CN109280486A - 一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法 - Google Patents

一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法 Download PDF

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CN109280486A
CN109280486A CN201811063459.0A CN201811063459A CN109280486A CN 109280486 A CN109280486 A CN 109280486A CN 201811063459 A CN201811063459 A CN 201811063459A CN 109280486 A CN109280486 A CN 109280486A
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龙禹
冯伟
张鹏
祁晖
王健
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Taizhou Power Supply Co of Jiangsu Electric Power Co
Taizhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于电网除冰技术领域，尤其涉及一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法。基于本方法获得的涂层获得具有优秀的的超疏水性能与成膜性能，涂层具防雨凇覆冰能力。在表面温度‑5℃，环境湿度99％的条件下，涂层表面的结霜时间为普通玻璃片表面的7.6倍。环境温度为‑5℃时能延缓绝缘子的雨凇覆冰，阻止覆冰形成完整冰层，相对普通绝缘子冰棱长度缩短49％，冰闪电压相对普通绝缘子串提高24％；在‑5℃的环境中雨凇覆冰90min后，超疏水玻璃片表面仍然有17％的面积保持无覆冰状态，垂直和剪切覆冰粘结强度分别降低83.3％和87.2％。

Description

一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法
技术领域
本发明属于电网除冰技术领域，尤其涉及一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法。
背景技术
绝缘子串结冰后形成贯穿整串的冰柱，当气温回升到摄氏零度以上时冰柱开始融化，融化的冰水顺着悬垂绝缘子串边缘下淌，形成连续的冰水溜，冰水溜的形成就可能造成绝缘子短路跳闸发生停电事故。在我国中南部，气温在摄氏负三度至零度并且有雨夹雪气候下，绝缘子串也很容易结冰形成冰柱。冰柱融化时同样很容易引起事故。
发明内容
本发明创造的目的在于，提供一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法，该方法步骤简单，操作方便，可以对现有的玻璃材质绝缘子进行统一处理，是现有的玻璃绝缘子获得防冰能力。
为实现上述目的，本发明创造采用如下技术方案。
本发明的一种在玻璃绝缘子表面构建防冰涂层的方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将玻璃绝缘子用脱脂纱布分别蘸洗衣粉水，去离子水和无水乙醇清洗表面，再用去离子水和无水乙醇冲洗干净；将洗净的玻璃绝缘子放入90℃的鼓风干燥箱中干燥60-120min直至水分蒸发干净；
步骤二、在搅拌装置内加入疏水性二氧化硅和乙酸乙酯；
步骤三、以700r/min的转速搅拌5min，以99W的超声功率在超声波清洗器中分散5min-10min，然后加入5-10份的氟硅树脂，700r/min的转速搅拌5min后再以99W的超声功率在超声波清洗器中分散5-10min，最后加入5-8份环氧树脂和固化剂，仍然以相同的参数搅拌和超声分散，最后得到分散均匀的混合溶液；
步骤四、采用喷涂法制备涂层，将玻璃绝缘子固定并倾斜45度；将配制好的混合溶液倒入喷枪，调整喷枪压力为0.4MPa，喷枪的喷嘴与待喷涂表面垂直，喷嘴的中心与玻璃绝缘子相距25cm；测试喷枪气流，待气流稳定以2cm/s的速度往一个方向移动，旋转玻璃绝缘子直至整个表面喷涂均匀，整个过程重复5次；然后将玻璃绝缘子正面朝下，喷嘴呈45°向下对准玻璃绝缘子伞群边缘，按照正面喷涂的流程对伞群边缘进行喷涂；
将喷涂后的载玻片和玻璃绝缘子在室温条件下干燥10min，然后放入鼓风干燥箱。
具体的，所述步骤二中的疏水性二氧化硅，是由单层有机链修饰的纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化硅粒径15-25nm，比面积120±20m2/g，表观密度0.1g/ml。
具体的，所述步骤三中环氧树脂为6份，环氧树脂由双酚A型环氧树脂与乙二醇二缩水甘油醚组成，其环氧值为0.54-0.6当量/100环氧树脂的质量6份，由双酚A型环氧树脂与乙二醇二缩水甘油醚组成，环氧值0.54-0.6当量/100g；粘度700-1100mPass，密度为1.13-1.17g；粘度700-1100mPass，密度为1.13-1.17g/cm3。
具体的，本发明的一种在玻璃绝缘子表面构建防冰涂层的方法，获得的涂层获得具有优秀的的超疏水性能与成膜性能，表面均匀分布的蜂巢状结构对疏水性能优化起到关键作用，涂层其静态角可以达到163.1°，接触角滞后可以达到4.9°，滚动角可以达到4.1°，疏水性能与荷叶接近。在经过酸碱腐蚀、水流冲击、沙子冲击和砂纸摩擦后保持较好的疏水稳定性。涂层具防雨凇覆冰能力。在表面温度-5℃，环境湿度99％的条件下，涂层表面的结霜时间为普通玻璃片表面的7.6倍。环境温度为-5℃时能延缓绝缘子的雨凇覆冰，阻止覆冰形成完整冰层，相对普通绝缘子冰棱长度缩短49％，冰闪电压相对普通绝缘子串提高24％；在-5℃的环境中雨凇覆冰90min后，超疏水玻璃片表面仍然有17％的面积保持无覆冰状态，垂直和剪切覆冰粘结强度分别降低83.3％和87.2％。
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具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明创造作详细说明。
本发明提出了一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法，包括
步骤一、将玻璃绝缘子用脱脂纱布分别蘸洗衣粉水，去离子水和无水乙醇清洗至少一次，再用去离子水和无水乙醇冲洗至少一次；将洗净的玻璃绝缘子放入90℃的鼓风干燥箱中干燥60min；
步骤二、在搅拌装置内加入疏水性二氧化硅和乙酸乙酯；
步骤三、以700r/min的转速搅拌5min，以99W的超声功率在超声波清洗器中分散5min-10min，然后加入5-10份的氟硅树脂，700r/min的转速搅拌5min后再以99W的超声功率在超声波清洗器中分散5-10min，最后加入5-8份环氧树脂和固化剂，仍然以相同的参数搅拌和超声分散，最后得到分散均匀的混合溶液；
步骤四、采用喷涂法制备涂层，将玻璃绝缘子固定并倾斜45度；将配制好的混合溶液倒入喷枪，调整喷枪压力为0.4MPa，喷枪的喷嘴与待喷涂表面垂直，喷嘴的中心与玻璃绝缘子相距25cm；测试喷枪气流，待气流稳定以2cm/s的速度往一个方向移动，旋转玻璃绝缘子直至整个表面喷涂均匀，整个过程重复5次；然后将玻璃绝缘子正面朝下，喷嘴呈45°向下对准玻璃绝缘子伞群边缘，按照正面喷涂的流程对伞群边缘进行喷涂；
步骤五、将喷涂后的载玻片和玻璃绝缘子在室温条件下干燥10min，然后放入鼓风干燥箱
具体而言，环氧树脂的质量6份，由双酚A型环氧树脂与乙二醇二缩水甘油醚组成，环氧值0.54-0.6当量/100g；粘度700-1100mPass，密度为1.13-1.17g/cm3；
具体而言，疏水性二氧化硅为单层有机链修饰的纳米二氧化硅，粒径15-25nm，比面积120±20m2/g，表观密度0.1g/ml
所述疏水性二氧化硅由纳米二氧化硅粒子以及填料组成，此处使用不同纳米粒子含量的填料以获取含有不同纳米粒子含量以及不同纳米粒子种类的固化涂层进行对比：在具体实施过程中可以使用下列比例的填料与输水二氧化硅粒子进行组合以产生不同纳米粒子含量的原料；包括：
A填料SiO2(2μm):SiO2(15～25nm)＝1.0:0；
B填料SiO2(2μm):SiO2(15～25nm)＝0.5:0.5；
C填料SiO2(15～25nm):TiO2(60nm)＝0.7:0.3；
D填料SiO2(15～25nm):CaCO3(60nm)＝0.5:0.5；
E填料CaCO3(3μm):CaCO3(60nm)＝0.5:0.5；
使用上述填料与输水二氧化硅组合得到纳米离子含量分别为5％、10％、20％、40％、60％的五中涂层进行检测对比，得到表1和表2如下：
表1纳米粒子含量对涂层疏水性能的影响
纳米粒子含量 静态角(°) 接触角滞后(°) 滚动角(°)
5％ 125.3 37.4 ＞90
10％ 143.0 6.1 11.8
20％ 153.6 7.8 34.3
40％ 163.1 4.9 4.1
60％ 167.6 1.2 2.2
表2粒子种类与级配对涂层疏水性能的影响
由表1中可知，随着纳米粒子含量的增加，疏水性能呈逐渐增加的趋势，静态角从125.3°逐渐增加为167.6°，接触角滞后从37.4减小为1.2°，滚动角从大于90°降低到2.2°。其中纳米粒子含量为5％与10％的涂层为疏水涂层，纳米粒子含量为20％、40％与60％的涂层为超疏水涂层。总体上纳米粒子含量越多，涂层的疏水性能越好。但从显微镜观察60％的涂层表面出现大量龟裂，成膜性能较差，在绝缘子表面形成的涂层结构难以保持完整有效，因此纳米粒子含量为40％的涂层最优。因此，以含有40％的纳米SiO2的涂层为最优数据。
由表2可知，采用纳米SiO2含量为40％的涂层的疏水性能仍然为最优。涂层B相对于涂层其静态角降低9.6％且滚动角增加229％，并且已经不属于超疏水表面，说明通过微米级与纳米级SiO2的混合形成的涂层疏水性能不如单一的纳米SiO2形成的涂层。涂层C与涂层D相对于涂层其静态角分别降低6.4％与3.4％，且滚动角分别增加56％与5％，说明其他种类的纳米粒子(TiO2与纳米CaCO3)与纳米SiO2的混合形成的涂层疏水性能也不如单一的纳米级SiO2形成的涂层，且含纳米TiO2的涂层C疏水性能相对更差。涂层E相对于涂层A其静态角降低15.6％且滚动角增加32％，说明微米CaCO3与纳米CaCO3混合形成的涂层疏水性能较差。综合对纳米粒子含量、种类与级配的调控情况可以看出，单一的纳米级SiO2形成的涂层疏水效果最好，因此纳米SiO2占40％的涂层作为最优。
分析40％纳米粒子含量的超疏水涂层和普通玻璃片的疏水性能可以发现，水滴在普通玻璃表面铺张开来，固液接触面积大，水滴不能从表面脱离；而水滴在超疏水涂层表面呈完美的球状，在表面倾斜较小的角度时能从表面滚落，有利于表面的防冰。
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明创造的技术方案，而非对本发明创造保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明创造作详细地说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明创造的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明创造技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、将玻璃绝缘子用脱脂纱布分别蘸洗衣粉水，去离子水和无水乙醇清洗表面，再用去离子水和无水乙醇冲洗干净；将洗净的玻璃绝缘子放入90℃的鼓风干燥箱中干燥60-120min直至水分蒸发干净；
步骤二、在搅拌装置内加入疏水性二氧化硅和乙酸乙酯；
步骤三、以700r/min的转速搅拌5min，以99W的超声功率在超声波清洗器中分散5min-10min，然后加入5-10份的氟硅树脂，700r/min的转速搅拌5min后再以99W的超声功率在超声波清洗器中分散5-10min，最后加入5-8份环氧树脂和固化剂，仍然以相同的参数搅拌和超声分散，最后得到分散均匀的混合溶液；
步骤四、采用喷涂法制备涂层，将玻璃绝缘子固定并倾斜45度；将配制好的混合溶液倒入喷枪，调整喷枪压力为0.4MPa，喷枪的喷嘴与待喷涂表面垂直，喷嘴的中心与玻璃绝缘子相距25cm；测试喷枪气流，待气流稳定以2cm/s的速度往一个方向移动，旋转玻璃绝缘子直至整个表面喷涂均匀，整个过程重复5次；然后将玻璃绝缘子正面朝下，喷嘴呈45°向下对准玻璃绝缘子伞群边缘，按照正面喷涂的流程对伞群边缘进行喷涂；
将喷涂后的载玻片和玻璃绝缘子在室温条件下干燥10min，然后放入鼓风干燥箱。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中的疏水性二氧化硅，是由单层有机链修饰的纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化硅粒径15-25nm，比面积120±20m2/g，表观密度0.1g/ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中环氧树脂为6份，环氧树脂由双酚A型环氧树脂与乙二醇二缩水甘油醚组成，其环氧值为0.54-0.6当量/100环氧树脂的质量6份，由双酚A型环氧树脂与乙二醇二缩水甘油醚组成，环氧值0.54-0.6当量/100g；粘度700-1100mPass，密度为1.13-1.17g；粘度700-1100mPass，密度为1.13-1.17g/cm3。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种绝缘子防冰涂层构建方法，其特征在于，所述防冰涂层中纳米二氧化硅粒子的含量为40％。
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