CN109282768B - Method for detecting cross-section profile of natural gas hydrate pipeline blockage and device for implementing the method - Google Patents
Method for detecting cross-section profile of natural gas hydrate pipeline blockage and device for implementing the method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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Abstract
天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓检测方法及实施该方法的装置，属于油气管道流体流动安全保障领域，用于解决超声波检测天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓的问题，要点是待测管路外圆纵向位置安装声波探头，其与待测管路间距离可调，在待测管路外圆的起始位置，移动声波探头以调整声波探头与声波探头之间的距离，并对超声波信号进行连续采集，以得到声波探头的焦点到达水合物堵塞位置边界时探头发射端与管壁的垂直距离，用以确定待测管路该点处管路内水合物堵塞厚度，效果是实现了确定待测管路该点处管路内水合物堵塞厚度，从而能够描述管道内的水合物轮廓。
A method for detecting the cross-sectional profile of natural gas hydrate pipeline blockage and a device for implementing the method belong to the field of fluid flow safety assurance in oil and gas pipelines, and are used to solve the problem of ultrasonic detection of the cross-sectional profile of natural gas hydrate pipeline blockage. The key point is the outer circle of the pipeline to be tested The acoustic wave probe is installed in the longitudinal position, and the distance between it and the pipeline to be tested is adjustable. At the initial position of the outer circle of the pipeline to be tested, move the acoustic wave probe to adjust the distance between the acoustic wave probe and the acoustic wave probe, and continuously perform ultrasonic signals. Acquisition, in order to obtain the vertical distance between the probe emitting end and the pipe wall when the focal point of the acoustic probe reaches the boundary of the hydrate blockage position, to determine the thickness of the hydrate blockage in the pipeline at this point of the pipeline to be measured, and the effect is to realize the determination of the hydrate blockage to be tested The thickness of the hydrate blockage in the pipeline at this point in the pipeline can describe the hydrate profile in the pipeline.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于油气管道流体流动安全保障领域，涉及一种天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓检测方法及实施该方法的装置。The invention belongs to the field of fluid flow safety assurance in oil and gas pipelines, and relates to a method for detecting the blockage section profile of a natural gas hydrate pipeline and a device for implementing the method.
背景技术Background technique
在油气输送管道中，会因为水合物、蜡等的沉积引起管道堵塞，或因管道腐蚀导致安全问题，从而引发安全事故。自1934年前苏联在天然气输送管道中首次发现水合物堵塞以来，随着油气资源的开发不断向深水领域拓展，由水合物引发的各类安全问题愈加突出，给石油工业带来极大的经济损失。据统计，全世界全年用于水合物防治的费用高达5亿美元，其中一半用于水合物的生成预防。因此，对油气管道中水合物的形成和堵塞过程的研究尤为重要。In oil and gas pipelines, the deposition of hydrates, waxes, etc. will cause pipeline blockage, or cause safety problems due to pipeline corrosion, resulting in safety accidents. Since the Soviet Union first discovered hydrate blockage in natural gas pipelines in 1934, as the development of oil and gas resources continues to expand to deep water areas, various safety problems caused by hydrates have become more prominent, bringing great economic benefits to the oil industry. loss. According to statistics, the annual cost of hydrate prevention and control in the world is as high as 500 million US dollars, half of which is used for the prevention of hydrate formation. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the formation and plugging process of hydrates in oil and gas pipelines.
目前，现有技术中主要公开了对水合物在管道内的形成和流动的过程研究，然而水合物堵塞在管道中的堵塞形态，尤其是管道堵塞过程中水合物的截面轮廓研对于预防和去除水合物具有重大意义，因而，提供一种能够适应于管道堵塞过程中水合物的截面轮廓检测的装置显得尤为重要。At present, the research on the formation and flow of hydrates in pipelines is mainly disclosed in the prior art. However, the clogging form of hydrates in pipelines, especially the research on the cross-sectional profile of hydrates in the process of pipeline clogging is very important for prevention and removal. Hydrate is of great significance, therefore, it is particularly important to provide a device that can adapt to the cross-sectional profile detection of hydrate in the process of pipeline blockage.
超声波技术主要用于机械制造、工程建设、石油化工设备等领域，由信号发射、信号接收和波形显示三部份组成。其基本原理是通过超声波探头产生压电效应以发射、接收超声波。探头的核心元件是薄片状压电晶体，通常称为压电晶片。当高频电脉冲施加于探头时，激励压电晶片发生高频振动，产生超声波，经过反射后被接收电路接收，经示波器采集信号并输出接收波形，由此，可以应用超声波技术来测量海底天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓。Ultrasonic technology is mainly used in machinery manufacturing, engineering construction, petrochemical equipment and other fields. It consists of three parts: signal transmission, signal reception and waveform display. The basic principle is to generate piezoelectric effect through the ultrasonic probe to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves. The core element of the probe is a thin sheet of piezoelectric crystal, often called a piezo. When a high-frequency electric pulse is applied to the probe, the piezoelectric chip is excited to vibrate at high frequency to generate ultrasonic wave, which is received by the receiving circuit after reflection, and the signal is collected by the oscilloscope and the received waveform is output. Therefore, ultrasonic technology can be used to measure submarine natural gas Hydrate pipeline plugging section profile.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决超声波检测天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓的问题，本发明提出如下技术方案：In order to solve the problem of ultrasonically detecting the blockage section profile of natural gas hydrate pipelines, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:
一种天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓检测方法，待测管路外圆纵向位置安装声波探头，其与待测管路间距离可调，在待测管路外圆的起始位置，移动声波探头以调整声波探头与声波探头之间的距离，并对超声波信号进行连续采集，以得到声波探头的焦点到达水合物堵塞位置边界时探头发射端与管壁的垂直距离，用以确定待测管路该点处管路内水合物堵塞厚度。A method for detecting the blockage cross-section profile of a natural gas hydrate pipeline. An acoustic wave probe is installed at the longitudinal position of the outer circle of the pipeline to be tested, and the distance between it and the pipeline to be tested is adjustable. Probe to adjust the distance between the sonic probe and the sonic probe, and continuously collect the ultrasonic signal to obtain the vertical distance between the probe emitting end and the pipe wall when the focal point of the sonic probe reaches the boundary of the hydrate blockage position, to determine the tube wall to be tested. The thickness of hydrate blockage in the pipeline at this point.
进一步的，移动声波探头在外圆的位置，使得所述起始位置所在的待测管路的圆周被声波探头检测并得到整个圆周上各测量位置对应的管路内的水合物堵塞厚度，合成每一位置的水合物堵塞厚度，得到管路堵塞截面的轮廓曲线。Further, move the position of the acoustic wave probe on the outer circle so that the circumference of the pipeline to be tested where the initial position is located is detected by the acoustic wave probe and obtain the hydrate blockage thickness in the pipeline corresponding to each measurement position on the entire circumference, and synthesize each The thickness of the hydrate blockage at a position is obtained to obtain the contour curve of the blockage section of the pipeline.
进一步的，检测管路内水合物堵塞厚度的方法如下：Further, the method for detecting the thickness of hydrate blockage in the pipeline is as follows:
由公式(1)计算声波探头所在位置对应的管道内天然气水合物的堵塞厚度：The plugging thickness of natural gas hydrate in the pipeline corresponding to the location of the acoustic probe is calculated by the formula (1):
r＝D-R-s (1)r=D-R-s (1)
其中，r是管壁厚度，R是水合物堵塞的厚度，D是声波换能器焦距，s是声波探头的焦点到达水合物堵塞位置边界时声波探头发射端与管壁的垂直距离。Among them, r is the thickness of the pipe wall, R is the thickness of hydrate blockage, D is the focal length of the acoustic wave transducer, and s is the vertical distance between the transmitting end of the acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall when the focal point of the acoustic wave probe reaches the boundary of the hydrate blockage position.
进一步的，s的获取方法是：限定一个声波探头与管壁的起始距离，以该起始距离由声波探头发射超声波信号，并对反射声波信号采集，改变声波探头与管壁的距离，得到多组反射声波信号，其中，具有最大幅值的反射声波信号所对应的声波探头与管壁的距离即为s。Further, the acquisition method of s is: limit an initial distance between the acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall, transmit the ultrasonic signal by the acoustic wave probe at this initial distance, collect the reflected acoustic wave signal, change the distance between the acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall, and obtain Multiple sets of reflected acoustic wave signals, wherein the distance between the acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall corresponding to the reflected acoustic wave signal with the largest amplitude is s.
进一步的，对焦距D做出修正，修正公式如下：Further, a correction is made to the focal length D, and the correction formula is as follows:
其中，D0表示换能器的本征焦距，是换能器的固有属性，Vwater是声波在水中的传播速度，Vmedium是声波在实际介质中的传播速度。Among them, D 0 represents the intrinsic focal length of the transducer, which is the inherent property of the transducer, V water is the propagation speed of sound waves in water, and V medium is the propagation speed of sound waves in the actual medium.
进一步的，公式(2)表示如下：Further, formula (2) is expressed as follows:
其中，Vpipe。表示声波在管壁中的传播速度，Vhydtate是声波在水合物堵塞物中的传播速度，计算得到堵塞物的厚度：Among them, V pipe . Indicates the propagation velocity of the sound wave in the pipe wall, V hydtate is the propagation velocity of the sound wave in the hydrate blockage, and the thickness of the blockage is calculated as:
进一步的，对接收信号波形进行时域分析，t1，t2和t3分别表示管路外、内表面和堵塞界面处的声波反射信号到达时间，声波在天然气水合物中的传播时间表示为：Further, the received signal waveform is analyzed in time domain, t 1 , t 2 and t 3 respectively represent the arrival time of the acoustic wave reflection signal at the outer, inner surface and plugging interface of the pipeline, and the propagation time of the acoustic wave in the gas hydrate is expressed as :
Δt＝t3-t2 (5)Δt=t 3 -t 2 (5)
Vhydtate是声波在水合物堵塞物中的传播速度，r表示为：V hydtate is the propagation speed of sound wave in the hydrate plug, and r is expressed as:
一种实施天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓检测方法的装置，包括被可拆卸连接在待测管道的两个环形导轨、沿环形导轨移动的滑块、连接两个滑块的平衡杆及底座，所述底座被平衡杆固定在其上，并在底座安装有朝向待测管路的声波探头。A device for implementing a method for detecting the blockage cross-sectional profile of a natural gas hydrate pipeline, comprising two circular guide rails detachably connected to the pipeline to be tested, a slider moving along the circular guide rails, a balance bar and a base connecting the two sliders, The base is fixed on it by a balance bar, and an acoustic wave probe facing the pipeline to be tested is installed on the base.
进一步的，在所述滑块上安装有定位标尺，底座沿竖直方向在定位标尺上滑动，空心连接杆顶端与底座固定连接，空心连接杆的底端连接声波探头。Further, a positioning scale is installed on the slider, the base slides on the positioning scale in the vertical direction, the top end of the hollow connecting rod is fixedly connected to the base, and the bottom end of the hollow connecting rod is connected to the acoustic wave probe.
进一步的，所述的定位标尺包括与底座固定的支撑架和旋钮，支撑架上具有标尺刻度，旋钮具有螺纹，旋钮以螺纹连接将底座固定在支撑架的不同高度位置。Further, the positioning scale includes a support frame fixed to the base and a knob, the support frame has scale scales, the knob has threads, and the knobs are threaded to fix the base at different heights of the support frame.
有益效果：本发明的方法实现了确定待测管路该点处管路内水合物堵塞厚度，从而能够描述管道内的水合物轮廓。由于水合物管路堵塞分布位置和形状具有不确定性，想要较为准确的检测到其位置和轮廓，需要进行全面检测，本发明实现了可移动式的全面检测，能够配合超声波发射装置全面检测水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓。Beneficial effects: the method of the present invention realizes the determination of the hydrate blockage thickness in the pipeline at the point of the pipeline to be tested, so as to describe the hydrate profile in the pipeline. Due to the uncertainty of the distribution position and shape of the hydrate pipeline blockage, comprehensive detection is required to detect its position and contour more accurately. The invention realizes the movable comprehensive detection, which can cooperate with the ultrasonic emission device for comprehensive detection Hydrate pipeline plugging section profile.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1是本发明装置的三维结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of the device of the present invention.
图2是本发明装置导轨及滑块的安装示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of installation of guide rails and sliders of the device of the present invention.
图3是本发明装置侧视图。Fig. 3 is a side view of the device of the present invention.
图4是本发明装置是立体图。Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the device of the present invention.
图5是波形图。Figure 5 is a waveform diagram.
图6是不同声波探头与管壁距离下反射声波信号的比较图。Fig. 6 is a comparison diagram of reflected acoustic wave signals under different distances between the acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall.
其中：1.环形导轨 2.固定螺栓 3.待测管路 4.滑块 5.通孔 6.平衡杆 7.挡块8.底座 9.距离控制器 10.声波探头 11.旋钮 12.定位标尺 13.空心连接杆 14.探头固定夹具Among them: 1. Ring guide rail 2. Fixing bolt 3. Pipeline to be tested 4. Slider 5. Through hole 6. Balance bar 7. Block 8. Base 9. Distance controller 10. Acoustic probe 11. Knob 12. Positioning Ruler 13. Hollow connecting rod 14. Probe fixing fixture
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。所述实施例是为进一步描述本发明，而不是限制本发明。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the technical solutions and accompanying drawings. The examples are for further describing the present invention, not limiting the present invention.
如图4所示，移动非接触式天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓检测装置，主要包括被可拆卸连接在待测管道的两个环形导轨1、沿环形导轨1移动的滑块4、连接两个滑块4的平衡杆6及底座8，所述底座8被平衡杆6固定在其上，并在底座8安装有朝向待测管路3的声波探头10。在所述滑块4上安装有定位标尺12，底座8沿竖直方向在定位标尺12上滑动，空心连接杆13顶端与底座8固定连接，空心连接杆13的底端连接声波探头10。所述的定位标尺12包括与底座8固定的支撑架和旋钮11，支撑架上具有标尺刻度，旋钮11具有螺纹，旋钮11以螺纹连接将底座8固定在支撑架的不同高度位置。所述环形导轨1的上环面为滑块4滑行的导轨面。由环形导轨1的上环面向待测管路3方向延伸形成导轨板，导轨板的导轨面供滑块4滑行，所述导轨面为两导轨板相对的两个内侧面。所述的环形导轨1为半圆形导轨，在其上设置有用于将其固定在待测管道上的固定螺栓2。在所述半圆形导轨的终端安装有挡块7。在所述环形导轨1的导轨板贯穿开出通孔5，以配合螺栓将所述滑块4在某一时间固定在导轨板的某一位置。在环形导轨1上安装若干标示角度位置信息的标志位，所述的标志位在环形导轨1上呈均匀或不均匀分布。As shown in Figure 4, the mobile non-contact natural gas hydrate pipeline blockage section profile detection device mainly includes two circular guide rails 1 detachably connected to the pipeline to be tested, a slider 4 moving along the circular guide rails 1, and two ring guide rails connected to each other. A balance bar 6 and a base 8 of a slider 4, the base 8 is fixed thereon by the balance bar 6, and an acoustic wave probe 10 facing the pipeline 3 to be measured is installed on the base 8. A positioning scale 12 is installed on the slider 4, the base 8 slides on the positioning scale 12 along the vertical direction, the top of the hollow connecting rod 13 is fixedly connected with the base 8, and the bottom of the hollow connecting rod 13 is connected with the acoustic wave probe 10. The positioning scale 12 includes a support frame fixed with the base 8 and a knob 11, the support frame has a scale scale, the knob 11 has threads, and the knob 11 fixes the base 8 at different height positions of the support frame with screw connections. The upper ring surface of the annular guide rail 1 is the guide rail surface on which the slider 4 slides. The upper ring of the annular guide rail 1 extends in the direction of the pipeline 3 to be tested to form a guide rail plate. The guide rail surface of the guide rail plate is used for sliding the slider 4, and the guide rail surfaces are the two opposite inner surfaces of the two guide rail plates. The circular guide rail 1 is a semicircular guide rail, on which there are fixed bolts 2 for fixing it on the pipeline to be tested. A stopper 7 is installed at the terminal end of the semicircular guide rail. A through hole 5 is drilled through the guide rail plate of the annular guide rail 1 to fix the slider 4 on a certain position of the guide rail plate at a certain time by cooperating with bolts. A number of markers indicating angular position information are installed on the circular guide rail 1 , and the markers are evenly or unevenly distributed on the circular guide rail 1 .
由上述方案，环形导轨1为测量提供固定和定位的作用，导轨的两端各有一个固定螺栓2，通过调整两个固定螺栓2的旋进位置使导轨固定在待测管路3上，固定后，导轨不会发生移动，以保证测量时的准确定位。滑块4连接在环形导轨1上，可沿着环形导轨1在待测管路3周围进行自由移动，当移动至测量位置时可完成手动固定，开始测量。为了确定滑块4的角度位置，环形导轨1上设置有角度刻度。定位标尺12固定在滑块4上，作用是调节底座8与待测管路3之间的距离并同时进行测量，调节的方法是扭动标尺侧面的旋钮11。底座8固定在标尺上，作用是连接声波探头10与定位标尺12，通过移动和测量底座8的位置来间接得到声波探头10的位置，从而使得声波探头10与管壁的距离可以被调整，其调整的目的是为了找到一个位置信息，即找到一个所述距离，该距离下，声波探头焦点是否达到天然气水合物堵塞位置边界，即反射声波信号的幅值和强度最大。底座8上连有空心连接杆13，用于连接声波探头10以及疏导声波探头10尾部的接线。连接杆的前端连有固定夹具，用于将声波探头10进行固定，在测量时，也可方便的对探头进行更换。According to the above scheme, the circular guide rail 1 provides fixing and positioning functions for the measurement. There is a fixing bolt 2 at each end of the guide rail. By adjusting the screw-in position of the two fixing bolts 2, the guide rail is fixed on the pipeline 3 to be measured, and the fixed After that, the guide rail will not move to ensure accurate positioning during measurement. The slider 4 is connected to the circular guide rail 1, and can move freely around the pipeline 3 to be tested along the circular guide rail 1. When it moves to the measurement position, it can be fixed manually and start the measurement. In order to determine the angular position of the slider 4 , an angular scale is provided on the ring guide rail 1 . The positioning scale 12 is fixed on the slide block 4, and its function is to adjust the distance between the base 8 and the pipeline 3 to be measured and measure at the same time. The adjustment method is to twist the knob 11 on the side of the scale. The base 8 is fixed on the scale, and its function is to connect the acoustic wave probe 10 and the positioning scale 12. The position of the acoustic wave probe 10 can be obtained indirectly by moving and measuring the position of the base 8, so that the distance between the acoustic wave probe 10 and the pipe wall can be adjusted. The purpose of the adjustment is to find a position information, that is, to find a distance at which the focal point of the acoustic wave probe reaches the boundary of the gas hydrate blockage, that is, the amplitude and intensity of the reflected acoustic wave signal are maximum. The base 8 is connected with a hollow connecting rod 13 for connecting the sonic probe 10 and guiding the wiring at the tail of the sonic probe 10 . The front end of the connecting rod is connected with a fixing fixture for fixing the acoustic wave probe 10, and the probe can also be easily replaced during measurement.
由上述，本发明提供了一种海底天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓检测装置。其采用便携式可拆卸开口钳座(即环形导轨1)，可安装定位在待测管路3外圆任何纵向位置。采用单发单收式声波探头，基于超声波在不同介质中波速和传播时间的差异，通过对声信号的反演计算确定圆周每一点处管路内水合物堵塞厚度。其控制滑块4围绕管路移动，可检测并记录360度圆周内的管内堵塞轮廓。该装置弥补了现有技术无法配合超声波装置便捷式测量管路内水合物堵塞截面轮廓的局限，并为油气管道安全运输提供了新的检测和安全预防手段。Based on the above, the present invention provides a device for detecting the blockage cross-sectional profile of a subsea natural gas hydrate pipeline. It adopts a portable detachable opening clamp seat (that is, the ring guide rail 1), which can be installed and positioned at any longitudinal position on the outer circle of the pipeline 3 to be tested. Using a single-shot, single-receive acoustic wave probe, based on the difference in wave velocity and propagation time of ultrasonic waves in different media, the inversion calculation of the acoustic signal is used to determine the thickness of hydrate blockage in the pipeline at each point of the circumference. Its control slider 4 moves around the pipeline, which can detect and record the blockage profile in the pipeline within a 360-degree circle. The device makes up for the limitation that the existing technology cannot cooperate with the ultrasonic device to conveniently measure the cross-sectional profile of hydrate blockage in the pipeline, and provides a new detection and safety prevention method for the safe transportation of oil and gas pipelines.
本装置超声波装置测量管路内水合物堵塞截面轮廓的工作原理是：声波探头发射超声波垂直入射管路表面，由于在大多数情况下，管路内水合物堵塞物的形态呈现贴近内壁面的生长方式，因此超声波通过管路内壁后会直接射入水合物堵塞物内，在到达堵塞物与管路内输送天然气的气-固界面处发生反射，反射信号通过原路径返回至接收端，接收到的信号经过分析处理可得到在完整的传播过程中，声波在各相介质内的传播时间和行程，由此判断出在超声波通过的路径上水合物堵塞物的厚度。在这个过程中，声波会在管路内表面与水合物堵塞物的固-固接触面上发生反射，这个反射通常十分强烈，并依赖于水合物堵塞物与管路的接触紧密程度，会对接收信号产生极大的干扰，因此，对于现有技术所使用的接触式超声波测厚方法无法实现对目标信号的准确判断。本发明采用的移动式非接触超声波测量方法突破了原有超声波测厚仅采用波形时域分析的局限，通过幅值分析与时域分析相结合的方法，能更加准确的锁定目标信号，进而计算出管路内的水合物堵塞轮廓。该装置与方法打破了原有管路堵塞检测方法仅能依靠压力波和超声波在管内沿输运方向传播的局限，弥补了现有技术仅能大致判断堵塞位置无法确定堵塞截面轮廓的不足。The working principle of the ultrasonic device of this device to measure the cross-sectional profile of hydrate blockage in the pipeline is: the ultrasonic probe emits ultrasonic waves perpendicular to the surface of the pipeline, because in most cases, the shape of the hydrate blockage in the pipeline appears to grow close to the inner wall surface Therefore, after the ultrasonic wave passes through the inner wall of the pipeline, it will be directly injected into the hydrate blockage, and will be reflected at the gas-solid interface between the blockage and the natural gas transported in the pipeline, and the reflected signal will return to the receiving end through the original path, and the received After analysis and processing of the signal, the propagation time and distance of the sound wave in each phase medium can be obtained during the complete propagation process, so as to determine the thickness of the hydrate blockage on the path through which the ultrasonic wave passes. During this process, the sound wave will be reflected on the solid-solid contact surface between the inner surface of the pipeline and the hydrate blockage. This reflection is usually very strong and depends on the close contact between the hydrate blockage and the pipeline. The received signal generates great interference, therefore, the contact ultrasonic thickness measuring method used in the prior art cannot realize accurate judgment on the target signal. The mobile non-contact ultrasonic measurement method adopted in the present invention breaks through the limitations of the original ultrasonic thickness measurement that only uses waveform time-domain analysis. Through the method of combining amplitude analysis and time-domain analysis, the target signal can be more accurately locked, and then calculated Hydrate blockage profile in the exit line. The device and method break the limitation that the original pipeline blockage detection method can only rely on pressure waves and ultrasonic waves propagating along the transport direction in the pipe, and make up for the shortcomings of the prior art that can only roughly judge the blockage position but cannot determine the blockage cross-sectional profile.
如图2所示，在对管路堵塞进行测量时，先将两条环形导轨1通过固定螺栓2套在待测管路3堵塞位置。通过调整两个固定螺栓2的扭动距离尽可能使待测管路3处于两条平行导轨的几何中心处。此处的固定螺栓2设计可根据待测管路3的需求，不受管路尺寸的限制。导轨上的滑块4可以在导轨上绕待测管路3自由滑动，当滑块4滑动到需要测量的位置时，可以用螺栓穿入通孔5将滑块4的位置固定，这样使声波探头10在测量某一固定位置的堵塞厚度时，不会因为滑块4的轻微移动造成对接收信号的干扰。通孔5对称均匀的分布在两条环形导轨1上，两个滑块4通过平衡杆6相连，在绕管路滑动的过程中，两个滑块4能确保同步且与导轨垂直，这样可以保证声波探头10可以一直对准管路的轴心，不会偏离。在导轨的两端各设置有一个挡块7，防止滑块4脱离导轨。整个滑动轨迹覆盖管路圆周180度，每次完成一个完整的360度圆周测量需要拆卸一次，也可以采用两套设备相互配合，这样更有利于节省时间，提高测量效率。在滑动起始点和终点之间设置了若干个标志位，这些标志位均匀分布。当滑块4移动到任意位置时，都能获得相应的角度位置信息。声波探头10通过底座8与平衡杆6相连，由此根据单发单收探头接收到的声信号来判断管路内的堵塞截面信息。As shown in FIG. 2 , when measuring pipeline blockage, two ring-shaped guide rails 1 are set on the blocked position of the pipeline 3 to be measured through fixing bolts 2 . By adjusting the twisting distance of the two fixing bolts 2, the pipeline 3 to be tested is located at the geometric center of the two parallel guide rails as much as possible. The fixing bolt 2 here can be designed according to the requirements of the pipeline 3 to be tested, and is not limited by the size of the pipeline. The slider 4 on the guide rail can freely slide around the pipeline 3 to be tested on the guide rail. When the slider 4 slides to the position that needs to be measured, the position of the slider 4 can be fixed by passing through the through hole 5 with a bolt, so that the sound wave When the probe 10 measures the blockage thickness at a certain fixed position, the slight movement of the slider 4 will not interfere with the received signal. The through holes 5 are evenly distributed on the two circular guide rails 1, and the two sliders 4 are connected by a balance bar 6. During the sliding process around the pipeline, the two sliders 4 can ensure synchronization and be perpendicular to the guide rails, so that It is ensured that the acoustic wave probe 10 can always be aligned with the axis of the pipeline without deviation. A block 7 is respectively arranged at both ends of the guide rail to prevent the slide block 4 from breaking away from the guide rail. The entire sliding track covers 180 degrees of the pipeline circumference, and it needs to be disassembled once to complete a complete 360-degree circumference measurement. Two sets of equipment can also be used to cooperate with each other, which is more conducive to saving time and improving measurement efficiency. Several flags are set between the sliding start point and the end point, and these flags are evenly distributed. When the slider 4 moves to any position, the corresponding angular position information can be obtained. The acoustic wave probe 10 is connected to the balance pole 6 through the base 8, thereby judging the blockage section information in the pipeline according to the acoustic signal received by the single-shot, single-receive probe.
可以通过底座8带动探头的均匀移动对声信号进行连续采集，根据探头焦距的大小设置底座8的移动距离范围。实例中采用的是聚焦4.2英寸频率为5MHz的声波探头，设置移动距离范围是4.2英寸，起始位置与管路壁厚有关，为确保采样的准确性，每次测量底座8带动探头由起点开始至少往复运动一次，采样结束后，移动滑块4至下一测量点重复上一步测量，完成整个圆周的测量需要合成每一点的测量信息，画出管路堵塞截面的360度轮廓曲线。因此，测量点设置的越多，获得的堵塞轮廓点位越多，拟合获得的轮廓越准确。理论上无法无限次测量管路内圆周的每一点的堵塞信息，测量点位越多，所需时间越长，实际测量次数需要根据具体情况进行综合考虑。The base 8 can drive the probe to move uniformly to continuously collect the acoustic signal, and the range of the base 8's moving distance can be set according to the focal length of the probe. In the example, a sonic probe with a focusing frequency of 4.2 inches and a frequency of 5 MHz is used. The set moving distance range is 4.2 inches. The starting position is related to the wall thickness of the pipeline. In order to ensure the accuracy of sampling, each measurement base 8 drives the probe to start from the starting point At least one reciprocating movement. After the sampling is completed, move the slider 4 to the next measurement point and repeat the previous step of measurement. To complete the measurement of the entire circumference, it is necessary to synthesize the measurement information of each point and draw the 360-degree contour curve of the blocked section of the pipeline. Therefore, the more measurement points are set, the more points of the blockage contour are obtained, and the more accurate the contour obtained by fitting is. Theoretically, it is impossible to measure the clogging information of every point of the inner circumference of the pipeline infinitely. The more measurement points, the longer the time required. The actual number of measurements needs to be comprehensively considered according to the specific situation.
上述方案的海底天然气水合物管路堵塞截面轮廓检测装置，其包括了声波探头10、移动式测量底座8和环形可拆卸导轨，其中声波探头10连接测量底座8，由标志位实时给出测量位置、由定位标尺12给出探头与管道之间的距离；底座8由定位标尺12间接与滑块4相互连接并滑块4移动，滑块4安装在环形导轨1上，最后将环形导轨1固定在待测量管路上。此外，滑块4可沿环形导轨1绕待测管路3旋转，通过调整导轨的固定位置，可实现对管路内360度检测，绕管路移动的同时测量和记录待测管路3堵塞轮廓曲线信息。The device for detecting the blockage section profile of the subsea natural gas hydrate pipeline of the above scheme includes an acoustic wave probe 10, a mobile measuring base 8 and a ring-shaped detachable guide rail, wherein the acoustic wave probe 10 is connected to the measuring base 8, and the measurement position is given in real time by the marking position 1. The distance between the probe and the pipeline is given by the positioning scale 12; the base 8 is indirectly connected to the slider 4 by the positioning scale 12 and the slider 4 moves. The slider 4 is installed on the ring guide rail 1, and finally the ring guide rail 1 is fixed. on the pipeline to be measured. In addition, the slider 4 can rotate around the pipeline 3 to be tested along the circular guide rail 1. By adjusting the fixed position of the guide rail, a 360-degree detection in the pipeline can be realized, and the blockage of the pipeline 3 to be tested can be measured and recorded while moving around the pipeline. Profile curve information.
该检测装置可简单方便的安装在待测量管路纵向的任何位置。无需外接管路，能在不破坏管路结构的情况下快速测量堵塞截面轮廓。便携式的装置构造，半圆形的滑道设计可实现快速拆卸。便于轮廓曲线数据的处理和连接合成，完成对待测量钢管横截面的完整轮廓测量。该装置可无视管路内的工况，如高压条件，可在管路工作状态下实现堵塞截面轮廓的测量。The detection device can be easily and conveniently installed at any position in the longitudinal direction of the pipeline to be measured. There is no need to connect external pipelines, and the blockage cross-sectional profile can be quickly measured without damaging the pipeline structure. Portable device structure, semi-circular slideway design can realize quick disassembly. It facilitates the processing and connection synthesis of contour curve data, and completes the complete contour measurement of the cross-section of the steel pipe to be measured. The device can ignore the working conditions in the pipeline, such as high-pressure conditions, and can realize the measurement of the blockage section profile under the working condition of the pipeline.
作为进一步的方案，本装置组装及测量步骤如下：As a further solution, the assembly and measurement steps of the device are as follows:
第一步，先将两条环形导轨1通过固定螺栓2套在待测管路3堵塞位置。通过调整两个固定螺栓2的扭动距离尽可能使待测管路3处于两条平行导轨的几何中心处。In the first step, the two ring-shaped guide rails 1 are set on the blocked position of the pipeline 3 to be tested through the fixing bolts 2 . By adjusting the twisting distance of the two fixing bolts 2, the pipeline 3 to be tested is located at the geometric center of the two parallel guide rails as much as possible.
第二步，将滑块4移至环形导轨1的起始端，两个滑块4应保证上下对齐，这样可以保证声波探头10可以一直对准管路的轴心，不会偏离。In the second step, the slider 4 is moved to the starting end of the circular guide rail 1, and the two sliders 4 should be aligned up and down, so that the acoustic wave probe 10 can always be aligned with the axis of the pipeline without deviation.
第三步，用螺栓穿入通孔5将滑块4的位置固定，不要使声波探头10在测量某一固定位置的堵塞厚度时，发生轻微移动而造成对接收信号的干扰。固定后，记录相应的角度位置信息The third step is to fix the position of the slider 4 by penetrating the through hole 5 with a bolt, so as not to cause the acoustic wave probe 10 to move slightly when measuring the blockage thickness at a fixed position and cause interference to the received signal. After fixing, record the corresponding angle position information
第四步，调整探头距管外壁的距离，由于本实施例中采用的是聚焦4.2英寸的超声波探头10，因此先调整探头距管外壁距离为4.2英寸，并以此作为每次测量的起始位置。The fourth step is to adjust the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the pipe. Since the ultrasonic probe 10 with a focus of 4.2 inches is used in this embodiment, the distance between the probe and the outer wall of the pipe is adjusted to be 4.2 inches, and this is used as the starting point for each measurement Location.
第五步，连接声波换能器，声波发生器和示波器的接线。本发明中的声波探头包括声波发生器和声波换能器，声波即为超声波。The fifth step is to connect the wiring of the acoustic wave transducer, acoustic wave generator and oscilloscope. The acoustic wave probe in the present invention includes an acoustic wave generator and an acoustic wave transducer, and the acoustic wave is ultrasonic wave.
第六步，开始测量，打开声波换能器开关，观察示波器中的波形，此时反射最强信号应该来自于管外壁的反射。逐渐向靠近待测管路3的方向移动声波探头，同时记录移动距离并观察波形变化情况。往复移动一次后即可确定目标信号的位置，精确记录该位置信息。The sixth step is to start the measurement. Turn on the switch of the acoustic wave transducer and observe the waveform in the oscilloscope. At this time, the strongest reflection signal should come from the reflection of the outer wall of the tube. Gradually move the acoustic wave probe closer to the pipeline 3 to be tested, record the moving distance and observe the change of the waveform at the same time. After reciprocating once, the position of the target signal can be determined, and the position information can be recorded accurately.
第七步，将滑块4移至环形导轨1的下一测量点并重复步骤三至步骤六。The seventh step is to move the slider 4 to the next measurement point of the ring guide rail 1 and repeat steps 3 to 6.
第八步，将位置信息进行计算后，得到测量的每一点的堵塞轮廓，连接这些点就可画出管路堵塞截面的360度轮廓曲线。测量点设置的越多，获得的堵塞轮廓点位越多，画出的堵塞轮廓越准确。理论上无法无限次测量管路内圆周的每一点的堵塞信息，测量点位越多，所需时间越长，实际测量次数需要根据具体情况进行综合考虑。In the eighth step, after calculating the position information, the blockage profile of each point measured is obtained, and the 360-degree profile curve of the blockage section of the pipeline can be drawn by connecting these points. The more measurement points are set, the more points of the blockage contour are obtained, and the more accurate the blockage contour is drawn. Theoretically, it is impossible to measure the clogging information of every point of the inner circumference of the pipeline infinitely. The more measurement points, the longer the time required. The actual number of measurements needs to be comprehensively considered according to the specific situation.
对于第八步中，采用幅值分析与时域分析相结合方法对堵塞厚度计算方法如下：For the eighth step, the calculation method of the plugging thickness is as follows:
幅值分析方法：聚焦探头有在焦点处增强反射信号的功能，当声波探头10在移动以调整其与管壁距离的过程中，明显发现反射信号幅值增强时，可以通过公式(1)的计算方法获得该处的堵塞厚度：Amplitude analysis method: the focusing probe has the function of enhancing the reflection signal at the focal point. When the acoustic wave probe 10 is moving to adjust its distance from the pipe wall, when it is obviously found that the amplitude of the reflection signal is enhanced, the formula (1) can be used The calculation method obtains the plugging thickness at this place:
r＝D-R-s (1)r=D-R-s (1)
其中，r是管壁厚度，R是水合物堵塞的厚度，D是声波换能器焦距，s是声波探头的焦点到达水合物堵塞位置边界时探头发射端与管壁的垂直距离。Among them, r is the thickness of the pipe wall, R is the thickness of the hydrate blockage, D is the focal length of the acoustic wave transducer, and s is the vertical distance between the probe transmitter and the pipe wall when the focal point of the acoustic wave probe reaches the boundary of the hydrate blockage position.
其中，如图6所示，s的获取方法是：限定一个声波探头与管壁的起始距离，以该起始距离由声波探头发射超声波信号，并对反射声波信号采集；改变声波探头与管壁的距离，并得到多组反射声波信号，其中，具有最大幅值的反射声波信号所对应的声波探头与管壁的距离，即为探头的焦点到达水合物堵塞位置边界的距离，在此距离声波探头发射超声波信号，则反射声波信号的强度最大，s即是该距离。Wherein, as shown in Fig. 6, the acquisition method of s is: limit the initial distance of an acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall, transmit the ultrasonic signal by the acoustic wave probe with this initial distance, and collect the reflected acoustic wave signal; change the acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall The distance from the wall, and multiple sets of reflected acoustic wave signals are obtained. Among them, the distance between the acoustic wave probe and the pipe wall corresponding to the reflected acoustic wave signal with the largest amplitude is the distance from the focal point of the probe to the boundary of the hydrate blockage position. When the ultrasonic probe emits ultrasonic signals, the intensity of the reflected acoustic signal is the largest, and s is the distance.
考虑在测试的过程中，声波在水、管道的外壁和水合物等不同的传播介质中的速度不同，焦点距离D将会随着探头的移动而发生变化。所以需要对焦距D做出修正，修正公式如下：Considering that during the test, the speed of the sound wave is different in different propagation media such as water, the outer wall of the pipeline, and hydrate, the focal distance D will change with the movement of the probe. Therefore, it is necessary to make corrections to the focal length D, and the correction formula is as follows:
其中，D0表示换能器的本征焦距，是换能器的固有属性，Vwater是声波在水中的传播速度，Vmedium是声波在实际介质中的传播速度。而对于本实验而言，公式(2)可表示如下：Among them, D 0 represents the intrinsic focal length of the transducer, which is the inherent property of the transducer, V water is the propagation speed of sound waves in water, and V medium is the propagation speed of sound waves in the actual medium. For this experiment, formula (2) can be expressed as follows:
其中，Vpipe表示声波在管壁中的传播速度，Vhydtate是声波在水合物堵塞物中的传播速度，它们都是已知的，所以可根据计算得到堵塞物的厚度：Among them, V pipe represents the propagation velocity of the sound wave in the pipe wall, and V hydtate is the propagation velocity of the sound wave in the hydrate blockage. They are all known, so the thickness of the blockage can be calculated according to:
时域分析方法：但是在很多情况下，无法通过移动幅值分析方法直接计算得出堵塞厚度，例如管壁面厚度过大，此时要对接收信号波形进行时域分析。波形图如图5，t1，t2和t3分别表示管路外、内表面和堵塞界面处的反射到达时间，因此，声波在水合物中的传播时间可表示为：Time-domain analysis method: However, in many cases, the blockage thickness cannot be directly calculated by the moving amplitude analysis method. For example, the wall thickness of the pipe is too large. At this time, time-domain analysis of the received signal waveform is required. The waveform diagram is shown in Fig. 5, t 1 , t 2 and t 3 represent the reflection arrival time at the outer surface, inner surface and plugging interface of the pipeline respectively. Therefore, the propagation time of sound wave in hydrate can be expressed as:
Δt＝t3-t2 (5)Δt=t 3 -t 2 (5)
当Vhydrate已知，则r可表示为：When V hydrate is known, r can be expressed as:
以上所述，仅为本发明创造较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明创造的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明创造披露的技术范围内，根据本发明创造的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明创造的保护范围之内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any person familiar with the technical field within the technical scope of the disclosure of the present invention, according to the present invention Any equivalent replacement or change of the created technical solution and its inventive concept shall be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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