CN109280441A - 一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料 - Google Patents
一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料包括:硅丙乳液、水性聚氨酯乳液、醇酸树脂、糠醇树脂、氮羟甲基树脂、含硼阻燃剂、磷酸二氢铵、埃洛石纳米管、石墨烯、纳米竹炭、蛭石、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅、聚醚醚酮、3‑碘‑2‑丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯、壳聚糖、植物精油、氨基硅油、成膜助剂、助剂、水。本发明提出的竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其与竹材的粘结力强,阻燃性、耐磨性和防霉性能优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及竹材技术领域,尤其涉及一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料。
背景技术
竹子作为重要的森林资源之一,具有坚韧、抗压、抗拉等特点,而且还有生长快、产量大、来源广泛、价格低廉的优点,目前已被广泛用于制作家具、地板、工艺品等。但是竹材在加工、贮存、运输和使用过程中易发生霉变腐朽。现有方法中往往在竹制品表面涂覆涂料来提供防护措施,然而现有的涂料耐磨性不是很理想、阻燃性能欠佳,限制了其应用。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其与竹材的粘结力强,阻燃性、耐磨性和防霉性能优异。
本发明提出的一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料按重量份包括:硅丙乳液60-75份、水性聚氨酯乳液10-20份、醇酸树脂5-10份、糠醇树脂5-10份、氮羟甲基树脂3-8份、含硼阻燃剂3-5.5份、磷酸二氢铵2-4.8份、埃洛石纳米管0.5-2.3份、石墨烯0.3-1.5份、纳米竹炭2-3.2份、蛭石1-3.8份、纳米氧化锌3-8份、纳米二氧化硅0.5-3.2份、聚醚醚酮3-5份、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯0.1-1份、壳聚糖0.2-0.55份、植物精油0.1-0.8份、氨基硅油1-2份、成膜助剂1-5份、助剂0.2-0.7份、水50-85份。
优选地,所述硅丙乳液的固含量为42-50wt%;所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为37-45wt%。
优选地,所述含硼阻燃剂按照以下工艺进行制备:将三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸、碳酸钾溶液和钯催化剂混合均匀,在氮气的保护下升温至70-80℃,反应100-150min,过滤、蒸馏,经层析柱分离得到物料A;将物料A与丙酮混合,调节体系的pH值为5-6,在0-3℃下加入对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚,反应100-250min,静置、洗涤、干燥得到物料B;在氮气的保护下,将四氢呋喃与二异丙基胺混合,降温至-70℃~-80℃后加入丁基锂,搅拌10-20min,加入物料B的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌30-50min,加入硼酸三异丙酯,在-70℃~-80℃下反应3-5h,升温至室温后搅拌3-7h,蒸馏后加入盐酸搅拌30-50min,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到所述含硼阻燃剂。
优选地,三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸的摩尔比为1:1-2;物料A、对叔丁基苯酚、厚朴酚的摩尔比为1:0.5-1:0.5-1;二异丙基胺、丁基锂、物料B、硼酸三异丙酯的摩尔比为3-6:3-5:0.5-1.2:5-6。
优选地,所述埃洛石纳米管的平均粒径为45-65nm。
优选地,所述蛭石为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性的蛭石。
优选地,所述植物精油为樟树精油、牛至精油、柠檬草精油、艾蒿精油中的一种或者多种的混合物。
优选地,所述成膜助剂为二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的混合物,且二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的体积比为1-3:2-5:3-11。
优选地,所述助剂为润湿剂、消泡剂、分散剂、流平剂、增稠剂、附着力促进剂中的一种或者多种的混合物。
本发明所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料中,以硅丙乳液为原料,同时加入了水性聚氨酯乳液、醇酸树脂进行配合,发挥协同作用,成膜性好,在竹制品的表面形成了致密的保护层,能隔绝空气、水分,起到了抑制霉菌生长的作用,同时赋予涂料优异的强度、耐磨性和柔韧性;糠醇树脂、氮羟甲基树脂加入体系中配合,减少了干燥漆膜挤压时产生的黏附现象,进一步增强了漆膜的耐磨性能;在含硼阻燃剂的制备过程中,首先以三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸为原料,在钯催化剂的作用下,控制反应条件,使三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸发生了反应,将噻吩引入到了三聚氯氰分子中得到了物料A;物料A与对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚混合后,对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚中的羟基进一步与物料A中剩余的氯发生了取代反应,将对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚引入到了分子中,得到了物料B,之后将物料B在二异丙基胺、丁基锂、硼酸三异丙酯的作用下进行了反应,得到了含硼阻燃剂,将其加入体系中,一方面,与磷酸二氢铵、埃洛石纳米管、石墨烯配合后,改变了涂料的热解过程,在其燃烧的过程中,能形成致密、坚固的无机膜以及B-O-C碳层,起到了隔热、隔氧和抑制可燃气体逸出的作用,同时产生了大量不燃性气体,稀释了空气中氧气的浓度,降低了热释放速率和发烟速率,降低了热释放总量和发烟总量,显著提高了涂料的阻燃性和抑烟性,一方面,其分子中引入了厚朴酚结构,与纳米氧化锌、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯、壳聚糖、植物精油配合,具有协同作用,能攻击细菌的细胞,致使细胞内的有机物分解,起到了杀菌和抑菌的作用,赋予涂料优异的防霉性能,另一方面,因分子中引入了苯环结构,热稳定性和疏水性提高,与纳米竹炭和氨基树脂配合,赋予涂料一定的疏水性,改善了水性聚氨酯的加入引起的耐水性不好的缺陷;聚醚醚酮作为填料加入体系中,与埃洛石纳米管、石墨烯、纳米竹炭、蛭石、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅配合,提高了涂料的强度和耐老化性能,同时赋予涂料优异的耐磨性和耐化学稳定性;埃洛石纳米管具有管状结构,加入体系中,能与硅丙乳液、水性聚氨酯乳液交织在一起,均匀的分散在体系中,同时埃洛石纳米管表面含有大量的活性基团,对3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯具有吸附作用,提高了3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯与基体的作用力,改善了3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯的抗流失性,赋予涂料优异的防霉和防水性。
本发明所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料其氧指数达到42.5%以上,对多种霉菌及蓝变菌的侵染具有防治效力,且防治效力均达到了100%。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料按重量份包括:硅丙乳液75份、水性聚氨酯乳液10份、醇酸树脂10份、糠醇树脂5份、氮羟甲基树脂8份、含硼阻燃剂3份、磷酸二氢铵4.8份、埃洛石纳米管0.5份、石墨烯1.5份、纳米竹炭2份、蛭石3.8份、纳米氧化锌3份、纳米二氧化硅3.2份、聚醚醚酮3份、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯1份、壳聚糖0.2份、植物精油0.8份、氨基硅油1份、成膜助剂5份、助剂0.2份、水85份。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料按重量份包括:硅丙乳液60份、水性聚氨酯乳液20份、醇酸树脂5份、糠醇树脂10份、氮羟甲基树脂3份、含硼阻燃剂5.5份、磷酸二氢铵2份、埃洛石纳米管2.3份、石墨烯0.3份、纳米竹炭3.2份、蛭石1份、纳米氧化锌8份、纳米二氧化硅0.5份、聚醚醚酮5份、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯0.1份、壳聚糖0.55份、植物精油0.1份、氨基硅油2份、成膜助剂1份、助剂0.7份、水50份。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料按重量份包括:硅丙乳液72份、水性聚氨酯乳液13份、醇酸树脂9份、糠醇树脂7份、氮羟甲基树脂7份、含硼阻燃剂3.8份、磷酸二氢铵4.5份、埃洛石纳米管1份、石墨烯1.3份、纳米竹炭2.5份、蛭石3.5份、纳米氧化锌4份、纳米二氧化硅3份、聚醚醚酮3.6份、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯0.8份、壳聚糖0.26份、植物精油0.7份、氨基硅油1.3份、成膜助剂4.2份、助剂0.3份、水82份;
其中,所述硅丙乳液的固含量为50wt%;所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为37wt%;
所述含硼阻燃剂按照以下工艺进行制备:将三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸、碳酸钾溶液和钯催化剂混合均匀,在氮气的保护下升温至80℃,反应100min,过滤、蒸馏,经层析柱分离得到物料A;将物料A与丙酮混合,调节体系的pH值为6,在0℃下加入对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚,反应250min,静置、洗涤、干燥得到物料B;在氮气的保护下,将四氢呋喃与二异丙基胺混合,降温至-70℃后加入丁基锂,搅拌20min,加入物料B的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌30min,加入硼酸三异丙酯,在-80℃下反应3h,升温至室温后搅拌7h,蒸馏后加入盐酸搅拌30min,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到所述含硼阻燃剂;其中,三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸的摩尔比为1:2;物料A、对叔丁基苯酚、厚朴酚的摩尔比为1:0.5:0.5;二异丙基胺、丁基锂、物料B、硼酸三异丙酯的摩尔比为6:3:1.2:5;
所述埃洛石纳米管的平均粒径为65nm;
所述蛭石为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性的蛭石;
所述植物精油为樟树精油;
所述成膜助剂为二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的混合物,且二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的体积比为3:2:11;
所述助剂为润湿剂。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料按重量份包括:硅丙乳液63份、水性聚氨酯乳液18份、醇酸树脂7份、糠醇树脂9份、氮羟甲基树脂4份、含硼阻燃剂5份、磷酸二氢铵2.6份、埃洛石纳米管2份、石墨烯0.6份、纳米竹炭3份、蛭石1.5份、纳米氧化锌7份、纳米二氧化硅1份、聚醚醚酮4.6份、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯0.3份、壳聚糖0.5份、植物精油0.3份、氨基硅油1.8份、成膜助剂2份、助剂0.6份、水56份;
其中,所述硅丙乳液的固含量为42wt%;所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为45wt%;
所述含硼阻燃剂按照以下工艺进行制备:将三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸、碳酸钾溶液和钯催化剂混合均匀,在氮气的保护下升温至70℃,反应150min,过滤、蒸馏,经层析柱分离得到物料A;将物料A与丙酮混合,调节体系的pH值为5,在3℃下加入对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚,反应100min,静置、洗涤、干燥得到物料B;在氮气的保护下,将四氢呋喃与二异丙基胺混合,降温至-80℃后加入丁基锂,搅拌10min,加入物料B的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌50min,加入硼酸三异丙酯,在-70℃下反应5h,升温至室温后搅拌3h,蒸馏后加入盐酸搅拌50min,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到所述含硼阻燃剂;其中,三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸的摩尔比为1:1;物料A、对叔丁基苯酚、厚朴酚的摩尔比为1:1:1;二异丙基胺、丁基锂、物料B、硼酸三异丙酯的摩尔比为3:5:0.5:6;
所述埃洛石纳米管的平均粒径为45nm;
所述蛭石为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性的蛭石;
所述植物精油为牛至精油、艾蒿精油的混合物;
所述成膜助剂为二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的混合物,且二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的体积比为1:5:3;
所述助剂为消泡剂、流平剂的混合物。
实施例5
本发明提出的一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其原料按重量份包括:硅丙乳液70份、水性聚氨酯乳液15份、醇酸树脂8份、糠醇树脂7份、氮羟甲基树脂6份、含硼阻燃剂4份、磷酸二氢铵3.9份、埃洛石纳米管2份、石墨烯1.3份、纳米竹炭2.7份、蛭石3份、纳米氧化锌5.2份、纳米二氧化硅2份、聚醚醚酮4份、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯0.6份、壳聚糖0.38份、植物精油0.5份、氨基硅油1.5份、成膜助剂3.3份、助剂0.5份、水70份;
其中,所述硅丙乳液的固含量为48wt%;所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为40wt%;
所述含硼阻燃剂按照以下工艺进行制备:将三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸、碳酸钾溶液和钯催化剂混合均匀,在氮气的保护下升温至75℃,反应120min,过滤、蒸馏,经层析柱分离得到物料A;将物料A与丙酮混合,调节体系的pH值为5,在2℃下加入对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚,反应200min,静置、洗涤、干燥得到物料B;在氮气的保护下,将四氢呋喃与二异丙基胺混合,降温至-75℃后加入丁基锂,搅拌15min,加入物料B的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌40min,加入硼酸三异丙酯,在-76℃下反应4h,升温至室温后搅拌6h,蒸馏后加入盐酸搅拌40min,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到所述含硼阻燃剂;其中,三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸的摩尔比为1:1.5;物料A、对叔丁基苯酚、厚朴酚的摩尔比为1:0.7:0.8;二异丙基胺、丁基锂、物料B、硼酸三异丙酯的摩尔比为5:4:1:5.7;
所述埃洛石纳米管的平均粒径为60nm;
所述蛭石为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性的蛭石;
所述植物精油为樟树精油、牛至精油、柠檬草精油、艾蒿精油的混合物,且樟树精油、牛至精油、柠檬草精油、艾蒿精油的体积比为1:1:1:1;
所述成膜助剂为二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的混合物,且二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的体积比为2:3:7;
所述助剂为润湿剂、消泡剂、分散剂、流平剂、增稠剂、附着力促进剂的混合物。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,其原料按重量份包括:硅丙乳液60-75份、水性聚氨酯乳液10-20份、醇酸树脂5-10份、糠醇树脂5-10份、氮羟甲基树脂3-8份、含硼阻燃剂3-5.5份、磷酸二氢铵2-4.8份、埃洛石纳米管0.5-2.3份、石墨烯0.3-1.5份、纳米竹炭2-3.2份、蛭石1-3.8份、纳米氧化锌3-8份、纳米二氧化硅0.5-3.2份、聚醚醚酮3-5份、3-碘-2-丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯0.1-1份、壳聚糖0.2-0.55份、植物精油0.1-0.8份、氨基硅油1-2份、成膜助剂1-5份、助剂0.2-0.7份、水50-85份。
2.根据权利要求1所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,所述硅丙乳液的固含量为42-50wt%;所述水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为37-45wt%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,所述含硼阻燃剂按照以下工艺进行制备:将三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸、碳酸钾溶液和钯催化剂混合均匀,在氮气的保护下升温至70-80℃,反应100-150min,过滤、蒸馏,经层析柱分离得到物料A;将物料A与丙酮混合,调节体系的pH值为5-6,在0-3℃下加入对叔丁基苯酚和厚朴酚,反应100-250min,静置、洗涤、干燥得到物料B;在氮气的保护下,将四氢呋喃与二异丙基胺混合,降温至-70℃~-80℃后加入丁基锂,搅拌10-20min,加入物料B的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌30-50min,加入硼酸三异丙酯,在-70℃~-80℃下反应3-5h,升温至室温后搅拌3-7h,蒸馏后加入盐酸搅拌30-50min,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到所述含硼阻燃剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,三聚氯氰、2-噻吩硼酸的摩尔比为1:1-2;物料A、对叔丁基苯酚、厚朴酚的摩尔比为1:0.5-1:0.5-1;二异丙基胺、丁基锂、物料B、硼酸三异丙酯的摩尔比为3-6:3-5:0.5-1.2:5-6。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,所述埃洛石纳米管的平均粒径为45-65nm。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,所述蛭石为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性的蛭石。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,所述植物精油为樟树精油、牛至精油、柠檬草精油、艾蒿精油中的一种或者多种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,所述成膜助剂为二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的混合物,且二丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇丁醚、二乙二醇单乙醚的体积比为1-3:2-5:3-11。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述竹制品表面用阻燃耐磨涂料,其特征在于,所述助剂为润湿剂、消泡剂、分散剂、流平剂、增稠剂、附着力促进剂中的一种或者多种的混合物。
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