CN109296369B - Technology for recycling side coal of open-air continuous excavation working face - Google Patents

Technology for recycling side coal of open-air continuous excavation working face Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109296369B
CN109296369B CN201811187602.7A CN201811187602A CN109296369B CN 109296369 B CN109296369 B CN 109296369B CN 201811187602 A CN201811187602 A CN 201811187602A CN 109296369 B CN109296369 B CN 109296369B
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coal
mining
transportation unit
cave
open
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CN109296369A (en
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张宏
王彦广
李直
冯腾龙
游雅
闫红红
刘峰
范晓东
苏龙飞
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Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
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Taiyuan University of Science and Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/26Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/28Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of application of coal mining equipment and coal mining methods, and particularly relates to an open-air continuous excavation working face side coal recovery process. The coal mining process effectively solves the problem of mining and recovering the open-air side slope coal, has compact and continuous equipment arrangement, safety, stability, reliability and high mining efficiency, and is an ideal open-air continuous excavation working face side slope coal recovery process.

Description

Technology for recycling side coal of open-air continuous excavation working face
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of coal mining equipment and coal mining methods, and particularly relates to a side coal recovery process of an open-air continuous excavation working face.
Background
After pit mining of the open pit coal mine is finished, the amount of currently formed open pit side pressing coal resources reaches the ten-million-ton level, and the resources are in an ascending trend year by year, if the side pressing coal is not recovered in time, the side pressing coal is pressed by an earth discharge field in the open pit mine, so that the recovery is difficult or the recovery value is lost, and the side pressing coal recovery is urgent. Open-sky highwall coal recovery is an extension of open-pit coal mine coal recovery and production by adopting a mineworker method, but the highwall coal mining technology which can be remotely controlled by a common coal mining machine and a belt conveyor at present is not complete, cannot be completely suitable for highwall mining, is simple and crude in transportation system matching and tunnel portal protection, limits the overall production efficiency and has potential safety hazards.
How to create an open-air continuous excavation working face side coal recovery process with advanced mining and transportation modes, high supporting efficiency and safety guarantee becomes a problem which is urgently needed to be solved by the current open-air mining industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a technology for recovering the side coal of the open-pit continuous excavation working face, which integrates a crawler traveling coal mining machine, a continuous transportation unit, a crawler traveling tunnel portal protection ceiling and a remote control and monitoring center into a whole, realizes intelligent mining, can recover the side pressing resources of the open-pit coal mine, improves the resource recovery rate and prolongs the service life of the coal mine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a technology for recovering edge coal of an open-air continuous excavation working face comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging underground mining;
s2, arranging, installing, transporting and supporting equipment: a supporting steel shed is erected in the underground mining port, and a crawler walking underground mining port protective ceiling is arranged outside the underground mining port; the crawler traveling coal mining machine is used as a front vehicle for mining coal, the rear part of the crawler traveling coal mining machine pulls a matched transportation unit set, and a standby transportation unit is placed in a transportation unit storage area near the side wall; the movable operation chamber is parked at a position which is not less than 50 meters away from the underground mining port, and remote control over the mining and transportation equipment is realized;
s3, mining: moving the crawler walking cave entrance protection ceiling to the cave entrance, allowing a crawler walking coal mining machine to pass through the middle of the protection ceiling, performing hole cutting construction at the cave entrance, reserving a top coal protection top in the cave entrance, withdrawing the crawler walking coal mining machine out of the cave entrance when the cave entrance depth reaches 3-5 m, and then erecting a support steel shed in the cave entrance;
after the supporting steel shed is erected, the crawler belt walking coal mining machine pulls the transportation unit to enter the cave for coal mining, and after each coal mining depth reaches the length of one transportation unit, one transportation unit is added for continuous coal mining until the coal recovery is finished;
after the current underground chamber is deepened, the crawler traveling coal mining machine and the transportation unit are withdrawn, the transportation unit is sequentially dismounted in the withdrawal process until the crawler traveling coal mining machine and the transportation unit are completely withdrawn out of the underground chamber, and the supporting steel shed is withdrawn out of the underground chamber; and then transferring the mining and transportation branch equipment to the next mining port to repeat the steps and continue to recover the coal.
And the transportation unit positioned at the tail part in the transportation unit group is connected with the belt conveyor tail transportation unit outside the mining underground opening, and the belt conveyor tail transportation unit conveys the coal mined by the crawler traveling coal mining machine to an open-air square.
The transport unit comprises a traction type transport unit and a self-moving type transport unit.
The bottom of the traction type transportation unit is provided with a leveling and compacting mechanism which can repeatedly roll the bottom plate, so that the damaged bottom plate is compacted.
The underground mining arrangement comprises the following steps: the width of the side wall mining cave is more than or equal to 3.3 meters, a supporting coal pillar is reserved between the mining cave and is more than or equal to 2 meters, the depth of the mining cave is more than or equal to 100 meters, and the working flat plate is not less than 80 meters.
And reserving a permanent coal pillar with the width of more than or equal to 5 meters every five mining caves in the mining cave arrangement.
The gas and dust in the underground mining are discharged through the local ventilator and the air duct on the transportation unit frame, and the gas is monitored in real time through the methane outage instrument and the gas sensor on the crawler traveling coal mining machine.
When the coal in the mining cave is recovered, the mining cave mouth is plugged by an open-air stripping material, the length of the plugging area is more than or equal to 3 meters, and the spontaneous combustion of the coal bed and the mistaken entry of personnel are prevented.
The cutting part of the crawler belt walking coal mining machine can move longitudinally, so that the one-time cutting molding of the whole coal roadway section is realized; the crawler walking cave mouth protective ceiling can move from the current cave mouth working surface to the next cave mouth working surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the coal mining and conveying are realized by combining the crawler traveling coal mining machine and the conveying unit, the support in the coal mining process is realized by adopting a support steel shed and a crawler traveling tunnel portal protection ceiling, and the operation and monitoring of the whole set of equipment are realized by combining a remote control device.
The whole set of equipment forms a production mode combining 'mining, transporting, supporting and remote control', and realizes safe and efficient mining of the open-air working face side coal. The coal mining and supporting process is advanced, scientific and reasonable in arrangement, compact and continuous in equipment arrangement, safe, stable and reliable, and is an ideal method for the edge coal recovery process of the open-air continuous excavation working face.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a process arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the crawler travel shearer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a tractor transport unit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the self-propelled transport unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a belt tail conveyor unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic axial view of a protective ceiling of the crawler walking cave entrance of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the remote control system of the present invention.
Wherein: the system comprises a crawler traveling coal mining machine 1, a first traction type transportation unit 2a, a second traction type transportation unit 2b, a third traction type transportation unit 2c, a first self-moving type transportation unit 3a, a second self-moving type transportation unit 3b, a supporting steel shed 4, a crawler traveling tunnel portal protection ceiling 5, a belt conveyor tail transportation unit 6, reserved coal pillars 7, a plugging area 8, a transportation unit storage area 9, a movable operation chamber 10, a side wall 11 and an open-air square 12.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the technology for recovering the side coal of the open-air continuous excavation working face comprises the steps of arranging a mining cave, arranging and installing mining transportation and supporting equipment and mining.
The concrete arrangement of the underground mining can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and the concrete arrangement is as follows:
the geological structure is relatively simple, the open-air side wall 11 coal seam is stable, the open-air side wall is a nearly horizontal or inclined coal seam, the side wall with better top and bottom plate conditions is pressed and covered on the coal seam, the mining width of the side wall 11 is more than or equal to 3.3 m, a supporting coal pillar is reserved between the mining cave and is more than or equal to 2 m, the mining cave depth is more than or equal to 100 m, and the length of a working flat plate is not less than 80 m or the length of a square is 50 m. Every five mining tunnels in the mining tunnel arrangement are reserved with permanent coal pillars 7 with the width of more than or equal to 5 meters.
Arranging and installing a mining and transportation branch device: a supporting steel shed 4 is erected in the underground mining port, and a crawler walking underground port protective ceiling 5 is arranged outside the underground mining port; the crawler traveling coal mining machine 1 is used as a front vehicle for mining coal, the rear part of the crawler traveling coal mining machine pulls a matched transportation unit group, and a standby transportation unit is placed in a transportation unit storage area 9 near a side wall 11; the movable operation chamber 10 is parked at a position which is not less than 50 meters away from the underground mining port, and remote control over the mining and transportation equipment is realized;
the transportation unit specifically comprises a traction type transportation unit and a self-moving type transportation unit. According to the condition of the tunnel bottom, the transportation unit group can be composed of at least two traction transportation units and at least one self-moving transportation unit, and the self-moving transportation unit is arranged at the tail part of the transportation unit group; if the underground mining depth is more than 100 meters, adding a self-moving type transportation unit between the traction type transportation units, namely connecting a self-moving type transportation unit behind every two transportation units, and the like; of course, the connection mode is not limited to the above mode, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and only enough traction force of the whole continuous excavation system is ensured.
For example: the system comprises three traction type transportation units and two self-moving type transportation units, and for convenience of description, the three traction type transportation units are named as a first traction type transportation unit 2a, a second traction type transportation unit 2b and a third traction type transportation unit 2c respectively; the two self-moving transport units are named a first self-moving transport unit 3a and a second self-moving transport unit 3b, respectively.
The specific connections between the three towed transport units and the two self-moving transport units may be: a first towed conveyor unit 2a, a second towed conveyor unit 2b, a first self-moving conveyor unit 3a, a third towed conveyor unit 2c, and a second self-moving conveyor unit 3 b. The length of each transportation unit (the traction type transportation unit and the self-moving type transportation unit) is 20 meters, and the specific length of each transportation unit can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the traction type transportation unit can be a belt conveying mechanism in the prior art, a moving structure such as a wheel body is arranged at the bottom of the traction type transportation unit, and the traction type transportation unit is moved by the power provided by the crawler belt walking coal mining machine 1 or the self-moving type transportation unit; the self-moving type transportation unit also adopts a belt conveying mechanism in the prior art, a crawler belt walking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the self-moving type transportation unit, the self-moving type transportation unit is driven to move by the crawler belt walking mechanism, and power can be provided for the traction type transportation unit.
The movable operation chamber 10 is internally provided with a remote control system which is parked at a position which is not less than 50 meters away from the underground mining port to realize remote control and monitoring of the mining and transporting equipment. The specific composition of the remote control system is well known to those skilled in the art and can be adjusted to suit the application.
Mining: moving the crawler walking cave entrance protective ceiling 5 to the cave entrance, making the crawler walking coal mining machine 1 pass through the protective ceiling, performing cutting construction at the cave entrance, reserving a top coal protective roof in the cave, withdrawing the crawler walking coal mining machine 1 out of the cave entrance when the cave depth reaches 3-5 m, and then erecting a supporting steel shed 4 in the cave entrance.
After the supporting steel sheds 4 are erected, the crawler belt walking coal mining machine 1 pulls the transportation units to enter the cave for coal mining, and after each coal mining depth reaches the length of one transportation unit, one transportation unit is added for coal mining continuously until the coal recovery is finished;
and after the current underground chamber is deepened, the crawler belt walking coal mining machine 1 and the transportation unit are withdrawn, the transportation unit is sequentially dismounted in the withdrawal process until the crawler belt walking coal mining machine 1 and the transportation unit are completely withdrawn out of the underground chamber, and the supporting steel shed 4 is also withdrawn out of the underground chamber. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the crawler traveling coal mining machine 1 and the transportation unit group are withdrawn, a traction type transportation unit or a self-moving type transportation unit is unloaded every 20 m backward, the traction type transportation unit and the self-moving type transportation unit are dragged to the transportation unit storage area 9 until the crawler traveling coal mining machine 1 and the transportation unit are completely withdrawn out of the cave, and finally the support steel shed 4 is also withdrawn out of the cave. And then transferring the mining and transportation branch equipment to the next mining port to repeat the steps and continue to recover the coal.
The transport unit positioned at the tail part in the transport unit group is connected with a belt conveyor tail transport unit 6 (shown in figure 6) outside the mining underground opening, and transports the coal mined by the crawler belt traveling coal mining machine 1 to an open-air square 12.
As shown in fig. 4, the bottom of the traction type transportation unit is provided with a leveling and compacting mechanism, which can repeatedly roll the bottom plate, so that the damaged bottom plate is compacted. The leveling and compacting mechanism can adopt a roller vibration mechanism in the road roller in the prior art.
The gas and dust in the underground mining are discharged through the local ventilator and the air duct on the transportation unit frame, and the gas is monitored in real time through the methane outage instrument and the gas sensor on the crawler traveling coal mining machine 1.
When the coal in the mining cave is recovered, the mining cave mouth is plugged by an open-air stripping material, and the length of the plugging area 8 is more than or equal to 3 meters, so that the spontaneous combustion of the coal bed and the mistaken entry of personnel are prevented.
As shown in fig. 3, the cutting part of the crawler belt traveling shearer 1 can move longitudinally, thereby realizing one-time cutting and forming of the whole coal roadway section. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the cutting part sets up on the main frame, and cutting part and main frame sliding connection, sliding connection department are equipped with the hydro-cylinder, and the both ends of hydro-cylinder are respectively with cutting part and main frame hookup, can realize the slip of cutting part along the main frame through the flexible of hydro-cylinder, and the longitudinal movement of cutting part still can be realized to other structures of course, so do not explain here in detail.
As shown in fig. 7, the crawler traveling cave entrance protective ceiling 5 is provided with a traveling device, and the traveling device can drive the protective ceiling main body to move from the current cave entrance working surface to the next cave entrance working surface. The walking device is positioned at the lower end of the protective ceiling main body, and can adopt a crawler walking mechanism or a wheel type walking mechanism in the prior art, and no matter what structure is adopted, the walking device only needs to move the protective ceiling main body.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and all changes are encompassed in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A technology for recovering edge coal of an open-air continuous excavation working face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, arranging underground mining;
s2, arranging, installing, transporting and supporting equipment: a supporting steel shed is erected in the underground mining port, and a crawler walking underground mining port protective ceiling is arranged outside the underground mining port; the crawler traveling coal mining machine is used as a front vehicle for mining coal, the rear part of the crawler traveling coal mining machine pulls a matched transportation unit set, and a standby transportation unit is placed in a transportation unit storage area near the side wall; the movable operation chamber is parked at a position which is not less than 50 meters away from the underground mining port, and remote control over the mining and transportation equipment is realized; the transportation unit comprises a traction type transportation unit and a self-moving type transportation unit;
s3, mining: moving the crawler walking cave entrance protection ceiling to the cave entrance, allowing a crawler walking coal mining machine to pass through the middle of the protection ceiling, performing hole cutting construction at the cave entrance, reserving a top coal protection top in the cave entrance, withdrawing the crawler walking coal mining machine out of the cave entrance when the cave entrance depth reaches 3-5 m, and then erecting a support steel shed in the cave entrance;
after the supporting steel shed is erected, the crawler belt walking coal mining machine pulls the transportation unit to enter the cave for coal mining, and after each coal mining depth reaches the length of one transportation unit, one transportation unit is added for continuous coal mining until the coal recovery is finished;
after the current underground chamber is deepened, the crawler traveling coal mining machine and the transportation unit are withdrawn, the transportation unit is sequentially dismounted in the withdrawal process until the crawler traveling coal mining machine and the transportation unit are completely withdrawn out of the underground chamber, and the supporting steel shed is withdrawn out of the underground chamber; and then transferring the mining and transportation branch equipment to the next mining port to repeat the steps and continue to recover the coal.
2. The process for recovering the coal on the side of the open-air continuous excavation working face according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and the transportation unit positioned at the tail part in the transportation unit group is connected with the belt conveyor tail transportation unit outside the mining underground opening, and the belt conveyor tail transportation unit conveys the coal mined by the crawler traveling coal mining machine to an open-air square.
3. The process for recovering the coal on the side of the open-air continuous excavation working face according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the bottom of the transportation unit is provided with a leveling and compacting mechanism which can repeatedly roll the bottom plate, so that the damaged bottom plate is compacted.
4. The process for recovering the coal on the side of the open-air continuous excavation working face according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the underground mining arrangement comprises the following steps: the width of the side wall mining cave is more than or equal to 3.3 meters, a supporting coal pillar is reserved between the mining cave and is more than or equal to 2 meters, the depth of the mining cave is more than or equal to 100 meters, and the working flat plate is not less than 80 meters.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein every fifth pit is reserved with a permanent coal pillar with a width of 5 m or more.
6. The process for recovering the coal on the side of the open-air continuous excavation working face according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the gas and dust in the underground mining are discharged through the local ventilator and the air duct on the transportation unit frame, and the gas is monitored in real time through the methane outage instrument and the gas sensor on the crawler traveling coal mining machine.
7. The process for recovering the coal on the side of the open-air continuous excavation working face according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: when the coal in the mining cave is recovered, the mining cave mouth is plugged by an open-air stripping material, the length of the plugging area is more than or equal to 3 meters, and the spontaneous combustion of the coal bed and the mistaken entry of personnel are prevented.
8. The process for recovering the coal on the side of the open-air continuous excavation working face according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the cutting part of the crawler belt walking coal mining machine can move longitudinally, so that the one-time cutting molding of the whole coal roadway section is realized; the crawler walking cave mouth protective ceiling can move from the current cave mouth working surface to the next cave mouth working surface.
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CN112096386B (en) * 2020-09-25 2023-03-17 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 Open pit coal mine side coal mining equipment and protection system thereof
CN112065399B (en) * 2020-09-25 2023-02-24 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 Open pit coal mine side coal mining equipment and protection device thereof
CN114645713A (en) * 2022-04-25 2022-06-21 中国煤炭科工集团太原研究院有限公司 Strip mine side pressure coal mining method
CN116025355B (en) * 2023-03-28 2023-06-13 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 Coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seam

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