected onto the retina of the subject, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the image for visual acuity test may be projected on the retina of the subject as an animation in which the positions of the plurality of rings are moved.

By using such an image for visual acuity test, the visual field of the subject can be associated with the visual acuity in the present embodiment. In other words, in the present embodiment, the distribution of the visual force on the retina of the subject can be known.

Fig. 15 is a fourth diagram showing an example of the image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment. In the vision inspection image T15 shown in fig. 15, a plurality of images 151 to 156 of bright rings having different luminances are arranged.

In the vision inspection image T15, the luminance gradually decreases from the bright ring image 151 toward the bright ring image 156.

In this embodiment, by thus differentiating the luminance of the images of the plurality of rings, the luminance required for the user to discriminate the images can be obtained.

In the image for visual acuity test of the present embodiment, the bright ring may be a black image or an image of a color other than black, such as blue, red, or green. In the present embodiment, by changing the color of the image of the bright ring, not only the visual acuity test but also the presence or absence of color vision abnormality (disorder) can be tested.

Fig. 16 is a fifth diagram showing an example of the image for visual acuity test according to the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the vision examination can be performed by using images other than the bright ring.

The image for visual acuity test T16 shown in fig. 16 includes an etdrs (early Treatment of visual acuity student) visual chart.

In the ETDRS chart, the difference in size between the optotypes on the columns is 0.1logMAR units, and 5 optotypes are arranged in 1 row. In addition, the text as the optotype is Sloan Letter set (10 text of C, D, H, K, N, O, R, S, V, Z) in Sloan font. In the ETDRS chart, the interval between the targets is 1 target, and as a result, the targets are not columns but are digitized.

As described above, in the present embodiment, visual acuity test can be performed using visual targets other than the long ring. The term "optotype other than the landolt ring" means, for example, a Tumbling E optotype, in addition to the ETDRS optotype.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an example of an image for contrast sensitivity (contrast sensitivity) examination, and fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of an example of a random view examination image.

The image for visual acuity test T according to the present embodiment may include, for example, a contrast sensitivity test image shown in fig. 17.

The

images

171 and 172 shown in fig. 17 are images for projecting the gradation (gradation) of colors in the entire field of view. In the present embodiment, the contrast sensitivity of the subject can be measured by projecting the gradation of the color in the visual field of the subject and inputting the color recognizable by the subject as the inspection result.

In the present embodiment, the image projected in the entire field of view may not be an image having a gradation, and for example, a plurality of images having the same color in the entire field of view may be prepared and projected in sequence to achieve an effect of having a gradation.

The image for visual acuity test T according to the present embodiment may further include an image 181 and/or an image 182 for performing a casual vision test shown in fig. 18. By including these images in the image for visual acuity test T, it is possible to test whether or not the user is looking at the wrong sight.

Next, the operation of the terminal device 300 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 19. Fig. 19 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the terminal device according to the first embodiment.

The terminal device 300 of the present embodiment determines whether or not the input reception unit 313 has received a request for starting the visual field inspection in the inspection processing unit 310 (step S1901). When the start request is received in step S1901, the inspection processing unit 310 proceeds to step S1911, which will be described later.

Upon receiving the start request in step S1901, the inspection processing unit 310 selects and reads out the image data for the visual field inspection from the image data held in the image data holding unit 311 by the image data selecting unit 314, and transfers the image data for the visual field inspection to the image output processing unit 320 and the display control unit 312 (step S1902).

The image output processing unit 320 transmits the inspection image data to the visual field and eyesight inspection apparatus 200 (step S1903). In the visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200, the transmitted image data for the test is input to the control unit 230, and then the projection unit 210 scans the retina of the subject with the image light based on the image data for the test so that the subject can visually recognize the visual field test image G.

The display control unit 312 causes the display 308 of the terminal device 300 to display an input screen including the inspection result of the visual field inspection image G based on the inspection image data (step S1S 904). The input screen of the inspection result will be described in detail below.

Next, the inspection processing unit 310 determines whether or not the input accepting unit 313 accepts input of the inspection result on the input screen (step S1905). If it is determined in step S1905 that the input of the inspection result has not been accepted, the input accepting unit 313 proceeds to step S1908 described later.

When it is determined in step S1905 that the input of the inspection result is accepted, the input accepting unit 313 determines whether or not an instruction to save the inspection result is accepted (step S1906). If it is determined in step S1906 that the storage instruction has not been accepted, the input accepting unit 313 proceeds to step S1910 to be described later.

When it is determined in step S1906 that the input of the storage instruction has been accepted, the inspection processing unit 310 stores the input inspection result in the inspection result storage unit 330 by the inspection result storage control unit 315 (step S1907), and then ends the process.

If it is determined in step S1905 that the input of the inspection result has not been accepted, the input accepting unit 313 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed (step S1908). If it is determined in step S1908 that the predetermined time has not elapsed, the input reception unit 313 returns to step S1905.

If it is determined in step S1908 that the predetermined time has elapsed, the inspection processing unit 310 causes the display control unit 312 to display information indicating that the visual field inspection has not been normally performed on the terminal device 300 (step S1909), and then ends the processing.

If it is determined in step S1906 that the storage instruction has not been received, the input reception unit 313 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed (step S1910). If it is determined in step S1910 that the predetermined time has not elapsed, the input reception unit 313 returns to step S1906.

If it is determined in step S1910 that the predetermined time has elapsed, the inspection processing unit 310 proceeds to step S1909.

When it is determined in step S1901 that the request for starting the visual field test has not been accepted, the test processing unit 310 of the present embodiment determines whether or not the input accepting unit 313 accepts the request for starting the visual field test (step S1911). If it is determined in step S1911 that the request for starting the visual acuity test has not been accepted, the test processing unit 310 returns to step S1901.

When it is determined in step S1911 that the request for starting the visual acuity test is accepted, the test processing unit 310 selects and reads the image data for the visual acuity test from the image data held in the image data holding unit 311 by the image data selecting unit 314, transfers the image data for the visual acuity test to the image output processing unit 320 and the display control unit 312 (step S1912), and then proceeds to step S1903.

Next, an input screen of the inspection result will be described with reference to fig. 20. Fig. 20 is a diagram showing an example of an input screen of the inspection result according to the first embodiment. The input screen 101 shown in fig. 20 may be displayed on the display 308 of the terminal apparatus 300.

The input screen 101 includes a visual field inspection image G. The input screen 101 also includes presentation information (message)102 for allowing the subject or the like to select a readable number from the visual field inspection image G, and a button 103 for instructing storage of the inspection result.

In the example of fig. 20, the presentation information 102 is "a number to be read by touching the subject", and is a content for prompting the subject to select a number that can be visually recognized in the visual field inspection image G. The presentation information 102 may be, for example, a content for prompting the subject to select a number that is not visually recognizable in the visual field inspection image G.

The content of the presentation information 102 may be set in advance by the administrator of the visual field inspection system 100 or the like. Further, for example, whether to select a readable number or a non-readable number may be set by the examinee.

Next, the inspection result storage unit 330 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 21 to 26. First, the visual field inspection result table 331-P of the subject P will be described with reference to fig. 21 to 23.

Fig. 21 is a first diagram showing an example of a visual recognition method for a visual field inspection image of a subject. Fig. 21A is a schematic diagram showing an example of a visual recognition method of the visual field inspection image of the subject P, and fig. 21B is a schematic diagram showing an example of a visual recognition method of the visual field inspection image observed by the subject in the visual recognition method shown in fig. 21A.

As shown in fig. 21A, the examinee P has

defective areas

112, 113, and 114 in the field of view 111. These

defective regions

112, 113, and 114 correspond to positions on the retina of the subject P. In other words, some abnormality occurs at a position on the retina of the subject P corresponding to the

defective region

112, 113, 114 in the field of view 111.

In this way, when the visual field inspection image G is projected onto the retina of the subject P having a defective area in the visual field, the

defective areas

112, 113, and 114 shown in fig. 21A are also reflected in the visual field inspection image G.

Therefore, the visual field inspection image G is viewed by the examinee P as an image in which the regions (hatched portions) corresponding to the

defective regions

112, 113, and 114 are missing as shown in fig. 21B. Therefore, the examinee cannot visually recognize the number drawn in the area at the position corresponding to the defective area.

In the example of fig. 21, the areas included in the defective area 112 are areas whose identifiers are 1, 2, 11, and 21, and the areas included in the defective area 113 are areas whose identifiers are 9, 10, 20, and 30. Therefore, these numbers are numbers that cannot be read by the user P.

Fig. 22 is a first diagram showing an example of an input screen in a state where the visual field inspection result is input in the first embodiment.

The input screen 101A shown in fig. 22 shows an example in which the result of the visual field test of the subject P is input on the input screen 101.

As can be seen from the input screen 101A, the numbers of the areas included in the defective areas 112 to 114 are not selected, and the numbers of the areas other than the defective areas 112 to 114 are selected.

In the input screen 101A of fig. 22, the selected region in the visual field inspection image G is set to be brighter and more visible than the unselected region, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the input screen 101A, it is preferable that the selected area and the unselected area in the visual field inspection image G are displayed in different forms so that they can be distinguished from each other.

As can be seen from the input screen 101A, the numbers that can be read by the person P to be tested are selected from the numbers 3 to 8, 12 to 19, 22 to 29, 31 to 89, and 91 to 99. As a result, the region in which the number selected by the subject P is drawn is the visual field of the subject P.

The input operation of the inspection result on the input screen 101A is finished, and the input inspection result can be stored in the visual field inspection result table 331-P after the button 103 is operated.

The visual field inspection result table 331-P of the present embodiment includes, as items of information, an ID of a subject, an inspection day, an input time, a number read out, and a number not read out. In the visual field inspection result table 331-P, the item "examinee ID" is associated with another item. In the following description, information including the values of the items in the visual field inspection result table 331-P is referred to as visual field inspection result information.

The value of the item "examinee ID" is an identifier for identifying the examinee. In the present embodiment, the name of the examinee or the like may be used instead of the identifier as the information for identifying the examinee.

The value of the item "inspection date" is information indicating the date on which the visual field inspection was performed. The value of the item "input time" is information indicating the time at which the inspection result of the visual field inspection is input to the terminal device 300. That is, the value of the item "input time" is information indicating the time when the visual field inspection is performed.

The value of the item "read number" indicates the number read by the subject in the visual field inspection image G. In other words, the value of the item "read number" indicates a number drawn in a region selected as a readable number in the visual field inspection image G displayed on the input screen 101 of the inspection result.

The value of the item "unread number" indicates a number that is not read by the subject in the visual field inspection image G. In other words, the value of the item "unread number" indicates a number drawn in an area that is not selected as a readable number in the visual field inspection image G displayed on the input screen 101 of the inspection result.

As is clear from the visual field inspection result table 331-P shown in fig. 23, the inspection result input at 10:00 (input time) of 2016/4/10 (inspection day) of the subject P whose subject ID is 001 and the inspection result input at 18:00 (input time) of 2016/4/13 (inspection day) are stored.

Next, the visual field inspection result table 331-Q of the subject Q will be described with reference to fig. 24 to 26.

Fig. 24 is a second diagram showing an example of a visual recognition method for the visual field inspection image of the subject. Fig. 24A is a schematic diagram of an example of the visual recognition method of the subject Q, and fig. 24B is a schematic diagram of an example of the visual recognition method shown in fig. 24A when the subject observes the visual field inspection image G.

The examinee Q has a defective area 142 in the field of view 141 as shown in fig. 24A.

Therefore, the visual field inspection image G is viewed by the examinee Q as an image in which a region (shaded portion) corresponding to the defective region 142 is absent as shown in fig. 24B. Therefore, the examinee cannot visually recognize the number drawn in the area corresponding to the defective area.

In the example of fig. 24B, the numbers drawn in the area included in the defective area 142 are numbers that the examinee Q cannot read.

Fig. 25 is a second diagram showing an example of an input screen in a state where the visual field inspection result is input in the first embodiment.

The input screen 101B shown in fig. 25 shows an example in which the result of the visual field test of the examinee Q is input on the input screen 101.

As is clear from the input screen 101B, the numbers of the areas included in the defective area 142 are not selected, and the numbers of the areas other than the defective area 142 are all selected.

It is also known from the input screen 101B that the numbers that can be read out by the examinee Q are selected from the 5 to 10, 15 to 20, 25 to 30, 35 to 40, 45 to 50, and 55 to 59. As a result, the region in which the number selected by the subject Q is drawn is the visual field of the subject Q.

The input operation for inputting the result of the visual field inspection in the screen 101B is completed, and the inspection result can be stored in the visual field inspection result table 331-Q after the button 103 is operated.

Fig. 26 is a second diagram showing an example of the visual field inspection result table according to the first embodiment.

As is clear from the visual field inspection result table 331-Q shown in fig. 26, the visual field inspection result input by the examinee Q whose examinee ID is 002 at 10:00 (input time) of 2016/4/10 (inspection day) and the visual field inspection result input at 18:00 (input time) of 2016/4/13 (inspection day) are stored.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the visual field inspection image G divided into a plurality of regions is directly projected onto a predetermined position of the retina by Maxwellian vision, each region of the visual field inspection image G can correspond to a position on the retina, and therefore, if visual inspection and non-visual inspection are performed for these regions, visual field inspection can be performed at each position on the retina.

In the present embodiment, the visual field test result table 331 stored in the terminal device 300 may be stored in a server or the like of a medical institution or the like into which the visual field visual acuity test system 100 is introduced, for example.

In the present embodiment, the case where the size of the visual field inspection image G is a size that can cover the visual field of the user has been described, but the size is not limited to this.

For example, in the present embodiment, a mechanism for detecting the moving direction of the pupil may be provided in the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus 200. In the present embodiment, by providing such a mechanism in the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus 200, the direction of irradiation of the image light from the light source 211 in the direction in which the pupil of the subject moves can be changed to the direction in which the pupil has moved.

Thus, the examinee can visually recognize the same visual field inspection image G both after the pupil moves and before the pupil moves. Therefore, the subject does not need to face a fixed direction, that is, can receive the visual field test in a free posture. In addition, the accuracy of the inspection can be improved by allowing the subject to always visually recognize the visual field inspection image G during the inspection without being affected by the posture of the subject or the like.

In the visual field inspection result table 331 of the present embodiment, for example, coordinate information indicating the position of the region indicated by each identifier in the visual field inspection image G may be used instead of the value of the item "read number" and the value of the item "unread number". The visual field information table 331 may also include, as items of information, coordinate information indicating the position of an area represented by values of the items "read numbers" and "unread numbers".

The coordinate information may be obtained from, for example, the image data for inspection, or may be obtained from, for example, a table or the like in which an identifier of each region and coordinate information for specifying a region corresponding to the identifier are associated with each other. The table may be given in the terminal device 300 in advance.

In the present embodiment, the inspection result information may include image data of the visual field inspection image G in the state where the region is selected. That is, in the present embodiment, the inspection result information may be held as one item of the inspection result information, the image data of the visual field inspection image G having the selected region as shown in fig. 12 and/or fig. 15.

In the present embodiment, the brightness (luminance) of the visual field inspection image G may be changed in stages, and the inspection result may be input for each change. In this case, the inspection result storage unit 330 may add an item "brightness of the visual field inspection image G" and may include the value of the item "brightness of the visual field inspection image G" in the inspection result information.

In the present embodiment, by inputting the inspection result for each luminance of the visual field inspection image G, the visual field of the subject corresponding to the luminance can be specified.

Next, the visual acuity test result table 332-Q of the examinee Q will be described with reference to fig. 27 to 29.

Fig. 27 is a schematic view of an example of the visual recognition method in the case where the subject of the visual recognition method shown in fig. 24A observes the image for visual acuity test.

The test subject Q has a defective area 142 in the field of view 141. Therefore, the image T for visual acuity test is visually recognized as an image of a region (shaded portion) lacking a position corresponding to the lacking region 142, as shown in fig. 27, for the subject Q. Therefore, the user Q cannot visually recognize the long ring drawn in the region corresponding to the defective region. Therefore, in the example of fig. 27, the long circle drawn in the area included in the defective area 142 is an area where the user Q cannot distinguish the defect.

Fig. 28 is a schematic diagram of an example of an input screen in a state where a vision test result is input according to the first embodiment.

The input screen 101C shown in fig. 28 shows an example in which the result of the visual field test of the examinee Q is input on the input screen 101.

In the present embodiment, the vision inspection images T including the different size of the bright rings are sequentially projected on the retina of the subject Q. In the present embodiment, for example, the examinee Q reads the direction of the long circle notch projected in the region other than the defect region 142, and the assistant examiner selects the long circle optotype in the direction of the notch read by the examinee on the input screen 101C.

In this case, it is difficult for the examiner to know the presence of the defective region 142 in the visual field of the examinee and/or which part of the visual field is the defective region 142. Therefore, for example, an identifier or the like for specifying each of the bright rings may be provided in the center or the vicinity of the bright ring in the image for visual acuity test T.

For example, as shown in fig. 28, identifiers for identifying the long rings may be numbered at the centers of the long rings.

It is also clear from the input screen 101C that the long ring in the region included in the defective region 142 is not selected, and the long ring in the region other than the defective region 142 is selected.

It is also clear from the input screen 101C that 5 to 11 longer than the input screen, 16 to 22 longer than the input screen, 27 to 33 longer than the input screen, 38 to 44 longer than the input screen, and 50 to 52 longer than the input screen.

In the present embodiment, by performing the visual acuity test in this way, the visual acuity in the visual field of the subject Q can be measured. In the present embodiment, visual field examination can be performed to check whether or not there is a defective region in the visual field of the subject Q, simultaneously with the visual field examination.

The input action of the result of the visual acuity test in the input screen 101C is ended, and after the button 103 is operated, the result of the visual acuity test can be stored in the visual acuity test result table 332-Q.

The visual acuity test result table 332-Q of the present embodiment includes items of information such as the subject ID, the test day, the input time, the undetermined bright ring, and the determined bright ring. In the visual acuity information table 332-Q, the item "subject ID" is associated with other items. In the following description, information including the values of the items in the vision inspection result table 332-Q is referred to as vision inspection result information.

The value of the item "no distinguished bright ring" indicates a bright ring in which the subject cannot distinguish a gap in the image for visual acuity test T. In other words, the value of the item "no distinguishable longer has a function of specifying a longer-range optotype, which can be distinguished as a notch, but a longer-range optotype, which is not selected, in the vision inspection image T displayed on the input screen 101C.

The value of the item "discriminated bright ring" indicates a bright ring in which the subject can discriminate the gap in the image for visual acuity test T. In other words, the value of the item "discriminated longer ring" is an identifier that specifies a longer ring selected as a longer ring optotype whose gap can be discriminated in the vision inspection image T displayed on the input screen 101C.

As is clear from the visual acuity test result table 332-Q shown in fig. 29, the visual acuity test results inputted by the examinee Q having the examinee ID of 002 at 10:00 (input time) of 2016/4/10 (examination day) are stored.

In the example of fig. 29, the values of the items "undetermined bright ring" and "detected bright ring" are identifiers for identifying bright rings, but the present invention is not limited to this. The values of the items "undetermined longer loop" and "detected longer loop" may be, for example, coordinates of the center point of the longer loop selected in the input screen 101C.

Fig. 30 is a second diagram showing an example of the vision test result table according to the first embodiment. The visual acuity test result tables 332A to Q shown in fig. 30 show examples of visual acuity test results in the case where an animation in which 1 long circle is moved is projected onto the retina of the subject Q.

In the visual acuity test result tables 332A to Q, the value of the item "the distinguished long ring" is information indicating the coordinates of the region of the long ring in which the notch is distinguished by the examinee Q in the visual acuity test image T.

The value of the item "discriminated long-range optotype" is information indicating the coordinates of the long-range area in which the notch is discriminated by the examinee Q in the image for visual acuity test T. The value of the item "no clear long ring" is information indicating the coordinates of a region of the long ring in which no notch is determined by the examinee Q in the image for visual acuity test T. Here, the coordinates refer to coordinates of the center point of the long ring.

As can be seen from the example of fig. 30, the examinee Q discriminates their gaps among the long rings including the center point in the range from the coordinates (x3, y3) to the coordinates (x4, y 4). Similarly, as can be seen from the example of fig. 30, in the case of the long rings including the center point in the range from the coordinates (x1, y1) to the coordinates (x2, y2), the examinee Q does not recognize their gaps.

In the present embodiment, "discrimination of a notch in long-range rings" includes both a case where the direction of the notch is accurately discriminated after long-range rings are visually recognized and a case where the direction of the notch is not accurately discriminated although long-range rings can be visually recognized.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the visual field inspection image G divided into a plurality of regions is directly projected to a predetermined position on the retina by maxwell observation, each region of the visual field inspection image G corresponds to a position on the retina, and therefore, visual field inspection at each position on the retina can be performed as long as inspection that can be seen or that cannot be seen is performed for each region.

In addition, according to the present embodiment, the vision test image T including the optotype image for vision test is directly projected to a predetermined position of the retina by maxwell observation. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the vision of the retina itself can be measured. In addition, in the present embodiment, the distribution of visual acuity on the retina can be measured.

(second embodiment)

Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that image data based on inspection result data of a visual field inspection is generated, and thus even a subject with a missing visual field can visually recognize an image and/or characters. In the following description of the second embodiment, only the portions different from the first embodiment will be described, and the portions having the same functional configurations as those of the first embodiment will be given the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Fig. 31 is a system configuration explanatory diagram of the visual field vision testing system of the second embodiment.

The visual field visual acuity test system 100A of the present embodiment includes a visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 and a terminal apparatus 300A.

The visual field visual acuity test apparatus 200 of the present embodiment also functions as an image projection apparatus capable of projecting not only the test image data but also various image data transmitted from the terminal apparatus 300A onto the retina of the subject.

The terminal device 300A of the present embodiment includes an inspection processing unit 310, an image output processing unit 320, an inspection result storage unit 330, and an image generation processing unit 340.

The image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment may generate image data so that information to be projected may be projected in the visual field of the subject with reference to the examination result stored in the examination result storage unit 330.

Next, the image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 32. Fig. 32 is a functional explanatory diagram of the image generation processing unit according to the second embodiment.

The image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment includes a projection request receiving unit 341, a projection target obtaining unit 342, an inspection result obtaining unit 343, and an image data generating unit 344.

The projection request receiving unit 341 can receive a projection request for projection information input to the display operation device 301 or the like.

The projection object obtaining unit 342 can obtain projection information. Here, the projection information is source information of an image projected on the retina of the user P by the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus 200, and may be, for example, content data stored in the auxiliary storage apparatus 33 of the terminal apparatus 300A or the like. The projection information may be content data obtained by the terminal 300A from an external server, storage device, or the like. In addition, the projection information may be text data, image data including animation, or the like.

The inspection result obtaining unit 343 can obtain the latest (latest) visual field inspection result information for both the inspection day and the input time from the visual field inspection result table 331 of the inspection result storage unit 330.

The image data generating unit 344 may generate image data for displaying the projection information on the image in the region indicated by the value of the item "read number" based on the visual field inspection result information, and may transmit the generated image data to the image output processing unit 320.

Next, the processing of the image generation processing unit 340 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 33. Fig. 33 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the image generation processing unit according to the second embodiment.

The image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment determines whether or not the projection request receiving unit 341 has received a projection request of projection information after the projection information is selected (step S3301). If it is determined in step S3301 that the projection request has not been accepted, the image generation processing unit 340 waits until the projection request is accepted.

When it is determined in step S3301 that the projection request is accepted, the image generation processing unit 340 obtains the selected projection information by the projection object obtaining unit 342 (step S3302).

Then, the image generation processing unit 340 obtains the visual field inspection result information of the subject who has made the projection request from the visual field inspection result table 331 of the inspection result storage unit 330 via the inspection result obtaining unit 343 (step S3304).

Next, the image generation processing unit 340 generates image data to be sent to the image output processing unit 320 from the projection information and the visual field inspection result information by the image data generation unit 344 (step S3305). Specifically, the image data generating unit 344 generates image data for drawing the projection information only in the region where the item "read number" is drawn, based on the visual field inspection result information.

Then, the image data generation unit 344 transfers the generated image data to the image output processing unit 320, and ends the processing.

Next, the image data generated by the image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 34.

Fig. 34 is a schematic diagram of an example of image data generated by the image generation processing unit. An image 201-P in fig. 34 shows an example of an image represented by image data generated based on the inspection result information of the subject P. Further, images 201 to Q of fig. 34 show an example of an image represented by image data generated based on the inspection result information of the examinee Q.

The latest inspection result information in the visual field inspection result table 331-P is inspection result information inputted at 18:00 (input time) of 2016/4/13 (inspection date) (see fig. 23).

Therefore, the image generation processing unit 340 can obtain the visual field inspection result information inputted at 18:00 of 2016/4/13 from the visual field inspection result table 331-P.

The items "read numbers" contained in the visual field inspection result information have values of 3 to 8, 12 to 19, 22 to 29, 31 to 89, and 91 to 98.

Therefore, the image generation processing section 340 can generate image data of the image 201-P for displaying the projection information only in the region identified by these numbers.

In the image 201-P, the projection information may be displayed in, for example, the regions corresponding to the identifiers 12-19, the regions corresponding to the identifiers 22-29, and the regions corresponding to the identifiers 31-89. In other words, in the image 201-P, the projection information can be displayed only in the region 202 that is the visual field of the subject P. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the projection information of the subject P having made the projection request can be projected on the retina of the subject P so as to enter the visual field of the subject P.

The latest inspection result information in the inspection result storage unit 330-Q is the inspection result information inputted at 18:00 of 2016/4/13 (see fig. 26).

Therefore, the image generation processing unit 340 can obtain the inspection result information inputted at 18:00 of 2016/4/13 from the inspection result holding unit 330-Q.

The values of items "read numbers" contained in the inspection result information are 5-10, 14-20, 24-30, 35-40, 44-50, and 55-60.

Therefore, the image generation processing section 340 can generate image data of the image 201-Q for displaying the projection information only in the region identified by these numbers.

In the image 201-Q, the projection information may be displayed in the areas corresponding to the identifiers 5-10, 14-20, 24-30, 35-40, 44-50, and 55-60, for example. In other words, in the image 201-Q, the projection information can be displayed only in the region 203 that is the visual field of the examinee Q. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the projection information of the subject Q having made the projection request can be projected on the retina of the subject Q so as to enter the visual field of the subject Q.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, by using the result of the visual field inspection, the image can be projected only in the visual field of the subject.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the projection information can be projected on the retina of the user, and the projection information is not lost due to lack of the visual field.

For example, in the present embodiment, when a person with a limited field of view searches for terms using an electronic dictionary, or the like, it is possible to extract only an image showing a part such as the meaning of a term from an image showing the search result of the searched term, and to display the extracted image in the field of view, whereby even a person with a limited field of view can use a general electronic dictionary without hindrance.

From the clinical results, even in the case of a person with a limited visual field, if the person is japanese, the person can "read" by allowing 5 or more characters to enter the visual field. As used herein, "reading" means that the eyes view the text one by one to understand the meaning (NAOYUKI OSAKA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan and KOICHI ODA, National Institute of Special expression, Yokosuka, Japan, Effective visual field size processing for converting into continuous reading Japanese text processing, Bulletin of the psychological Society 1991, 29(4), 345-.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, even a person who has a large missing part of the visual field and is difficult to read, for example, can read a document by projecting 5 or more characters in the visual field.

The image data generated by the image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment may include moving image data. For example, when contents of an electronic book are projected in the visual field of the subject, animation data may be projected so that text data flows in the visual field of the subject.

In addition, the image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment may match the size of the characters to be projected with the size of the bright circles, when the information on the result of the visual acuity test of the user of the visual acuity test apparatus 200 is referred to and the value of the item "the determined bright circles" includes a value indicating a plurality of bright circles.

In this way, text of a size that matches the vision of the retina itself can be projected within the field of view.

In the image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment, the image data generation unit 344 generates image data of an image for projecting information only in the visual field of the subject, but the present invention is not limited to this.

The image generation processing unit 340 may transmit information indicating the visual field of the subject and image data for projecting only the projection information to the visual field visual acuity test apparatus (image projection apparatus) 200 via the image output processing unit 320, for example. The information indicating the visual field of the subject may be, for example, coordinate information of a region having a value of "read number" as an identifier, which is an item included in the inspection result information.

The visual field visual acuity test apparatus (image projection apparatus) 200 receives input of information indicating the visual field of the subject and image data for projecting only the projection information, and controls the vibration of the scanning mirror 212 by the control unit 230, thereby projecting only the projection information in the visual field of the subject.

(third embodiment)

Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the function of the terminal device of the second embodiment is provided in a server outside the terminal device. Therefore, in the following description of the third embodiment, the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the second embodiment are given to the portions having the same functional configurations as those of the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

Fig. 35 is a system configuration explanatory diagram of the visual field vision testing system of the third embodiment.

The visual field visual acuity test system 100B of the present embodiment includes a visual field visual acuity test apparatus (image projection apparatus) 200, a terminal apparatus 300B, and a server 400. Although only 1 visual field test apparatus (image projection apparatus) 200 and terminal apparatus 300B are shown in the example of fig. 21, the visual field test system 100B may have any number of visual field test apparatuses (image projection apparatuses) 200 and terminal apparatuses 300B.

The terminal device 300B of the present embodiment can receive image data from the server 400 and can transmit the received image data to the visual field acuity testing apparatus (image projection apparatus) 200. Further, the terminal device 300B of the present embodiment may display a screen instructed by the server 400, and may transmit information input from the screen to the server 400.

The server 400 of the present embodiment can be connected to the terminal device 300B via a network. The server 400 includes an inspection result database 330A, an inspection processing unit 310A, an image output processing unit 320, and an image generation processing unit 340.

The examination result database 330A of the present embodiment stores visual field examination result information and visual acuity examination result information input from the terminal device 300B in association with the subject ID and information indicating the date and time of input of the examination result information. Specifically, for example, when there are a plurality of terminal apparatuses 300B, the visual field test result information and the visual acuity test result information input from the plurality of terminal apparatuses 300B may be stored for each subject ID in the test result database 330A.

The inspection processing unit 310A of the present embodiment can display an input screen including an inspection result of the inspection image data on the terminal device 300B by the display control unit 312. The input receiving unit 313 of the inspection processing unit 310A of the present embodiment can receive (receive) information input from the terminal device 300B on the input screen.

The image generation processing unit 340 of the present embodiment can output the inspection image data and/or the image data generated by the image generation processing unit 340 to the terminal device 300B. The terminal device 300B can transmit the image data for examination and/or the image data generated by the image generation processing unit 340 to the visual field visual acuity testing device 200.

In this embodiment, since the server 400 is provided with the inspection processing unit 310A and the image generation processing unit 340, the processing load of the terminal device 300B can be reduced.

(fourth embodiment)

Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The fourth embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the server can distribute (delivery) an application (application) including the visual field inspection processing unit, the image generation processing unit, and the image output processing unit to the terminal device. Therefore, in the following description of the fourth embodiment, the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the second embodiment are given to the portions having the same functional configurations as those of the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

Fig. 36 is a system configuration explanatory diagram of the visual field vision testing system of the fourth embodiment.

The visual field visual acuity test system 100C of the present embodiment includes a visual field visual acuity test apparatus (image projection apparatus) 200, a terminal apparatus 300B, and a server 400A.

The server 400A of the present embodiment includes an application (application) delivery unit 410. The server 400A also includes an application (application)420 that can realize the functions of the inspection processing unit 310, the image output processing unit 320, and the image generation processing unit 340.

In the server 400A according to the present embodiment, the application (application) delivery unit 410 can deliver the application (application)420 to the terminal device 300C that has made the delivery request, when receiving the delivery request of the application (application)420 from the terminal device 300C.

The terminal device 300C to which the application (application)420 is issued (received) may be the terminal device 300A having the inspection processing unit 310, the image output processing unit 320, and the image generation processing unit 340. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the terminal device 300C having received the application (application) can perform the visual field test only by the terminal device 300C as in the second embodiment, and can supply the image data generated based on the test result to the visual field and eyesight test device 200.

The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the features shown in the above embodiments. These features may be changed within a range not to impair the gist of the present invention, and may be appropriately determined based on the application form thereof.

In addition, the international application claims the priority of 2016-.

[ description of symbols ]

100. 100A, 100B visual field vision inspection system

200 visual field eyesight inspection device

300. 300A, 300B, 300C, 300D terminal device

310 inspection processing unit

311 image data holding unit

312 display control part

314 inspection result storage control unit

320 image output processing unit

330 inspection result storage unit

331 visual field inspection results table

332 table of vision examination results

330A inspection result database

340 image generation processing unit

342 projection object obtaining unit

343 inspection result obtaining section

344 image data generating part

400 server

The 410 application (application) issuing section.

Claims

1. A visual field vision inspection system having a retina projection type head-mounted display and a terminal device communicating with the retina projection type head-mounted display,

the terminal device includes:

an image data holding unit that holds inspection image data including visual field inspection image data and visual acuity inspection image data divided into a plurality of regions each including an identifier;

an inspection result storage unit for storing inspection result information;

an image generation processing unit that generates projection information image data for projecting the region visually recognized by the identifier onto the retina of the subject, based on the inspection result information stored in the inspection result storage unit;

an image output processing unit that outputs the inspection image data or the projection information image data to the retina projection type head mounted display;

a display unit for displaying an image; and

a display control unit for generating an inspection image based on the inspection image data and displaying the inspection image on the display unit,

the retina projection type head-mounted display comprises:

a light source unit for emitting light;

an image input unit that inputs image data for inspection from the terminal device;

a control unit that performs emission control of the image light beam based on the input inspection image data or the input projection information image data;

the scanning mirror is used for scanning the image by using light rays; and

and a projection unit that projects the image light onto a retina of an eyeball of the subject.

2. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 1,

the terminal device includes:

an image data selection unit for selecting either one of the visual field test image data and the visual acuity test image data according to the selected type of test,

wherein the image output processing unit outputs the visual field test image data or the visual acuity test image data selected by the image data selecting unit to the retina projection type head mounted display.

3. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 2,

the selected region is a region in the image for visual field inspection where the identifier is visually recognized by the subject or a region where the identifier is not visually recognized by the subject.

4. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 3,

the display control part controls

The image for visual field inspection; and

prompt information for prompting selection of a region of the visual field inspection image in which the identifier is visually recognized by the subject

And displaying.

5. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 4,

the identifier is an arabic number,

the inspection image is an image in which the arabic numerals are depicted in the plurality of regions.

6. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 5,

the terminal device includes:

an inspection result storage unit for storing the inspection result,

wherein the information for specifying the image of the selected optotype in the vision examination image represented by the vision examination image data displayed on the display unit is stored in the examination result storage unit as vision examination result information.

7. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 6,

the sighting target is a longer circle, and the information used for determining the image of the sighting target is the coordinate of the central point of the longer circle.

8. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 6,

the image output processing unit outputs the plurality of pieces of vision inspection image data having different sizes of the optotype image to the retina projection type head-mounted display.

9. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 6,

the size of the image of the text included in the image data of the image projected onto the retina of the subject is determined based on the visual acuity test result information stored in the test result storage unit.

10. A retinal projection head mounted display having:

a light source unit for emitting light;

an image input unit that inputs inspection image data or projection information image data;

the scanning mirror is used for scanning the image by using light rays; and

a projection unit for projecting the image light onto a retina of an eyeball of a subject,

the inspection image data includes visual field inspection image data and visual acuity inspection image data distinguished into a plurality of regions each including an identifier,

the projection information image data for projecting the area visually recognized by the identifier onto the retina of the subject is generated based on the saved inspection result information.

11. A visual field visual acuity test method of a visual field visual acuity test system having a retina projection type head mounted display and a terminal device communicating with the retina projection type head mounted display, comprising:

a step in which the terminal device holds, in an image data holding unit, inspection image data including visual field inspection image data and visual acuity inspection image data divided into a plurality of regions each including an identifier;

a step in which the terminal device saves the inspection result information;

a step in which the terminal device generates projection information image data for projecting an area visually recognized by the identifier onto the retina of the subject, based on the inspection result information;

a step in which the terminal device outputs the inspection image data or the projection information image data to the retinal projection head mounted display; and

a step in which the terminal device generates an inspection image based on the inspection image data and displays the inspection image on a display unit for displaying an image,

further comprising:

a step in which the retinal projection type head mounted display inputs inspection image data from the terminal device;

a step in which the retina projection type head mounted display performs emission control of image light based on the input inspection image data or the projection information image data;

a step in which the retina projection type head-mounted display scans the image with light; and

a step in which the retina projection type head-mounted display projects the image onto the retina of the eyeball of the subject with light.

12. A storage medium storing a visual field vision examination program executed by a computer, the program causing the computer to execute:

a step of holding visual field inspection image data and visual acuity inspection image data divided into a plurality of regions each including an identifier;

a step of receiving a selection of a kind of examination;

outputting any one of the visual field test image data and the visual acuity test image data to a retina projection type head-mounted display according to the selection;

displaying, on a display unit of the computer, a visual field test image generated based on the visual field test image data or a visual acuity test image generated based on the visual acuity test image data;

a step of storing the image for visual field examination displayed on the display unit or examination result information based on the image for visual field examination in an examination result storage unit;

generating projection information image data for projecting an area visually recognized by the identifier onto a retina of the subject based on the inspection result information;

outputting the projection information image data to the retina projection type head-mounted display; and

a step of projecting an image based on the projection information image data onto the retina of the subject with light.

13. A server device has:

an image data holding unit for holding image data for inspection;

an image output processing unit that outputs the inspection image data to a terminal device;

a display control unit that generates an inspection image based on the inspection image data and displays the inspection image on a display unit of the terminal device;

an inspection result storage unit that stores inspection result information based on the inspection image displayed on the display unit of the terminal device; and

an image generation processing unit for generating projection information image data to be projected onto a retina of a subject,

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the inspection image data includes:

image data for visual field inspection divided into a plurality of regions each including an identifier; and

image data for a visual acuity test is displayed on a display unit,

the projection information image data is:

data of an area projected onto a retina onto which the identifier visually recognizable by the examinee is projected based on the examination result information obtained by the projection of the examination image data,

the terminal device is a terminal device that outputs the image data for examination or the projection information image data to a retina projection type head mounted display for projecting the image data for examination onto a retina of an eyeball of the subject.

14. The visual field vision inspection system of claim 1,

the image data for visual acuity test includes an image of a visual target.

15. A visual field visual acuity test system having a visual field visual acuity test apparatus and a terminal apparatus communicating with the visual field visual acuity test apparatus,

the terminal device includes:

an inspection result storage unit for storing inspection result information;

an image output processing unit that outputs the inspection image data or the projection information image data to the visual field visual acuity testing apparatus;

a display unit for displaying an image; and

the visual field eyesight inspection device comprises:

a light source unit for emitting light;

the scanning mirror is used for scanning the image by using light rays; and

16. A visual field vision inspection device comprises:

a light source unit for emitting light;

the scanning mirror is used for scanning the image by using light rays; and