CN109285739A - A kind of many electrons' system cold-cathode gun that microwave phase modulation is controllable - Google Patents

A kind of many electrons' system cold-cathode gun that microwave phase modulation is controllable Download PDF

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CN109285739A
CN109285739A CN201710636142.0A CN201710636142A CN109285739A CN 109285739 A CN109285739 A CN 109285739A CN 201710636142 A CN201710636142 A CN 201710636142A CN 109285739 A CN109285739 A CN 109285739A
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microwave
cathode
cold
electronics
electrode plate
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刘梅
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06Electron or ion guns
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02Electron guns
    • H01J3/021Electron guns using a field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron source

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Abstract

The invention, which belongs to, can integrate electrovacuum radiation source device with applying cold-cathode gun, it include: electronics gun housing body and its pedestal, upper and lower electrode plate and the microwave input layer equipped with the number same via with cold cathode, each through-hole forms the interaction chamber of corresponding number together with upper and lower electrode plate respectively in microwave input layer, each cold cathode is embedded in respectively on the lower electrode plate of corresponding interaction chamber bottom, one group of each pore size has been opened up in the electric pole plate region of each interaction chamber of face is both less than the array electronic infusion of microwave wavelength and portalled.The invention has note wave interaction space small, can as required feed-in different frequency microwave come modulate multiple cold cathode emission electric currents, with generate different modulating frequency and intensity multiple electronics note, and each electronics note microwave phase modulation is controllable, multiple electronics notes source can be provided for integrated micro electrovacuum radiation source device, and output power, the features such as effectively expanding application range.

Description

A kind of many electrons' system cold-cathode gun that microwave phase modulation is controllable
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind can integrate the mating electron gun of electrovacuum radiation source device, especially a kind of adjustable feed-in The microwave frequency cold-cathode gun controllable with the multiple electronics note and phase that generate different modulating frequency.
Background technique
Microwave electrovacuum radiation source device is indispensable as the Military Electronics system such as radar, electronic countermeasure, space communication Core devices be constantly subjected to pay attention to extensively.Then occupy in above-mentioned electrovacuum radiation source device electron gun component very important Status, traditional electrovacuum radiation source device electron gun generally use thermal emission cathode system, after decades of development, heat hair It is highly developed to penetrate cathode technique, is widely used in all kinds of electrovacuum radiation source devices, but there are following for thermal emission cathode Significant drawback: structure is complicated, at high cost, and cathod system is made of various metals and ceramic component, since hot cathode works upper Thousand degree of hot environment, the filament of heating is easily broken off or short circuit in cathode, leads to device failure;On the other hand due to work When need the long period to heat, not only increase the complexity of system, also reduce system effectiveness;Additionally due to hot cathode structure Complexity, cathode temperature height are also that electrovacuum radiation source device is difficult to one of the main reason for integrated.
Micro electric vacuum radiation source device compared to hot cathode electron tube it have the characteristics that it is small in size, can integrate, Firstly the need of the generation for solving free electron source using field emission cold cathode in the device of micro electric vacuum radiation source, field causes hair Penetrate is to apply high-intensitive electric field on the surfaces such as metal or conductor, enter electronics by tunnel-effect to form electronics in vacuum Note, so as to remove the essential heating component of hot cathode system, significantly simplifies cathode construction;With thermionic emission Compare, field emission cold cathode have it is low in energy consumption, can integrate, the series of advantages such as size is small, fast response time, therefore it is micro- The desired electronic emission source of type electrovacuum radiation source device.
The development of field emission cold cathode integrable miniature electrovacuum radiation source device is still restricted at present.Main cause It is, since device size is small, the space for infusing wave interaction to be caused also correspondingly to subtract significantly in integrable miniature electron tube It is small.Therefore the efficiency that research effectively improves note wave interaction in small size space, which just becomes, develops the radiation of integrable miniature electrovacuum One of the key of source device.
Further for developing also by the restriction of phase problem for integrated micro electric vacuum radiation source device.When two When the phase in the micro electric vacuum radiation source integrated is inconsistent and frequency is close, phase will be generated between two radiation sources Dry, this relevant influence to proper device operation is very big, while being also unfavorable for the application of device.If two radiation sources The high frequency field frequencies range of generation is consistent, and phase is controllable, then the above problem can be solved.Frequency unanimously can be by using identical resonance Chamber system is guaranteed that controllably then difficulty is larger for phase.Therefore many electrons' system is modulated using same frequency microwave signal and realize Phase controllably just becomes another key technology for developing integrable miniature electrovacuum radiation source device.In turn, as can using multiple The high frequency field in a certain resonator system is infused while being motivated to the controllable electronics of phase modulation, and note wave interaction effect can be improved in result Rate and radiation source bandwidth of operation, Enhanced Radiation Reduced Blast source output power.
" a kind of cold-cathode gun " is disclosed in patent document of the notification number for CN1379433A), which exists A circular metal plate cold cathode is secured on cold yin frame (lower electrode) b on its pedestal a, cold cathode top is netted equipped with one Grid d and its bracket (top electrode) c, mesh grid top are equipped with the focusing electrode f and its bracket e of a circular hole, focusing electrode f's Surface is additionally provided with a mesh shields pole h, which is fixed on pedestal a by its bracket g, each electrode outlet line i It is drawn from the lower part of pedestal a.After the electron gun forms electronics note using mesh grid d, electronics note is converged by focusing electrode f;But The electron gun can only be changed by electrode high pressure carries out frequency modulation(PFM) to the electronics note of cold cathode emission, due to its tuned frequency (103Hz) well below microwave frequency (109Hz).Thus such cold-cathode gun be only used for such as cold cathode electric light source, as Its electronics injection rate such as element pipe (display) is far below the device of microwave frequency;Both it be not suitable for the radiation of integrable miniature electrovacuum Source device, and because the wherein phase of each radiation source is difficult to match, phase coherence will lead to device and cannot work, therefore can not For having in the integrated micro source device in multiple micro electric vacuum radiations source.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for defect existing for background technique, a kind of controllable more of microwave phase modulation of researching and designing Electronics infuses cold-cathode gun, to reach the space that can significantly reduce note wave interaction, and can feed-in different frequency as required Microwave come modulate multiple cold cathode emission electric currents, multiple electronics note to generate different modulating frequency and intensity, and each electricity The phase modulation of son note is controllable, provides the purpose of electronics infuses source, effectively expands application range for miniature electron tube.
Solution of the invention is that microwave input is added between the upper and lower electrode plate of traditional cold-cathode gun Layer, and open up through-hole by the number interval of set cold cathode in microwave input layer, each through-hole respectively with upper and lower electrode plate together Corresponding interaction chamber is formed, each cold cathode is embedded in respectively on the lower electrode plate of corresponding interaction chamber bottom, each mutual in face The electric pole plate region of acting chamber and cold cathode opens up one group of each pore size and is less than the array hole of microwave wavelength, as electronics Infusion is portalled;Containing upper and lower electrode plate, microwave input layer and each cold cathode, the interaction chamber that set in the inner collectively constitute polyelectron The rifle core of cold-cathode gun is infused, which passes through electronics gun housing body and fix by lower electrode plate and pedestal, by its side And (electric pole plate) top surface is fixed with electron gun housing seal;The electron gun work when its electric pole plate be anode, when microwave with When quasi-plane wave mode inputs, microwave high frequency electric field direction vector is parallel with electrostatic field, the certain frequency in interaction chamber Microwave action also changes with microwave frequency in cold cathode emission electric field, electric field frequency, makes generated each electronics note Frequency it is identical as the microwave frequency of input, thus realize by microwave modulation cold cathode emission electric current purpose;Simultaneously because Position of each cold cathode on microwave transmission direction is different and spacing is fixed, each cold cathode when microwave transmission is to each cold cathode Between phase difference just secure, therefore each cold cathode generate electronics note between phase difference also just secure, thus again Realize the controllable purpose of its phase;In addition, under normal circumstances when each electronics infuses same-phase or antiphase for integrated more The raising of the whole work efficiency of a identical or different micro electric vacuum radiation source device is the most obvious, and the present invention is then according to microwave Each phase is successively determined whether phase when the microwave transmitted in input layer is through each interaction chamber between each interaction chamber is identical Spacing between adjacent two interaction chambers.Thus, many electrons' system cold-cathode gun of the present invention includes electronics gun housing body and its pedestal, Upper and lower electrode plate and cold cathode, key is to be additionally provided with a microwave input layer between upper and lower electrode plate, in microwave input layer In by the number of set cold cathode open up through-hole identical with its number, each through-hole forms phase with upper and lower electrode plate respectively together The interaction chamber of number is answered, each cold cathode is embedded in respectively on the lower electrode plate of corresponding interaction chamber bottom, in each interaction of face The array hole for being both less than microwave wavelength with one group of each pore size is opened up in the electric pole plate region of chamber and cold cathode, as electricity Sub- infusion is portalled;Electric pole plate and upper and lower surfaces of the lower electrode plate respectively with microwave input layer embedded with multiple cold cathodes are fixed, Cold-cathode gun rifle core is formed, which passes through electronics gun housing body and each group electronics infusion is portalled is placed in housing cavity upwards Afterwards, electrode plate is integrally fixed with pedestal, rifle core two sides and electric pole plate top surface and electron gun housing seal under rifle core.
The above opens up through-hole identical with its number, cold cathode by the number of set cold cathode in microwave input layer Number be 2-10.The microwave input layer is the insulating medium layer that dielectric constant is 2-10.Each through-hole respectively with it is upper, Lower electrode plate forms the interaction chamber of corresponding number together, and the center spacing of each two neighboring interaction chamber is according to microwave input layer It is successively determined whether phase of middle the transmitted microwave between adjacent two interaction chamber is identical, i.e., ought require each adjacent two interaction When identical with chamber phase, center between two interaction chambers is away from the even-multiple for microwave half-wavelength in microwave input layer, when requiring When each adjacent two interaction chambers opposite in phase, the center between two interaction chambers is away from the surprise for microwave half-wavelength in microwave input layer Several times.The even-multiple of the microwave half-wavelength is 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 times, the odd-multiple of the microwave half-wavelength is 3,5, 7,9,11,13,15 times;And microwave half-wavelength in the microwave input layer, it is in the number and structure for determining interaction chamber first After size, is emulated and obtained by 3 D electromagnetic simulation software " CST MICROWAVE STUDIO ".Each pore size is respectively less than The array electronic infusion of microwave wavelength is portalled, and electronics infusion is portalled for circular hole, square hole or strip-shaped hole.The interaction chamber is length Square cavity, circular cylindrical cavity or water chestnut cylindrical chamber.
The present invention due to being additionally arranged a microwave input layer between the upper and lower electrode plate of traditional cold-cathode gun, and Through-hole is opened up by the number interval of set cold cathode in microwave input layer, each through-hole is formed with upper and lower electrode plate together respectively Corresponding interaction chamber, each cold cathode embedded in each interaction chamber bottom lower electrode plate on, each interaction chamber of face and The electric pole plate on cold cathode top opens up one group of each pore size and portals less than the array hole of microwave wavelength as electronics infusion.Cause This cold-cathode gun after electric pole plate adds quiet positive potential, each of can make on lower electrode plate cold yin in vacuum environment Pole generates stable autoelectronic current;When microwave is inputted with quasi-plane wave mode and passes to some cold cathode surface, microwave High-frequency electric field direction vector it is parallel with electrostatic field, the electric-field strength when its direction is consistent with electrostatic field, on the cold cathode surface Degree will then weaken when will be reinforced, is opposite with electrostatic field;Modulated each emission current by respective electronics infusion portal into Enter after multiple (or one) miniature resonant systems can smoothly with self-oscillation in each resonant cavity or externally input high frequency Energy exchange occurs for electromagnetic field, exports electromagenetic wave radiation after increasing the electromagnetic field of high frequency rail power in each resonant cavity The microwave source of formation, while the microwave phase of each radiation source output is consistent with respective electronics note modulating frequency phase, due to electricity Son note modulating frequency phase is controllable, therefore each radiation source phase is also controllable, solves and develops multiple micro electric vacuum radiations source Two big key technologies of integrated source device.The modulation amplitude of the bigger each electronics note of microwave power amplitude is also bigger, passes through simultaneously Change input microwave frequency and the available different frequency of intensity and multiple electronics of intensity modulated state note, realizes broadband tune System;For same input power, the microwave situation of frequency, by improving the potential difference of upper and lower electrode plate, that is, increase electrostatic field strength Degree can also increase the modulation amplitude of electronics note;Wave interaction space is respectively infused in cold-cathode gun of the present invention can be contracted to often Rule technology 1/10 is hereinafter, 2 times or more at least can be improved in single micro electric vacuum radiation source output power relatively.The thus present invention It is small with note wave interaction space, can the microwave of feed-in different frequency as required modulate multiple cold cathode emission electric currents, to produce Multiple electronics note of raw different modulating frequency and intensity, and each electronics note microwave phase modulation is controllable, is integrated micro electricity The features such as vacuum radiation source device provides multiple electronics and infuses source, and output power, effectively expands application range.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1, which is that microwave phase modulation of the present invention controllably more, infuses cold-cathode gun structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that identical three electronics of 1 phase of embodiment infuse the modulated rear the cathode current emission of cold-cathode gun at any time Variation diagram;
Fig. 3 is that each electronics note is infused across electronics after the identical three electronics note cold-cathode gun of 1 phase of embodiment is modulated Electric current changes over time figure after delivery outlet 2-1;
Three electronics note cold cathode cathodes after microwave is modulated are sent out when Fig. 4 is adjacent two electronics of embodiment 2 note opposite in phase Radio stream changes over time figure;
Three electronics note cold cathode each electronics after microwave is modulated when Fig. 5 is adjacent two electronics of embodiment 2 note opposite in phase Note across electronics infusion portal 2-1 after electric current change over time figure;
3 six electronics note cold-cathode gun the cathode current emissions after microwave is modulated of Fig. 6 embodiment change over time Figure;
3 six electronics note cold-cathode guns of Fig. 7 embodiment each electronics note after microwave is modulated portals across electronics infusion Electric current changes over time figure after 2-1.
In figure: 1. electronics gun housing bodies, 1-1. pedestal, 2. electric pole plates, 2-1. electronics infusion are portalled, 3. microwave input layers, 3-1. interaction chamber, 4. lower electrode plates, 5. cold cathodes.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
By taking more note cold-cathode guns for the micro electric vacuum radiation source of 3 millimeters of frequency ranges as an example: its electron gun shell 1 inner cavity width of body is 5mm, long side 10mm, height 5mm, and wall thickness 2mm, inner wall chamfering circular arc curvature is radius 1mm, material 99# Ceramics, lower end and pedestal 1-1 sealing, upper end are connected to form sealing vacuum chamber with resonator system when in use, and vacuum degree can be with Reach 10-5Pa;Pedestal 1-1 material is also 99#Ceramics, (length × width x thickness) 14 × 7 × 4mm.Microwave input layer 3 (long × wide × It is thick) 20 × 2 × 0.25mm, three through-holes are set in the microwave input layer, (length × width x thickness) in each hole is 2 × 1.8 × 0.25mm, According to requiring in microwave input layer microwave identical by phase when three interaction chambers in the implementation case;Thus pass through three-dimensional electricity It is 2.74mm that magnetic simulation software " CST MICROWAVE STUDIO " emulation, which obtains the centre distance between hole each in transport layer,; 20 × 2 × 0.75mm of lower electrode plate 4 (length × width x thickness), material are magnetism-free stainless steel, three 5 diameters of cold cathode thereon? It is carbon nanotube sheet material for 1mm, thickness 1um, material, wherein second cold cathode is located at bottom crown upper surface center, front and back The centre distance of two cold cathodes is 2.74mm;Electric pole plate 2 (length × width x thickness) 20 × 2 × 0.05mm, material are also nothing Magnetic stainless steel, the upper and lower surfaces of microwave input layer 3 are fixed with electric pole plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4 respectively, the electron gun rifle of composition Core, three through-holes are set in medium wave input layer and upper and lower electrode plate 2,4 forms three interaction chamber 3-1 together, and make cold cathode 5 are placed in each interaction chamber bottom centre position, then using sharp in the range of each interaction chamber 3-1 of face on electric pole plate 2 Light etches one group of 11 × 11=121 respectively, and the array square hole of each a length of 0.1 × 0.1mm of hole edge is as three electronics infusions Portal 2-1;Entire electron gun rifle core passes through electronics gun housing body 1 and intermediate interaction chamber 3-1 is placed in the center of electronics gun housing body Behind position, by the lower electrode plate 4 of rifle core and pedestal 1-1, the surface of the two sidewalls of rifle core and electric pole plate 2 and electronics gun housing body 1 Sealing is integrally fixed,.
In the present embodiment, when the electric field strength between electric pole plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4 no more than 10000V/mm, simultaneously it is cold When the cut-in voltage of cathode work is 2500V/mm, 2 operating voltage of electric pole plate can select within the scope of 1000-2500V;Work as electricity The current density about 1.35A/cm of the present embodiment when field intensity is 4800V/mm2;Three cold yin in the case where potential difference is 1200V effect Pole generates stable autoelectronic current I0=31.6mA;It (can also be other by 94GHz to realize the modulation to electronics note Frequency) microwave E (t) is by 3 left port of the microwave input layer input outside electronics gun housing body 1, and 5 watts of input power, microwave is upper at this time With quasi-plane wave mode propagation in electrode plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4, and the high-frequency electric field direction vector of microwave and electrostatic field are flat Row;Work as right above microwave transmission to three cold cathodes in Fig. 2 in time t=0.2011ns and direction is consistent with electrostatic field When, three cold cathode surface fields will be reinforced, and autoelectronic current will increase to I=I0+I1=31.6mA+2.9mA= 34.5mA, wherein I0The sum of three cold cathode autoelectronic currents are generated for electrostatic field, value does not change over time;I1For microwave The sum of caused three cold cathode autoelectronic currents variation, value changes over time;Before the t=0.065ns moment, microwave It is successively transferred to each cathode surface, and three electronics note phase modulations are same-phase, therefore modulate electric current I1It is gradually increased.? Right above t=0.2064ns moment microwave transmission to three cold cathodes and when direction is opposite with electrostatic field, cold cathode surface electricity Field will be weakened, and autoelectronic current will be reduced to I=I0-I2=31.6mA-2.5mA=29.1mA, wherein I2It also is microwave The sum of caused three cold cathode autoelectronic currents variation, value changes over time;Three cold cathodes 5 are given in Fig. 3 to produce Raw electronics note is each passed through the electronics infusion electric current after 2-1 that portals and changes over time figure, can be clearly seen that three in Fig. 3 The phase modulation of electronics note is consistent, and the nearest electronics note of distance microwave input terminal is modulated first, followed by the Two electronics notes and third electronics note are successively modulated.With time change, the implementation case electron gun generates field and causes hair The electric current for the three electronics note penetrated will change together with microwave, and the sum of amplitude of variation is formed and adjusted between 29.1mA to 31.6mA State processed and phase is consistent;Modulated three electronics note is each passed through respective interaction chamber 3-1 and electronics infusion is portalled 2-1 Enter multiple (or one) miniature resonant systems afterwards, provides electronics note for multiple (or one) micro electric vacuum radiation sources device Source.
Embodiment 2:
Still by taking more note cold-cathode guns for the micro electric vacuum radiation source of 3 millimeters of frequency ranges as an example: its electron gun Portal 2-1, interaction chamber 3-1, its structure and size of cold cathode 5 of shell 1, pedestal 1-1, electronics infusion are same as Example 1; The present embodiment is according to microwave by first requirement identical with phase when third interaction chamber, by second interaction chamber Opposite in phase when Shi Xiangwei is with by first and third interaction chamber, passes through 3 D electromagnetic simulation software " CST MICROWAVE STUDIO " emulation obtains between hole each in microwave input layer 3 center away from being 3.86mm, thus the array on electric pole plate 2 Formula electronics infusion is portalled the distance between 2-1 adjacent array center, center between adjacent interaction chamber 3-1 on microwave input layer 3 Away from center between adjacent cold cathode 5 on, lower electrode plate 4 away from being also 3.86mm;Remaining is also identical as background technique.
In the present embodiment, when the electric field strength between electric pole plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4 no more than 10000V/mm, simultaneously it is cold When the cut-in voltage of cathode work is 2500V/mm, 2 operating voltage of electric pole plate can select within the scope of 1000-2500V;Work as electricity Field intensity can produce about 1.35A/cm when being 4800V/mm2Current density;Three cold cathodes in the case where potential difference is 1200V effect Generate stable autoelectronic current and I0=31.6mA;It (can also be other by 94GHz to realize the modulation to electronics note Frequency) microwave E (t) is by 3 left port of the microwave input layer input outside electronics gun housing body 1, and 5 watts of input power, microwave is upper at this time With quasi-plane wave mode propagation in electrode plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4, and the high-frequency electric field direction vector of microwave and electrostatic field are flat Row;In Fig. 4 between moment time t=0.05ns to 0.01ns, phase modulation phase is infused since adjacent two cold cathode generates electronics Instead so three cold cathode overall emission electric currents are basically unchanged and are still when right above microwave transmission to the 2nd cold cathode 31.6mA.In t=0.131ns right above microwave transmission to third cold cathode and when direction is consistent with electrostatic field, the Three cold cathode surface fields will be reinforced, and autoelectronic current will increase to I=I0+I1=31.6mA+1.0mA= 32.6mA, wherein I0The sum of three cold cathode autoelectronic currents are generated for electrostatic field, value does not change over time;I1For microwave The sum of caused three cold cathode autoelectronic currents variation is (since phase modulation is two-by-two on the contrary, electronics note 1 and electronics note 2 Modulating the sum of electric current is 0, therefore with one third when phase in the sum of modulation electric current only embodiment 1), value changes over time; It is to be transferred to right above third cold cathode and when direction is opposite with electrostatic field at the t=0.1364ns moment, cold cathode surface Electric field will be weakened, and autoelectronic current will be reduced to I=I0-I2=31.6mA-0.9mA=30.7mA, wherein I2It also is micro- The sum of three cold cathode autoelectronic current variations caused by wave, value changes over time;Three cold cathodes 5 are given in Fig. 5 The electronics note of generation is each passed through the electric current after electronics infusion 2-1 portals and changes over time figure, can be clearly seen that three in Fig. 5 The phase modulation of a electronics note is adjacent reverse phase, and the first electronics note of distance microwave input terminal recently is modulated first, It is successively modulated followed by second electronics note and third electronics note.With time change;The present embodiment electron gun generates Field emission three electronics note electric current will change together with microwave, the sum of amplitude of variation between 30.7mA to 32.6mA, Form the opposite in phase of modulation condition and adjacent electronics note;Modulated three electronics note is each passed through respective interaction chamber 3- 1 and electronics infusion portal and enter multiple (or one) miniature resonant systems after 2-1, be multiple (or one) micro electric vacuum radiations Source device provides electronics and infuses source.
Embodiment 3
By taking more note cold-cathode guns for the micro electric vacuum radiation source of 3 millimeters of frequency ranges as an example: its electron gun shell 1 inner cavity width of body is 5mm, long side 24mm, height 5mm, and wall thickness 2mm, inner wall chamfering circular arc curvature is radius 1mm, material 99# Ceramics, lower end and pedestal 1-1 sealing, upper end are connected to form sealing vacuum chamber with resonator system when in use, and vacuum degree can be with Reach 10-5Pa;Pedestal 1-1 material is also 99#Ceramics, (length × width x thickness) 28 × 7 × 4mm;Microwave input layer 3 (long × wide × It is thick) 34 × 2 × 0.25mm, material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and six through-holes, (length × width x thickness) in each hole are set in the microwave input layer For 2 × 1.8 × 0.25mm, the present embodiment is identical as phase when third interaction chamber by first according to microwave, by the Two, phase is identical when four, five, six interaction chambers and requirement with the first and third opposite in phase;Thus emulated by 3 D electromagnetic Software " CST MICROWAVE STUDIO " emulation obtains in microwave input layer 3 from first to the 6th through-hole, each adjacent Centre distance between two holes is successively are as follows: 3.86,3.86,3.86,2.74,2.74mm;Lower electrode plate 4 (length × width x thickness) 34 × 2mm × 0.75mm, material are magnetism-free stainless steel, six 5 diameters of cold cathode thereonIt is 1mm, thickness 1um, each adjacent two cold yin Centre distance between pole is successively are as follows: 3.86,3.86,3.86,2.74,2.74mm, material are carbon nanotube sheet material;Electric pole plate 2 (length × width x thickness) 34 × 2 × 0.05mm, material are also magnetism-free stainless steel, the upper and lower surfaces of microwave input layer 3 respectively with it is upper Electrode plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4 are fixed, the electron gun rifle core of composition, set six through-holes and upper and lower electrode in medium wave input layer Plate 2,4 forms six interaction chamber 3-1 together, and cold cathode 5 is placed in the lower electrode plate 4 of each interaction chamber bottom centre position On, one group of 11 × 11=121 is then etched using laser respectively in the range of each interaction chamber 3-1 of face on electric pole plate 2 A, the array square hole of each a length of 0.1 × 0.1mm of hole edge portals 2-1 as six electronics infusions;Entire electron gun rifle core passes through Electronics gun housing body 1 and after the midpoint between third and the 4th interaction chamber is placed in the center of electronics gun housing body, by rifle The lower electrode plate 4 and pedestal 1-1 of core, the sealing of the surface of the two sidewalls of rifle core and electric pole plate 2 and electronics gun housing body 1 are fixed into one Body,.
In the present embodiment, when the electric field strength between electric pole plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4 no more than 10000V/mm, simultaneously it is cold When the cut-in voltage of cathode work is 2500V/mm, 2 operating voltage of electric pole plate can select within the scope of 1000-2500V;Work as electricity Field intensity can produce about 1.35A/cm when being 4800V/mm2Current density;Six cold cathodes in the case where potential difference is 1200V effect Generate stable autoelectronic current and I0=63.5mA;It (can also be other by 94GHz to realize the modulation to electronics note Frequency) microwave E (t) is by 3 left port of the microwave input layer input outside electronics gun housing body 1, and 5 watts of input power, microwave is upper at this time With quasi-plane wave mode propagation in electrode plate 2 and lower electrode plate 4, and the high-frequency electric field direction vector of microwave and electrostatic field are flat Row;In Fig. 6 in time t=0.045ns right above microwave transmission to the first two cold cathode when, two cold cathode surface fields One is reinforced one and is weakened, autoelectronic current and still for 63.5mA or so, in time t=0.075ns when microwave passes When the defeated surface to first four cold cathode, four cold cathode surface field two are reinforced two and are weakened, autoelectronic current It is still 63.5mA or so;In Fig. 6 in time t=0.101ns right above microwave transmission to all cold cathodes when, wherein preceding four The surface field opposite in phase that a cold cathode encounters, the surface field phase that latter two cold cathode encounters is identical, therefore field causes hair Radio stream will increase to I=I0+I1=63.5mA+2.0mA=65.5mA, wherein I0Six cold-cathode fields are generated for electrostatic field The sum of emission current is caused, value does not change over time, I1For the sum of six cold cathode autoelectronic current variations caused by microwave (contribution of predominantly the five, the six electronics note), value changes over time;In t=0.106ns, microwave transmission is to all cold yin When right above pole, the surface field opposite in phase that wherein first four cold cathode encounters, the surface field that latter two cold cathode encounters Phase is identical, therefore autoelectronic current will increase to I=I0+I2=63.5mA-1.7mA=61.8mA, wherein I0For electrostatic Field generates the sum of six cold cathode autoelectronic currents, and value does not change over time, I2For six cold-cathode fields caused by microwave The sum of emission current variation (contribution of predominantly the five, the six electronics note) is caused, value changes over time;Six are given in Fig. 7 The electronics note that a cold cathode 5 generates is each passed through the electronics infusion electric current after 2-1 that portals and changes over time figure, can be clear in Fig. 7 The same phase of phase modulation for seeing second, four, five, six electronics note of Chu, and first and third electronics note phase it is identical and with other electricity Son note reverse-phase, and the nearest first electronics note of distance microwave input terminal is modulated first, followed by second and third, four, Five, six electronics note is successively modulated.With time change, the present embodiment electron gun generates six electronics note of field emission Electric current will change together with microwave, and the sum of amplitude of variation forms modulation condition and phase is consistent between 61.8mA to 65.5mA; Enter multiple (or one after modulated six electronics note is each passed through respective interaction chamber 3-1 and electronics infusion is portalled 2-1 It is a) miniature resonant system, electronics, which is provided, for multiple (or one) micro electric vacuum radiation sources device infuses source.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of many electrons' system cold-cathode gun that microwave phase modulation is controllable, including electronics gun housing body and its pedestal, above and below Electrode plate and cold cathode, it is characterised in that be additionally provided with a microwave input layer between upper and lower electrode plate, pressed in microwave input layer The number of set cold cathode opens up through-hole identical with its number, and each through-hole forms corresponding together to upper and lower electrode plate respectively Several interaction chambers, each cold cathode are embedded in respectively on the lower electrode plate of corresponding interaction chamber bottom, in each interaction chamber of face With the array hole for opening up one group of each pore size in the electric pole plate region of cold cathode and being both less than microwave wavelength, infused as electronics Delivery outlet;Electric pole plate and upper and lower surfaces of the lower electrode plate respectively with microwave input layer embedded with multiple cold cathodes are fixed, and are formed Cold-cathode gun rifle core, the rifle core pass through electronics gun housing body and by each group electronics infusion portal upwards be placed in housing cavity after, Electrode plate is integrally fixed with pedestal, rifle core two sides and electric pole plate top surface and electron gun housing seal under rifle core.
2. by the controllable many electrons' system cold-cathode gun of microwave phase modulation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described Through-hole identical with its number is opened up by the number of set cold cathode in microwave input layer, the number of cold cathode is 2-10.
3. by the controllable many electrons' system cold-cathode gun of microwave phase modulation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described micro- Wave input layer is the insulating medium layer that dielectric constant is 2-10.
4. by the controllable many electrons' system cold-cathode gun of microwave phase modulation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described each Through-hole forms the interaction chamber of corresponding number, the center spacing of each two neighboring interaction chamber together with upper and lower electrode plate respectively It successively determines, i.e., ought want whether identical according to phase of the microwave transmitted in microwave input layer between adjacent two interaction chamber When asking each adjacent two interaction chambers phase identical, center between two interaction chambers is away from for microwave half-wavelength in microwave input layer Even-multiple, when requiring each adjacent two interaction chambers opposite in phase, the center between two interaction chambers is away from microwave input layer The odd-multiple of microwave half-wavelength.
5. by the controllable many electrons' system cold-cathode gun of microwave phase modulation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described micro- The even-multiple of wave half-wavelength is 2,4,6,8,10,12,14 times, and the odd-multiple of the microwave half-wavelength is 3,5,7,9,11,13,15 Times;And microwave half-wavelength in the microwave input layer, it is to pass through three after the number and structure size for determining interaction chamber first Electromagnetic simulation software " CST MICROWAVE STUDIO " emulation is tieed up to obtain.
6. by the controllable many electrons' system cold-cathode gun of microwave phase modulation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described each The array electronic infusion that pore size is respectively less than microwave wavelength is portalled, and electronics infusion is portalled for circular hole, square hole or strip-shaped hole.
7. by the controllable many electrons' system cold-cathode gun of microwave phase modulation described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described mutual Acting chamber is rectangle cavity, circular cylindrical cavity or water chestnut cylindrical chamber.
CN201710636142.0A 2017-07-19 2017-07-19 A kind of many electrons' system cold-cathode gun that microwave phase modulation is controllable Pending CN109285739A (en)

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