CN109289090A - 一种胰岛移植微环境及其构建方法 - Google Patents

一种胰岛移植微环境及其构建方法 Download PDF

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CN109289090A
CN109289090A CN201811282813.9A CN201811282813A CN109289090A CN 109289090 A CN109289090 A CN 109289090A CN 201811282813 A CN201811282813 A CN 201811282813A CN 109289090 A CN109289090 A CN 109289090A
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microenvironment
pancreatic islets
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陈津
马予洁
谭建明
黄梁浒
王水良
赵虎
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种胰岛移植微环境及其构建方法，该方法通过应用医用有机硅材料聚二甲基硅氧烷和可溶性晶体构建三维支架，为胰岛提供机械稳定的空间；同时支架内预先种植间充质干细胞，可调节移植胰岛免疫耐受和促进支架内移植胰岛血管生成的作用；支架外应用胞外基质纤维蛋白和凝血酶制成的生物胶保护膜，为移植胰岛提供一个可隔绝血液细胞的直接接触和免疫系统的攻击的微环境。本发明可为移植胰岛提供一个有效的微环境，保护移植胰岛的功能。

Description

一种胰岛移植微环境及其构建方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域，具体涉及一种胰岛移植微环境及其构建方法，为移植胰岛提供生存的微环境。
背景技术
胰岛移植是一种治疗糖尿病的有效方法，通过胰岛移植可以实现血糖的生理正常，避免严重低血糖发生，提高C肽水平，甚至摆脱胰岛素治疗。目前胰岛移植主要采用门静脉肝内移植的方式。然而多达60%的胰岛在移植过程损害或失功，严重影响胰岛移植的治疗效果。研究证明造成大量胰岛失功的主要原因有：1）胰岛在肝内与血液直接接触，引起即刻血液介导的炎症反应（IBMIR），是移植后瞬间胰岛失功的主要原因。2）移植后胰岛无血管期的低氧状态引起胰岛细胞凋亡，同时肝内低氧环境激发自然免疫系统，释放炎症因子如IFNγ，TNF-α，IL-1B 继而损伤胰岛。3）肝脏微环境中高浓度的免疫抑制剂药物和胃肠毒物损害胰岛功能和影响胰岛血管生成。4）肝内含有丰富的NKT细胞，活化的NKT细胞产生大量的细胞因子，如IL-4,IL-10,IFN-γ和TNFβ激活CD4 Th1细胞，CD8细胞毒性T细胞以及自然免疫系统的细胞，这些免疫反应可能导致胰岛的损伤，同时促进免疫的识别和移植胰岛的排斥。因此，以肝脏作为胰岛移植位点具有明显的缺陷，肝脏微环境并不适于胰岛移植。
理想的胰岛移植微环境需要满足以下条件：1）丰富的血供，足够的移植空间；2）最小的刺激免疫系统；3）快速血管化，足够的养分供应；4）模拟生理的血糖感应和促进胰岛素的分泌。5）容易随访监测。一个位点具有这些特征才能为移植的胰岛提供存活的环境并保证其功能。为此研究者进行了许多尝试，如胰腺，胃粘膜下层，横纹肌，腹膜，大网膜，骨髓，肾包膜，淋巴结，脾以及一些免疫豁免的位点如眼仓，睾丸，胸腺等，但是人体内还没有一个理想的位点能同时满足以上所有的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过生物工程方式，用干细胞、胞外基质和生物支架共同构建一个“人工胰腺”，为胰岛移植提供良好的微环境，减少以上因素的影响对胰岛功能的影响，提高胰岛移植治疗糖尿病的效果。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种胰岛移植微环境，由医用有机硅材料和晶体构建三维支架；支架内种植间充质干细胞，支架外是生物胶形成保护膜。
所述有机硅材料是商品化的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
所述的晶体为NaCl晶体或其它可溶性晶体，颗粒大小为100~400 μm。
所述的聚二甲基硅氧烷与晶体比例为质量比1:10~4:1。
所述的间充质干细胞的来源为脐带、骨髓、脂肪、胎盘组织中的一种。
所述的生物胶保护膜是由自体血浆中的纤维蛋白与凝血酶形成的。
所述的凝血酶浓度为100~2000 IU/ml。
所述的自体血浆与凝血酶的比例为体积比10:1~1:1。
一种胰岛移植微环境的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）取NaCl晶体，60℃烤箱干燥24~48小时；
（2）取商品化的聚二甲基硅氧烷与NaCl晶体按比例混合均匀；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的产物倒入模具中；
（4）正向压力1000 PSI压缩，固化4-12小时；
（5）将形成的支架从模具中取出，放入去离子蒸馏水中淘洗2天，将NaCl完全淘洗除去；
（6）将支架放入2M NaOH中50℃孵育24-48小时；
（7）将步骤（6）孵育后的支架用蒸馏水清洗三次；
（8）60℃烤箱干燥4小时，将支架烘干后，高压灭菌；
（9）用含有体积分数10%自体血清的PBS缓冲液浸泡支架过夜；
（10）将支架放入培养皿中，加入1~5×106/ml的间充质干细胞的细胞悬液培养过夜；
（11）取出含间充质干细胞的支架，放入新的培养皿中；
（12）将分离的胰岛浓缩于50~1000μl的1640培养基中；
（13）将步骤（12）得到的胰岛滴加在步骤（11）获得的支架上，利用重力作用，装载入支架巨孔中；
（14）取自体血浆，加入凝血酶，混合均匀后，迅速滴加于支架外围，形成一层包绕支架的纤维蛋白胶，即制备得到含有间充质干细胞、胰岛细胞、胞外基质保护膜组成的移植胰岛微环境。
根据需要将制备得到的胰岛移植微环境应用于构建胰岛移植环境中。
本发明的优点在于：
（1）本发明可以为胰岛提供稳定的物理空间环境；本发明采用的有机硅材料为医用的聚二甲基硅氧烷，具有良好的生物稳定性和生物相容性，无毒无味，具有良好的生理惰性、化学稳定性、弹性、透气性，易于加工等优点，广泛的应用于药品、化妆品、食品、建筑等各领域。
（2）本发明可以物理隔离胰岛与血液炎症细胞、免疫细胞的直接接触，降低移植胰岛的排斥反应和炎症反应，促进胰岛的存活。
（3）本发明含有间充质干细胞可以促进移植胰岛血管生成和抑制炎症、免疫反应，促进胰岛存活。
附图说明
图1为胰岛支架。
图2为装载间充质干细胞（黑色箭头所示）和胰岛细胞（白色箭头所示）的支架。
图3为胰岛移植微环境对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响。
图4为支架内可见间充质干细胞（黑色箭头所示）和胰岛（白色箭头所示）。
图5为支架内胰岛（白色箭头所示）可见血管生成（黑色箭头所示）。
图6为支架内胰岛经胰岛素组化染色阳性（箭头所示）。
具体实施方式
实施例1
（1）取颗粒大小为100~400 μm的NaCl晶体，60℃烤箱干燥24~48小时。
（2）取商品化的聚二甲基硅氧烷与NaCl晶体按质量比1:10混合均匀。
（3）将步骤（2）得到的产物倒入模具中。
（4）正向压力1000 PSI压缩，固化4小时。
（5）将形成的支架从模具中取出，放入去离子蒸馏水中淘洗2天，将NaCl完全淘洗除去。
（6）将支架放入2M NaOH中50℃孵育24小时。
（7）将步骤（6）孵育后的支架用蒸馏水清洗三次。
（8）60℃烤箱干燥4小时，将支架烘干后，高压灭菌。
（9）用含有体积分数10%自体血清的PBS缓冲液浸泡支架过夜。
（10）将支架放入培养皿中，加入骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞悬液（2×106/ml）培养过夜。
（11）取出含间充质干细胞的支架，放入新的培养皿中。
（12）将分离的SD大鼠胰岛浓缩于50 μl的1640培养基中。
（13）将步骤（12）得到的胰岛滴加在步骤（11）获得的支架上，利用重力作用，装载入支架巨孔中。
（14）取SD大鼠血浆，按体积比10:1加入凝血酶，凝血酶浓度为2000 IU/ml，混合均匀后，迅速滴加于支架外围，形成一层包绕支架的纤维蛋白胶，即制备得到含有间充质干细胞、胰岛细胞、胞外基质保护膜组成的移植胰岛微环境。
实施例1构建得到的移植胰岛微环境见图2，装载间充质干细胞为黑色箭头所示，胰岛细胞为白色箭头所示。
将构建的胰岛支架微环境移植到糖尿病大鼠中，观察糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平。结果显示，该方法构建的胰岛支架可明显降低糖尿病大鼠血糖（见图3），病理结果HE染色显示，支架内存在胰岛（白色箭头所示）和间充质干细胞（黑色箭头所示）（见图4），胰岛内有明显的血管生成（见图5，胰岛白色箭头所示，生成血管黑色箭头所示）；且经胰岛素特异性免疫组化染色显示，移植的胰岛显示胰岛素阳性（见图6，箭头所示），显示胰岛具有良好的功能活性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于由医用有机硅材料和晶体构建三维支架；支架内种植间充质干细胞，支架外是生物胶形成保护膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于，所述有机硅材料是商品化的聚二甲基硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于，所述的晶体为NaCl晶体或其它可溶性晶体，颗粒大小为100~400 μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于，所述的聚二甲基硅氧烷与晶体比例为质量比1:10~4:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于，所述的间充质干细胞的来源为脐带、骨髓、脂肪、胎盘组织中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于，所述的生物胶保护膜是由自体血浆中的纤维蛋白与凝血酶形成的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于，所述的凝血酶浓度为100~2000 IU/ml。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种胰岛移植微环境，其特征在于，所述的自体血浆与凝血酶的比例为体积比10:1~1:1。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种胰岛移植微环境的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）取NaCl晶体，60℃烤箱干燥24~48小时；
（2）取商品化的聚二甲基硅氧烷与NaCl晶体按比例混合均匀；
（3）将步骤（2）得到的产物倒入模具中；
（4）正向压力1000 PSI压缩，固化4-12小时；
（5）将形成的支架从模具中取出，放入去离子蒸馏水中淘洗2天，将NaCl完全淘洗除去；
（6）将支架放入2M NaOH中50℃孵育24-48小时；
（7）将步骤（6）孵育后的支架用蒸馏水清洗三次；
（8）60℃烤箱干燥4小时，将支架烘干后，高压灭菌；
（9）用含有体积分数10%自体血清的PBS缓冲液浸泡支架过夜；
（10）将支架放入培养皿中，加入1~5×106/ml的间充质干细胞的细胞悬液培养过夜；
（11）取出含间充质干细胞的支架，放入新的培养皿中；
（12）将分离的胰岛浓缩于50 μl~1000 μl的1640培养基中；
（13）将步骤（12）得到的胰岛滴加在步骤（11）获得的支架上，利用重力作用，装载入支架巨孔中；
（14）取自体血浆，加入凝血酶，混合均匀后，迅速滴加于支架外围，形成一层包绕支架的纤维蛋白胶，即制备得到含有间充质干细胞、胰岛细胞、胞外基质保护膜组成的移植胰岛微环境。
10.如权利要求1-9任一所述一种胰岛移植微环境在构建胰岛移植环境中的应用。
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