CN109302861B - Side soil discharging perforating needle and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Side soil discharging perforating needle and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302861B CN109302861B CN201811442983.9A CN201811442983A CN109302861B CN 109302861 B CN109302861 B CN 109302861B CN 201811442983 A CN201811442983 A CN 201811442983A CN 109302861 B CN109302861 B CN 109302861B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B45/00—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds
- A01B45/02—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds for aerating
- A01B45/023—Perforators comprising spiking tools actively driven in a reciprocating movement through a crankshaft or eccentric mechanism
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Abstract
The invention discloses a side soil discharging perforating needle and a processing method thereof, belonging to the field of perforating machinery. The perforating needle comprises a cylindrical needle body, the needle body is sequentially provided with an installation part, a soil discharging part and a soil entering part from the tail end to the front end of the needle body, a soil inlet channel is arranged in the soil entering part, a soil discharging port is arranged on the side surface of the soil discharging part, and a soil discharging track with an arc surface is arranged in the soil discharging part. The punching needle can efficiently punch the lawn, and the service life of the punching needle is long. According to the processing method, the bar stock is processed and formed by adopting various processing modes such as turning, drilling, milling and the like, the comprehensive performance of a formed workpiece is further improved by adopting a heat treatment mode, and finally, the workpiece is subjected to sand blasting and oil coating treatment, so that the surface quality of the formed workpiece is ensured, a perforating needle with accurate shape, high strength and good wear resistance can be obtained, and the service life of the perforating needle is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of punching machinery, and particularly relates to a side soil discharging punching needle and a processing method thereof.
Background
With the development of society and the improvement of living standard of people, environmental problems are attracting more and more attention. At present, a large-area lawn is built on a plurality of farms, golf courses and the like, and after the lawn is built, in addition to reasonable maintenance management such as fertilization, irrigation, trimming and the like, the lawn needs to be perforated timely. The main purpose of the perforation is to increase the air and water permeability of the soil, help the plants to better absorb nutrients, and cut the rhizomes and stolons to stimulate the growth of new rhizomes.
The perforation measure is very important in view of the need for the growth and development of grass in the lawn itself and the characteristics of the lawn. The hole punching is a maintenance measure for punching out the soil roll from the lawn by selecting a proper hole punching machine at a proper period, improving the physical properties and other characteristics of the lawn, accelerating the decomposition of the turnip layer of the lawn and promoting the growth and development of the part above and below the lawn. Because the surface of the lawn forms a compact canopy, the withered grass layer on the surface can prevent water from entering the soil. As the soil hardening is intensified, water is difficult to enter, and a 'dry spot' is formed in serious cases, so that water cannot permeate into the soil no matter how the water is poured. The punching needles directly penetrate the turf and the cumquat layer to form a channel for water to enter the soil, and meanwhile, conditions are created for oxygen to enter. In addition, the lawn root system periodically carries out the metabolic processes of growth and death. These dead roots remain in the interstices of the ground, waiting for the microorganisms to break them down into minerals which are then reabsorbed by the plants. However, it takes a certain time to decompose the dead roots, and the organic matter in the land becomes the one that has not been decomposed in time. These organic substances, like sponges, are capable of absorbing several times their own moisture. Excessive organic matters can bring negative effects to the growth of the lawn, the phenomenon of 'gnawing' is easy to occur, the air permeability of the soil can be improved through punching, and the decomposition of the organic matters is accelerated.
According to the practical use condition of the lawn, different punching operations can be selected to punch the lawn, the side soil discharging punching needle can be used for drilling a hollow hole in the lawn, taking out a soil core rich in organic matters in the lawn, and then paving soil with lower organic matter content, so that the effect of reducing the organic matter content of the lawn is achieved.
For example, the Chinese patent application number is: CN201520728927.7, published date: patent document 2015 9, month 9 and 18 discloses a punching needle, belonging to the field of lawn punching machinery. It includes the needle body, the needle body be the columnar structure, including the portion of burying, unearthing portion and the installation department that connects gradually, the portion of burying be the tubular structure, the portion top of burying is circular soil inlet, unearthing portion one side be provided with the unearthing mouth, the inside track of unearthing that is provided with of unearthing portion, unearthing track one end and the inside pipe inner wall connection of portion of burying, the other end is connected with the unearthing mouth, the track of unearthing be smooth shape track, the installation department is solid construction, unearthing portion is close to the portion of burying coupling portion unearthing mouth and is unearthing cambered surface, unearthing cambered surface extend to unearthing mouthful bottom by the portion outer wall of burying. It has the advantages of no grass being taken out after punching, deep punching and good connecting part strength. However, the perforating needle is processed and firstly needs to drill the end part of the perforating needle, and then the side face of the perforating needle is milled, the perforating needle in the scheme is large in drilling depth, although the processing mode can enable the processing to be simpler and more convenient, the deep drilling depth can lead to the short arc length of the tail end arc surface of the soil outlet part, the formed gradient is large, the milling depth in the axial unit length of the needle body is large when the tail end arc surface is milled, the control is not good, step-shaped wall surfaces are formed at the joints of the arc surface and the hole easily due to different wall thicknesses between the arc surface and the hole, soil is accumulated at the tail end and even is blocked when the perforating needle is drilled, and the perforating efficiency is influenced.
Also, for example, the Chinese patent application number is: CN201520728917.3, published date: patent document 2016, 2, month and 10 discloses an assembled punching needle, belonging to the field of lawn punching machinery. It includes needle body and coupling part, the needle body be tubular structure, including the portion of burying, unearthing portion and the installation department that connects gradually, the portion of burying be tubular structure, the portion top of burying is circular soil inlet, unearthing portion one side be provided with unearthing mouthful, unearthing portion inside is provided with unearthing track, unearthing track one end and the inside pipe inner wall connection of portion of burying, the other end is connected with unearthing mouthful, unearthing track be the circular slip shape track, the installation department be tubular structure, the symmetry is provided with the through-hole on the installation department both sides wall respectively, coupling part include connector and connecting axle, needle body and coupling part pass the mounting hole through the bolt and connect. The punching machine has the advantages of no grass being taken out after punching is finished, deep punching, good connecting part strength, convenience in replacement, convenience in processing and high precision. However, since the punching needle has a hollow circular tube structure of a unitary type, the strength of the entire punching needle is not high, and the punching needle is likely to be deformed by long-term operation, which affects punching efficiency. In addition, although the perforating needle of the scheme is a side soil discharging structure with a slot on the side surface, when the perforating needle is operated at a high speed for perforating, part of soil still enters the tail end of the perforating needle, namely the joint of the perforating needle and the perforating machine, so that a gap at the joint of the perforating needle and the perforating machine is blocked, the perforating efficiency is influenced, and even the perforating machine is damaged.
The two punching needles are side soil discharging punching needle structures, the machining method of the punching needle of the type in the prior art is to drill holes on a round bar firstly, then mill grooves, and finally, the burrs on the surface of the punching needle are removed through polishing to form a flat wall surface. However, the mechanical properties of the perforating needle processed by this method are not satisfactory, and problems such as deformation, cracking, and low perforating efficiency are likely to occur in actual use, which affects the perforating efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problem that the existing side soil discharging perforating needle is low in perforating efficiency, the invention provides the side soil discharging perforating needle which can efficiently perforate a lawn through reasonable structural design and is long in service life.
The invention also provides a processing method of the side soil discharging perforating needle, the perforating needle is subjected to a series of processing and forming according to the specific structure of the perforating needle, the structure performance and the mechanical property of the perforating needle are further enhanced by combining with the later heat treatment process, the perforating needle with accurate shape, high strength and good wear resistance can be obtained, and the service life of the perforating needle is prolonged.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A side soil discharging perforating needle comprises a cylindrical needle body, wherein the needle body sequentially comprises an installation part, a soil discharging part and a soil entering part from the tail end to the front end of the needle body, a soil inlet channel is arranged in the soil entering part, a soil discharging port is arranged on the side surface of the soil discharging part, and a soil discharging track is arranged in the soil discharging part; the unearthed track is a circular arc surface, one end of the unearthed track is connected with an unearthed opening, and the other end of the unearthed track is connected with an earth inlet channel.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the front end of the soil inlet channel is a punching end; the opening of the punching end is gradually reduced from the tail end to the front end of the punching end.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the soil outlet is connected with the soil inlet part through an arc edge.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the diameter of the mounting part is smaller than that of the unearthed part, and the surface of the mounting part is provided with threads.
A method for processing the side soil discharging perforating needle comprises the following steps:
firstly, processing two end surfaces of a bar to be processed by using a lathe to enable the bar to reach a set length and enable the two end surfaces to be parallel and level, and then turning the tail end of the bar to form an installation part;
drilling the front end surface of the bar by using a drilling machine to form a soil inlet channel;
processing the side surface of the bar by using a milling machine to form a processing plane connected with the soil inlet channel, and milling the bar along the reverse direction of the soil inlet direction from the side surface of the bar between the processing plane and the mounting part to form a soil outlet track with an arc surface;
fourthly, the front end of the soil inlet channel is processed by a pipe reducing machine to form a tapered punching end;
fifthly, performing heat treatment on the bar stock processed in the step IV;
sixthly, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the heat-treated bar stock, and then coating oil on the surface of the bar stock to finish the processing of the whole perforating needle.
As a further improvement of the processing method, the bar stock adopts 40Cr steel as a raw material.
As a further improvement of the machining method, the step (II) further comprises the following steps before drilling: and drilling a center hole on the front end face of the bar stock for positioning.
As a further improvement of the processing method, the method also comprises the step of deburring the bar stock processed in the step III.
As a further improvement of the processing method, the heat treatment process in the fifth step is specifically as follows:
1) heating in a furnace
Setting the temperature in the heat treatment furnace to be a constant temperature between 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, putting the bar stock processed in the step (iv) into the heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 40-50 minutes, and taking out;
2) quenching treatment
Putting the bar stock into a quenching medium for quenching, taking out after a period of time, and cooling the bar stock to room temperature in air;
3) tempering treatment
Setting the temperature in the heat treatment furnace to be a constant temperature between 220 ℃ and 235 ℃, placing the bar stock in the furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours, taking out the bar stock, and cooling the bar stock to room temperature in air;
as a further improvement of the processing method, the quenching treatment comprises the following specific processes: and (3) putting the bar stock into quenching oil with the oil temperature of 60-80 ℃ for oil quenching, wherein the oil quenching time is 1-1.5 minutes, taking out and air-cooling to room temperature.
As a further improvement of the processing method, the quenching treatment comprises the following specific processes: and (3) putting the bar stock into a salt bath with the temperature of 330-360 ℃, quenching for 25-30 minutes, taking out, and then cooling to room temperature in air.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the side soil discharging perforating needle, soil taken out during perforating can be discharged from the soil outlet more smoothly and conveniently along the arc surface through the arc surface soil discharging track between the soil inlet channel and the soil outlet, soil is prevented from being accumulated and blocked in the soil outlet channel due to the fact that the tail end of the soil discharging track is the right-angle soil outlet, in addition, the arc surface of the soil discharging track extends to the soil inlet channel from one end, close to the mounting portion, of the soil outlet channel all the way, the slope of the soil discharging track is relatively slow, the wall thickness of the front end of the soil outlet track can be well controlled to be consistent with that of the soil inlet channel when the soil discharging track is milled, steps caused by the fact that the wall thicknesses of the connection portions of the soil outlet channel and the soil inlet channel are different are prevented, and secondary milling is needed, time and labor are wasted;
(2) according to the side soil discharging perforating needle, the perforating end with a certain inclination is adopted at the front end of the needle body, so that the perforating needle can be more easily inserted into the ground during working, and the perforating efficiency is improved;
(3) according to the side soil discharging perforating needle, the soil outlet is connected with the outer wall of the soil inlet part through the arc edge, so that the perforating needle can be more smoothly pulled out along the angle of the arc edge when pulled out from the ground, grass is not easily entrained, and the perforating efficiency is improved;
(4) according to the side soil discharging perforating needle, the threads on the surface of the mounting part enable the perforating needle to be mounted on a perforating machine more conveniently through the mounting part, and connection is firmer;
(5) according to the processing method of the side soil discharging perforating needle, the bar stock is turned, drilled and milled aiming at the specific structure of the perforating needle, the obtained perforating needle is accurate in shape, the later-stage heat treatment process is combined, the mechanical property and the tissue property of the perforating needle are greatly improved, the strength and the wear resistance of the perforating needle are enhanced when the perforating needle is used, the perforating needle is not easy to deform, crack and the like when the perforating needle is used, and the service life is greatly prolonged;
(6) according to the processing method of the side soil discharging perforating needle, the central round hole for positioning is firstly drilled on the end face of the bar, so that the position of the drilling machine is more accurate when the drilling machine drills the bar, the wall thickness of the soil inlet channel is prevented from being inconsistent due to the offset of the drilling position, and the perforating needle is easy to deform and crack during working;
(7) according to the processing method of the side dumping perforating needle, the surface of a workpiece subjected to heat treatment can form a partial oxide layer or other bonding matters which are difficult to clean, the oxide layer or the bonding matters on the surface of the workpiece can be conveniently and quickly cleaned through sand blasting operation, so that the surface of the workpiece becomes clean, and then a protective layer can be formed while the surface of the workpiece becomes smooth by matching with subsequent oil coating operation, so that the surface of the workpiece can be isolated from being contacted with air through the protective layer, and the workpiece is prevented from being oxidized in subsequent use;
(8) according to the processing method of the side dumping perforating needle, the internal stress during quenching can be effectively reduced or eliminated through tempering treatment, the tempering temperature is 220-235 ℃, the processing method belongs to low-temperature tempering, the quenched martensite formed during quenching can be converted into the tempered martensite, the toughness of the perforating needle is improved while the high strength, the high hardness and the good wear resistance of steel are maintained, and the perforating efficiency and the service life of the perforating needle are improved;
(9) according to the processing method of the side soil discharging perforating needle, quenching treatment is carried out by oil quenching by using quenching oil at the temperature of 60-80 ℃, the quenching method is simple and convenient to operate, is suitable for small-sized workpieces such as the perforating needle, has high quenching efficiency, has good fluidity of the quenching oil with the oil temperature of 60-80 ℃, has low oil viscosity, and can effectively improve the cooling speed of the quenching oil at the temperature of 400-650 ℃ on the workpiece of the perforating needle, so that the mechanical property of the perforating needle is improved;
(10) according to the processing method of the side dumping perforating needle, the workpiece is quenched by adopting the salt bath with the temperature of 330-360 ℃, the workpiece is insulated in the salt bath for a long time and taken out after the internal temperature and the external temperature of the workpiece are consistent, the transformed austenite structure at the high temperature in the early stage is transformed into the lower bainite structure in the salt bath, the lower bainite structure has higher strength and hardness and good toughness, and the comprehensive mechanical property of steel can be effectively improved, so that the quality of the perforating needle is improved, and the deformation and cracking tendency of the perforating needle is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a side discharge perforating needle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a side discharge perforating needle of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an installation part; 2. a unearthed part; 21. a unearthed track; 22. an arc-shaped plate; 23. processing a plane; 3. a soil-entering part; 31. a soil inlet channel; 32. and (4) punching the hole end.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a side soil discharging perforating needle is mainly used for perforating a lawn. The punching needle drills into the lawn under high-speed rotation, takes out the soil core rich in organic matters, and then spreads into the soil with lower organic matter content, thereby improving the physical properties and other characteristics of the lawn, accelerating the decomposition of the turnip layer of the lawn, and promoting the growth and development of the upper part and the lower part of the lawn. The soil-working needle comprises a needle body, wherein the needle body is cylindrical, and an installation part 1, a soil discharging part 2 and a soil entering part 3 are sequentially arranged from the tail end to the front end of the needle body. Wherein, the mounting part 1 is the joint of the perforating needle and the perforating machine; the unearthed portion 2 is used for discharging soil taken out at the time of punching, and the inserted portion 3 is a portion into which soil is inserted at the time of punching by a punching needle. The structure of the mounting part 1, the unearthing part 2 and the ingressing part 3 will be described in detail below.
The soil-entering part 3 is positioned at the front end of the needle body, an soil-entering channel 31 is arranged in the soil-entering part along the axial direction of the needle body, the length of the soil-entering channel 31 is 1/5-1/4 of the length of the whole bar, and the length of the soil-entering part 3 in the embodiment is 1/5 of the length of the bar. The soil inlet channel 31 has one end connected to the soil outlet 2 and the other end connected to the outside from the other end surface of the needle body opposite to the mounting part 1. The front end of the soil inlet channel 31 communicated with the outside is a punching end 32, the length of the punching end 32 is 1/4-1/3 of that of the soil inlet channel, and the length of the punching end 32 in the embodiment is 1/4 of that of the soil inlet channel. The opening of the punching end 32 is gradually reduced from the tail end to the front end to form a conical surface with a certain angle, so that the punching needle can be more easily inserted into the ground through the punching end 32 during working, and the punching efficiency is improved.
The unearthed mouth has been seted up on unearthed portion 2's side, unearthed portion 2 is interior to have the circular surface form unearthed track 21, unearthed track 21's one end and unearthed mouthful connection, the other end is connected with into native passageway 31, puncher during operation, the soil that the end 32 of digging a hole took out gets into unearthed track 21 by advancing native passageway 31, and discharge from unearthed mouthful along unearthed track 21's cambered surface, unearthed track 21's cambered surface design makes soil can discharge from unearthed mouthful more conveniently, improve perforating needle's work efficiency. In this embodiment, unearthed track 21 is 2 times for advancing the length of native passageway 31 along the axial length of needle body, and unearthed track 21's cambered surface is from the one end that the unearthed mouth is close to the installation department and extend to inlet channel department always, make the slope when milling cutter processing unearthed track 21 milder, thereby can control the wall thickness of unearthed track 21 front end better and advance the wall thickness of native passageway 31 and keep unanimous, prevent to produce the step because the wall thickness of two junctions differs, thereby need the secondary to mill, waste time and energy. In addition, the soil outlet is connected with the outer wall of the soil inlet part 3 through the arc edge 22, so that the perforating needle can be more smoothly pulled out along the arc edge 22 when pulled out from the ground, grass is not easy to be entrained, and the perforating efficiency is improved.
The mounting part 1 is formed by lathe turning, has a cylindrical shape matching the mounting hole of the punch, and has a diameter smaller than that of the unearthed part 2. The surface of the mounting part 1 is provided with threads matched with the threads in the mounting hole of the perforating machine, and the perforating needle is fixedly mounted on the perforating machine through the mounting part 1 and rotates under the action of the perforating machine.
In conclusion, the side soil discharging perforating needle of the embodiment can efficiently perform the perforating operation on the lawn through reasonable structural design, and the taken-out soil can be discharged out of the needle body from the soil outlet in time, so that the situation that the soil is blocked and hardened in the needle body to influence the perforating efficiency is prevented.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for processing the side soil discharge perforating needle in the embodiment 1, which includes the steps of processing and forming a bar by adopting various processing modes such as turning, drilling, milling and the like, further improving the comprehensive performance of a formed workpiece by using a heat treatment mode, and finally performing sand blasting and oil coating treatment on the workpiece so as to ensure the surface quality of the formed workpiece. The length and the diameter of the bar stock can be determined according to actual conditions, the length of the bar stock in the embodiment is 155mm, the diameter of the bar stock is 15mm, and 40Cr steel is adopted as a raw material. The specific processing method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a bar to be processed is placed at a working position of a lathe and is fixedly clamped, two end faces of the bar are turned, the end faces of the bar are flat, the two end faces are parallel and level to each other, turning is stopped after the length of the bar is reduced to 150mm, the angle and the position of the bar are adjusted, the tail end of the bar is turned by the lathe after the adjustment is finished, an installation part 1 shown in the figures 1 and 2 is formed, the installation part 1 is solid and cylindrical and is located at the center of the tail end face of the bar, the length of the installation part 1 is 30mm, the diameter of the installation part is 6mm, and threads matched with threads of a mounting hole of a punching machine are arranged on the surface of the installation part. In the step, the two end faces of the bar stock are turned, so that on one hand, the length of the bar stock can be controlled to reach the preset length, on the other hand, the two end faces which are parallel and level to each other enable the subsequent processing of the bar stock to be more accurate, and the finally manufactured finished product punching needle is accurate in shape.
Secondly, drilling an end face center hole on the front end face of the bar, then placing the front end face of the bar at a processing position of a drilling machine for fixing and clamping, enabling the drill bit to be perpendicular to the front end face of the bar and to be aligned with the end face center hole, starting the drill bit to drill the front end face of the bar and forming a soil inlet channel 31. The diameter of the soil inlet channel 31 of the embodiment is 13mm, the length is 30mm, and the wall thickness of the side wall of the soil inlet channel 31 is 1.5 mm. In the step, the end face center hole plays a role in positioning the drilling position in the drilling operation, so that the drill bit can accurately drill from the end face center hole, the wall thickness of the side wall of the soil inlet channel 31 is prevented from being inconsistent due to the deviation of the drilling position, and the phenomenon that the thin wall side of the perforating needle deforms and cracks when the perforating needle works is avoided.
Thirdly, the bar stock is placed at the working position of the milling machine, the bar stock is milled along the soil inlet direction from the side wall of the bar stock at the tail end of the soil inlet channel 31, and a processing plane 23 as shown in figure 2 is formed, wherein the depth of the processing plane 23 is 7.5mm, the length of the processing plane is 30mm, and the width of the processing plane is 15 mm. The side position of the bar 60mm away from the tail end of the mounting part 1 is taken as a starting point, the bar is milled along a straight line where the center line of the short side of the processing plane 23 is located, the bar is milled until the tail end of the soil inlet channel 31, the soil outlet rail 21 and the arc edge 22 shown in the figure 2 are formed, the wall thickness of the joint of the soil outlet rail 21 and the soil inlet channel 31 is controlled to be 1.5mm, the step caused by the fact that the wall thicknesses of the joint of the soil outlet rail 21 and the soil inlet channel 31 are inconsistent is prevented, and therefore secondary milling is needed to eliminate the step, and time and labor are wasted. After milling is finished, the drilling surface and the milling surface of the bar are ground through the grinding brush, burrs and flashes generated in drilling and milling operations are removed, and the wall surface of the bar is clean and flat.
And fourthly, necking the front end of the soil inlet channel 31 by using a pipe reducing machine to form a punching end 32 shown in figure 2, wherein the length of the punching end 32 in the axial direction of the bar stock is 10 mm. The diameter of the opening at the tail end of the punching end 32 is the same as that of the soil inlet channel 31, the diameter of the opening at the tail end is gradually reduced from the tail end to the opening at the front end, and the diameter of the opening at the front end is 7 mm. The tapered punching end 32 enables the punching needle to be inserted into the ground more easily during operation, and improves the punching efficiency of the punching machine. After the processing of the step, a formed punching needle workpiece is obtained.
Fifthly, carrying out heat treatment on the punching needle workpiece in the step IV, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the punching needle workpiece, particularly greatly enhancing the strength and toughness of the punching end 32 at the front end of the punching needle, wherein the front end of the needle body of the punching needle can be greatly subjected to friction and acting force in the working process, the punching needle is easy to crack or break if the toughness is not enough, and the punching needle is easy to deform if the strength is not enough. The heat treatment comprises the following specific steps:
1) heating in a furnace
The temperature in the heat treatment furnace is set to a constant temperature between 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, and the heating temperature in this embodiment is 850 ℃. And putting the workpiece to be processed into a heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 50 minutes and then taking out. Ac1 (the temperature at which austenite begins to form when the steel is heated) of 40Cr steel is 743 ℃, so that the austenitizing process of the workpiece is substantially completed after the workpiece made of 40Cr steel is heated at 850 ℃ for 50 minutes.
2) Quenching treatment
And (2) placing the heated workpiece in quenching oil with the oil temperature of 60-80 ℃ for oil quenching, wherein the quenching oil with the oil temperature of 70 ℃ is adopted in the embodiment, the oil quenching time is 1 minute, and the workpiece is taken out and then cooled in air to room temperature, so that the austenite structure in the workpiece is converted into the martensite structure. The quenching method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and working procedure saving, the quenching effect is enhanced by adopting the quenching oil with the oil temperature of 70 ℃, the comprehensive performance of the quenched workpiece is better, and the specific reasons are as follows:
the cooling of the steel during quenching may be divided into a plurality of stages according to different temperature ranges. When the temperature is above 650 ℃, the steel with good comprehensive performance is required to be quenched and slowly cooled so as to reduce quenching stress as much as possible; rapid cooling should be performed when the temperature is in the range of 400 c to 650 c so that pearlite or bainite transformation occurs to the wall surface through the region where supercooled austenite is most unstable; however, when the temperature is below 400 ℃, the cooling should be slowly performed again to minimize the structural stress generated during the martensitic transformation. In the embodiment, the quenching oil has good cooling property, but has low cooling capacity, so that the quenching oil has not good cooling effect on the workpiece at the temperature of 400-650 ℃, the quenching oil with the oil temperature of 60-80 ℃ has good fluidity and low oil viscosity, and the cooling speed of the quenching oil on the workpiece at the temperature of 400-650 ℃ can be effectively improved, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the perforating needle.
3) Tempering treatment
Setting the temperature in the heat treatment furnace to be a constant temperature between 220 ℃ and 235 ℃, in the embodiment, adopting 230 ℃, placing the bar stock in the furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours, taking out the bar stock, and cooling the bar stock to room temperature in air. The internal stress during quenching can be effectively reduced or eliminated through tempering treatment, the tempering temperature in the step belongs to low-temperature tempering, the quenched martensite formed during quenching can be converted into tempered martensite, the toughness of a workpiece is improved while the high strength, the high hardness and the good wear resistance of steel are maintained, the punching efficiency of the punching needle is improved, and the service life of the punching needle is prolonged.
Sixthly, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the heat-treated bar stock, and then coating oil on the surface of the bar stock to finish the processing of the whole perforating needle. The surface of the workpiece after heat treatment can form a partial oxide layer or other bonding matters which are difficult to clean, the oxide layer or the bonding matters on the surface of the workpiece can be conveniently and quickly cleaned through sand blasting operation, so that the surface of the workpiece becomes clean, and a protective layer can be formed while the surface of the workpiece becomes smooth by matching with subsequent oil coating operation, so that the surface of the workpiece can be isolated from air contact, and the workpiece is prevented from being oxidized in subsequent use.
In conclusion, the processing method of the side soil discharging perforating needle provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the bar is turned, drilled and milled aiming at the specific structure of the perforating needle, the obtained perforating needle is accurate in shape, the later-stage heat treatment process is combined, the mechanical property and the tissue property of the perforating needle are greatly improved, the strength and the wear resistance of the perforating needle are enhanced when the perforating needle is used, the perforating needle is not prone to deformation, cracking and other conditions during perforating, and the service life of the perforating needle is greatly prolonged.
Example 3
The method for processing the side soil discharge perforating needle in the embodiment 2 can process the perforating needle with accurate shape and good comprehensive performance, but the quenching treatment adopts a single liquid quenching method, the initial temperature of the workpiece is greatly different from the temperature of quenching oil, so that large quenching stress is generated during quenching, and the workpiece can be deformed or cracked in the actual operation process. The embodiment provides another quenching method based on embodiment 2, wherein the quenching method is an isothermal quenching method, and the specific process is as follows:
the heated workpiece is placed in a salt bath with the temperature of 330-360 ℃, the salt bath is taken to have the temperature of 350 ℃, the components of 50% potassium nitrate and 50% sodium nitrite are adopted, the quenching time is 28 minutes, and after the internal and external temperatures of the workpiece are kept consistent, the workpiece is taken out and then is air-cooled to the room temperature.
Compared with the quenching method of the embodiment 2, the quenching method of the embodiment has longer processing time, but the temperature difference between the initial temperature of the workpiece and the quenching medium is smaller, so that the quenching stress of the workpiece during quenching is effectively reduced, and the workpiece is not easy to deform or crack. In addition, the quenching method enables the austenite structure in the workpiece to be converted into a lower bainite structure in the salt bath, and the comprehensive mechanical property of steel can be effectively improved due to the fact that the lower bainite structure is high in strength and hardness and good in toughness, so that the quality of the workpiece is improved, and the deformation and cracking tendency of the workpiece is reduced. It should be noted that although theoretically, after the austempering according to the present embodiment, the structure in the workpiece has been transformed into a more stable lower bainite structure, no subsequent tempering is required. However, in practical operation, part of the austenite structure of the workpiece still has no transformation during quenching, and the austenite structure of the part is transformed into the quenched martensite structure during the subsequent air cooling process, so the workpiece processed by the quenching method still needs to be tempered, so that the unstable quenched martensite structure is transformed into the stable structure, and in the embodiment, the quenched martensite structure is transformed into the tempered martensite structure by adopting low-temperature tempering at 230 ℃.
The examples described herein are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A manufacturing method of a side soil discharging perforating needle is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, processing two end surfaces of a bar to be processed by using a lathe to enable the bar to reach a set length and enable the two end surfaces to be parallel and level, and turning the tail end of the bar to form an installation part (1);
secondly, drilling the front end surface of the bar by using a drilling machine to form a soil inlet channel (31);
thirdly, processing the side surface of the bar by using a milling machine to form a processing plane (23) connected with the soil inlet channel (31), and milling the bar along the opposite direction of the soil inlet direction from the side surface of the bar between the processing plane (23) and the mounting part (1) to form a soil outlet track (21) with an arc surface;
processing the front end of the soil inlet channel (31) by using a pipe reducing machine to form a tapered punching end (32);
fifthly, performing heat treatment on the bar stock processed in the step IV;
sixthly, performing sand blasting treatment on the heat-treated bar stock, and then coating oil on the surface of the bar stock to finish the processing of the whole punching needle;
the heat treatment process in the fifth step is as follows:
1) heating in a furnace
Setting the temperature in the heat treatment furnace to be a constant temperature between 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, putting the bar stock processed in the step (iv) into the heat treatment furnace, preserving the heat for 40-50 minutes, and taking out;
2) quenching treatment
Putting the bar stock in a salt bath with the temperature of 330-360 ℃, quenching for 25-30 minutes, taking out and air-cooling to room temperature;
3) tempering treatment
Setting the temperature in the heat treatment furnace to be a constant temperature between 220 ℃ and 235 ℃, placing the bar stock in the furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-3 hours, taking out the bar stock, and cooling the bar stock to room temperature in air.
2. The method of making a side discharge punch pin of claim 1 further comprising the steps of: in the second step, before drilling, the method further comprises the following steps: and drilling a center hole on the front end face of the bar stock for positioning.
3. The method of making a side discharge punch pin of claim 2 further comprising: and the step of deburring the bar stock processed in the step three is also included.
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| CN112292964B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-07-27 | 安徽三把刀园林机械有限公司 | Cross perforating needle and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN108436605A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-08-24 | 盘起工业(大连)有限公司 | A kind of elongated molding contact pin processing method of leg of spectacles and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20140224512A1 (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Enduratech Manufacturing, LLC | Aeration tines and methods of making aeration tines |
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| CN1282639A (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-02-07 | 风琴针株式会社 | Needls and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN201563346U (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-09-01 | 马鞍山市绿之友机械制造有限公司 | Hole-punching needle |
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| DE102010035566A1 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-01 | Herbert Effertz | Hollow fork for use in soil processing machine for loosening soil during lawn maintenance, has rear wall with thickness increasing from penetration pipe in direction of end part, and channel with depth increasing from pipe in direction |
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| CN109302861A (en) | 2019-02-05 |
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