CN109307890A - Reverse-time migration method and system based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition - Google Patents
Reverse-time migration method and system based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of reverse-time migration method and system based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, this method comprises: the parsing wave field of building focus and earthquake record；The forward direction and backward extension of wave field are carried out to parsing wave field；Hilbert transform is carried out to each wave field for propagating the moment along depth direction in imaging grid, obtains transformed transformation wave field；Traveling-wave field up and down is solved by original wave field and the transformation wave field；The wave field of selection specific direction is imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition.Reverse-time migration method based on uplink and downlink Wave Decomposition can effectively suppress the low frequency noise in reverse-time migration, improve imaging section precision；There is preferable wavelet to protect width simultaneously, this also provides technology for the processing of subsequent fidelity and guarantees.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic data pre-stack depth migration imaging technical fields, more particularly to based on upper and lower traveling-wave field point
The reverse-time migration method and system of solution.
Background technique
With the exploration and development of complex area, correctly construction understanding and favorable oil/gas trap are obtained to prestack migration image
Required precision it is higher and higher.Pre-stack depth migration algorithm is broadly divided into based on two class of ray theory and wave equation at present,
Kirchhoff offset and one-way wave offset are exactly the representative of two class methods, have many advantages, such as that calculating is stable, computational efficiency is high, but
It is that there is the deficiencies on algorithm when in face of complicated geological structure, such as the problems such as multipath, inclination angle limitation.
Reverse-time migration is realized forward and reverse propagation of wave field, can accurately be described all kinds of by solving round trip wave equation
The propagation of seismic wave, and do not limited by inclination angle, it is current most accurate seismic imaging method.Since reverse-time migration is mutual in application
Dependent imaging condition does not account for the directionality of wave field when being imaged, will cause and generate lower wave number high amplitude in imaging results
Noise and offset illusion are deviated, the imaging precision of migrated section is reduced.
In actual industrial production, main solution is to carry out Laplce's filtering in poststack, but Laplce's filtering is only
The offset noise that lower wave number, high amplitude can be suppressed cannot effectively eliminate image artifacts, while can change the amplitude and frequency of imaging
Rate phase information does not have and protects width, is unfavorable for latter earthquake and explains work.
Summary of the invention
It is low for being generated in the cross-correlation image-forming condition of all-wave field when complicated structure work area carries out pre-Stack Reverse imaging
The offset noise and relevant offset artefact problems of wave number, high amplitude, invention describes one kind based on traveling wave above and below inspection point
The reverse-time migration algorithm that field is decomposed carries out cross-correlation imaging using specific direction wave field, is protecting by constructing new image-forming condition
It can effectively solve low frequency noise and offset artefact problems while demonstrate,proving imaging precision, improve image quality, for pushing high-precision
Seismic imaging is of great significance.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of reverse-time migration method based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, this method are provided
Include:
Construct the parsing wave field of focus and earthquake record；
The forward direction and backward extension of wave field are carried out to parsing wave field；
Hilbert transform is carried out to each wave field for propagating the moment along depth direction in imaging grid, is obtained transformed
Convert wave field；
Traveling-wave field up and down is solved by original wave field and the transformation wave field；
The wave field of selection specific direction is imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition.
Further, by focus and the original wave field of earthquake record and its Hilbert transform as a result, building parsing wave field:
In formula, whereinTo parse wave field, u is original wave field, uhFor the Hilbert transform result of u.
Further, the forward direction and reversed wave field extrapolation to parsing wave field are realized based on following Wave Equations:
In formula,For focus or earthquake record,For the Hilbert transform of focus or earthquake record,For wave field original in communication process and its Hilbert transform wave field,For seimic wave velocity.
Further, the forward direction and backward extension that wave field is carried out to parsing wave field obtain each original wave for propagating the moment
With along time orientation finish Hilbert transform after transformation wave field.
Further, each moment propagated in wave field, along imaging trellis depth direction to uhCarry out the Martin Hilb in the direction z
Spy's transformation, obtaining each propagation moment finishes the transformation wave field after time and depth Hilbert transform:
In formula, uhFor u Hilbert transform as a result, HtHz(u (x, t)) is the Martin Hilb of time orientation and depth direction
Spy's transformation wave field.
Further, traveling-wave field up and down, expression formula are solved by original wave field and transformation wave field are as follows:
udown(x, t)=[u (x, t)+HtHz(u(x,t))]/2
uup(x, t)=[u (x, t)-HtHz(u(x,t))]/2
In formula, HtWith HzThe Hilbert transform being illustrated respectively on time orientation and depth direction, u (x, t) are original biography
Broadcast wave field, udown(x,t)、uup(x, t) is down-going wave fields and upstream wave field.
Further, based on the relational expression between upper and lower traveling-wave field and original wave field and transformation wave field, shot point and inspection are completed
The uplink and downlink wave field separation of wave point.
Further, cross-correlation imaging, image-forming condition are carried out using the opposite wave field in the direction of propagation are as follows:
In formula, Su(t,m)、Sd(t, m) is focus uplink and down-going wave fields；Ru(t,m)、Rd(t, m) be detection end uplink with
Down-going wave fields.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of reverse-time migration system based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, the system are provided
Include:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Construct the parsing wave field of focus and earthquake record；
The forward direction and backward extension of wave field are carried out to parsing wave field；
Hilbert transform is carried out to each wave field for propagating the moment along depth direction in imaging grid, is obtained transformed
Convert wave field；
Traveling-wave field up and down is solved by original wave field and the transformation wave field；
The wave field of selection specific direction is imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition.
Further, uplink and downlink wavelength-division is carried out from rear to shot point wave field and geophone station wave field, it is only opposite to the direction of propagation
Wave field carries out dependent imaging.
The wavefield decomposition reverse-time migration of theoretical model the result shows that: the reverse-time migration method based on uplink and downlink Wave Decomposition can have
Low frequency noise in effect compacting reverse-time migration, improves imaging section precision；There is preferable wavelet to protect width simultaneously, after this is also
The true processing of continuation of insurance provides technology guarantee.
Detailed description of the invention
Disclosure illustrative embodiments are described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the disclosure above-mentioned and its
Its purpose, feature and advantage will be apparent, wherein in disclosure illustrative embodiments, identical reference label
Typically represent same parts.
Fig. 1 shows the process flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows single-channel pulse routine reverse-time migration results.
Fig. 3 shows the reverse-time migration result that single-channel pulse is obtained with the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows shot point wave field and uplink and downlink decomposes wave field.
Fig. 5 shows Marmousi model routine reverse-time migration result.
Fig. 6 shows the reverse-time migration result that the present invention obtains.
Fig. 7 shows result after Laplce's filtering.
Fig. 8 shows single track comparison, wherein round solid line be conventional reverse-time migration as a result, triangle solid line be the present invention as a result,
Solid line is result after Laplce's filtering.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the disclosure is more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing the disclosure in attached drawing
Preferred embodiment, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without the embodiment party that should be illustrated here
Formula is limited.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be more thorough and complete, and can be by the disclosure
Range is completely communicated to those skilled in the art.
The invention belongs to seismic data pre-stack depth migration imaging technical fields.Since all-wave is being applied in conventional reverse-time migration
Field cross-correlation image-forming condition does not account for the directionality of wave field when being imaged, will cause generation lower wave number, height in imaging results
The offset noise and offset illusion of amplitude, reduce the imaging precision of migrated section.Invention describes one kind based on big gun, examines
The reverse-time migration algorithm of uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition carries out cross-correlation using specific direction wave field by constructing new image-forming condition
Imaging can effectively solve low frequency noise and offset artefact problems while guaranteeing imaging precision, improve imaging section essence
Degree.
In frequency wavenumber domain, upper and lower traveling-wave field can be decomposed well using the symbol of frequency and wave number product,
But it due to the most slow dimension that time dimension is data, needs to carry out again after shot point and all timeslice wave fields of geophone station are deposited
Fourier transformation, therefore the wavefield decomposition of frequency wavenumber domain is huge to the I/O of data and the memory requirement of hard disk, at this stage also
It is not able to satisfy the needs of actual production.Based on the extrapolation of parsing time wave field, this paper presents one kind to show wave field in time-space domain
It carries out the effective ways of uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition with showing, and dependent imaging is carried out to specific direction wave field, can effectively suppress offset
Noise and offset illusion.
The decomposition of traditional wave field can be realized in the domain f-k by Fourier transformation, thereon down-going wave fields by frequency with
The symbol of wave field codetermines, but this method computational efficiency low efficiency and storage is big；Based on Hilbert transform (HT) and Fu
In leaf transformation (FT) and relationship between the two, Shen and Albertin (2015, SEG) derived new uplink and downlink wavelength-division
Solve formula:
udown(x, t)=[u (x, t)+HtHz(u(x,t))]/2
uup(x, t)=[u (x, t)-HtHz(u(x,t))]/2 (1)
Wherein HtWith HzThe Hilbert transform being illustrated respectively on time orientation and depth direction.
In frequency domain HT and FT, there is following relationships:
HT (x (t))=- jgsgnFT (x (t)) (2)
Wherein sign function are as follows:
Wavefield decomposition formula based on formula 1, the relational expression 2 that can use between FT and HT realize uplink and downlink wave decomposition,
But similar with conventional method, computational efficiency is also one of the bottleneck for restricting this method and applying in actual production.
In order to solve the computational efficiency and storage problem of wavefield decomposition, it is necessary to be studied in time-space domain.This method proposes
The definition mode of analogy analytic signal obtains parsing wave field is defined as:
WhereinTo parse wave field；U is original wave field；uhFor the Hilbert transform result of u.
Efficient Solution, expression formula can be carried out in time-domain Hilbert transform are as follows:
The extrapolation of parsing wave field means to need to carry out the wave of two sets of wave fields simultaneously when carrying out reverse-time migration wave field extrapolation
Field continuation.Shot point is similar with geophone station wave field propagation operator, wave equation of the description wave in sound wave Propagation are as follows:
For the Hilbert transform of focus or earthquake record, above-mentioned partial differential equation are solved by finite difference
Group, it can obtain the real part and imaginary part wave field of parsing wave field.
Since wave field propagation operator has linear character, the wave that the propagation that focus does the laggard traveling-wave field of HT is obtained
Field uhIt is equivalent to and the HT of time orientation has been carried out to wave field, due to not needing to store the wave field at each moment, save a large amount of
Memory space.In the wave field u that each propagation moment obtainshIt is the function about spatial position, is then HT along depth direction
It is HT along the imaging direction grid z, this step can efficiently be realized using formula (5).It is propagated based on above-mentioned wave field, in time-space domain
The Hilbert transform wave field i.e. H of wave field time orientation and depth direction is obtainedtHz(u (x, t)), finally by solution formula
(1) the uplink and downlink wave field separation of shot point and geophone station may be implemented.
Deviated in reverse-time migration noise be due to shot point identical with geophone station direction wave field progress dependent imaging generation,
Uplink and downlink wavelength-division is carried out from rear, the only wave field opposite to direction of propagation progress to shot point wave field and geophone station wave field using the present invention
Dependent imaging has effectively suppressed offset noise while guaranteeing imaging precision, compared with poststack Laplce's filtering method, this
Method does not change the phase and amplitude of wavelet, has and preferably protects width.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of reverse-time migration method based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, this method are provided
Include:
Construct the parsing wave field of focus and earthquake record；
The forward direction and backward extension of wave field are carried out to parsing wave field；
Hilbert transform is carried out to each wave field for propagating the moment along depth direction in imaging grid, is obtained transformed
Convert wave field；
Traveling-wave field up and down is solved by original wave field and the transformation wave field；
The wave field of selection specific direction is imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition.
Specifically, by the parsing wave field of building focus and earthquake record, and the forward direction of wave field is carried out to parsing wave field
With backward extension, obtain it is each propagate the moment original wave field with along time orientation finish Hilbert transform after transformation wave
?.Hilbert transform is carried out along wave field of the depth direction to each moment in imaging grid, it is final to obtain each propagation moment
Transformation wave field after finishing time and depth Hilbert transform.Based between upper and lower traveling-wave field and original wave field and transformation wave field
Relational expression (1), complete shot point and geophone station uplink and downlink wave field separation.The wave field of specific direction is finally selected to utilize cross-correlation
Image-forming condition is imaged, and reverse-time migration noise can be effectively suppressed, and improves imaging precision.
Fig. 1 is the realization steps flow chart schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, and specific implementation step includes:
Step 1: by focus and the original wave field of earthquake record and its HT as a result, building parsing wave field:
In formula, whereinTo parse wave field, u is original wave field, uhFor the Hilbert transform result of u.
Step 2: the forward direction and reversed wave field extrapolation to parsing wave field are realized based on following wave equation:
In formula,For focus or earthquake record,For the Hilbert transform of focus or earthquake record,For wave field original in communication process and its Hilbert transform wave field,For seimic wave velocity.
The forward direction and backward extension that wave field is carried out to parsing wave field obtain each original wave field for propagating the moment and along the time
Finish the transformation wave field after Hilbert transform in direction.
Step 3: at each moment that wave field is propagated, along imaging trellis depth direction to uhCarry out the Hilbert in the direction z
Transformation, obtaining each propagation moment finishes the transformation wave field after time and depth Hilbert transform:
In formula, uhFor u Hilbert transform as a result, HtHz(u (x, t)) is the Martin Hilb of time orientation and depth direction
Spy's transformation wave field.
Step 4: traveling-wave field up and down, expression formula are solved by original wave field and transformation wave field are as follows:
udown(x, t)=[u (x, t)+HtHz(u(x,t))]/2
uup(x, t)=[u (x, t)-HtHz(u(x,t))]/2
In formula, HtWith HzThe Hilbert transform being illustrated respectively on time orientation and depth direction, u (x, t) are original biography
Broadcast wave field, udown(x,t)、uup(x, t) is down-going wave fields and upstream wave field.
Based on the relational expression between upper and lower traveling-wave field and original wave field and transformation wave field, complete shot point and geophone station up and down
Traveling-wave field separation.
Step 5: cross-correlation imaging, image-forming condition are carried out using the opposite wave field in the direction of propagation are as follows:
In formula, Su(t,m)、Sd(t, m) is focus uplink and down-going wave fields；Ru(t,m)、Rd(t, m) be detection end uplink with
Down-going wave fields.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of reverse-time migration system based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, the system are provided
Include:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Construct the parsing wave field of focus and earthquake record；
The forward direction and backward extension of wave field are carried out to parsing wave field；
Hilbert transform is carried out to each wave field for propagating the moment along depth direction in imaging grid, is obtained transformed
Convert wave field；
Traveling-wave field up and down is solved by original wave field and the transformation wave field；
The wave field of selection specific direction is imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition.
Further, uplink and downlink wavelength-division is carried out from rear to shot point wave field and geophone station wave field, it is only opposite to the direction of propagation
Wave field carries out dependent imaging.
A concrete application example is given below in the scheme and its effect of the embodiment of the present invention for ease of understanding.This field
It should be understood to the one skilled in the art that the example is only for the purposes of understanding the present invention, any detail is not intended to be limited in any way
The system present invention.
By single-channel pulse signal and Marmousi theoretical model, handled with the reverse-time migration of uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition,
Demonstrating this method has good pressing result to offset noise present in conventional cross-correlation reverse-time migration and illusion, improves
The imaging precision of reverse-time migration relative to poststack Laplce filtering processing there is better wavelet to protect width.
Fig. 2 is pulse routine cross-correlation reverse-time migration result, it can be seen that since shot point and geophone station include uplink simultaneously
Wave and down going wave, when being imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition, the opposite wave energy in the inspection point direction of propagation is effectively imaged, and passes
The low frequency noise that the identical wave field in direction then forms high amplitude is broadcast, shows as propagating in the strength of road in the reverse-time migration result of pulse
" rabbit ear ", disturb imaging results.
Fig. 3 is the present invention is based on the reverse-time migration after uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition as a result, wherein the low frequency on wave field path is made an uproar
Sound has obtained good compacting；Fig. 4 is for the original shot point wave field at a certain moment during pulse reverse-time migration and with this hair
Bright obtained traveling-wave field up and down, down-going wave fields are decomposed well thereon, demonstrate the correctness and validity of this method.
Fig. 5 is for the routine cross-correlation reverse-time migration of Marmousi model as a result, migration result especially shallow-layer is by low-frequency disturbance
Seriously, this matches with low frequency noise generation mechanism in reverse-time migration.Fig. 6 is with the reverse-time migration after the present invention as a result, low
Wave number, high amplitude offset noise suppressed, improve imaging section resolution ratio.Fig. 7 is the conventional reverse-time migration that Fig. 5 is obtained
As a result it is filtered as a result, due to including amplitude and phase information, filter in Laplace operator to carry out poststack Laplce
The amplitude of imaging section and phase can all be had an impact after wave.
Fig. 8 is the single track comparing result of some cdp in Fig. 5-7, wherein round solid line is conventional reverse-time migration as a result, triangle
Solid line is the migration result that the present invention obtains, and solid line is that Laplce filters post-processing as a result, comparison is it is found that this method obtained
Migration result and conventional cross-correlation imaging results have good amplitude uniformity, and poststack Laplce's processing result amplitude becomes
Change larger.
The wavefield decomposition reverse-time migration of theoretical model the result shows that: the reverse-time migration method based on uplink and downlink Wave Decomposition can have
Low frequency noise in effect compacting reverse-time migration, improves imaging section precision；There is preferable wavelet to protect width simultaneously, after this is also
The true processing of continuation of insurance provides technology guarantee.
The presently disclosed embodiments is described above, above description is exemplary, and non-exclusive, and
It is not limited to disclosed each embodiment.Without departing from the scope and spirit of illustrated each embodiment, for this skill
Many modifications and changes are obvious for the those of ordinary skill in art field.The selection of term used herein, purport
In the principle, practical application or technological improvement to the technology in market for best explaining each embodiment, or lead this technology
Other those of ordinary skill in domain can understand each embodiment disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reverse-time migration method based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
Construct the parsing wave field of focus and earthquake record；
The forward direction and backward extension of wave field are carried out to parsing wave field；
Hilbert transform is carried out to each wave field for propagating the moment along depth direction in imaging grid, obtains transformed transformation
Wave field；
Traveling-wave field up and down is solved by original wave field and the transformation wave field；
The wave field of selection specific direction is imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition.
2. the reverse-time migration method according to claim 1 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that by focus with
The original wave field of earthquake record and its Hilbert transform are as a result, building parsing wave field:
In formula, whereinTo parse wave field, u is original wave field, uhFor the Hilbert transform result of u.
3. the reverse-time migration method according to claim 1 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that based on following
Wave Equations realize the forward direction and reversed wave field extrapolation to parsing wave field:
In formula,For focus or earthquake record,For the Hilbert transform of focus or earthquake record,For wave field original in communication process and its Hilbert transform wave field,For seimic wave velocity.
4. the reverse-time migration method according to claim 3 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that parsing wave
Field carries out the forward direction and backward extension of wave field, obtains each original wave field for propagating the moment and finishes Hilbert along time orientation
Transformed transformation wave field.
5. the reverse-time migration method according to claim 1 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that passed in wave field
The each moment broadcast, along imaging trellis depth direction to uhThe Hilbert transform for carrying out the direction z, obtaining each propagation moment does
Transformation wave field after complete time and depth Hilbert transform:
In formula, uhFor u Hilbert transform as a result, HtHz(u (x, t)) is the Hilbert change of time orientation and depth direction
Change wave field.
6. the reverse-time migration method according to claim 1 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that by original wave
Field solves traveling-wave field up and down, expression formula with transformation wave field are as follows:
udown(x, t)=[u (x, t)+HtHz(u(x,t))]/2
uup(x, t)=[u (x, t)-HtHz(u(x,t))]/2
In formula, HtWith HzThe Hilbert transform being illustrated respectively on time orientation and depth direction, u (x, t) are raw propagation wave
, udown(x,t)、uup(x, t) is down-going wave fields and upstream wave field.
7. the reverse-time migration method according to claim 6 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that based on up and down
Relational expression between traveling-wave field and original wave field and transformation wave field, completes the uplink and downlink wave field separation of shot point and geophone station.
8. the reverse-time migration method according to claim 1 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that utilize propagation
Contrary wave field carries out cross-correlation imaging, image-forming condition are as follows:
In formula, Su(t,m)、Sd(t, m) is focus uplink and down-going wave fields；Ru(t,m)、Rd(t, m) is detection end uplink and downlink
Wave field.
9. a kind of reverse-time migration system based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that the system includes:
Memory is stored with computer executable instructions；
Processor, the processor run the computer executable instructions in the memory, execute following steps:
Construct the parsing wave field of focus and earthquake record；
The forward direction and backward extension of wave field are carried out to parsing wave field；
Hilbert transform is carried out to each wave field for propagating the moment along depth direction in imaging grid, obtains transformed transformation
Wave field；
Traveling-wave field up and down is solved by original wave field and the transformation wave field；
The wave field of selection specific direction is imaged using cross-correlation image-forming condition.
10. the reverse-time migration system according to claim 9 based on uplink and downlink wavefield decomposition, which is characterized in that shot point
Wave field carries out uplink and downlink wavelength-division from rear a, wave field opposite to direction of propagation progress dependent imaging with geophone station wave field.
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| CN112444863A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Viscoacoustic medium wave field continuation and wave field decomposition method, storage medium and computing device |
| US11681043B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 | 2023-06-20 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Diffraction imaging using pseudo dip-angle gather |
| CN112578455A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Multidirectional decomposition method and system for space wave number mixed domain seismic wave field |
| US11313988B2 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2022-04-26 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Identifying geologic features in a subterranean formation using seismic diffraction imaging |
| US11402529B2 (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2022-08-02 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Identifying geologic features in a subterranean formation using seismic diffraction and refraction imaging |
| WO2021141903A1 (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-07-15 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Identifying geologic features in a subterranean formation using seismic diffraction and refraction imaging |
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| CN115755175A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-07 | 成都理工大学 | Hilbert transform-based composite wave field elastic wave reverse time migration imaging method |
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