CN109275904B - Preparation method of mussel carotenoid extract - Google Patents
Preparation method of mussel carotenoid extract Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/20—Fish extracts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L17/40—Shell-fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an application of a mussel carotenoid extract in eye health protection, wherein the carotenoid extract is prepared by the following steps: drying and crushing mussels, carrying out enzymolysis, filtering enzymolysis liquid, taking filtrate for centrifugation, mixing mussel residues obtained by filtration with centrifugal precipitate, adding an organic extracting agent for extraction, and finally concentrating the filtrate obtained by leaching of a leaching solution to obtain a carotenoid extract; the carotenoid extract can be made into composition further comprising an additional oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier. The carotenoid extract provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, low operation temperature, high extraction efficiency, small solvent consumption and high recovery rate; the obtained extract and its composition can be used for protecting eye health; can also be used for preparing antioxidant, enhancing immunity, preventing skin aging, protecting central nerve, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and relieving sports fatigue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep processing of aquatic products, in particular to application of a mussel carotenoid extract in eye health protection.
Technical Field
The marine shellfish class of Polyphyllae, gastropoda, bivalvia and cephalopoda contains carotenoid, especially higher content in bivalvia such as Concha Ostreae, scallop, mussel and Concha Meretricis Seu Cyclinae. Marine shellfish are also important food sources for marine fish, seabirds, marine mammals and humans, and play an important role in the transfer of carotenoids into the food chain of higher vertebrates. Mussels produced in China include some kinds of mussels, thick-shell mussels, emerald mussels and the like. Mussels mainly take algae and organic debris as bait, and the algae is rich in carotenoid, so that the carotenoid in the meat quality of the mussels is rich in accumulation. To date, over 60 carotenoids have been found in mollusks, from pleopoda, gastropoda, bivalvia to cephalopoda, and mainly β -carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, diatoxanthin, fucoxanthin, isoflavin, astaxanthin, scallop ketone, scallop alcohol, etc., wherein β -carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin are present in substantially every species.
Carotenoids, usually denoted C40The two main pigments, hydrocarbon (carotene) and their oxidized derivatives (lutein), synthesized by higher plants, algae and microorganisms, exist in nature in the form of pigments, and up to 750 have been discovered in 2004, and are still increasing at a rate of over 20 per year. Carotenoids are fat-soluble organic compounds with large molecular weight, which structurally contain an isoprene chain with nine double bonds, two ends of the chain are respectively provided with a beta-violone ring, hydrogen atoms at different positions on the ring can be replaced by hydroxyl, carbonyl and epoxy, and the carotenoids can be dissolved in most organic reagents such as acetone, alcohol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and the like, but are not dissolved in water. Carotenoids are bright in color and strong in coloring power, and have been widely used in colorants and feed additives; the carotenoid has biological activity, and besides being used as a functional food, the beta-carotene can be degraded into two molecules of vitamin A and is also a rich source of the vitamin A; the carotenoid has antioxidant effect, such as scavenging oxygen free radicals, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, quenching singlet oxygen, preventing and resisting cancer, increasing B cell activity in immune system, and enhancing immunity; can also be used for treating photosensitive diseases and preventing cataract. At present, the application field of carotenoid gradually turns to three fields of nutritional food, health care products and medicines from the initial coloring function.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an application of a mussel carotenoid extract in eye health protection, the preparation method of the carotenoid extract is simple, the operation temperature is low, the extraction efficiency is high, the solvent dosage is low, the recovery yield is high, and the prepared extract and a composition which also contains an additional oil phase or a solid phase dispersion carrier can be applied to eye health protection medicines, health care foods, functional common foods or other foods.
Aiming at the problems mentioned in the background technology, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is provided, wherein the carotenoid extract is prepared by the following steps: drying and crushing mussels, adding water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3-6 of the mussel liquid, uniformly mixing, adding protease, stirring and performing enzymolysis for 2-3 h at 36-48 ℃, boiling to inactivate enzyme for 5-10 min, filtering enzymolysis liquid to obtain mussel residue and filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate for 10-20 min at 10-20 ℃ and 3000-4000 r/min to obtain supernatant and precipitate, mixing the mussel residue obtained in the enzymolysis step with the centrifugal precipitate, adding an organic extracting agent according to the weight ratio of 1: 3-5 of the mussel liquid, performing vacuum filtration after performing water bath oscillation for 2-3 h at 25-38 ℃, concentrating the obtained filtrate at 35-45 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain the carotenoid extract. Animal carotenoids are generally associated with proteins, such as astaxanthin, which is contained in astaxanthin-containing shrimp egg-green protein, which is an enriched complex of astaxanthin and astaxanthin. The enzymolysis treatment is to add protease into mussels to decompose proteins, destroy the combination of proteins and astaxanthin in the mussels, and is favorable for the release of carotenoid, thereby improving the extraction rate of organic solvent to the carotenoid, and the protein peptide after enzymolysis mainly exists in the enzymolysis liquid, can recycle the proteins, and strengthens the comprehensive utilization of resources.
Preferably, the enzyme for enzymolysis is papain, and the enzyme adding amount is 1000-1500U/g. Papain belongs to thiol protease, is a low specificity proteolytic enzyme, can hydrolyze carboxyl terminals of arginine and lysine in protein and polypeptide, can preferentially hydrolyze peptide bonds of amino acids with two carboxyl groups or aromatic L-amino acids at the N-terminal of the peptide bonds, and simultaneously contains a certain amount of lysozyme, thereby having the function of bacteriolysis.
Further preferably, cysteine and lactic acid are added in the enzymolysis process as enzyme activators, and the addition amount of the activators is 0.5-0.8% of the weight of the papain. The activator is added to improve the activity of the papain, protect sulfydryl in enzyme molecules from being oxidized, accelerate the reaction rate of the enzyme, increase the reaction rate of an enzymolysis reaction system and achieve the effect of enzyme activation.
More preferably, the content of lactic acid in the activator accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total amount of the activator, and the proportion of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid in the lactic acid is as follows: and 3: 75-79, the lactic acid with the special proportion is added, so that the inter-bond domain formed when the carotenoid is combined with the protein is broken while the protease is activated, the structure of the carotenoid and the protein which are combined tightly originally is loosened, and respective hydrophobic domains of the carotenoid and the protein molecule are released, so that the approaching chance of the protease and enzyme cutting sites is increased, the enzymolysis efficiency is improved, the subsequently added enzyme and organic solvent can be easily contacted with a target substrate and react correspondingly, the total consumption of reactants is reduced, the extraction process is accelerated, and the recovery rate and the yield of the carotenoid are improved.
Preferably, the organic extractant is one or more of acetone, isopropanol, anhydrous ethanol and ethyl acetate. The carotenoid is usually insoluble in water, but has good fat solubility and is easily soluble in various organic solvents, so the carotenoid can be extracted by using the organic solvents, the solvents can be evaporated after the extraction, the carotenoid is concentrated, a crude carotenoid extract with a high concentration is obtained, and meanwhile, the solvents can be recycled.
An application of a mussel carotenoid extract in eye health protection is disclosed, wherein the carotenoid extract can be prepared into a composition which also contains an additional oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier, and the weight ratio of the carotenoid extract to the additional oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier in the composition is 5: 14-21. The composition effectively avoids the unpleasant odor and taste of the extract, and avoids the contact of the extract with air and light, thereby effectively preventing the carotenoid extract from being oxidized and denatured, and playing the roles of increasing the stability and improving the bioavailability.
Preferably, the additional oil phase is one or more of sesame oil, linoleic acid, walnut oil, vitamin E, beta-cyclodextrin, vitamin C, safflower seed oil and camellia seed oil. The composition containing the external oil phase can block the contact chance of the carotenoid extract with the outside, changes the problems of unstable carotenoid extract and low bioavailability when being directly eaten, further expands the development and utilization space of the extract and realizes the comprehensive application of nutrition and functional components.
Preferably, the solid phase dispersion carrier is one or more of xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol and citric acid. The composition containing the solid-phase dispersion carrier can be directly used, or can be added with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials to prepare various oral solid preparations such as powder, granules, tablets or pills, and can also be used as a raw material to form a composition with other medicines and food raw materials, and the composition is applied to medicines, health-care foods, functional common foods or other foods for protecting eye health.
An application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is disclosed, wherein the carotenoid extract and its composition can also be used for preparing antioxidant, enhancing immunity, preventing skin aging, protecting central nerve, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and relieving sports fatigue.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) in the invention, the mussel is subjected to enzymolysis to promote protein hydrolysis, so that a carotenoid-protein composite structure is completely destroyed to promote the carotenoid to be in a free state, and then the carotenoid is fully extracted by adopting an organic solvent, so that the whole process does not need high temperature or acid-base treatment which can cause carotenoid loss, and the extraction efficiency and yield of the carotenoid extract are ensured and improved;
2) the carotenoid extract and the composition containing the additional oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier provided by the invention can effectively prevent and treat eye-related diseases such as myopia, hypermetropia, trachoma and retinitis, are convenient to use, have no damage to intestines and stomach, particularly avoid the bad smell and taste of the extract, effectively prevent the carotenoid extract from being oxidized and denatured, play a role in increasing stability and improving bioavailability, and can be applied to medicaments, health-care food, functional common food or other food for protecting eye health;
3) the carotenoid extract and the composition thereof can also be used for preparing antioxidants, enhancing the immunologic function, preventing skin aging, protecting central nerves, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, relieving sports fatigue and other fields;
4) the preparation method of the mussel carotenoid extract has the advantages of simple process, high repeatability, low operation temperature, high extraction efficiency, small solvent dosage and high recovery rate, and the composition can be prepared into preparations in various forms, thereby expanding the development and utilization space of the extract and realizing the comprehensive application of nutrients and functional components.
Detailed Description
The scheme of the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1:
an application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is provided, wherein the carotenoid extract is prepared by the following steps: drying and crushing mussels, adding water according to the weight ratio of 1:6 of the mussels, uniformly mixing, adding protease, stirring and performing enzymolysis for 2 hours at 36 ℃, boiling and inactivating enzyme for 5 minutes, filtering enzymolysis liquid to obtain mussel residues and filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate for 10 minutes at 10 ℃ and 3000r/min to obtain supernatant and precipitate, mixing the mussel residues and the centrifugal precipitate obtained in the enzymolysis step, adding an organic extracting agent according to the weight ratio of 1:3 of the mussel residues and the centrifugal precipitate, performing vacuum filtration after performing water bath oscillation for 2 hours at 25 ℃, concentrating the obtained filtrate at 35 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain the carotenoid extract. Animal carotenoids are generally associated with proteins, such as astaxanthin, which is contained in astaxanthin-containing shrimp egg-green protein, which is an enriched complex of astaxanthin and astaxanthin. The enzymolysis treatment is to add protease into mussels to decompose proteins, destroy the combination of proteins and astaxanthin in the mussels, and is favorable for the release of carotenoid, thereby improving the extraction rate of organic solvent to the carotenoid, and the protein peptide after enzymolysis mainly exists in the enzymolysis liquid, can recycle the proteins, and strengthens the comprehensive utilization of resources.
The enzyme for enzymolysis is papain, and the enzyme adding amount is 1000U/g. Papain belongs to thiol protease, is a low specificity proteolytic enzyme, can hydrolyze carboxyl terminals of arginine and lysine in protein and polypeptide, can preferentially hydrolyze peptide bonds of amino acids with two carboxyl groups or aromatic L-amino acids at the N-terminal of the peptide bonds, and simultaneously contains a certain amount of lysozyme, thereby having the function of bacteriolysis.
Cysteine and lactic acid are added in the enzymolysis process as enzyme activators, and the addition amount of the activators is 0.5 percent of the weight of the papain. The activator is added to improve the activity of the papain, protect sulfydryl in enzyme molecules from being oxidized, accelerate the reaction rate of the enzyme, increase the reaction rate of an enzymolysis reaction system and achieve the effect of enzyme activation.
The content of lactic acid in the activator accounts for 0.2 percent of the total amount of the activator, and the proportion of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid in the lactic acid is as follows: 78, adding the lactic acid with the special proportion can break the inter-bond domain formed when the carotenoid is combined with the protein while activating the protease, so that the structure of the carotenoid and the protein which are combined closely is loosened, and respective hydrophobic domains of the carotenoid and the protein molecule are released, thereby increasing the approaching chance of the protease and enzyme cutting sites, further improving the enzymolysis efficiency, ensuring that the subsequently added enzyme and organic solvent can be easily contacted with a target substrate and react correspondingly, reducing the total consumption of reactants, accelerating the extraction process, and being beneficial to improving the recovery rate and the yield of the carotenoid.
The organic extractant is acetone. The carotenoid is usually insoluble in water, but has good fat solubility and is easily soluble in various organic solvents, so the carotenoid can be extracted by using the organic solvents, the solvents can be evaporated after the extraction, the carotenoid is concentrated, a crude carotenoid extract with a high concentration is obtained, and meanwhile, the solvents can be recycled.
An application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is provided, wherein the carotenoid extract can be made into composition further containing additional oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier, and the weight ratio of carotenoid extract to additional oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier in the composition is 5: 21. The composition effectively avoids the unpleasant odor and taste of the extract, and avoids the contact of the extract with air and light, thereby effectively preventing the carotenoid extract from being oxidized and denatured, and playing the roles of increasing the stability and improving the bioavailability.
The added oil phase is sesame oil, linoleic acid, vitamin E, beta-cyclodextrin, vitamin C, safflower seed oil and the like which are mixed in proportion. The composition containing the external oil phase can block the contact chance of the carotenoid extract with the outside, changes the problems of unstable carotenoid extract and low bioavailability when being directly eaten, further expands the development and utilization space of the extract and realizes the comprehensive application of nutrition and functional components.
The solid phase dispersion carrier is prepared by mixing sorbitol and citric acid in equal proportion. The composition containing the solid-phase dispersion carrier can be directly used, or can be added with pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials to prepare various oral solid preparations such as powder, granules, tablets or pills, and can also be used as a raw material to form a composition with other medicines and food raw materials, and the composition is applied to medicines, health-care foods, functional common foods or other foods for protecting eye health.
Example 2:
an application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is provided, wherein the carotenoid extract is prepared by the following steps: drying and crushing mussels, adding water according to the weight ratio of 1:3 of the mussels, uniformly mixing, adding papain with the enzyme addition of 1200U/g, stirring for enzymolysis at 48 ℃ for 3h, boiling for enzyme deactivation for 10min, filtering the enzymolysis liquid to obtain mussel residues and filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 10 ℃ and 3000r/min for 13min to obtain supernatant and precipitate, mixing the mussel residues and the centrifugal precipitate obtained in the enzymolysis step, adding acetone according to the weight ratio of 1:5 of the mussel residues and the centrifugal precipitate, performing vacuum filtration after water bath oscillation at 28 ℃ for 2h, concentrating the obtained filtrate at 38 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain the carotenoid extract.
Cysteine and lactic acid are added in the enzymolysis process as enzyme activators, the addition amount of the activators is 0.6 percent of the weight of the papain, the content of the lactic acid in the activators accounts for 0.3 percent of the total amount of the activators, and the proportion of the D-lactic acid and the L-lactic acid in the lactic acid is as follows: 3:77.
An application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is disclosed, wherein the carotenoid extract can be made into composition containing additional oil phase at a weight ratio of 5:19, and the additional oil phase is sesame oil, linoleic acid, vitamin E, beta-cyclodextrin, vitamin C, and safflower oil.
Example 3:
an application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is provided, wherein the carotenoid extract is prepared by the following steps: drying and crushing mussels, adding water according to the feed liquid weight ratio of 1:4, uniformly mixing, adding papain with the enzyme addition amount of 1200U/g, stirring and performing enzymolysis at 44 ℃ for 2.5h, boiling and inactivating enzyme for 8min, filtering the enzymolysis liquid to obtain mussel residues and filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 15 ℃ and 4000r/min for 15min to obtain supernatant and precipitate, mixing the mussel residues and the centrifugal precipitate obtained in the enzymolysis step, adding acetone according to the feed liquid weight ratio of 1:4, performing vacuum filtration after water bath oscillation at 33 ℃ for 2.5h, concentrating the obtained filtrate at 38 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain the carotenoid extract.
Cysteine and lactic acid are added in the enzymolysis process as enzyme activators, the addition amount of the activators is 0.7 percent of the weight of the papain, the content of the lactic acid in the activators accounts for 0.4 percent of the total amount of the activators, and the proportion of the D-lactic acid and the L-lactic acid in the lactic acid is as follows: 3:76.
An application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is disclosed, wherein the carotenoid extract can be made into composition further containing solid phase dispersion carrier, the weight ratio of carotenoid extract to solid phase dispersion carrier in the composition is 5:17, and the solid phase dispersion carrier is mixture of sorbitol and citric acid at equal ratio.
Example 4:
the application of the mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is characterized in that the specific preparation steps of the carotenoid extract are further optimized as follows: drying and crushing mussels, adding water according to the weight ratio of 1:4 of the mussels, uniformly mixing, adding papain with the enzyme addition of 1200U/g, stirring and carrying out enzymolysis at 44 ℃ for 2.5h, boiling and inactivating the enzyme for 8min, filtering the enzymolysis liquid to obtain mussel residues and filtrate, centrifuging the filtrate at 15 ℃ and 4000r/min for 15min to obtain supernatant and precipitate, mixing the mussel residues and the centrifugal precipitate obtained in the enzymolysis step, adding an organic extracting agent according to the weight ratio of 1:4 of the mussel residues and the centrifugal precipitate, carrying out water bath oscillation at 33 ℃ for 2.5h, carrying out vacuum filtration, concentrating the obtained filtrate at 38 ℃, and removing the solvent to obtain the carotenoid extract.
Cysteine and lactic acid are added in the enzymolysis process as enzyme activators, the addition amount of the activators is 0.7 percent of the weight of the papain, the content of the lactic acid in the activators accounts for 0.4 percent of the total amount of the activators, and the proportion of the D-lactic acid and the L-lactic acid in the lactic acid is as follows: 3:76.
The organic extractant is acetone, o-phenylphenol and hydroxymethyl urea in a weight ratio of 9:0.5:0.5, and the addition of the o-phenylphenol and the hydroxymethyl urea can destroy the molecular surface viscosity in the residue and precipitate mixture, accelerate the permeation and diffusion of acetone molecules into the mixture, improve the adsorption and extraction of acetone on the target extract, accelerate the extraction rate of the organic solvent, strengthen the penetrating power of the extractant and reduce the surface tension of the extracting solution, so that the dissolving and diffusion speed of the target extract in the extractant is accelerated, the dispersion degree of the target extract is improved, a larger concentration difference is kept between the organic solvent and the mixture, the extraction is always carried out at a faster rate, and the purpose of high-efficiency extraction is achieved.
An application of mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health is disclosed, wherein the carotenoid extract can be made into composition further containing solid phase dispersion carrier, the weight ratio of carotenoid extract to solid phase dispersion carrier in the composition is 5:17, and the solid phase dispersion carrier is mixture of sorbitol and citric acid at equal ratio.
Example 5:
an application of a mussel carotenoid extract in protecting eye health, wherein an enzyme activator is not added in the enzymolysis process in the specific preparation step of the carotenoid extract, and the other steps are the same as the preparation steps in the example 3, so that the mussel carotenoid extract is prepared.
Example 6:
data statistics and analysis of mussel carotenoid extracts
The final extraction yield analysis of mussel carotene extract was performed using examples 1-4 as test groups and example 5 as control group, and the statistical data are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 content variation of mussel carotenoids in extraction and purification
As can be seen from table 1, in the preparation of the carotenoid extract, the final extraction yield of examples 1 to 4 in which the enzyme activator is added during the enzymatic hydrolysis is significantly higher than that of example 5, while the final extraction yield of examples 4 in which different organic extractants are used is significantly better than that of others, which indicates that the preparation process of the carotenoid extract has the advantages of low operation temperature, high extraction efficiency, less solvent consumption, and high recovery yield.
Example 7:
accelerated stability testing of compositions containing mussel carotenoid extracts
And (3) determining a survey index: in order to fully verify the stability of the carotenoid extract content under the accelerated test conditions, the carotenoid content of the composition samples of the carotenoid extract prepared in the examples of the invention is used as the stability investigation index.
Designing a test scheme: 50g of each of the compositions prepared in examples 1 to 4 was used as a test sample, and the test samples were numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and a carotenoid extract sample was used as a control group, and the control group was placed in a clean transparent glass bottle, and the bottle was placed at a temperature of 40 ℃. + -. 2 ℃ and a relative humidity of 75. + -. 5% for 6 months to perform an accelerated stability test, and samples were taken at 0 day, 7 days, 14 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months, respectively, to measure the carotenoid content, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 determination of carotenoid content
As can be seen from table 2, the control group showed a significant decrease in carotenoid content after 7 days, and had exhausted 19.8% after 14 days, 97.0% after 3 months, and exhausted after 6 months; the test samples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are basically stable within 6 months and only lose 1.3%, 2.4%, 1.3% and 1.6% respectively, which shows that the carotenoid extract prepared into the composition can keep the stable property for a long time, does not change the nutrition and functional component system of the carotenoid extract, and has sufficient development and utilization space.
Example 8:
bioavailability testing of compositions containing mussel carotenoid extracts
And (3) determining a monitoring index: the carotenoid content is taken as a monitoring index, and the concentration of the carotenoid absorbed into blood after being infused into the stomach and administered to various samples by intravenous injection is examined, so that the bioavailability is calculated.
Designing a test scheme: the test animals were healthy rabbits weighing about 2Kg, and the animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 animals each. After fasting for 12 hours before the test, the composition samples prepared in examples 1 to 4 are respectively administered by gavage, the carotenoid extract and soybean oil composition is taken as a control group, the carotenoid content in blood plasma is intensively determined after the samples are administered, and the peak concentration of the blood medicine is detected after half an hour of peak time; after the test samples are filled into the stomach, the medicine is stopped for one week until the samples in the animal body are completely metabolized, then the carotenoid solution with equal dosage is administered by intravenous injection, the carotenoid content in the blood plasma is measured, and the bioavailability of the carotenoid is calculated according to the result, the result is shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 Carotenoid bioavailability test results
As can be seen from table 3, the bioavailability of the compositions containing carotenoid extracts prepared in examples 1 to 4 was above 94%, the bioavailability of the control group was only 90.1%, and the bioavailability of the compositions prepared in the examples was significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that the bioavailability of the compositions containing carotenoid in the examples of the present invention was higher.
In conclusion, the preparation method of the carotenoid extract prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple process, high repeatability, low operation temperature, high extraction efficiency, small solvent consumption and high recovery rate; the prepared carotenoid extract and the composition containing the added oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier can be prepared into various preparations, so that the bad smell and the taste of the extract are avoided, the carotenoid extract is effectively prevented from being oxidized and denatured, the effects of improving the stability and improving the bioavailability are achieved, the carotenoid extract can be applied to medicaments, health-care foods, functional common foods or other foods for protecting the eye health, and also can be used for preparing antioxidants, enhancing the immunologic function, preventing skin aging, protecting central nerves, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, relieving the sports fatigue and other fields.
The conventional operations in the operation steps of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of mussel carotenoid extract is characterized by comprising the following steps: the carotenoid extract is prepared by the following steps: drying and crushing mussels, carrying out enzymolysis, filtering enzymolysis liquid, centrifuging filtrate, mixing mussel residues obtained by filtering with centrifugal precipitate, adding an organic extracting agent for extraction, carrying out suction filtration on an extract liquid, and concentrating the obtained filtrate to obtain a carotenoid extract;
cysteine and lactic acid are added in the enzymolysis process as enzyme activators, the enzyme for enzymolysis is papain, and the enzyme adding amount is 1000-1500U/g; the addition amount of the activating agent is 0.5-0.8% of the weight of the papain;
the content of lactic acid in the activator accounts for 0.2-0.4% of the total amount of the activator, and the proportion of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid in the lactic acid is as follows: 75: 75-79;
the organic extractant is one or more of acetone, isopropanol, anhydrous ethanol and ethyl acetate.
2. The method for preparing a mussel carotenoid extract according to claim 1, wherein: the carotenoid extract can be formulated into a composition further comprising an added oil phase or solid phase dispersion vehicle.
3. The method for preparing a mussel carotenoid extract according to claim 2, wherein: the weight ratio of the carotenoid extract to the externally added oil phase or solid phase dispersion carrier in the composition is 5: 14-21.
4. The method for preparing a mussel carotenoid extract according to claim 2, wherein: the additional oil phase is one or more of sesame oil, linoleic acid, walnut oil, vitamin E, beta-cyclodextrin, vitamin C, safflower seed oil and camellia seed oil.
5. The method for preparing a mussel carotenoid extract according to claim 2, wherein: the solid phase dispersion carrier is one or more of xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol and citric acid.
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