CN109297898B - Test device and method for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under high-voltage electric field environment - Google Patents
Test device and method for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under high-voltage electric field environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109297898B CN109297898B CN201811525711.5A CN201811525711A CN109297898B CN 109297898 B CN109297898 B CN 109297898B CN 201811525711 A CN201811525711 A CN 201811525711A CN 109297898 B CN109297898 B CN 109297898B
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Abstract
The invention provides a test device and a method for performing dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion in a high-voltage electric field environment, which are characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-voltage electric field generator consists of a disc-shaped upper polar plate and a disc-shaped lower polar plate which are identical in shape and size; the disc edges of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are respectively provided with an equalizing ring; the bottoms of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are parallel and oppositely arranged; the upper polar plate is supported and fixed above the lower polar plate through a plurality of length-adjustable or detachable polyethylene columns; the upper polar plate is connected with the high-voltage generator through the protection resistor, and the lower polar plate is grounded. The electric field distribution tester is simple in manufacture and low in cost, fully utilizes conventional components which can be contacted in an electric power test, achieves the design purpose, has excellent performance, and provides uniform electric field distribution and a suitable test platform. Meanwhile, the dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion test implementation process is provided, and the corrosion process in a coastal wet and rainy environment can be fully simulated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric power tests, in particular to a test device and a method for performing dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under a high-voltage electric field environment.
Background
Corrosion studies have been continued for nearly a hundred years, and the methods of performing corrosion are also varied. Global corrosion survey report at month 3 of 2016 shows that the world average corrosion economic loss is about 3.4% of the global national production total (GDP). The economic loss caused by corrosion can be greatly reduced by researching and pertinently protecting the corrosion mechanism and the corrosion behavior.
In coastal industrial areas, the high-voltage transmission process of the power system often suffers from corrosion, and on the one hand, the key conductor materials are in a wet and rainy environment and also in a strong electric field environment. In rainy environment, the corrosion of conductor material when covered by rainwater is a seawater soaking corrosion because of higher precipitation salt in coastal area. When in a humid environment, the material surface is covered by a thin liquid film, and the corrosion of the material belongs to atmospheric corrosion. The corrosion mechanism is different under different models. The conductor materials in the high-voltage power system are all in strong alternating electric fields, and the alternating electric fields have important influences on corrosive ion movement, corrosion potential and corrosion current.
The methods for conducting corrosion behavior studies are generally outdoor exposure test and in-service acceleration test.
The outdoor exposure test is the most commonly used method, and the method has the advantages of being capable of preparing actual conditions of a reaction site and being high in data accuracy and reliability. The method has the defects that the test period is long, the test result is the result of the combined action of a plurality of factors, and the analysis and discussion of a single factor cannot be carried out.
The indoor acceleration test method is an important research means for corrosion research, and the main indoor acceleration methods at present are as follows: salt spray test, damp heat test, cyclic spray composite corrosion test, dry and wet cycle test and multi-factor cycle composite corrosion test.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for carrying out soaking corrosion and atmospheric corrosion in a high-voltage electric field environment. The device consists of a set of simple device, and the test process of alternately carrying out the immersion corrosion model and the atmospheric corrosion model in the high-voltage electric field environment can be realized by only dripping the corrosive liquid in the corrosion test. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test device for carrying out dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under a high-voltage electric field environment is characterized by comprising: the high-voltage electric field generator consists of a disc-shaped upper polar plate and a disc-shaped lower polar plate which are identical in shape and size; the disc edges of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are respectively provided with an equalizing ring; the bottoms of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are parallel and oppositely arranged; the upper polar plate is supported and fixed above the lower polar plate through a plurality of length-adjustable or detachable polyethylene columns; the upper polar plate is connected with the high-voltage generator through the protection resistor, and the lower polar plate is grounded.
Preferably, screw holes with screws and nuts are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate.
Preferably, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are made of stainless steel; the equalizing ring is a circular ring pipe with the surface covered by copper foil or tin foil.
Preferably, the diameters of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are 30cm-50cm; the diameter of the equalizing ring is 3cm-8cm.
Preferably, the high voltage electric field generator is disposed in a corrosion tank; the corrosion tank includes: an outer frame composed of acrylic plates, a net-shaped supporting plate horizontally arranged in the outer frame, a solution tank arranged below the net-shaped supporting plate, a constant-temperature heating pad arranged below the solution tank, and an air flow fan arranged on the net-shaped supporting plate; the lower polar plate is arranged on the reticular supporting plate.
And a test method according to the above test apparatus, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step S1: preparing a corrosion sample, and sealing the edge of the corrosion sample through insulating glue, wherein the insulating glue is 2-3mm higher than the upper surface of the corrosion sample;
step S2: placing the corrosion sample on the bottom of the lower polar plate;
step S3: dropwise adding corrosive liquid on the upper surface of the corrosion sample by adopting a liquid-transferring gun, and controlling the thickness of the corrosive liquid;
step S4: and placing the high-voltage electric field generator into a corrosion box, electrifying the upper polar plate, and observing the corrosion condition of the corrosion sample.
Preferably, the corrosion tank comprises: an outer frame composed of acrylic plates, a net-shaped supporting plate horizontally arranged in the outer frame, a solution tank arranged below the net-shaped supporting plate, a constant-temperature heating pad arranged below the solution tank, and an air flow fan arranged on the net-shaped supporting plate; the lower polar plate is arranged on the reticular supporting plate; the solution tank is filled with a glycerin-water solution.
Preferably, the intensity of the electric field is controlled by adjusting the output voltage of the high-voltage electric field generator and the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate;
adjusting the relative humidity by the relative content of glycerol in the glycerol-water solution;
controlling the airflow rate by adjusting the rotational speed of the airflow fan;
the temperature is controlled and maintained constant by the constant temperature heating pad.
Preferably, when step S4 is performed,
defining a state when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is greater than a threshold value as a soaking corrosion stage;
defining the state of the thin liquid film when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is smaller than a threshold value as an atmospheric corrosion stage;
defining the state when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is zero as a dry environment stage;
and (3) taking the period from the soaking corrosion stage to the atmospheric corrosion stage to the dry environment stage as a corrosion period, after one corrosion period is passed, executing the step S3 and the step S4 again, controlling the thickness of the corrosion liquid to be consistent with that of the previous corrosion period, and repeating N corrosion periods in total.
The device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple design and manufacture and low cost, fully utilizes the conventional components which can be contacted in the electric power test, realizes the design purpose, has excellent performance, and provides uniform electric field distribution and a suitable test platform. The device of the embodiment generates a uniform enough electric field between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, and can flexibly adjust the electric field strength by controlling the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate; the chassis of the lower polar plate is used as a test platform, so that a wide enough operation space is provided, and various test operations can be easily performed.
The thickness of the corrosive liquid is accurately controlled by adopting a liquid-transferring gun to drop the corrosive liquid, the corrosion area is controlled by an insulating adhesive sealing sample to carry out local corrosion, the surrounding electric field environments of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are improved by a grading ring, the point discharge is avoided, and the method has good operability and safety. The method provided by the invention considers the soaking corrosion model and also comprises the atmospheric corrosion model, simultaneously provides a test implementation process of dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion, can fully simulate the environment of outdoor metal corrosion in coastal wet rainy environment, and generally has the soaking corrosion model and also comprises the atmospheric corrosion model, and can realize local corrosion, and the sample is not influenced by the shape.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention (disposed in a corrosion tank);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the thickness change of the etching solution in the process of 12 hours on the aluminum alloy surface according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 4A, b and c are graphs showing the results of scanning electron microscopy at 0KV/m, 200KV/m and 400KV/m for 7 cycles of corrosion;
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing showing the tensile curve after 7 cycles of corrosion under different electric field strengths in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-an upper polar plate; 2-a lower polar plate; 3-equalizing rings; 4-polyethylene column; 5-conducting wires; 10-an outer frame; 11-an air flow fan; 12-mesh-shaped support plates; 13-a solution tank; 14-a constant temperature heating pad; 21-etching the sample.
Detailed Description
In order to make the features and advantages of the present patent more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the core member of the device of the present embodiment includes: the high-voltage electric field generator consists of a disc-shaped upper polar plate 1 and a disc-shaped lower polar plate 2 which are identical in shape and size.
Wherein, the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 are respectively provided with a equalizing ring 3 along the upper edge, and the diameters of the upper plate 1 and the lower plate 2 are 30cm-50cm; the diameter of the equalizing ring 3 is 3cm-8cm. The upper polar plate 1 and the lower polar plate 2 are made of stainless steel; the equalizing ring 3 is a circular ring pipe with the surface covered by copper foil or tin foil, so that each point on the circular ring is an equipotential point. The equalizing ring 3 is used for eliminating the high-voltage discharge phenomenon at the edge of the stainless steel disc.
The bottoms of the upper polar plate 1 and the lower polar plate 2 are parallel and oppositely arranged; the upper polar plate 1 is supported by a plurality of (three are selected for use in this embodiment) insulating material polyethylene columns 4, the polyethylene columns 4 are fixed on the surface of the lower polar plate 2, one of the polyethylene columns 4 is selected to be of adjustable length, the two ends of the polyethylene columns 4 can be provided with screw rod-shaped structures in a conventional arrangement mode, the corresponding screw holes on the bottoms of the upper polar plate 1 and the lower polar plate 2 are matched, the length of the supporting part of the upper polar plate is adjusted in a threaded connection mode, and the upper polar plate 1 can be leveled accurately. The other option of the polyethylene column 4 is a detachable and installable structure, which can also adopt a structure that two ends of the polyethylene column 4 are provided with screw rods, and is matched with the scheme of corresponding screw holes on the tray bottoms of the upper polar plate 1 and the lower polar plate 2, and the polyethylene column 4 with various fixed lengths can be replaced according to actual needs, thereby adjusting the distance between the upper polar plate 1 and the lower polar plate 2.
Screw holes with screws and nuts are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the upper polar plate 1 and the lower polar plate 2. The wires 5 are connected to the inside or outside of the disc by screw nuts. The upper polar plate 1 is connected to a high-voltage generator through a series protection resistor, and the lower polar plate 2 is grounded. And a high-voltage electric field is formed through the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate. The electric field strength can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the high voltage and the polyethylene support column. The wire 5 is preferably thick, and can be wrapped with a grading ring to avoid tip discharge, so that safety is ensured. The protection resistor can adopt a high-resistance water resistor, and the solution in the resistor is deionized water. The resistance was about 80kΩ. The equalizing rings can be arranged at the two ends of the protection resistor connected with the lead 5, so that the safety is improved.
When the corrosion sample 21 is prepared, the edge of the corrosion sample is sealed by insulating glue (such as AB glue), the sealing glue is 2-3mm higher than the surface of the corrosion sample 21 and is placed on the upper surface of the lower polar plate 2, in the corrosion process, a liquid-transferring gun is used for dripping corrosion liquid in a corrosion area, and the thickness of the corrosion liquid is controlled by the upper surface area of the corrosion sample and the amount of the corrosion liquid. In the early period of the corrosion period, when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is high, the corrosion process is a soaking corrosion model, and when the corrosive liquid is a thin liquid film, the corrosion model is an atmospheric corrosion model. The end of the cycle is the dry ambient phase. The method realizes the dry-wet alternate corrosion method from soaking corrosion to atmospheric corrosion, and is closer to the actual situation in a coastal wet and rainy environment. And the sample is not affected by the shape.
The corrosive environment may be provided by a corrosion box made of acrylic glass. The temperature, air flow rate and humidity of the environment are regulated and controlled by the constant temperature heating pad 14, the small fan and the glycerin-water solution in the corrosion box.
The corrosion box scheme that this embodiment provided includes: an outer frame 10 composed of acrylic plates, a net-shaped supporting plate 12 horizontally arranged in the outer frame 10, a solution tank 13 arranged below the net-shaped supporting plate 12, a constant temperature heating pad 14 arranged below the solution tank 13, and an air flow fan 11 arranged on the net-shaped supporting plate 12; the lower plate 2 is disposed on a mesh support plate 12. The solution tank 13 is filled with a glycerin-water solution.
In the process of the construction test, high-voltage electric field generators with different distances between the two groups of upper polar plates 1 and the lower polar plates 2 can be arranged at the same time, the two upper polar plates 1 are connected in series and connected with the high-voltage generators so as to obtain the same high-voltage input, the distances between the upper polar plates 1 and the lower polar plates 2 are different so as to obtain different potential distribution, and the upper polar plates and the lower polar plates are mutually the comparison groups, so that the corresponding comparison test can be carried out.
The basic test method thus constructed can be generalized to the following steps:
step S1: preparing a corrosion sample 21, sealing the edge of the corrosion sample 21 by insulating glue, wherein the insulating glue is 2-3mm higher than the upper surface of the corrosion sample 21;
step S2: placing the corrosion sample 21 on the bottom of the lower plate 2;
step S3: dropwise adding corrosive liquid on the upper surface of the corrosion sample 21 by adopting a liquid-transferring gun, and controlling the thickness of the corrosive liquid;
step S4: the high-voltage electric field generator is placed in the corrosion box, and the upper polar plate 1 is electrified to observe the corrosion condition of the corrosion sample 21.
The intensity of the electric field is controlled by adjusting the output voltage of the high-voltage electric field generator and the distance between the upper polar plate 1 and the lower polar plate 2; adjusting the relative humidity by the relative content of glycerol in the glycerol-water solution; controlling the air flow rate by adjusting the rotational speed of the air flow fan 11; the temperature is controlled and maintained constant by the constant temperature heating pad 14.
In particular, when step S4 is performed,
defining a state when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is greater than a threshold value as a soaking corrosion stage;
defining the state of the thin liquid film when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is smaller than a threshold value as an atmospheric corrosion stage;
defining the state when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is zero as a dry environment stage;
and (3) taking the period from the soaking corrosion stage to the atmospheric corrosion stage to the dry environment stage as a corrosion period, after one corrosion period is passed, executing the step S3 and the step S4 again, controlling the thickness of the corrosion liquid to be consistent with that of the previous corrosion period, and repeating N corrosion periods in total.
By the device and the method, the specific test is carried out as follows:
example 1: an aluminum alloy specimen was prepared into a 20 mm. Times.20 mm. Times.2 mm specimen using a 5052 series aluminum alloy sheet, and the specimen surface was polished stepwise from 1500 mesh to 4000 mesh using a water-abrasive paper to smooth and polished. And ultrasonically cleaning in deionized water for 5 minutes, and then flushing with ethanol. And sealing the periphery of the sample by using AB glue after drying, wherein the AB glue is 0.2-0.3mm higher than the upper surface of the aluminum alloy. After the AB glue is completely solidified, 400 mu L of 3.5w% sodium chloride solution is dripped into an etching area by a liquid-transfering gun in a high-voltage electric field, so that the thickness of the etching solution is 1000 microns. This was placed in a corrosion box at 35℃and 75% humidity. The thickness of the etching solution was measured by a weighing method, and fig. 3 shows the thickness change of the etching solution during 12 hours of etching. The first 5 hours are for the soak corrosion model, the middle four hours are for the atmospheric corrosion model, followed by a dry environment. The method realizes the dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion of the soaking corrosion model and the atmospheric corrosion model.
Example 2: an aluminum alloy specimen was prepared into a 20 mm. Times.20 mm. Times.2 mm specimen using a 5052 series aluminum alloy sheet, and the specimen surface was polished stepwise from 1500 mesh to 4000 mesh using a water-abrasive paper to smooth and polished. And ultrasonically cleaning in deionized water for 5 minutes, and then flushing with ethanol. And sealing the periphery of the sample by using AB glue after drying, wherein the AB glue is 0.2-0.3mm higher than the upper surface of the aluminum alloy. And (3) waiting for the AB glue to be completely solidified, supporting a high-voltage electric field by using a polyethylene insulating column with the thickness of 40mm and 80mm, regulating the high-voltage generator to 16KV to ensure that the electric field strength is 200KV/m and 400KV/m, placing an aluminum alloy sample on the lower polar plate 2, and dripping 400 mu L of 3.5w% sodium chloride solution by using a pipetting gun to ensure that the thickness of corrosive liquid is 1000 microns. It was placed in an environment of 35℃and 75% humidity. The 24 hours are 1 cycle, and FIG. 4 shows SEM (scanning electron microscope) morphology of the surface after 7 cycles of corrosion under the electric field environments of 0KV/m, 200KV/m and 400KV/m, from which it can be found that the aluminum alloy surface shows a crack shape and is partially detached after 7 cycles of corrosion under the electric field intensity of 0KV/m. After 7 cycle of corrosion under 200KV/m electric field, the surface of the aluminum alloy presents finer crack shape, and is also partially fallen off. After 7 cycles of corrosion under a 400KV/m electric field, the aluminum alloy crack-shaped surface layer falls off completely to form a hollow shape with different specifications.
Example 3: adopting 5052 aluminum alloy standard samples, and processing the sample size into dumbbell-shaped tensile samples according to the standard GB/T228.1-2010. And (3) sealing the periphery of the corrosion area of the sample by using AB glue, wherein the AB glue is 0.2-0.3mm higher than the upper surface of the aluminum alloy. And (3) waiting for the AB glue to be completely solidified, supporting a high-voltage electric field by using a polyethylene insulating column with the thickness of 40mm and 80mm, regulating the high-voltage generator to 16KV to ensure that the electric field strength is 200KV/m and 400KV/m, placing an aluminum alloy sample on the lower polar plate 2, and dripping 400 mu L of 3.5w% sodium chloride solution by using a pipetting gun to ensure that the thickness of corrosive liquid is 1000 microns. It was placed in an environment of 35℃and 75% humidity. The tensile properties were measured after 24 hours in 1 cycle and after 4 cycles using a Metts industrial system CMT5504 electronic universal tester. The F-deformation curve is shown in FIG. 5, where it was found that the tensile strength after corrosion at 400KV/m electric field was significantly lower than that at 200KV/m, and all lower than that at no electric field. In addition, the expansion rate is 400KV/m < 200KV/m < 0KV/m in sequence from small to large.
The patent is not limited to the best mode, any person can obtain other test devices and methods for carrying out dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment in various forms under the teaching of the patent, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the application scope of the invention are covered by the patent.
Claims (9)
1. A test device for carrying out dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under a high-voltage electric field environment is characterized by comprising: the high-voltage electric field generator consists of a disc-shaped upper polar plate and a disc-shaped lower polar plate which are identical in shape and size; the disc edges of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are respectively provided with an equalizing ring; the bottoms of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are parallel and oppositely arranged; the upper polar plate is supported and fixed above the lower polar plate through a plurality of length-adjustable or detachable polyethylene columns; the upper polar plate is connected with the high-voltage generator through a protection resistor, and the lower polar plate is grounded; and (3) a test process of alternately carrying out dry and wet soaking corrosion model and atmospheric corrosion model in a high-voltage electric field environment is realized by dripping corrosive liquid in the corrosion test.
2. The test device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment according to claim 1, wherein the test device comprises: screw holes with screws and nuts are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate.
3. The test device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment according to claim 1, wherein the test device comprises: the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are made of stainless steel; the equalizing ring is a circular ring pipe with the surface covered by copper foil or tin foil.
4. The test device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment according to claim 1, wherein the test device comprises: the diameters of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are 30cm-50cm; the diameter of the equalizing ring is 3cm-8cm.
5. The test device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment according to claim 1, wherein the test device comprises: the high-voltage electric field generator is arranged in the corrosion box; the corrosion tank includes: an outer frame composed of acrylic plates, a net-shaped supporting plate horizontally arranged in the outer frame, a solution tank arranged below the net-shaped supporting plate, a constant-temperature heating pad arranged below the solution tank, and an air flow fan arranged on the net-shaped supporting plate; the lower polar plate is arranged on the reticular supporting plate.
6. The method for testing the device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high voltage electric field environment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
step S1: preparing a corrosion sample, and sealing the edge of the corrosion sample through insulating glue, wherein the insulating glue is 2-3mm higher than the upper surface of the corrosion sample;
step S2: placing the corrosion sample on the bottom of the lower polar plate;
step S3: dropwise adding corrosive liquid on the upper surface of the corrosion sample by adopting a liquid-transferring gun, and controlling the thickness of the corrosive liquid;
step S4: and placing the high-voltage electric field generator into a corrosion box, electrifying the upper polar plate, and observing the corrosion condition of the corrosion sample.
7. The test method of the test device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment according to claim 6, wherein the test device comprises the following steps: the corrosion tank includes: an outer frame composed of acrylic plates, a net-shaped supporting plate horizontally arranged in the outer frame, a solution tank arranged below the net-shaped supporting plate, a constant-temperature heating pad arranged below the solution tank, and an air flow fan arranged on the net-shaped supporting plate; the lower polar plate is arranged on the reticular supporting plate; the solution tank is filled with a glycerin-water solution.
8. The test method of the test device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment according to claim 7, wherein the test device comprises the following steps:
controlling the intensity of an electric field by adjusting the output voltage of the high-voltage electric field generator and the distance between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate;
adjusting the relative humidity by the relative content of glycerol in the glycerol-water solution;
controlling the airflow rate by adjusting the rotational speed of the airflow fan;
the temperature is controlled and maintained constant by the constant temperature heating pad.
9. The test method of the test device for dry-wet alternate accelerated corrosion under the high-voltage electric field environment according to claim 8, wherein the test device comprises the following steps: when the step S4 is performed,
defining a state when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is greater than a threshold value as a soaking corrosion stage;
defining the state of the thin liquid film when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is smaller than a threshold value as an atmospheric corrosion stage;
defining the state when the thickness of the corrosive liquid is zero as a dry environment stage;
and (3) taking the period from the soaking corrosion stage to the atmospheric corrosion stage to the dry environment stage as a corrosion period, after one corrosion period is passed, executing the step S3 and the step S4 again, controlling the thickness of the corrosion liquid to be consistent with that of the previous corrosion period, and repeating N corrosion periods in total.
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