CN110398776B - Wave field separation method based on right-hand rule - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wave field separation method based on a right-hand rule, which comprises the following steps: s1, exciting a seismic source on the ground or in a well, and receiving by a plurality of underground detectors to obtain three-component VSP seismic data, wherein the three-component VSP seismic data comprise vertical Z-component seismic data, horizontal X-component seismic data and horizontal Y-component seismic data; s2, determining sign functions on three components, namely a vertical Z component, a horizontal X component and a horizontal Y component; s3, acquiring new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ': and S4, carrying out vector rotation and standard wave field separation on the three-component VSP data by using the obtained new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ' to obtain an uplink P wave and an uplink PSV wave. According to the method, the down direct wave amplitude attribute of the three-component VSP seismic data in the well is utilized, vector rotation and standard wave field separation are carried out on the three-component VSP data to obtain the up P waves and the up PSV waves, the calculation efficiency is high, the result has good stability and high precision, and the separated wave field has the characteristics of completeness, continuity and high signal-to-noise ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seismic exploration data processing technology, in particular to a wave field separation method based on a right-hand rule.
Background
The three-component VSP data acquisition is excited on the ground or in a well, a multi-stage three-component (generally a vertical Z component, a horizontal X component and a Y component) detector is connected with a cable to receive the three-component VSP data, and both longitudinal waves and transverse waves have vector projections on the three components. When the same shot (or different shots) is excited, the azimuth angles of the horizontal X component and the horizontal Y component of the detectors at different depths are unknown.
When three-component VSP data are processed, wave fields from the same target layer in a three-component detector are subjected to vector synthesis to obtain two scalar wave fields, and then the scalar wave fields are respectively subjected to scalar wave field separation to obtain uplink P waves and uplink PSV waves. Therefore, the X component and the Y component of each stage of detector need to be polarized and rotated (or azimuth corrected) to obtain the projection H of the downward direct wave in the horizontal direction and the direction V perpendicular to the projection H; then, the Z component and the H component of each stage of detector need to be rotated through a vector in the vertical direction, so that the direction P of the downlink direct wave and the direction R vertical to the direction P are obtained; at the moment, the P component mainly comprises a downlink P wave and an uplink PSV wave, the R component mainly comprises an uplink P wave and a downlink PSV wave, and the V component mainly comprises a PSH wave; and finally, carrying out standard component wave field separation on the P component and the R component to obtain an uplink P wave and an uplink PSV wave.
The existing three-component VSP wave field separation method is mainly a quadratic rotation method, but because the method is not based on the principle that the polarities of first-arrival downward direct waves on three components are consistent in the horizontal direction and a calculation time window contains an upward wave, the azimuth angle and the vertical polarization angle of the obtained detector are inaccurate, so that the processing and interpretation effects of later-period seismic data are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a wave field separation method based on a right-hand rule, which utilizes the amplitude attribute of a downlink direct wave of three-component VSP seismic data in a well to carry out vector rotation and standard wave field separation on the three-component VSP data to obtain an uplink P wave and an uplink PSV wave, and has the characteristics of high calculation efficiency, good stability and high precision as a result, and the separated wave field is complete, continuous and high in signal-to-noise ratio.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a right-hand rule based wavefield separation method, comprising the steps of:
s1, exciting a seismic source on the ground or in a well, and receiving by a plurality of underground detectors to obtain three-component VSP seismic data, wherein the three-component VSP seismic data comprise vertical Z-component seismic data, horizontal X-component seismic data and horizontal Y-component seismic data;
s2, determining sign functions on three components, namely a vertical Z component, a horizontal X component and a horizontal Y component;
s3, acquiring new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ':
utilizing sign functions SZ, SX and SY of Z, X and Y components, and adjusting the polarity of the detector and correspondingly exchanging signals according to the principle that the three components of the detector meet the right-hand rule and the principle that the polarities of the downlink direct wave on the three components are the same, thereby obtaining new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ';
and S4, carrying out vector rotation and standard wave field separation on the three-component VSP data by using the obtained new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ' to obtain an uplink P wave and an uplink PSV wave.
The step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s201, picking up the first arrival of each downlink direct wave on the Z component in the three-component VSP record, and setting the corresponding time as time tjJ denotes the number of tracks, and if the seismic source type is a vibroseis, then time tjThe maximum value point of the amplitude of the corresponding downlink direct wave; other types of sources, time tjCorresponding to the take-off point of the downlink direct wave.
S202. on the jth record of the Z component in the three-component VSP record, time tjWithin 50 milliseconds later, the maximum value Z of the absolute value of the amplitude is searchedj,max(ii) a If Z isj,maxGreater than 0, the sign function SZjIs 1; if Z isj,maxIf < 0, the sign function SZjIs-1; and Z isj,maxThe corresponding time is recorded as time t'j；
S203. in three-component VSP recording, with the depth ZjRecord corresponding XjRecord up, find time t'jAmplitude of corresponding seismic signal
If it is not
Then sign function SXjIs 1; if it is not
Then sign function SXjIs-1;
s204. in three-component VSP recording, with the depth ZjRecord the corresponding YjRecord up, find time t'jAmplitude of corresponding seismic signal
If it is not
Then the sign function SYjIs 1; if it is not
Then the sign function SYjIs-1.
The step S3 includes:
s301, according to the principle that the three components of the detector meet the right-hand rule and the polarity of the downlink direct wave on the three components is the same, adjusting the polarity of the detector and correspondingly exchanging signals:
wherein i is the number of time sampling points, i belongs to [0, t ]max]And j is the number of channels.
The step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s401, obtaining three-component down-going wave Z 'by utilizing a standard component wave field separation method of relative protection amplitude in new three-component records Z', X 'and Y'd、X′dAnd Y'd；
S402, descending wave Z 'in the new third sub-component j channel'j,d、X′j,dAnd Y'j,dFrom time tjStarting, selecting a time window backwards, wherein the length of the time window just comprises a complete positive side lobe and a complete negative side lobe, and the length is set as M; three-component recordings outside the time window, i.e. Z'k,j,d、X′k,j,dAnd Y'k,j,d，
All the signals are cleared;
s403. to X'k,j,dAnd Y'k,j,d，k∈[tj,tj+M]Polarization analysis was performed in the horizontal direction to obtain a polarization angle α'jAccording to the principle of the polarization filtering method: to X'i,j,dAnd Y'i,j,d,i∈[0,tmax]Polarization filtering is performed to obtain polarization filtered record H'i,j,dAnd V'i,j,d(ii) a To X'i,j,uAnd Y'i,j,uPolarization filtering is performed to obtain polarization filtered record H'i,j,uAnd V'i,j,u(ii) a After the positioning by the method, the H' component at each depth point is in the connecting line direction of the shot point and the wave detection point and mainly comprises a P wave and a PSV wave; the V 'component at each depth point is mutually vertical to the H' component at each depth point, namely the connecting line of the shot point and the demodulator probe rotates anticlockwise by 90 degrees, and is mainly SH wave;
s404, to Z'k,j,dAnd H'k,j,dPolarization analysis was performed in the vertical direction to obtain a polarization angle β'jAccording to the principle of polarization filtering: to Z'i,j,uAnd H'i,j,uPolarization filtering is carried out to obtain record P after polarization filteringi,j,uAnd Ri,j,u(ii) a P at each depth point after rotation by the methoduThe component is mainly an upgoing PSV wave field; r at each depth pointuComponent, and P at each depth pointuThe components are perpendicular to each other, mainly the up P-wave.
Preferably, the relatively amplitude-preserving scalar wavefield separation method includes, but is not limited to, F-K or median filtering or SVD algorithms.
In step S403, according to the energy rule, the following results are obtained:
wherein k is the number of time sampling points in the time window, and k belongs to [ t ]j,tj+M]；
Rotating the formula according to the coordinates to obtain:
in step S404, according to the energy rule, the following results are obtained:
rotating the formula according to the coordinates to obtain:
the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the down direct wave amplitude attribute of the three-component VSP seismic data in the well is utilized, vector rotation and standard wave field separation are carried out on the three-component VSP data to obtain the up P waves and the up PSV waves, the calculation efficiency is high, the result has good stability and high precision, and the separated wave field has the characteristics of completeness, continuity and high signal-to-noise ratio.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the raw three-component data of a well in an example;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of right-hand polarization rotation in the example;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the calculated polarization angle α' in the example;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the calculated polarization angle β' in the example;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an uplink wave obtained according to the present invention in the example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
In order to obtain the complete uplink P wave and uplink PSV wave as much as possible, the wave energy contained in the three components needs to be vector-synthesized to independent components, and then the component wave field is separated to obtain the uplink wave. Therefore, the X component and the Y component of each stage of detector need to be polarized and rotated (azimuth corrected) to the direction in which the energy of the down-going direct wave is strongest in the horizontal direction (i.e. the horizontal projection direction H) and the direction V perpendicular to the direction; then, the Z component and the H component of each stage of detector need to be rotated to the direction with the strongest downlink direct wave energy (namely the direction P of the downlink direct wave) and the direction R vertical to the direction in the well source plane through polarization rotation in the vertical direction; and finally, carrying out standard component wave field separation on the P component and the R component to obtain an uplink P wave and an uplink PSV wave.
Specifically, the wave field separation of the three-component VSP is realized by mainly utilizing the amplitude attribute of first-arrival down-going waves of three-component seismic data in a well, firstly carrying out polarization rotation on Z, X and Y components to obtain Z ', X ' and Y ' components on the basis of the principle that the polarities of the down-going direct waves on the three components are the same, and thus the calculation of a polarization angle is simplified; then, carrying out standard component wave field separation on the Z ', X ' and Y ' components to obtain corresponding downlink waves, calculating the polarization angle alpha ' by using the downlink first arrival waves of the X ' and Y ' components, further improving the calculation precision of the polarization angle, and carrying out polarization rotation on the upper traveling waves and the lower traveling waves of the X ' and Y ' components by using the alpha ' to obtain the upper traveling waves and the lower traveling waves of the H ' and V ' components; and finally, calculating a polarization angle beta ' by using the downlink first arrival waves of the Z ' and H ' components, and carrying out polarization rotation on the uplink waves of the Z ' and H ' components to obtain uplink P and R components, and further obtain uplink P waves and uplink SV waves:
as shown in fig. 1, a right-hand rule based wavefield separation method includes the steps of:
s1, exciting a seismic source on the ground or in a well, receiving by using underground multi-channel detectors, and obtaining three-component (vertical Z component, horizontal X component and horizontal Y component) VSP seismic data;
FIG. 2 is a view of the original three-component VSP data downhole, where it can be seen that there is a significant discontinuity in the horizontal X-component and Y-component primary wave in-phase axes due to the disparity in azimuth for each detector;
s2, determining sign functions on a vertical Z component, a horizontal X component and a horizontal Y component:
s201, picking up the first arrival of each downlink direct wave on the Z component in the three-component VSP record, and setting the corresponding time as time tjAnd j represents the number of tracks. If the seismic source type is a vibroseis, time tjThe maximum value point of the amplitude of the corresponding downlink direct wave; other types of sources, time tjCorresponding to the take-off point of the downlink direct wave.
S202. on the jth record of the Z component in the three-component VSP record, time tjWithin 50 milliseconds later, the maximum value Z of the absolute value of the amplitude is searchedj,max(ii) a If Z isj,maxGreater than 0, the sign function SZjIs 1; if Z isj,maxIf < 0, the sign function SZjIs-1; and Z isj,maxThe corresponding time is recorded as time t'j；
S203. in three-component VSP recording, with the depth ZjRecord corresponding XjRecord up, find time t'jAmplitude of corresponding seismic signal
If it is not
Then signNumber function SXjIs 1; if it is not
Then sign function SXjIs-1.
S204. in three-component VSP recording, with the depth ZjRecord the corresponding YjRecord up, find time t'jAmplitude of corresponding seismic signal
If it is not
Then the sign function SYjIs 1; if it is not
Then the sign function SYjIs-1.
S3, acquiring new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ':
and adjusting the polarity of the detector and correspondingly exchanging signals by utilizing sign functions SZ, SX and SY of Z, X and Y three components according to the principle that the three components of the detector meet the right-hand rule and the polarity of the downlink direct wave on the three components is the same, thereby obtaining new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y '.
Specifically, the adjustment of the detector polarity and the corresponding exchange of the signals according to the principle that the three components of the detector satisfy the right-hand rule and the polarity of the downlink direct wave on the three components are the same as each other in step S3 can be implemented by the following calculation method:
wherein i is the number of time sampling points, i belongs to [0, t ]max]And j is the number of channels.
FIG. 3 is a recording of FIG. 2 after right-hand polarization rotation with modulated coherence of the horizontal X 'and Y' component first arrival wave in-phase axes.
S4, utilizing the obtained new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ' to carry out vector rotation and standard wave field separation on the three-component VSP data to obtain uplink P waves and uplink PSV waves:
s401, in new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ', obtaining three-component down-going wave Z ' by utilizing F-K or a standard component wave field separation method of various relative protection amplitudes such as median filtering or SVD (singular value decomposition) 'd、X′dAnd Y'd。
S402, descending wave Z 'in the new third sub-component j channel'j,d、X′j,dAnd Y'j,dFrom time tjStarting, selecting a time window backwards, wherein the length of the time window just comprises a complete positive side lobe and a complete negative side lobe, and the length is set as M; three component recording outside of the time window (i.e. Z'k,j,d、X′k,j,dAnd Y'k,j,d，
) All the signals are cleared;
s403. to X'k,j,dAnd Y'k,j,d，(k∈[tj,tj+M]) Polarization analysis was performed in the horizontal direction to obtain a polarization angle α'jAs shown in fig. 4, according to the principle of the polarization filtering method: to X'i,j,dAnd Y'i,j,d(i∈[0,tmax]) Polarization filtering is performed to obtain polarization filtered record H'i,j,dAnd V'i,j,d(ii) a To X'i,j,uAnd Y'i,j,uPolarization filtering is performed to obtain polarization filtered record H'i,j,uAnd V'i,j,u(ii) a After the positioning by the method, the H' component at each depth point is in the connecting line direction of the shot point and the wave detection point and mainly comprises a P wave and a PSV wave; the V 'component at each depth point is mutually vertical to the H' component at each depth point, namely the connecting line of the shot point and the demodulator probe rotates anticlockwise by 90 degrees, and is mainly SH wave.
The principle of the polarization filtering method can be realized by the following calculation method:
according to the energy law, the following can be obtained:
wherein k is the number of time sampling points in the time window, and k belongs to [ t ]j,tj+M]。
The formula is rotated according to the coordinates to obtain:
s404, to Z'k,j,dAnd H'k,j,dPolarization analysis was performed in the vertical direction to obtain a polarization angle β'jAs shown in fig. 5, according to the principle of polarization filtering: to Z'i,j,uAnd H'i,j,uPolarization filtering is carried out to obtain record P after polarization filteringi,j,uAnd Ri,j,u(ii) a P at each depth point after rotation by the methoduThe component is mainly an upgoing PSV wave field; r at each depth pointuComponent, and P at each depth pointuThe components are perpendicular to each other, mainly the up P-wave.
FIG. 6 shows the up-going PSV wave and P wave obtained by the present invention, which have good wave field continuity and high SNR.
The principle of the polarization filtering method can be realized by the following calculation method:
according to the energy law, the following can be obtained:
the formula is rotated according to the coordinates to obtain:
according to the method, the down direct wave amplitude attribute of the three-component VSP seismic data in the well is utilized, vector rotation and standard wave field separation are carried out on the three-component VSP data to obtain the up P waves and the up PSV waves, the calculation efficiency is high, the result has good stability and high precision, and the separated wave field has the characteristics of completeness, continuity and high signal-to-noise ratio.
It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of assisting the reader in understanding the manner of practicing the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention to such particular statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A wave field separation method based on a right-hand rule is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, exciting a seismic source on the ground or in a well, and receiving by a plurality of underground detectors to obtain three-component VSP seismic data, wherein the three-component VSP seismic data comprise vertical Z-component seismic data, horizontal X-component seismic data and horizontal Y-component seismic data;
s2, determining sign functions on three components, namely a vertical Z component, a horizontal X component and a horizontal Y component;
s3, acquiring new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ':
utilizing sign functions SZ, SX and SY of Z, X and Y components, and adjusting the polarity of the detector and correspondingly exchanging signals according to the principle that the three components of the detector meet the right-hand rule and the principle that the polarities of the downlink direct wave on the three components are the same, thereby obtaining new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ';
s4, carrying out vector rotation and standard wave field separation on the three-component VSP data by using the obtained new three-component records Z ', X ' and Y ' to obtain uplink P waves and uplink PSV waves;
the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s201, picking up each down direct wave on the Z component in the three-component VSP recordFirst arrival and setting the corresponding time as time tjJ denotes the number of tracks, and if the seismic source type is a vibroseis, then time tjThe maximum value point of the amplitude of the corresponding downlink direct wave; other types of sources, time tjA jump point corresponding to the downlink direct wave;
s202. on the jth record of the Z component in the three-component VSP record, time tjWithin 50 milliseconds later, the maximum value Z of the absolute value of the amplitude is searchedj,max(ii) a If Z isj,maxGreater than 0, the sign function SZjIs 1; if Z isj,maxIf < 0, the sign function SZjIs-1; and Z isj,maxThe corresponding time is recorded as time t'j；
S203. three-component VSP recording, X is recorded in the jth track of X componentjGo to find time t'jAmplitude of corresponding seismic signal
If it is not
Then sign function SXjIs 1; if it is not
Then sign function SXjIs-1;
s204. three-component VSP recording, recording Y in j-th track of Y componentjGo to find time t'jAmplitude of corresponding seismic signal
If it is not
Then the sign function SYjIs 1; if it is not
Then the sign function SYjIs-1.
2. A right-hand rule based wavefield separation method according to claim 1, wherein: the step S3 includes:
according to the principle that the three components of the detector meet the right-hand rule and the polarity of the downlink direct wave on the three components is the same, the polarity of the detector is adjusted and the signals are exchanged correspondingly:
wherein i is the number of time sampling points, i belongs to [0, t ]max]And j is the number of channels.
3. A right-hand rule based wavefield separation method according to claim 1, wherein: the step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s401, obtaining three-component down-going wave Z 'by utilizing a standard component wave field separation method of relative protection amplitude in new three-component records Z', X 'and Y'd、X′dAnd Y'd；
S402, descending wave Z 'in the new third sub-component j channel'd、X′dAnd Y'dFrom time tjStarting, selecting a time window backwards, wherein the length of the time window just comprises a complete positive side lobe and a complete negative side lobe, and the length is set as M; three-component recordings outside the time window, i.e. Z'k,j,d、X′k,j,dAnd Y'k,j,d，
All the signals are cleared;
s403. to X'k,j,dAnd Y'k,j,d，k∈[tj,tj+M]Polarization analysis was performed in the horizontal direction to obtain a polarization angle α'jAccording to the principle of the polarization filtering method: to X'k,j,dAnd Y'k,j,d,i∈[0,tmax]Carrying out polarization filtering to obtain polarization filterRecord of post wave H'i,j,dAnd V'i，j，d(ii) a To X'i,j,uAnd Y'i,j,uPolarization filtering is performed to obtain polarization filtered record H'i,j,uAnd V'i,j,u(ii) a After the positioning by the method, the H' component at each depth point is in the connecting line direction of the shot point and the wave detection point and mainly comprises a P wave and a PSV wave; the V 'component at each depth point is mutually vertical to the H' component at each depth point, namely the connecting line of the shot point and the demodulator probe rotates anticlockwise by 90 degrees, and is mainly SH wave;
s404, to Z'k,j,dAnd H'k,j,dPolarization analysis was performed in the vertical direction to obtain a polarization angle β'jAccording to the principle of polarization filtering: to Z'i,j,uAnd H'i,j,uPolarization filtering is carried out to obtain record P after polarization filteringi,j,uAnd Ri,j,u(ii) a P at each depth point after rotation by the methoduThe component is mainly an upgoing PSV wave field; r at each depth pointuComponent, and P at each depth pointuThe components are perpendicular to each other, mainly the up P-wave.
4. A right-hand rule based wavefield separation method according to claim 3, wherein: the method for separating the relative amplitude-protected scalar wave field comprises F-K or median filtering or SVD algorithm.
5. A right-hand rule based wavefield separation method according to claim 3, wherein: in step S403, according to the energy rule, the following results are obtained:
wherein k is the number of time sampling points in the time window, and k belongs to [ t ]j,tj+M]；
Rotating the formula according to the coordinates to obtain:
6. a right-hand rule based wavefield separation method according to claim 3, wherein: in step S404, according to the energy rule, the following results are obtained:
rotating the formula according to the coordinates to obtain:
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