CN109283089B - Method for measuring farmland soil moisture change characteristics under temperature increase and decrease background - Google Patents
Method for measuring farmland soil moisture change characteristics under temperature increase and decrease background Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A farmland soil moisture change characteristic determination method under the background of temperature increase and decrease aims at simulating the temperature rise and reducing the influence on farmland soil moisture change at the same place; according to the method, a proper farmland plot is selected, and a soil water-resisting layer is arranged, so that soil moisture exchange between a heating farmland and a cooling farmland is avoided; arranging a temperature increasing and reducing plate, and performing soil preparation, fertilization and seeding with the same specification on a temperature increasing farmland and a temperature reducing farmland; measuring and statistically analyzing the temperatures of different soil layers by using a right-angle ground thermometer or a temperature sensor in the critical growth period of crop growth in the heating and cooling farmland; the method is characterized in that the moisture of different soil layers of a heating farmland and a cooling farmland is measured by a drying and weighing method in the key growth period of crop growth, and the water storage capacity of the soil of the crops in different growth periods and the water consumption of the soil of the crops in different growth periods under the background of temperature increase and cooling are determined.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a farmland soil moisture change determination method, in particular to a farmland soil moisture change characteristic determination method under the background of temperature increase and decrease.
Background
Global warming has become a recognized fact. In recent years, the temperature change and wheat development, temperature change and suitable sowing time, ground temperature change and yield, temperature and CO are developed by the majority of technologists in different spatial scales2Change in concentration and air temperatureAnd researches related to wheat agronomic characters and the like. The research results provide theoretical and technical support for coping with climate warming, but in the past, the research results mostly simulate the influence of warming on the growth, development and yield of crops by using an infrared warming method in closed or semi-closed facilities, the warming of the facilities is mostly given a fixed value, the natural temperature change gradient characteristics in different seasons and days are difficult to reflect, and the operation cost is high. At present, the research of forming temperature difference by utilizing altitude gradient mainly focuses on high-altitude areas, but the difference formed by key meteorological factors such as precipitation among the areas also exists. And a better research method for researching the soil moisture change by simulating farmland temperature difference in the same place is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a farmland soil moisture change characteristic determination method under the temperature increase and decrease background, the method can better simulate farmland temperature increase and decrease scenes under the same place condition, the temperature increase farmland is compared with the temperature decrease farmland, the temperature increase farmland can simulate future climate temperature increase scenes, the temperature decrease farmland is compared with the temperature increase farmland, and the temperature decrease farmland can simulate future climate temperature decrease scenes; the temperature-increasing and-reducing farmland can be matched with natural temperature change gradients among different seasons and within one day, and the influence characteristics of the temperature-increasing and-reducing farmland on the soil moisture change are measured and researched.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
a farmland soil moisture change characteristic determination method under the background of temperature increase and decrease is characterized in that:
(1) selecting a rain-fed farmland plot with the length of 10-12m and the width of 8-10m, no shadow shielding, and uniform flatness and fertility;
(2) setting and constructing a soil water-resisting layer: digging a cuboid deep pit with the length of 500 plus-550 cm in the east-west direction, the width of 70-75cm in the south-north direction and the depth of 200 plus-220 cm on the south-north central line of the selected land block by using an excavator, measuring the volume weight of different soil layers by using a cutting ring method, covering the south side in the cuboid deep pit by using an agricultural film, and burying and tamping the dug earth; covering the south side of the pit with an agricultural film to form a water-resisting layer so as to avoid soil moisture exchange between the heating farmland and the cooling farmland;
(3) setting a temperature increasing and reducing plate: the temperature increasing and reducing plate comprises a main plate and side plates, the main plate is vertically arranged right above the south side of the waterproof layer, the side plates are vertically arranged right in front of the east and west sides of the main plate, and the main plate and the side plates are connected at an angle of 90 degrees to form a U-shaped structure with an opening facing south; the positive place ahead of mainboard is the farmland that heats in "U" style of calligraphy structure, then forms the cooling farmland at "U" style of calligraphy structure mainboard back or one side, and the farmland that heats is for the cooling farmland, and the cooling farmland is for the farmland cooling that heats, forms the temperature difference between the farmland that heats, cools down, and the farmland that heats is compared with the cooling farmland, and the future climate scene of heating can be simulated in the farmland that heats, and the farmland that cools down is compared with the farmland that heats, and the future climate scene of cooling can be simulated in the cooling farmland.
(4) Sowing in a farmland: soil preparation, fertilization and seeding with the same specification are carried out on the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-reducing farmland, and the seeding time, the row spacing and the plant spacing are consistent; the difference between the ground temperature and the soil moisture caused by inconsistent seeding links is avoided;
(5) and (3) earth temperature observation: measuring the temperatures of different soil layers in the key growth period of the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-decreasing farmland by using a right-angle ground thermometer or a temperature sensor, and statistically analyzing the ground temperature change characteristics of the different soil layers of the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-decreasing farmland in different key growth periods;
(6) and (3) soil moisture determination: measuring the moisture of different soil layers of a heating farmland and a cooling farmland in a key growth period by a drying and weighing method (weight percentage);
calculating water storage capacity of soil (mm) from a = W × ρ × H;
in the formula: a is the water storage capacity (mm) of the soil; w is weight percentage; h is the soil layer thickness (mm); rho is the volume weight of soil (g/cm)3）；
Calculating soil water consumption (mm) in a certain growth stage according to SCW = SSW-ESW;
in the formula: SCW is the water consumption (mm) of soil in a certain growth stage; SSW is the initial water storage capacity (mm) of the soil at this stage of growth; ESW is the amount of water stored in the soil (mm) at the end of the growth period;
through the calculation, the water storage capacity of the soil of the crops in different growth periods and the water consumption of the soil of the crops in different growth periods can be clearly increased and decreased under the background of temperature.
The different soil layers refer to the soil layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, … … cm and 180-200 cm. The height of the temperature increasing and reducing plate is 2.0-2.2m, the length of the main plate is 6.8-7.4m, the length of the side plate is 1.8-2.0m, the enclosed area is 12.24-14.8 square meters, the length of the rectangular deep pit is 5.2-5.4m, and the two ends of the main plate are 0.8-1.0m longer than the rectangular deep pit respectively. The south side of the cuboid deep pit is covered by an agricultural film with the length of 5.2-5.4m, the width of 2.0-2.2m and the thickness of 0.8-1.0 mm.
In each key growth period of crop growth of the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-reducing farmland, measuring the soil layer temperature of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25cm, and measuring the soil moisture of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-120, 120-140, 140-160, 160-180 and 180-200 cm; the soil temperature and moisture measuring points of the temperature increasing and decreasing farmland are selected to be repeatedly measured or sampled within the range of 2.0-2.5m of the central section of the main board and 0.5-1.5m away from the main board.
The facility can simulate the temperature rise and fall at the same place, can be matched with the natural temperature change gradient between seasons and within one day, avoids the water exchange between the warming farmland and the cooling farmland through the arrangement of the water-resisting layer, and can better research the influence of the warming and cooling on the soil water change characteristics of the farmland. By measuring the soil moisture of the temperature-increasing and temperature-reducing wheat fields before sowing, before winter, during the green turning period, the jointing period, the grouting period and the mature period, the water storage capacity of different soil layers of the temperature-increasing and temperature-reducing wheat fields in different growth periods is obviously or extremely obviously different, the water consumption proportion of shallow soil and deep soil in the whole growth period is different, the water consumption of a certain growth period of the temperature-increasing wheat field is positively correlated with the initial water storage capacity of the certain growth period, and the water consumption of the certain growth period of the temperature-reducing wheat field is negatively correlated with the initial water storage capacity of the certain growth period. The temperature increasing and reducing plate has the advantages of wide material, low cost, small construction difficulty of setting a water-resisting layer, easy operation, and the same method for measuring the soil temperature and the farmland soil moisture as the previous method, and can be used for researching the influence of temperature change on water storage and consumption of the farmland soil in different areas and different crops.
Detailed Description
A farmland soil moisture change characteristic determination method under the background of temperature increase and decrease comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting a farmland plot; selecting a rain-fed farmland plot which is open (without tree shadow shielding), flat and consistent in fertility;
(2) constructing a soil water-resisting layer; digging a cuboid pit with an east-west length on a south-north central line with a selected plot width by using an excavator, measuring the volume weight of each soil layer by using a cutting ring method, covering the south side of the cuboid pit with an agricultural film, and then burying and tamping the dug earth.
(3) Setting a temperature increasing and reducing plate: the temperature increasing and reducing plate comprises a main plate and side plates, the main plate is vertically arranged right above the south side of the waterproof layer, the side plates are vertically arranged right in front of the east and west sides of the main plate, and the main plate and the side plates are connected at an angle of 90 degrees to form a U-shaped structure; a heating farmland is arranged right in front of the main board in the U-shaped structure, and a cooling farmland is formed on the back or one side of the main board in the U-shaped structure; the main plate consists of a plurality of color steel composite plates, and the side plate consists of a plurality of color steel tile single plates;
(4) sowing in farmland; the farmland with increased temperature and the farmland with decreased temperature are prepared, fertilized and sowed by artificial method, and the steps of preparation, fertilizing amount, sowing time, row spacing and planting spacing are consistent. The difference between the ground temperature and the soil moisture caused by the inconsistency of all the sowing links is avoided.
(5) Observing the ground temperature; measuring the soil layer temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25cm in the key growth period of crop growth of the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-reducing farmland by using a right-angle ground thermometer or a temperature sensor, and statistically analyzing the ground temperature change characteristics of different soil layers of the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-reducing farmland in different key growth periods;
(6) measuring soil moisture; measuring soil moisture of soil layers of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100, 100-120, 120-140, 140-160, 160-180 and 180-200cm at the key growth period of crop growth of a heating farmland and a cooling farmland by a drying and weighing method (weight percentage);
the water storage capacity (mm) of the soil was calculated from a = W × ρ × H.
In the formula: a is the water storage capacity (mm) of the soil; w is weight percentage; h is the soil layer thickness (mm); ρ is the soil volume weight (g/cm 3);
soil water consumption (mm) was calculated for a certain growth stage from SCW = SSW-ESW.
In the formula: SCW is the water consumption (mm) of soil in a certain growth stage; SSW is the initial water storage capacity (mm) of the soil at this stage of growth; ESW is the water storage capacity (mm) of the soil at the termination of this growth phase.
The application of the method in Shanxi Bifen wheat fields shows that the temperature-increasing wheat field before sowing, before winter, in the green turning period, in the rising period, in the jointing period and in the early grouting period has better temperature-increasing effect, the temperature-decreasing wheat field has better temperature-decreasing effect, and the growth process of wheat can be effectively accelerated for 7-8 days compared with the temperature-decreasing wheat field.
Claims (6)
1. A farmland soil moisture change characteristic determination method under the background of temperature increase and decrease is characterized in that:
(1) selecting a rain-fed farmland plot with the length of 10-12m and the width of 8-10m, no shadow shielding, and uniform flatness and fertility;
(2) setting and constructing a soil water-resisting layer: digging a cuboid pit with the length of 550-75 cm in the east-west direction, the width of 70-75cm in the south-north direction and the depth of 200-220cm in the north-south central line of the selected land, measuring the volume weight of different soil layers by a ring cutting method, covering the south side in the cuboid pit by using an agricultural film, and burying and tamping the dug earth; covering the south side of the pit with an agricultural film to form a water-resisting layer so as to avoid soil moisture exchange between the heating farmland and the cooling farmland;
(3) setting a temperature increasing and reducing plate: the temperature increasing and reducing plate comprises a main plate and side plates, the main plate is vertically arranged right above the south side of the waterproof layer, the side plates are vertically arranged right in front of the east and west sides of the main plate, and the main plate and the side plates are connected at an angle of 90 degrees to form a U-shaped structure with an opening facing south; a heating farmland is arranged right in front of the main board in the U-shaped structure, a cooling farmland is formed on the back or one side of the main board in the U-shaped structure, the heating farmland is used for heating relative to the cooling farmland, the cooling farmland is used for cooling relative to the heating farmland, a temperature difference between the heating farmland and the cooling farmland is formed, and the heating farmland and the cooling farmland are mutually contrasted and can simulate future climate heating and cooling situations;
(4) sowing in a farmland: soil preparation, fertilization and seeding with the same specification are carried out on the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-reducing farmland, and the seeding time, the row spacing and the plant spacing are consistent; the difference between the ground temperature and the soil moisture caused by inconsistent seeding links is avoided;
(5) and (3) earth temperature observation: measuring the temperatures of different soil layers by using a right-angle ground thermometer or a temperature sensor in the key growth period of the growth of the crops in the temperature-increasing and temperature-reducing farmland, and statistically analyzing the ground temperature change characteristics of the different soil layers of the temperature-increasing farmland and the temperature-reducing farmland in different key growth periods;
(6) and (3) soil moisture determination: the moisture of different soil layers of a heating farmland and a cooling farmland is measured by a drying and weighing method (weight percentage) in the key growth period of the growth of crops, so that the water storage capacity of the soil of the crops in different growth periods and the water consumption of the soil of the crops in different growth periods under the background of temperature increase and cooling are determined.
2. The method for determining the characteristic of the change of the soil moisture of the farmland under the background of temperature increase and decrease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the different soil layers are soil layers of 0-20, 20-40, … …, 180-200 cm.
3. The method for measuring the change characteristics of the soil moisture of farmland under the background of temperature increase and decrease as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the temperature increase and decrease plate is 2.0-2.2m, the length of the main plate is 6.8-7.4m, the length of the side plate is 1.8-2.0m, the enclosed area is 12.24-14.8 square meters, the length of the rectangular deep pit is 5.2-5.4m, and the two ends of the main plate are respectively 0.8-1.0m longer than the rectangular deep pit.
4. The method for measuring the change characteristics of soil moisture in farmland under the background of increasing and decreasing temperature as claimed in claim 3, wherein said main plate is composed of a plurality of color steel composite plates, and said side plate is composed of a plurality of color steel tile single plates.
5. A method for measuring the characteristic of change in soil moisture of agricultural land under the background of increasing and decreasing temperature according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the south side of the rectangular pit is covered with an agricultural film of 5.2-5.4m in length, 2.0-2.2m in width and 0.8-1.0mm in thickness.
6. A method for measuring soil moisture change characteristics of agricultural fields under a temperature-increasing/decreasing background as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein soil moisture of soil layers of 0 to 20, 20 to 40, 40 to 60, 60 to 80, 80 to 100, 100 to 120, 120 to 140, 140 to 160, 160 to 180, 180 to 200cm is measured at each critical growth period of the growth of crops in the temperature-increasing agricultural field and the temperature-decreasing agricultural field; the soil temperature and moisture measuring points of the temperature increasing and decreasing farmland are selected to be repeatedly measured or sampled within the range of 2.0-2.5m of the central section of the main board and 0.5-1.5m away from the main board.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101650360A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-02-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for automatically controlling change of outdoor soil temperature |
| CN204440134U (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-07-01 | 青岛农业大学 | Cluster connects a photovoltaic green-house control system |
| CN205506101U (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Infrared heating soil temperature and humidity monitoring system |
| CN206906346U (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-01-19 | 云南农业大学 | It is a kind of to heat testing stand to simulate greenhouse effects |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7040145B2 (en) * | 2003-02-18 | 2006-05-09 | Purdue Research Foundation | Method and apparatus for measuring dry density and water content of soil |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101650360A (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2010-02-17 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for automatically controlling change of outdoor soil temperature |
| CN204440134U (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-07-01 | 青岛农业大学 | Cluster connects a photovoltaic green-house control system |
| CN205506101U (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Infrared heating soil temperature and humidity monitoring system |
| CN206906346U (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2018-01-19 | 云南农业大学 | It is a kind of to heat testing stand to simulate greenhouse effects |
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