CN109299005B - Test script generation method and device - Google Patents

Test script generation method and device Download PDF

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CN109299005B
CN109299005B CN201811033432.7A CN201811033432A CN109299005B CN 109299005 B CN109299005 B CN 109299005B CN 201811033432 A CN201811033432 A CN 201811033432A CN 109299005 B CN109299005 B CN 109299005B
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script
parameter
statement
value
parameters
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CN109299005A (en
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邢颖
周晓光
李晋忠
赵艳阳
刘福林
杨维
宋海宁
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Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/36Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
    • G06F11/3668Software testing
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    • G06F11/3684Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for generating a test script, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a template script; for the script statement currently analyzed in the template script, if the script statement is judged to contain the form parameter, acquiring the actual parameter corresponding to the form parameter from the data center; processing the script statement according to the actual parameters, and generating a test script according to the processed script statement; the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters. The embodiment of the invention realizes the separation of the template script and the data, and under the condition that the structure of the template script is not changed, different test scripts can be obtained only by adjusting the real parameters in the data center.

Description

Test script generation method and device
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of programming, in particular to a method and a device for generating a test script.
Background
During software development, software testing is critical. Through rigorous software testing, various potential errors and defects in the software can be systematically found out and the functionality and completeness of the software can be verified in less time and labor. Meanwhile, software testing is also a long and very tedious work. The test cases used in the test should cover all situations as completely as possible, and some boundary values and special values should be particularly emphasized. Given the many iterative processes involved in manual testing, automated test tool applications are therefore generated. At present, most of mainstream automatic testing tools in the market, such as QTP, WinRunner and Selenium, can realize automatic testing to a certain extent by manually inputting testing scripts and other methods.
In order to further improve the automation degree of software testing, data in a template script in the prior art is often preset and completed, when the template script is processed, a test text can be generated by directly analyzing the data in the template script and subsequent necessary processing, but because the data is preset, the structure of the whole template script is changed if the data is modified again, so that the defects that the template script cannot be reused and the flexibility is not achieved exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for generating a test script, which overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for generating a test script, including:
acquiring a template script;
for the script statement currently analyzed in the template script, if the script statement is judged to contain the form parameter, acquiring the actual parameter corresponding to the form parameter from the data center;
processing the script statement according to the actual parameters, and generating a test script according to the processed script statement;
the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a test script generating apparatus, including:
the template script acquisition module is used for acquiring a template script;
the parameter acquiring module is used for acquiring a parameter corresponding to a current script statement in the template script from a data center if the script statement is judged to contain the parameter;
the test processing module is used for processing the script statement according to the argument and generating a test script according to the processed script statement;
the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters.
According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic apparatus, including:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein:
the memory stores program instructions executable by the processor, and the processor calls the program instructions to perform the generating method provided by any of the various possible implementations of the first aspect.
According to a fourth aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the generation method provided in any one of the various possible implementations of the first aspect.
According to the method and the device for generating the test script, the form parameters are set in the template script, and the positions of the actual parameters corresponding to the form parameters are set in the data center according to the template script and the form parameters, so that the template script and the data (namely the actual parameters) are separated, and under the condition that the structure of the template script is not changed, different test scripts can be obtained only by adjusting the actual parameters in the data center.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating a test script according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a test script generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the examples of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the examples of the present invention.
In order to overcome the foregoing problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for generating a test script, where fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for generating a test script according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figure, including:
s101, obtaining a template script.
It should be noted that the template script of the embodiment of the present invention is a script that strips specific data, and the specific data is stored in the data center.
S102, for a currently analyzed script statement in the template script, if the script statement contains a parameter, acquiring an actual parameter corresponding to the parameter from a data center;
as will be understood by those skilled in the art, a parameter (a form parameter) is a parameter used when defining a function name and a function body, and is intended to receive parameters that are passed in when the function is called, and when the function is called, an actual parameter is assigned to the parameter. An argument (actual parameter) is a parameter passed to a function at call time, and may be a constant, a variable, an expression, a function, etc., and whatever type of quantity the argument is, they must have certain values at the time of function call in order to pass the values to the argument. Therefore, the actual parameters can obtain the determined values by means of assignment, input and the like in advance.
It should be noted that, because the argument is used to receive the parameter transmitted when the function is called, if the template script does not have the argument, it is described that there is no position in the template script where data can be naturally filled in. The data center is used for storing the parameters, and the storage positions of the parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters. In particular, the data center stores data in a determinant form, wherein the template script indicates the number of rows in the data center for each argument in the template script, and the parameters indicate the number of columns in the data center for each argument in the template script.
For example, a certain statement of the template script: UI ("login interface"). Webedit ("username"). set (data. tablecolumn ("username")); table column ("user name") represents that the data is specifically in the column of "user name", and the template data corresponds to a row of the data center, so that the corresponding parameters can be obtained by searching the corresponding row and column in the data center.
S103, processing the script statement according to the argument, and generating a test script according to the processed script statement.
It should be noted that, by assigning arguments, i.e. determined values, to the arguments, script statements are obtained (at this time, the obtained script statements cannot be executed yet), and scripts formed by these script statements are scripts for describing test steps, and then are converted into executable test scripts for different test tools according to different requirements. For example, inside our project are translating these scripts into groovy scripts, and then putting them on our own packaged execution machine to execute them.
The embodiment of the invention realizes the separation of the script and the specific data, can realize the rapid generation of a large number of test scripts by configuring different data aiming at each template script through the centralized management of the data center, can flexibly generate the test scripts of different languages according to the requirements and is compatible with different test tools.
Based on the content of the above embodiments, as an alternative embodiment, the categories of the parameters include: one or more of a first type of argument composed of a before operator and a statement, and a second type of argument composed of an after operator and a statement.
Correspondingly, the processing the script statement according to the argument specifically includes:
if the real parameters are first type real parameters, pausing the analysis of the current script statements, preferentially analyzing the statements in the first type real parameters, and continuing to analyze the current script statements after the statements in the first type real parameters are analyzed;
if the argument is the second type argument, analyzing the statement in the second type argument preferentially after analyzing the current script statement, and continuing to analyze the script statement in the template script after the statement in the second type argument is analyzed.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first type of arguments and the second type of arguments are set before and after the script statement and new statements are inserted, that is, each test step is flexibly arranged without changing the template script, so as to meet the requirements of different test cases.
For example, the corresponding parameters of a script statement are: @ before (UI ("xx"). button ("ff"). click ()) @ after (UI ("fdf"). webedit ("fdf"). set ("name")), then the script statement executes the step before inserting the statement: UI ("xx"). button ("ff"). click (); inserting a statement after the script statement execution step: UI ("fdf"). webedit ("fdf"). set ("name").
Based on the content of the above embodiments, as an alternative embodiment, the argument further includes a third type argument composed of a value operator and a parameter value.
In practical applications, when the argument in the script statement corresponds to the first type of argument or the second type of argument, in order to distinguish the statement from the value, a third type of argument is generally available, and the third type of argument contains a parameter value.
According to the embodiment of the invention, different assignments can be realized by presetting different parameter values in the third type of real parameters. Specifically, the processing of the currently parsed sentence according to the argument includes:
and if the parameter value in the third type of actual parameter is left empty, not outputting the third type of actual parameter.
It should be noted that when the parameter value in the third kind of argument is empty, although the third kind of argument is not output, the steps in the step arrangement are still output, for example: one template script configures @ before (UI ("xx"). button ("ff"). click ()), value () @ after (UI ("fdf"). webedit ("fdf"). set ("name")) at the place where the data is configured. Since the parameter in the @ third kind of argument is left blank, the sentences expressed by @ before and @ after are still to be parsed and output.
It should be noted that if the currently parsed script statement contains the first type of argument or the second type of argument, if the parameter value is directly followed in the script statement, the parsing is not convenient, so that a scheme of value operator and parameter value (i.e. @ value addition value) is adopted.
And if the parameter value in the third type of actual parameter is a null value, taking a null character string as the parameter value, and assigning the null character string to the shape parameter in the currently analyzed script statement.
And if the parameter value in the third type of real parameters is a null value, assigning the null value to the form parameter in the currently analyzed script statement.
It will be appreciated that in computer languages null is a value that is reserved in the computation to indicate that the pointer does not reference a valid object. The template script of the embodiment of the invention can generate test scripts of different languages, and null values in different languages are possibly different, so that different null values can be preset according to different languages in actual application.
If the parameter value in the third type of actual parameter is a parameter expression, analyzing the parameter expression, and assigning the analyzed result to the shape parameter in the currently analyzed script statement;
and if the parameter value is a constant value, assigning the constant value to the parameter in the currently analyzed script statement.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the parameter expression is analyzed, and the analyzed result is assigned to a parameter in the currently analyzed sentence, specifically: analyzing the types of atomic values in the parameter expression in sequence, acquiring corresponding parameter values according to the types of the atomic values, performing operation according to the parameter values corresponding to all the atomic values to obtain the result of the parameter expression, and assigning the result to the form parameters in the currently analyzed statement.
It should be noted that, some predefined functions may be included in the parameter expression, for example, random () generates a random number, date () obtains the current time period, etc., four operations may be included in the parameter expression, and the parsing of the parameter expression may be regarded as four operations or higher operations between some atomic values, so that each atomic value needs to be processed in sequence. The atomic values are representation values which cannot be split again in the parameter expression, the result of the parameter expression can be obtained by analyzing the parameter value corresponding to each atomic value and utilizing the parameter value to carry out operation, and the result is copied to the form parameters in the script statement which is analyzed currently.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an alternative embodiment, if the type of the atomic value is a constant value, the constant value is used as a parameter value of the atomic value; if the type of the atomic value is a process variable, a scene variable or an internal variable, taking the corresponding variable as a parameter value of the atomic value; and if the atomic value type is a defined function type, taking the function result as the parameter value of the atomic value, and if the atomic value type is a value in the parameter table, taking the value in the parameter table as the parameter value of the atomic value.
Based on the content of the foregoing embodiment, as an optional embodiment, the method for generating a test script according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes: if the template script does not contain the form parameters, judging whether the script statement contains preset marks or not for the script statement currently analyzed in the template script;
it should be noted that, in a specific application, @ display may be used as a label, and the embodiment of the present invention may flexibly control whether a script statement is displayed through the @ display label.
If the script sentence does not contain the preset mark, directly outputting the currently analyzed script sentence, and processing the output script sentence to generate a test script;
if the preset mark is included, processing the script statement according to the value corresponding to the parameter in the mark in the data center, specifically, if the value corresponding to the parameter in the data center is the preset value, outputting the original statement; and if the corresponding value in the data center is not a preset value, not outputting.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, a parameter, for example, @ display ("username") is further recorded after the label is marked, since the template script provides a row number of the data in the data center, and the parameter records a column (i.e., username column) where the data is located in the data center, a corresponding value can be conveniently obtained from the data center. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the form and argument are concepts in the process of a comparison function call, and the parameters in the embodiments of the present invention are used to indicate which column of data is in the data center.
In addition, the end of the current (non-reference) sentence is marked with '#'; e.g., UI ("login interface"). button ("login button"). click (); table column ("login button")) in a manner similar to display, in which the data after # represents the column name of the parameter in the data center. And if the corresponding value in the data center is a specific value, outputting the statement, otherwise, discarding the script statement and not outputting. For example, it may be preset that in this case, the script statement is output only if Y or Y, and is not output otherwise.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for generating a test script, referring to fig. 2, where fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of the generating device provided according to the embodiment of the present invention; the generating device is used for generating the test script in the foregoing embodiments. Therefore, the description and definition in the test script generation method in the foregoing embodiments can be used for understanding the execution modules in the embodiments of the present invention.
A template script obtaining module 201, configured to obtain a template script;
it should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the template script obtained by the template script module 2 strips the script of the specific data, and the specific data is stored in the data center.
An actual parameter obtaining module 202, configured to, for a currently analyzed script statement in the template script, obtain an actual parameter corresponding to a form parameter from a data center if the script statement is determined to contain the form parameter; the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters.
It should be noted that, because the argument is a parameter transmitted when receiving the call function, if the template script does not have an argument, it indicates that there is no position in the template script where data can be naturally filled in, so the embodiment of the present invention first determines whether the script statement contains an argument, and if the script statement contains an argument, the argument acquisition module obtains an argument in the data center. The data center is used for storing the parameters, and the storage positions of the parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters. In particular, the data center stores data in a determinant form, wherein the template script indicates the number of rows in the data center for each argument in the template script, and the parameters indicate the number of columns in the data center for each argument in the template script.
The test processing module 203 is configured to process the script statement according to the argument, and generate a test script according to the processed script statement;
it should be noted that by assigning arguments, i.e. determined values, to the arguments, executable script statements are obtained, and the scripts formed by these script statements are scripts for describing test steps, and then are converted into executable test scripts for different test tools according to different requirements. For example, inside our project are translating these scripts into groovy scripts, and then putting them on our own packaged execution machine to execute them.
The test script generation device of the embodiment of the invention realizes the separation of the script and the specific data, can realize the rapid generation of a large number of test scripts by configuring different data aiming at each template script through the centralized management of the data center, can flexibly generate test scripts of different languages according to the requirements, and is compatible with different test tools.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a processor (processor)301, a memory (memory)302, and a bus 303;
the processor 301 and the memory 302 respectively complete communication with each other through a bus 303; the processor 301 is configured to call the program instructions in the memory 302 to execute the generating method provided by the above embodiment, for example, including: acquiring a template script; for the script statement currently analyzed in the template script, if the script statement is judged to contain the form parameter, acquiring the actual parameter corresponding to the form parameter from the data center; processing the script statement according to the actual parameters, and generating a test script according to the processed script statement; the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, where the computer instructions cause a computer to execute the generating method provided in the foregoing embodiment, for example, including: acquiring a template script; for the script statement currently analyzed in the template script, if the script statement is judged to contain the form parameter, acquiring the actual parameter corresponding to the form parameter from the data center; processing the script statement according to the actual parameters, and generating a test script according to the processed script statement; the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for generating a test script,
acquiring a template script;
for the script statement currently analyzed in the template script, if the script statement is judged to contain the form parameter, acquiring the actual parameter corresponding to the form parameter from the data center;
processing the script statement according to the actual parameters, and generating a test script according to the processed script statement;
the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters;
wherein the categories of the actual parameters comprise: one or more of a first kind of argument composed of a before operator and a statement and a second kind of argument composed of an after operator and a statement;
correspondingly, the processing the script statement according to the argument specifically includes:
if the real parameters are first type real parameters, pausing the analysis of the current script statements, preferentially analyzing the statements in the first type real parameters, and continuing to analyze the current script statements after the statements in the first type real parameters are analyzed;
if the argument is the second type argument, analyzing the statement in the second type argument preferentially after analyzing the current script statement, and continuing to analyze the script statement in the template script after the statement in the second type argument is analyzed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the categories of arguments further include a third category of arguments, the third category of arguments including parameter values;
correspondingly, the script statement is processed according to the argument, specifically:
if the parameter value in the third kind of actual parameter is left empty, the third kind of actual parameter is not output;
if the parameter value in the third type of actual parameter is a null value, taking a null character string as the parameter value, and assigning the null character string to the form parameter in the script statement;
if the parameter value in the third type of actual parameter is null value, assigning the null value to the shape parameter in the script statement;
if the parameter value in the third type of actual parameter is a parameter expression, analyzing the parameter expression, and assigning the analyzed result to the shape parameter in the script statement;
and if the parameter value is a constant value, assigning the constant value to the parameters in the script statement.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the parsing the parameter expression and assigning the parsed result to the parameters in the script statement specifically comprises:
and analyzing the types of atomic values in the parameter expression in sequence, acquiring corresponding parameter values according to the types of the atomic values, performing operation according to the parameter values corresponding to all the atomic values to obtain a result of the parameter expression, and assigning the result to the form parameters in the script statement.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the obtaining of the corresponding parameter value according to the type of each atomic value is specifically:
if the type of the atomic value is a constant value, taking the constant value as a parameter value of the atomic value; if the type of the atomic value is a process variable, a scene variable or an internal variable, taking the corresponding variable as a parameter value of the atomic value; and if the atomic value type is a defined function type, taking the function result as the parameter value of the atomic value, and if the atomic value type is a value in the parameter table, taking the value in the parameter table as the parameter value of the atomic value.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the template script does not contain the form parameters, judging whether the script statement contains preset marks or not for the script statement currently analyzed in the template script;
if the script sentence does not contain the preset mark, directly outputting the currently analyzed script sentence, and processing the output script sentence to generate a test script;
and if the script statement contains the preset label, processing the script statement according to the value corresponding to the parameter in the label in the data center.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the processing of the script statement according to the value corresponding to the parameter in the annotation in the data center is specifically:
if the corresponding value in the data center is a preset value, outputting an original script statement;
and if the corresponding value in the data center is not a preset value, not outputting.
7. A test script generating apparatus is characterized in that,
the template script acquisition module is used for acquiring a template script;
the parameter acquiring module is used for acquiring a parameter corresponding to a current script statement in the template script from a data center if the script statement is judged to contain the parameter;
the test processing module is used for processing the script statement according to the argument and generating a test script according to the processed script statement;
the data center is used for storing the actual parameters, and the storage positions of the actual parameters in the data center are related to the template scripts and the corresponding parameters;
wherein the categories of the actual parameters comprise: one or more of a first kind of argument composed of a before operator and a statement and a second kind of argument composed of an after operator and a statement;
the test processing module is further configured to suspend parsing of a current script statement and preferentially parse a statement in the first type of real parameters if the real parameters are the first type of real parameters, and continue parsing of the current script statement after the parsing of the statement in the first type of real parameters is completed; if the argument is the second type argument, analyzing the statement in the second type argument preferentially after analyzing the current script statement, and continuing to analyze the script statement in the template script after the statement in the second type argument is analyzed.
8. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one memory communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein:
the memory stores program instructions executable by the processor, the processor invoking the program instructions to perform the generation method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the generation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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